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Leadership

Index Leadership

Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. [1]

175 relations: Accountability, Adaptive performance, Administrative Science Quarterly, Anarchism, Anjana Ahuja, Aristocracy, Authentic leadership, Autocracy, B. F. Skinner, Behavior modification, Bonobo, Bystander effect, Caesaropapism, Career, Cecil Rhodes, Charisma, Chimpanzee, Civic virtue, Coercion, Communication and Leadership During Change, Confucianism, Conscientiousness, Consideration and Initiating Structure, Creativity, Critical thinking, Criticism, Crowd psychology, Dale Peterson, David McClelland, Deception, Demonic Males, Dictator, Dictatorship, Dictatorship of the proletariat, Diffusion of responsibility, Dispositional affect, Divine right of kings, Domain knowledge, Donald Markwell, Eastern world, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Emotion, Emotional contagion, Empathy, Employeeship, Expectancy theory, Extraversion and introversion, Führerprinzip, Feedback, ..., Feminism, Fiedler contingency model, Followership, Francis Galton, Fred Fiedler, Gene, Goal, Great man theory, Group affective tone, Group cohesiveness, Group decision-making, Hadley Cantril, Herbert Spencer, High-performance teams, Hippie, Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, Ingenuity, Ingroups and outgroups, Intelligence, James MacGregor Burns, Jane Mouton, Jay Lorsch, Job performance, Joseph Stalin, Karl Marx, Karl Popper, Kurt Lewin, Laissez-faire, Leaderism, Leadership, Leadership (journal), Leadership school, Leadership studies, Legal instrument, Leninism, Living wage, Management, Mark van Vugt, Matriarchy, Mentorship, Meritocracy, Meta-analysis, Michael C. Jensen, MIT Sloan Management Review, Modes of leadership, Monarchy, Moral responsibility, Multiteam system, Napoleon, Narcissistic leadership, Narrative, Nature versus nurture, Nicomachean Ethics, Noam Chomsky, North American Society of Adlerian Psychology, Openness to experience, Organization, Organizational communication, Oxford English Dictionary, Parallel Lives, Pater familias, Paternalism, Path–goal theory, Patriarchy, Peer support, Performance, Personnel psychology, Philippe-Joseph Salazar, Philosopher king, Pol Pot, Politics, Potentate, Power (social and political), Praise, Professional development, Project management, Psychological manipulation, Realistic job preview, Reinforcement, Reinforcement theory, Republic (Plato), Rhodes Scholarship, Richard Wrangham, Robert Hariman, Robert R. Blake, Sanskrit, Self-efficacy, Servant leadership, Shared leadership, Situational leadership theory, Skill, Social influence, Social norm, Social science, Stewardship, Strategy, Structure, Subject-matter expert, Sun Tzu, Task (project management), Taxonomy (general), Team, Territory (animal), The Journal of Social Psychology, The Prince, Theological virtues, Thomas Carlyle, Three levels of leadership model, Toxic leader, Trait leadership, Trait theory, Transaction Publishers, Transactional leadership, University of Oxford, Validity, Value (ethics), Vanguardism, Victor Vroom, Vroom–Yetton decision model, Werner Erhard, Western culture, Western world, Wether, Workers' self-management, World War II. Expand index (125 more) »

Accountability

In ethics and governance, accountability is answerability, blameworthiness, liability, and the expectation of account-giving.

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Adaptive performance

Adaptive performance in the work environment refers to adjusting to and understanding change in the workplace.

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Administrative Science Quarterly

Administrative Science Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of organizational studies.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.

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Anjana Ahuja

Anjana Ahuja (अंजना आहूजा) is a British Indian science journalist and a former columnist for The Times.

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Aristocracy

Aristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, from ἄριστος aristos "excellent", and κράτος kratos "power") is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.

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Authentic leadership

Authentic leadership is an approach to leadership that emphasizes building the leader’s legitimacy through honest relationships with followers which value their input and are built on an ethical foundation.

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Autocracy

An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).

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B. F. Skinner

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), commonly known as B. F. Skinner, was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.

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Behavior modification

Behavior modification refers to behavior-change procedures that were employed during the 1970s and early 1980s.

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Bonobo

The bonobo (Pan paniscus), formerly called the pygmy chimpanzee and less often, the dwarf or gracile chimpanzee, is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan; the other is Pan troglodytes, or the common chimpanzee.

