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Kriegsmarine

Index Kriegsmarine

The Kriegsmarine (literally "War Navy") was the navy of Germany from 1935 to 1945. [1]

248 relations: Admiral (Germany), Adolf Hitler, Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Air-sea rescue, Aircraft carrier, Allies of World War II, Alwin-Broder Albrecht, Anglo-German Naval Agreement, Anti-aircraft warfare, Anti-submarine warfare, Arado Ar 196, Arctic convoys of World War II, Armed merchantman, Armored cruiser, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Wall, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Baltic Sea, Barque, Battle between HMAS Sydney and German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran, Battle of Danzig Bay, Battle of France, Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of the Barents Sea, Battle of the Mediterranean, Battle of the North Cape, Battle of the River Plate, Battle of Westerplatte, Battlecruiser, Battles of Narvik, Battleship, Belligerent, Black May (1943), Black Sea, Bombardment of Almería, Brest, France, British Malaya, Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, Capital ship, Channel Dash, Channel Islands, Coastal artillery, Coastal defence ship, Commerce raiding, Convoy, Convoy JW 55B, Convoy PQ 17, Courland, Cruiser, D-class cruiser (Germany), ..., De facto, Destroyer, Deutschland incident (1937), Deutschland-class cruiser, Dive bomber, Division (military), Dutch East Indies, East Germany, East Prussia, Elektroboot, Erich Raeder, Erich Topp, Evacuation of East Prussia, Fast attack craft, Führer der Unterseeboote, Fieseler Fi 167, First Happy Time, Flag officer, Fleet in being, Flotilla, Former eastern territories of Germany, France, Francisco Franco, Francoist Spain, Fregattenkapitän, French Navy, Frogman, G7e torpedo, Günther Prien, Gdańsk, General admiral, Georg Lassen, German aircraft carrier I (1942), German Army (Wehrmacht), German battleship Bismarck, German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee, German cruiser Admiral Scheer, German cruiser Karlsruhe, German cruiser Königsberg, German declaration of war against the United States, German Empire, German involvement in the Spanish Civil War, German Mine Sweeping Administration, German Naval Grid System, German Navy, German re-armament, German reunification, Gibraltar, Glossary of German military terms, Gogland, Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carrier, Gulf of Finland, Gunboat, H-class battleship proposals, Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, Heavy cruiser, Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock, Heinrich Liebe, Heinz-Wilhelm Eck, Herbert Schultze, Human torpedo, Ibiza, Imperial German Navy, Indian Ocean, Interservice rivalry, Invasion of Normandy, Invasion of Poland, Jade-class aircraft carrier, Junkers Ju 87, K-Verband, Karl Dönitz, Karl-Friedrich Merten, Kiel, Kingdom of Italy, Knight (chess), Korvettenkapitän, Kurzemes Vārds, Lend-Lease, Light cruiser, List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the Kriegsmarine, List of Kriegsmarine ships, List of naval ships of Germany, List of World War II torpedoes of Germany, Luftwaffe, Mecklenburg, Messerschmitt Bf 109, Midget submarine, Military branch, Minelayer, Minesweeper, Molch, Monsun Gruppe, Narvik, NATO, Naval architecture, Naval aviation, Navy, Nazi Germany, Nazism, Neger, Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War, Norwegian Campaign, Novaya Zemlya, Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll, NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw, Oberkommando der Marine, Operation Berlin (Atlantic), Operation Catechism, Operation Deadlight, Operation Doppelschlag, Operation Hannibal, Operation Juno, Operation Neuland, Operation Nordseetour, Operation Ostfront, Operation Rösselsprung (1942), Operation Regenbogen (Arctic), Operation Rheinübung, Operation Sea Lion, Operation Sportpalast, Operation Tanne Ost, Operation Weserübung, Operation Wikinger, Operation Wunderland, Operation Zitronella, Oran, Oropesa del Mar, Oscarsborg Fortress, Oslofjord, Otto Kretschmer, P-class cruiser, Plan Z, Platoon, Polish Navy, Pomerania, Pre-dreadnought battleship, President of Germany (1919–1945), Protected cruiser, Radar, Río de la Plata, Reconnaissance aircraft, Red Army, Regia Marina, Regiment, Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, Reichsmarine, Rhine, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Navy, Royal Norwegian Navy, Scapa Flow, Schleswig-Holstein, Schutzpolizei (Nazi Germany), Schutzstaffel, Second Happy Time, Second Spanish Republic, Seehund, Seetakt, SMS Preussen (1903), Sonar, Soviet Union, Spanish Armada, Spanish Civil War, Spanish Republican Air Force, Squadron (naval), Submarine, Submarine snorkel, Szczecin, Torpedo boat, Torpedo bomber, Torpedo tube, Travemünde, Treaty of Versailles, Type IX submarine, Type VII submarine, Type X submarine, Type XIV submarine, Type XXI submarine, Type XXIII submarine, U-boat, United Kingdom, United States Coast Guard Academy, United States Navy, USCGC Eagle (WIX-327), Viktor Schütze, Volksmarine, Vorpostenboot, Washington Naval Treaty, Wehrmacht, Weimar Republic, Weser, West Germany, Wing (military aviation unit), Wolfgang Lüth, Wolfpack (naval tactic), World War I, World War II, Yellow badge. Expand index (198 more) »