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Bystander effect

The bystander effect, or bystander apathy, is a social psychological phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

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Caesaropapism

Caesaropapism is the idea of combining the power of secular government with the religious power, or of making secular authority superior to the spiritual authority of the Church; especially concerning the connection of the Church with government.

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Career

A career is an individual's metaphorical "journey" through learning, work and other aspects of life.

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Cecil Rhodes

Cecil John Rhodes PC (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was a British businessman, mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896.

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Charisma

The term charisma (pl. charismata, adj. charismatic) has two senses.

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Chimpanzee

The taxonomical genus Pan (often referred to as chimpanzees or chimps) consists of two extant species: the common chimpanzee and the bonobo.

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Civic virtue

Civic virtue is the cultivation of habits important for the success of the community.

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Coercion

Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to act in an involuntary manner by use of threats or force.

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Communication and Leadership During Change

The goal of leader development is "the expansion of the person's capacity to be effective in leadership roles and processes." The two central elements to this are.

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Confucianism

Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.

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Conscientiousness

Conscientiousness is the personality trait of being careful, or vigilant.

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Consideration and Initiating Structure

Consideration and Initiating Structure are two dimensions of leader behavior identified in 1945 as a result of the Ohio State Leadership Studies.

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Creativity

Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed.

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Critical thinking

Critical thinking is the objective analysis of facts to form a judgment.

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Criticism

Criticism is the practice of judging the merits and faults of something.

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Crowd psychology

Crowd psychology, also known as mob psychology, is a branch of social psychology.

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Dale Peterson

Dale Peterson (born November 20, 1944) is an American author who writes about scientific and natural history subjects.

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David McClelland

David Clarence McClelland (May 20, 1917 – March 27, 1998) was an American psychologist, noted for his work on motivation Need Theory.

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Deception

Deception is the act of propagating a belief that is not true, or is not the whole truth (as in half-truths or omission).

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Demonic Males

Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence is a 1997 book by Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson examining the evolutionary factors leading to human male violence.

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Dictator

A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power.

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Dictatorship

A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of government, characterized by a single leader or group of leaders with either no party or a weak party, little mass mobilization, and limited political pluralism.

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Dictatorship of the proletariat

In Marxist sociopolitical thought, the dictatorship of the proletariat refers to a state in which the proletariat, or the working class, has control of political power.

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Diffusion of responsibility

Diffusion of responsibility is a sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present.

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Dispositional affect

Dispositional affect, similar to mood, is a personality trait or overall tendency to respond to situations in stable, predictable ways.

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Divine right of kings

The divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandate is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy.

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Domain knowledge

Domain knowledge is knowledge of a specific, specialized discipline or field, in contrast to general knowledge, or domain-independent knowledge.

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Donald Markwell

For the Montgomery, Alabama, talk radio personality, see Don Markwell Donald John "Don" Markwell (born 19 April 1959) is an Australian social scientist, who has been described as a "renowned Australian educational reformer".

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Eastern world

The term Eastern world refers very broadly to the various cultures or social structures and philosophical systems, depending on the context, most often including at least part of Asia or geographically the countries and cultures east of Europe, specifically in historical (pre-modern) contexts, and in modern times in the context of Orientalism.

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Effectiveness

Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability to produce desired output.

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Efficiency

Efficiency is the (often measurable) ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time in doing something or in producing a desired result.

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Emotion

Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.

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Emotional contagion

Emotional contagion is the phenomenon of having one person's emotions and related behaviors directly trigger similar emotions and behaviors in other people.

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Empathy

Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within their frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position.

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Employeeship

Employeeship (or Medarbetarskap in Swedish) is an approach to developing a culture of ownership and responsibility in an organisation.

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Expectancy theory

Expectancy theory (or expectancy theory of motivation) proposes an individual will behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be.

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Extraversion and introversion

The trait of extraversion–introversion is a central dimension of human personality theories.

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Führerprinzip

The Führerprinzip (German for "leader principle") prescribed the fundamental basis of political authority in the governmental structures of the Third Reich.

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Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

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Feminism

Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes.

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Fiedler contingency model

The contingency model by business and management psychologist Fred Fiedler is a contingency theory concerned with the effectiveness of a leader in an organization.

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Followership

Followership is the actions of someone in a subordinate role.

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Francis Galton

Sir Francis Galton, FRS (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was an English Victorian era statistician, progressive, polymath, sociologist, psychologist, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, and psychometrician.

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Fred Fiedler

Fred Edward Fiedler (July 13, 1922 - June 8, 2017) was one of the leading researchers in industrial and organizational psychology of the 20th century.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Goal

A goal is an idea of the future or desired result that a person or a group of people envisions, plans and commits to achieve.