Admiral (Germany)

Admiral, short Adm, (en: Admiral) is the most senior flag officer rank in the German Navy.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Adolf Hitler's rise to power

Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in Germany in September 1919 when Hitler joined the political party known as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – DAP (German Workers' Party).

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Air-sea rescue

Air-sea rescue (ASR or A/SR, also known as sea-air rescue) is the coordinated search and rescue (SAR) of the survivors of emergency water landings as well as people who have survived the loss of their seagoing vessel.

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Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Alwin-Broder Albrecht

Alwin-Broder Albrecht (18 September 1903 – 1 May 1945) was a German naval officer who was one of Adolf Hitler's adjutants during World War II.

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Anglo-German Naval Agreement

The Anglo-German Naval Agreement of 18 June 1935 was a naval agreement between the United Kingdom and Germany regulating the size of the Kriegsmarine in relation to the Royal Navy.

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Anti-aircraft warfare

Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action."AAP-6 They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons).

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Anti-submarine warfare

Anti-submarine warfare (ASW, or in older form A/S) is a branch of underwater warfare that uses surface warships, aircraft, or other submarines to find, track and deter, damage, or destroy enemy submarines.

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Arado Ar 196

The Arado Ar 196 was a shipboard reconnaissance low-wing monoplane aircraft built by the German firm of Arado starting in 1936.

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Arctic convoys of World War II

The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia.

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Armed merchantman

An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact.

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Armored cruiser

The armored cruiser was a type of warship of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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Atlantic Wall

The Atlantic Wall (Atlantikwall) was an extensive system of coastal defence and fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the coast of continental Europe and Scandinavia as a defence against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe from the United Kingdom during World War II.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.

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Barque

A barque, barc, or bark is a type of sailing vessel with three or more masts having the fore- and mainmasts rigged square and only the mizzen (the aftmost mast) rigged fore-and-aft.

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Battle between HMAS Sydney and German auxiliary cruiser Kormoran

The battle between the Australian light cruiser and the German auxiliary cruiser was a single ship action that occurred on 19 November 1941, off the coast of Western Australia.

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Battle of Danzig Bay

The Battle of Danzig Bay (bitwa w Zatoce Gdańskiej) took place on 1 September 1939, at the beginning of the invasion of Poland, when Polish Navy warships were attacked by German Luftwaffe aircraft in Gdańsk Bay (then Danzig Bay).

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Battle of France

The Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries during the Second World War.

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Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945.

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Battle of the Barents Sea

The Battle of the Barents Sea was a naval engagement on 31 December 1942 between warships of the Nazi German Kriegsmarine and British ships escorting convoy JW 51B to Kola Inlet in the USSR.

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Battle of the Mediterranean

The Battle of the Mediterranean was the name given to the naval campaign fought in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II, from 10 June 1940 to 2 May 1945.

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Battle of the North Cape

The Battle of the North Cape was a Second World War naval battle which occurred on 26 December 1943, as part of the Arctic Campaign.

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Battle of the River Plate

The Battle of the River Plate was the first naval battle in the Second World War and the first one of the Battle of the Atlantic in South American waters.

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Battle of Westerplatte

The Battle of Westerplatte was one of the first battles in the Invasion of Poland marking the start of the Second World War in Europe.

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Battlecruiser

The battlecruiser, or battle cruiser, was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century.

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Battles of Narvik

The Battles of Narvik were fought from 9 April to 8 June 1940 as a naval battle in the Ofotfjord and as a land battle in the mountains surrounding the north Norwegian city of Narvik as part of the Norwegian Campaign of the Second World War.

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Battleship

A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns.

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Belligerent

A belligerent (lat. bellum gerere, "to wage war") is an individual, group, country, or other entity that acts in a hostile manner, such as engaging in combat.

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Black May (1943)

‘Black May’ refers to a period (May 1943) in the Battle of the Atlantic campaign during World War II, when the German U-boat arm (U-Bootwaffe) suffered high casualties with fewer Allied ships sunk; it is considered a turning point in the Battle of the Atlantic.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.

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Bombardment of Almería

The Bombardment of Almería was a naval action which took place on 31 May 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.

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Brest, France

Brest is a city in the Finistère département in Brittany.

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British Malaya

The term British Malaya loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British control between the 18th and the 20th centuries.

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Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park

Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park in the southeastern corner of Spain, is Andalusia's largest coastal protected area, a wild and isolated landscape with some of Europe's most original geological features.

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Capital ship

The capital ships of a navy are its most important warships; they are generally the larger ships when compared to other warships in their respective fleet.

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Channel Dash

The Channel Dash or Unternehmen Zerberus (Operation Cerberus) was a German naval operation during World War II.

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Channel Islands

The Channel Islands (Norman: Îles d'la Manche; French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy.

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Coastal artillery

Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications.

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Coastal defence ship

Coastal defence ships (sometimes called coastal battleships or coast defence ships) were warships built for the purpose of coastal defence, mostly during the period from 1860 to 1920.

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Commerce raiding

Commerce raiding is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather than engaging its combatants or enforcing a blockade against them.

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Convoy

A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection.

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Convoy JW 55B

Convoy JW 55B was an Arctic convoy sent from Great Britain by the Western Allies to aid the Soviet Union during World War II.

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Convoy PQ 17

PQ 17 was the code name for an Allied convoy in the Arctic Ocean during the Second World War.

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Courland

Courland, or Kurzeme (in Latvian; Kurāmō; German and Kurland; Curonia/Couronia; Курляндия; Kuršas; Kurlandia), is one of the historical and cultural regions in western Latvia.

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Cruiser

A cruiser is a type of warship.

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D-class cruiser (Germany)

The D-class cruisers were a pair of cruisers, classified as Panzerschiffe ("armored ships") by the Kriegsmarine.

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De facto

In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.

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Destroyer

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller powerful short-range attackers.

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Deutschland incident (1937)

The Deutschland incident of 1937 occurred in May of that year, during the Spanish Civil War.

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Deutschland-class cruiser

The Deutschland class was a series of three Panzerschiffe ("armored ships"), a form of heavily armed cruiser, built by the Reichsmarine officially in accordance with restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.

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Dive bomber

A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy for the bomb it drops.

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Division (military)

A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers.

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Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.

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East Germany

East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik, DDR), existed from 1949 to 1990 and covers the period when the eastern portion of Germany existed as a state that was part of the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War period.

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East Prussia

East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

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Elektroboot

An elektroboot ("electric boat" in German) was a submarine designed to operate entirely submerged, rather than as submersibles that could submerge as a temporary means to escape detection or launch an attack.

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Erich Raeder

Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 – 6 November 1960) was a German grand admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II.

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Erich Topp

Erich Topp (2 July 1914 – 26 December 2005) was the third most successful of German U-Boat commanders of World War II.

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Evacuation of East Prussia

The evacuation of East Prussia was the movement of the German civilian population and military personnel from East Prussia between 20 January 1945 and March 1945, that was initially carried out by state authorities but later evolved into a chaotic flight from the Red Army.

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Fast attack craft

A fast attack craft (FAC) is a small, fast, agile and offensive warship armed with anti-ship missiles, gun or torpedoes.

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Führer der Unterseeboote

The post of Führer der Unterseeboote (FdU) ("Type Commander, Submarines") was the senior commanding officer of the submarine service in the Kaiserliche Marine of World War I and the Kriegsmarine of World War II, and the title of several senior commands during the war.

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Fieseler Fi 167

The Fieseler Fi 167 was a 1930s German biplane torpedo and reconnaissance bomber designed for use from the Graf Zeppelin class aircraft carriers under construction from 1936 to 1942.

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First Happy Time

The early phase of the Battle of the Atlantic during which German Navy U-boats enjoyed significant success against the British Royal Navy and its allies was referred to by U-boat crews as "the Happy Time" ("Die Glückliche Zeit"), and later the First Happy Time, after a second successful period was encountered.

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Flag officer

A flag officer is a commissioned officer in a nation's armed forces senior enough to be entitled to fly a flag to mark the position from which the officer exercises command.

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Fleet in being

In naval warfare, a "fleet in being" is a naval force that extends a controlling influence without ever leaving port.

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Flotilla

A flotilla (from Spanish, meaning a small flota (fleet) of ships, and this from French flotte, and this from Russian "флот" (flot), meaning "fleet"), or naval flotilla, is a formation of small warships that may be part of a larger fleet.