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Great man theory

The great man theory is a 19th-century idea according to which history can be largely explained by the impact of great men, or heroes; highly influential individuals who, due to either their personal charisma, intelligence, wisdom, or political skill used their power in a way that had a decisive historical impact.

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Group affective tone

Group affective tone represents the consistent or homogeneous affective reactions within a group.

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Group cohesiveness

Group cohesiveness (also called group cohesion and social cohesion) arises when bonds link members of a social group to one another and to the group as a whole.

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Group decision-making

Group decision-making (also known as collaborative decision-making) is a situation faced when individuals collectively make a choice from the alternatives before them.

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Hadley Cantril

Albert Hadley Cantril, Jr. (16 June 1906 – 28 May 1969) was a Princeton University psychologist who expanded the scope of the field.

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Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era.

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High-performance teams

High-performance teams (HPTs) is a concept within organization development referring to teams, organizations, or virtual groups that are highly focused on their goals and that achieve superior business results.

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Hippie

A hippie (sometimes spelled hippy) is a member of a counterculture, originally a youth movement that began in the United States during the mid-1960s and spread to other countries around the world.

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Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

Vice Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronté, (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy.

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Ingenuity

Ingenuity is the quality of being clever, original, and inventive, often in the process of applying ideas to solve problems or meet challenges.

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Ingroups and outgroups

In sociology and social psychology, an ingroup is a social group to which a person psychologically identifies as being a member.

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Intelligence

Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.

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James MacGregor Burns

James MacGregor Burns (August 3, 1918 in Melrose, MA – July 15, 2014 in Williamstown, MA) was an American historian and political scientist, presidential biographer, and authority on leadership studies.

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Jane Mouton

Jane Srygley Mouton (April 15, 1930 in Port Arthur, Texas – December 7, 1987) was an American management theorist, remembered in particular for developing the Managerial grid model with Robert R. Blake.

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Jay Lorsch

Jay William Lorsch (born 1932) is an American organizational theorist and the Louis Kirstein Professor of Human Relations at the Harvard Business School, known for his contribution of contingency theory to the field of organizational behavior.

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Job performance

Job performance assesses whether a person performs a job well.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Karl Marx

Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.

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Karl Popper

Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian-British philosopher and professor.

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Kurt Lewin

Kurt Lewin (September 9, 1890 – February 12, 1947) was a German-American psychologist, known as one of the modern pioneers of social, organizational, and applied psychology in the United States.

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Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire (from) is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies.

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Leaderism

The Russian political term leaderism (вождизм, vozhdism) means "a policy directed at the affirmation/confirmation of one person in the role of an indisputable or infallible leader".

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Leadership

Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to "lead" or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations.

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Leadership (journal)

Leadership is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of management studies.

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Leadership school

A leadership school is an organization, or entity within an organization, that provides education that focuses on the development of leaders.

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Leadership studies

Leadership studies is a multidisciplinary academic field of study that focuses on leadership in organizational contexts and in human life.

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Legal instrument

Legal instrument is a legal term of art that is used for any formally executed written document that can be formally attributed to its author, records and formally expresses a legally enforceable act, process, or contractual duty, obligation, or right, and therefore evidences that act, process, or agreement.

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Leninism

Leninism is the political theory for the organisation of a revolutionary vanguard party and the achievement of a dictatorship of the proletariat as political prelude to the establishment of socialism.

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Living wage

A living wage is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs.

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Management

Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body.

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Mark van Vugt

Mark van Vugt (born 9 May 1967, Amsterdam) is a Netherlands evolutionary psychologist who holds a professorship in evolutionary psychology and work and organizational psychology at the VU University (Vrije Universiteit) Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

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Matriarchy

Matriarchy is a social system in which females (most notably in mammals) hold the primary power positions in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property at the specific exclusion of males - at least to a large degree.

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Mentorship

Mentorship is a relationship in which a more experienced or more knowledgeable person helps to guide a less experienced or less knowledgeable person.

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Meritocracy

Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος "strength, power") is a political philosophy which holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender or wealth.

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Meta-analysis

A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.

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Michael C. Jensen

Michael Cole "Mike" Jensen (born November 30, 1939), an American economist, works in the area of financial economics.

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MIT Sloan Management Review

MIT Sloan Management Review leads the discourse among academic researchers, business executives and other influential thought leaders about advances in management practice that are transforming how people lead and innovate.