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Former eastern territories of Germany

The former eastern territories of Germany (Ehemalige deutsche Ostgebiete) are those provinces or regions east of the current eastern border of Germany (the Oder–Neisse line) which were lost by Germany after World War I and then World War II.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Francoist Spain

Francoist Spain (España franquista) or the Franco regime (Régimen de Franco), formally known as the Spanish State (Estado Español), is the period of Spanish history between 1939, when Francisco Franco took control of Spain after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War establishing a dictatorship, and 1975, when Franco died and Prince Juan Carlos was crowned King of Spain.

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Fregattenkapitän

Fregattenkapitän, short: FKpt / in lists: FK, is the middle senior officer rank in the German Navy / armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr).

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French Navy

The French Navy (Marine Nationale), informally "La Royale", is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces.

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Frogman

A frogman is someone who is trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater in a tactical capacity that includes police or military work.

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G7e torpedo

The G7e or more appropriately the G7e/T2, G7e/T3, and G7e/T4 Falke torpedoes were, with the exception of the T4 model, the standard torpedoes for Germany during World War II.

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Günther Prien

Günther Prien (16 January 1908 – presumed 7 March 1941) was a German U-boat commander during World War II.

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Gdańsk

Gdańsk (Danzig) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast.

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General admiral

General admiral was a Danish, Dutch, German, Russian, Portuguese, Spanish and Swedish naval rank.

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Georg Lassen

Georg Lassen (12 May 1915 – 18 January 2012) was a German U-boat commander during World War II.

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German aircraft carrier I (1942)

The German aircraft carrier I was a planned conversion of the transport ship Europa during World War II.

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German Army (Wehrmacht)

The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular German Armed Forces, from 1935 until it was demobilized and later dissolved in August 1946.

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German battleship Bismarck

Bismarck was the first of two s built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

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German cruiser Admiral Graf Spee

Admiral Graf Spee was a "Panzerschiff" (armored ship), nicknamed a "pocket battleship" by the British, which served with the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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German cruiser Admiral Scheer

Admiral Scheer was a heavy cruiser (often termed a pocket battleship) which served with the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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German cruiser Karlsruhe

Karlsruhe was a light cruiser, the second member of the, and was operated between 1929 and April 1940, including service in World War II.

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German cruiser Königsberg

Königsberg was a German light cruiser that was operated between 1929 and April 1940, including service in World War II.

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German declaration of war against the United States

On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the United States declaration of war against the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany declared war against the United States, in response to what was claimed to be a series of provocations by the United States government when the US was still officially neutral during World War II.

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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German involvement in the Spanish Civil War

German involvement in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 commenced with the outbreak of war in July 1936, with Adolf Hitler immediately sending in powerful air and armored units to assist General Francisco Franco and his Nationalist forces.

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German Mine Sweeping Administration

The German Mine Sweeping Administration (GMSA) was an organisation formed by the Allies from former crews and vessels of the Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine for the purpose of mine sweeping after the Second World War, predominantly in the North Sea and Baltic Sea, which existed from June 1945 to January 1948.

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German Naval Grid System

German Naval Grid Reference, (German:Gradnetzmeldeverfahren), was a system for referencing a location on a map.

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German Navy

The German Navy (Deutsche Marine or simply Marine—) is the navy of Germany and part of the unified Bundeswehr ("Federal Defense"), the German Armed Forces.

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German re-armament

The German rearmament (Aufrüstung) was an era of rearmament in Germany during the interwar period (1918–1939), in violation of the Treaty of Versailles.

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German reunification

The German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR, colloquially East Germany; German: Deutsche Demokratische Republik/DDR) became part of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, colloquially West Germany; German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland/BRD) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz (constitution) Article 23.

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Gibraltar

Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Glossary of German military terms

This is a list of words, terms, concepts, and slogans that have been or are used by the German military.

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Gogland

Gogland or Hogland (Гогланд; Suursaari; Hogland, Suursaar, Hochland) is an island in the Gulf of Finland in the eastern Baltic Sea, about 180 km west from Saint Petersburg and 35 km from the coast of Finland (near Kotka).

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Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carrier

The Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carriers were four German Kriegsmarine aircraft carriers planned in the mid-1930s by Grand Admiral Erich Raeder as part of the Plan Z rearmament program after Germany and Great Britain signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement.

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Gulf of Finland

The Gulf of Finland (Suomenlahti; Soome laht; p; Finska viken) is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea.

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Gunboat

A gunboat is a naval watercraft designed for the express purpose of carrying one or more guns to bombard coastal targets, as opposed to those military craft designed for naval warfare, or for ferrying troops or supplies.

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H-class battleship proposals

The H class was a series of battleship designs for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, which were intended to fulfill the requirements of Plan Z in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

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Hans-Georg von Friedeburg

Hans-Georg von Friedeburg (15 July 1895 – 23 May 1945) was a German admiral, the deputy commander of the U-boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the last Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine.

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Heavy cruiser

The heavy cruiser was a type of cruiser, a naval warship designed for long range and high speed, armed generally with naval guns of roughly 203mm calibre (8 inches in caliber) of whose design parameters were dictated by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

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Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock

Fregattenkapitän Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock (11 December 1911 – 18 April 1986) was a submarine commander in the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Heinrich Liebe

Heinrich Liebe (29 January 1908 – 27 July 1997) was a German naval officer during World War II.

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Heinz-Wilhelm Eck

Heinz-Wilhelm Eck (27 March 1916 – 30 November 1945) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War, who was tried, convicted, condemned and executed postwar for ordering his crew to shoot the survivors of a Greek merchantman sunk by.

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Herbert Schultze

Herbert Emil Schultze (24 July 1909 – 3 June 1987), was a German U-boat (submarine) commander of the Kriegsmarine (the German navy in World War II).

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Human torpedo

Human torpedoes or manned torpedoes are a type of diver propulsion vehicle on which the diver rides, generally in a seated position behind a fairing.

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Ibiza

Ibiza (Eivissa) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea off the east coast of Spain.

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Imperial German Navy

The Imperial German Navy ("Imperial Navy") was the navy created at the time of the formation of the German Empire.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).

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Interservice rivalry

Interservice rivalry is the rivalry between different branches of a country's armed forces, in other words the competition for limited resources among a nation's land, naval, and air forces.

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Invasion of Normandy

The Western Allies of World War II launched the largest amphibious invasion in history when they assaulted Normandy, located on the northern coast of France, on 6 June 1944.

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Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign (Kampania wrześniowa) or the 1939 Defensive War (Wojna obronna 1939 roku), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign (Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II.

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Jade-class aircraft carrier

The Jade class comprised a pair of passenger ships intended to be converted into auxiliary aircraft carriers by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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Junkers Ju 87

The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka (from Sturzkampfflugzeug, "dive bomber") is a German dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft.

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K-Verband

The K-Verband (in English "small battle unit", derived from Kleinkampfverbände der Kriegsmarine "small battle units") was a World War II German naval unit that operated a mixture of midget submarines and explosive speed boats.

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Karl Dönitz

Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz (sometimes spelled Doenitz;; 16 September 1891 24 December 1980) was a German admiral who played a major role in the naval history of World War II.

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Karl-Friedrich Merten

Karl-Friedrich Merten (15 August 1905 – 2 May 1993) commanded the U-boat in Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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Kiel

Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 249,023 (2016).

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.

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Knight (chess)

The knight (♘ ♞) is a piece in the game of chess, representing a knight (armored cavalry).

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Korvettenkapitän

Korvettenkapitän, short: KKpt / in lists: KK, is the lowest senior officer rank in the German Navy / armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr).

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Kurzemes Vārds

Kurzemes Vārds (from "The Word of Kurzeme") is a Latvian regional newspaper published in Liepāja, Latvia.

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Lend-Lease

The Lend-Lease policy, formally titled An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, was an American program to defeat Germany, Japan and Italy by distributing food, oil, and materiel between 1941 and August 1945.

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Light cruiser

A light cruiser is a type of small- or medium-sized warship.

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List of Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross recipients of the Kriegsmarine

The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) and its variants were the highest awards in the military of the Third Reich.

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List of Kriegsmarine ships

The list of Kriegsmarine ships includes all ships commissioned into the Kriegsmarine, the navy of Nazi Germany, during its existence from 1935 to the conclusion of World War II in 1945.

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List of naval ships of Germany

The list of naval ships of Germany includes all naval ships which have been in service of the German Navy or its predecessors.

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List of World War II torpedoes of Germany

No description.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II.

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Mecklenburg

Mecklenburg (locally, Low German: Mękel(n)borg) is a historical region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the federal-state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Messerschmitt Bf 109

The Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German World War II fighter aircraft that was the backbone of the Luftwaffe's fighter force.

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Midget submarine

A midget submarine (also called a mini submarine) is any submarine under 150 tons, typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to 6 or 9, with little or no on-board living accommodation.

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Military branch

Military branch (also service branch or armed service) is according to common standard the subdivision of the national armed forces of a sovereign nation or state.

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Minelayer

Minelaying is the act of deploying explosive mines.

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Minesweeper

A minesweeper is a small naval warship designed to engage in minesweeping.

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Molch

The Molch (German language: "newt" or "salamander") was an unsuccessful series of one-man midget submarines created during World War II.

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Monsun Gruppe

The Gruppe Monsun or Monsoon Group was a force of German U-boats (submarines) that operated in the Pacific and Indian Oceans during World War II.

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Narvik

(Norwegian) or Áhkanjárga (Northern Sami) is the third-largest town and municipality in Nordland county, Norway by population.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries.

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Naval architecture

Naval architecture, or naval engineering, along with automotive engineering and aerospace engineering, is an engineering discipline branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures.

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Naval aviation

Naval aviation is the application of military air power by navies, whether from warships that embark aircraft, or land bases.

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Navy

A navy or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Nazism

National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.

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Neger

Neger (German for Negro) was a torpedo-carrying craft generally described as a human torpedo which could not submerge, but was difficult to see during night operations.

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Non-intervention in the Spanish Civil War

During the Spanish Civil War, several countries followed a principle of non-intervention, to avoid any potential escalation and possible expansion of the war to other nations, which would result in the signing of the Non-Intervention Agreement in August 1936 and the setting up of the Non-Intervention Committee, which first met in September.

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Norwegian Campaign

The Norwegian Campaign (9 April to 10 June 1940) was fought in Norway between Norway, the Allies and Germany in World War II after the latter's invasion of the country.

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Novaya Zemlya

Novaya Zemlya (p, lit. the new land), also known as Nova Zembla (especially in Dutch), is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in northern Russia and the extreme northeast of Europe, the easternmost point of Europe lying at Cape Flissingsky on the Northern island.

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Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll

The nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll program was a series of 23 nuclear devices detonated by the United States between 1946 and 1958 at seven test sites on the reef itself, on the sea, in the air and underwater.

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NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw

NV Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (Dutch: engineer-office for shipbuilding), usually contracted to IvS, was a Dutch dummy company set up by the Reichsmarineamt after World War I in order to maintain and develop German submarine know-how and to circumvent the limitations set by the Treaty of Versailles.

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Oberkommando der Marine

The Oberkommando der Marine (OKM) was Nazi Germany's Naval High Command and the highest administrative and command authority of the Kriegsmarine.

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Operation Berlin (Atlantic)

Operation Berlin was a successful commerce raid performed by the German battleships and between January and March 1941.

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Operation Catechism

Operation Catechism was the last of nine attempts to sink or sabotage the Kriegsmarine battleship during the Second World War.

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Operation Deadlight

Operation Deadlight was the code name for the Royal Navy operation to scuttle German U-boats surrendered to the Allies after the defeat of Germany near the end of World War II.

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Operation Doppelschlag

Operation Doppelschlag ("Double Blow") was the planned sortie in 1942 into the Arctic Ocean by warships of the Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (navy) during World War II.

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Operation Hannibal

Operation Hannibal was a German naval operation involving the evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from Courland, East Prussia, and the Polish Corridor from mid-January to May 1945 as the Red Army advanced during the East Prussian and East Pomeranian Offensives and subsidiary operations.

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Operation Juno

Operation Juno was a German naval offensive late in the Norwegian Campaign.

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Operation Neuland

Operation Neuland (New Land) was the Kriegsmarine code name for the extension of unrestricted submarine warfare into the Caribbean Sea during World War II.

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Operation Nordseetour

Operation Nordseetour was the first Atlantic sortie of the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper during December, 1940.

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Operation Ostfront

Operation Ostfront (German: "Eastern Front") was the sortie into the Arctic Ocean by the German battleship during World War II.

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Operation Rösselsprung (1942)

Rösselsprung was a plan by the German Kriegsmarine to intercept an arctic convoy in mid-1942.

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Operation Regenbogen (Arctic)

Operation Regenbogen (German: "Rainbow") was the sortie in 1942 into the Arctic Ocean by warships of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (navy) during World War II.

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Operation Rheinübung

Operation Rheinübung ("Exercise Rhine") was the sortie into the Atlantic by the new German battleship and heavy cruiser on 18–27 May 1941, during World War II.

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Operation Sea Lion

Operation Sea Lion, also written as Operation Sealion (Unternehmen Seelöwe), was Nazi Germany's code name for the plan for an invasion of the United Kingdom during the Battle of Britain in the Second World War.

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Operation Sportpalast

Operation Sportpalast (sports stadium) was the action by ''Tirpitz'' and its escorting destroyers against Arctic convoys PQ-12 and QP-8.

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Operation Tanne Ost

Operation Tanne Ost ("Fir East") was a German operation during World War II to capture the island Suursaari (Swedish: Hogland, Russian: Gogland) in the Gulf of Finland before it could fall into Soviet hands.

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Operation Weserübung

Operation Weserübung was the code name for Germany's assault on Denmark and Norway during the Second World War and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign.

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Operation Wikinger

Operation Wikinger (Viking) was a sortie into the North Sea by German World War II destroyers (1st Destroyer Flotilla) of the Kriegsmarine, in February 1940.

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Operation Wunderland

Operation Wunderland (German: Unternehmen Wunderland) was a large-scale operation undertaken in summer 1942 by the Kriegsmarine in the waters of the Northern Sea Route close to the Arctic Ocean.

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Operation Zitronella

Operation Zitronella (Lemon Flavour), also known as Operation Sizilien (Sicily), was an eight-hour German raid on Spitzbergen on 8 September 1943.

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Oran

Oran (وَهران, Wahrān; Berber language: ⵡⴻⵂⵔⴰⵏ, Wehran) is a major coastal city located in the north-west of Algeria.

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Oropesa del Mar

Oropesa del Mar (Valencian: Orpesa; Oropesa del Mar) is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of Plana Alta in the Valencian Community, Spain.

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Oscarsborg Fortress

Oscarsborg Fortress (Oscarsborg festning) is a coastal fortress in the Oslofjord, close to the small town of Drøbak.

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Oslofjord

The Oslofjord (Oslo Fjord) is an inlet in the south-east of Norway, stretching from an imaginary line between the Torbjørnskjær and Færder lighthouses and down to Langesund in the south to Oslo in the north.

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Otto Kretschmer

Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 – 5 August 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine.

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P-class cruiser

The P class was a planned group of twelve heavy cruisers of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine; they were the successor to the s. Design work began in 1937 and continued until 1939; at least twenty designs were submitted with nine of them being considered.

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Plan Z

Plan Z was the name given to the planned re-equipment and expansion of the Kriegsmarine (German navy) ordered by Adolf Hitler in early 1939.

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Platoon

A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two or more squads/sections/patrols.

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Polish Navy

The Polish Navy (Marynarka Wojenna, "War Navy") is a military branch of the Polish Armed Forces responsible for naval operations.

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Pomerania

Pomerania (Pomorze; German, Low German and North Germanic languages: Pommern; Kashubian: Pòmòrskô) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.

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Pre-dreadnought battleship

Pre-dreadnought battleships were sea-going battleships built between the mid- to late 1880s and 1905, before the launch of.

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President of Germany (1919–1945)

The Reichspräsident was the German head of state under the Weimar constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945.

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Protected cruiser

The protected cruiser is a type of naval cruiser of the late 19th century, so known because its armoured deck offered protection for vital machine spaces from fragments caused by exploding shells above.

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Radar

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.

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Río de la Plata

The Río de la Plata ("river of silver") — rendered River Plate in British English and the Commonwealth and La Plata River (occasionally Plata River) in other English-speaking countries — is the estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay and the Paraná rivers.

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Reconnaissance aircraft

A reconnaissance aircraft is a military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Regia Marina

The Royal Navy (Italian: Regia Marina) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946.

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Regiment

A regiment is a military unit.

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Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia

The Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreussen) was a Nazi German province created on 8 October 1939 from annexed territory of the Free City of Danzig, the Greater Pomeranian Voivodship (Polish Corridor), and the ''Regierungsbezirk'' West Prussia of Gau East Prussia.

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Reichsmarine

The Reichsmarine (Navy of the Realm) was the name of the German Navy during the Weimar Republic and first two years of Nazi Germany.

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Rhine

--> The Rhine (Rhenus, Rein, Rhein, le Rhin,, Italiano: Reno, Rijn) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the German Rhineland and the Netherlands and eventually empties into the North Sea.

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Royal Australian Navy

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Royal Norwegian Navy

The Royal Norwegian Navy (Norwegian: Sjøforsvaret, "the naval defence (forces)") is the branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for naval operations of the state of Norway.

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Scapa Flow

Scapa Flow viewed from its eastern end in June 2009 Scapa Flow is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, sheltered by the islands of Mainland, Graemsay, Burray,S.

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Schleswig-Holstein

Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig.

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Schutzpolizei (Nazi Germany)

The Schutzpolizei des Reiches was the State (Reich) protection police of Nazi Germany, a branch of the Ordnungspolizei.

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Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes;; literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Second Happy Time

The Second Happy Time, also known among German submarine commanders as the American shooting season, was the informal name for a phase in the Battle of the Atlantic during which Axis submarines attacked merchant shipping and Allied naval vessels along the east coast of North America.

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Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic (República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Segunda República Española), was the democratic government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

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Seehund

The Seehund (German: "seal"), also known as Type XXVII, was a successful series of German midget submarines created during World War II.

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Seetakt

Seetakt was a shipborne radar developed in the 1930s and used by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.

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SMS Preussen (1903)

SMS Preussen was the fourth of five pre-dreadnought battleships of the, built for the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy).

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Sonar

Sonar (originally an acronym for SOund Navigation And Ranging) is a technique that uses sound propagation (usually underwater, as in submarine navigation) to navigate, communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water, such as other vessels.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spanish Armada

The Spanish Armada (Grande y Felicísima Armada, literally "Great and Most Fortunate Navy") was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in late May 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Spanish Republican Air Force

The Spanish Republican Air Force was the air arm of the Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic, the legally established government of Spain between 1931 and 1939.

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Squadron (naval)

A squadron, or naval squadron, is a significant group of warships which is nonetheless considered too small to be designated a fleet.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Submarine snorkel

A submarine snorkel is a device which allows a submarine to operate submerged while still taking in air from above the surface.

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Szczecin

Szczecin (German and Swedish Stettin), known also by other alternative names) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of June 2011, the population was 407,811. Szczecin is located on the Oder, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin is adjacent to the town of Police and is the urban centre of the Szczecin agglomeration, an extended metropolitan area that includes communities in the German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city's recorded history began in the 8th century as a Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of the Ducal castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, the Duchy of Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the House of Griffins established themselves as local rulers and the population was Christianized. After the Treaty of Stettin in 1630, the town came under the control of the Swedish Empire and became in 1648 the Capital of Swedish Pomerania until 1720, when it was acquired by the Kingdom of Prussia and then the German Empire. Following World War II Stettin became part of Poland, resulting in expulsion of the German population. Szczecin is the administrative and industrial centre of West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the site of the University of Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical University, Maritime University, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Art Academy, and the see of the Szczecin-Kamień Catholic Archdiocese. From 1999 onwards, Szczecin has served as the site of the headquarters of NATO's Multinational Corps Northeast. Szczecin was a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2016.

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Torpedo boat

A torpedo boat is a relatively small and fast naval ship designed to carry torpedoes into battle.

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Torpedo bomber

A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes.

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Torpedo tube

A torpedo tube is a cylinder shaped device for launching torpedoes.

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Travemünde

Travemünde is a borough of Lübeck, Germany, located at the mouth of the river Trave in Lübeck Bay.

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.

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Type IX submarine

The Type IX U-boat was designed by Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine in 1935 and 1936 as a large ocean-going submarine for sustained operations far from the home support facilities.

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Type VII submarine

Type VII U-boats were the most common type of German World War II U-boat.

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Type X submarine

Type X (XB) U-boats were a special type of German submarine (U-boat).

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Type XIV submarine

The Type XIV U-boat was a modification of the Type IXD, designed to resupply other U-boats, being the only Submarine tenders built which were not surface ships.

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Type XXI submarine

Type XXI U-boats were a class of German diesel-electric Elektroboot (German: "electric boat") submarines designed during the Second World War.

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Type XXIII submarine

German Type XXIII submarines were the first so-called elektroboats to become operational.

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U-boat

U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot, a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat".

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Coast Guard Academy

The United States Coast Guard Academy (USCGA) is the service academy of the United States Coast Guard, founded in 1876 and located in New London, Connecticut.

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United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.

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USCGC Eagle (WIX-327)

USCGC Eagle (WIX-327), formerly the Horst Wessel and also known as the Barque Eagle, is a barque used as a training cutter for future officers of the United States Coast Guard.

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Viktor Schütze

Viktor Schütze (16 February 1906 – 23 September 1950), was a German U-boat commander during World War II.

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Volksmarine

The Volksmarine (VM,; People's Navy), was the official designation of the naval forces of East Germany.

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Vorpostenboot

Vorpostenboot (plural Vorpostenboote), also referred to as VP-Boats, flakships or outpost boats, were German patrol boats which served during both World Wars.

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Washington Naval Treaty

The Washington Naval Treaty, also known as the Five-Power Treaty, the Four-Power Treaty, and the Nine-Power Treaty, was a treaty signed during 1922 among the major nations that had won World War I, which agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.

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Weser

The Weser is a river in Northwestern Germany.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990.

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Wing (military aviation unit)

In military aviation, a wing is a unit of command.

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Wolfgang Lüth

Wolfgang Lüth (15 October 1913 – 14 May 1945) was the second most successful German U-boat ace of World War II.

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Wolfpack (naval tactic)

The term wolfpack refers to the mass-attack tactics against convoys used by German U-boats of the Kriegsmarine during the Battle of the Atlantic, and by submarines of the United States Navy against Japanese shipping in the Pacific Ocean in World War II.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yellow badge

Yellow badges (or yellow patches), also referred to as Jewish badges (Judenstern, lit. Jewry star), are badges that Jews and Christians were ordered to sew on their outer garments to mark them as Jews and Christians in public at certain times in certain countries, serving as a badge of shame.

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Redirects here:

German Navy in World War II, German War Navy, Nazi Navy, Wehrmacht Navy.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kriegsmarine

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