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Modes of leadership

David Wilkinson described four modes of leadership in his 2006 book, The Ambiguity Advantage.

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Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, generally a family representing a dynasty (aristocracy), embodies the country's national identity and its head, the monarch, exercises the role of sovereignty.

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Moral responsibility

In philosophy, moral responsibility is the status of morally deserving praise, blame, reward, or punishment for an act or omission, in accordance with one's moral obligations.

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Multiteam system

Multiteam systems (MTSs) are "wo or more teams that interface directly and interdependently in response to environmental contingencies toward the accomplishment of collective goals.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Narcissistic leadership

Narcissistic leadership is a leadership style in which the leader is only interested in him/herself.

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Narrative

A narrative or story is a report of connected events, real or imaginary, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, or still or moving images, or both.

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Nature versus nurture

The nature versus nurture debate involves whether human behaviour is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes.

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Nicomachean Ethics

The Nicomachean Ethics (Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.

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Noam Chomsky

Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic and political activist.

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North American Society of Adlerian Psychology

The North American Society of Adlerian Psychology (NASAP) is the primary organization in the United States for the promotion of the psychological and philosophical theories of Alfred Adler, known as individual psychology.

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Openness to experience

Openness to experience is one of the domains which are used to describe human personality in the Five Factor Model.

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Organization

An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.

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Organizational communication

In communication studies, organizational communication is the study of communication within organizations.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.

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Parallel Lives

Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, commonly called Parallel Lives or Plutarch's Lives, is a series of biographies of famous men, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings, probably written at the beginning of the second century AD.

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Pater familias

The pater familias, also written as paterfamilias (plural patres familias), was the head of a Roman family.

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Paternalism

Paternalism is action limiting a person's or group's liberty or autonomy which is intended to promote their own good.

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Path–goal theory

The path–goal theory, also known as the path–goal theory of leader effectiveness or the path–goal model, is a leadership theory developed by Robert House, an Ohio State University graduate, in 1971 and revised in 1996.

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Patriarchy

Patriarchy is a social system in which males hold primary power and predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, social privilege and control of property.

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Peer support

Peer support occurs when people provide knowledge, experience, emotional, social or practical help to each other.

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Performance

Performance is completion of a task with application of knowledge, skills and abilities.

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Personnel psychology

Personnel Psychology is a subfield of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.

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Philippe-Joseph Salazar

Philippe-Joseph Salazar, a French rhetorician and philosopher, was born on February 10, 1955 in Casablanca, then part of French Morocco.

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Philosopher king

According to Plato, a philosopher king is a ruler who possesses both a love of knowledge, as well as intelligence, reliability, and a willingness to live a simple life.

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Pol Pot

Pol Pot (ប៉ុល ពត; 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998) was a Cambodian revolutionary and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea from 1976 to 1979.

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Politics

Politics (from Politiká, meaning "affairs of the cities") is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group.

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Potentate

A potentate (from the Latin potens, "powerful') is a person with potent, sometimes supreme, power.

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Power (social and political)

In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people.

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Praise

Praise is a form of social interaction expressing recognition, reassurance or admiration.

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Professional development

Professional development is learning to earn or maintain professional credentials such as academic degrees to formal coursework, attending conferences, and informal learning opportunities situated in practice.

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Project management

Project management is the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.

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Psychological manipulation

Psychological manipulation is a type of social influence that aims to change the behavior or perception of others through abusive, deceptive, or underhanded tactics.

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Realistic job preview

Realistic job preview (RJP) is a tool companies and organizations use as a way to communicate the good and the bad characteristics of the job during the hiring process of new employees, or as a tool to reestablish job specificity for existing employees.

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Reinforcement

In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus.

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Reinforcement theory

Reinforcement theory is a limited effects media model applicable within the realm of communication.

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Republic (Plato)

The Republic (Πολιτεία, Politeia; Latin: Res Publica) is a Socratic dialogue, written by Plato around 380 BC, concerning justice (δικαιοσύνη), the order and character of the just, city-state, and the just man.

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Rhodes Scholarship

The Rhodes Scholarship, named after the Anglo-South African mining magnate and politician Cecil John Rhodes, is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford.

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Richard Wrangham

Richard Walter Wrangham (born 1948) is a British primatologist.

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Robert Hariman

Robert Hariman (born June 17, 1951) is an American scholar of rhetoric and public culture.

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Robert R. Blake

Robert R. Blake (January 21, 1918 – June 20, 2004) was an American management theoretician.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy is an individual’s belief in his or her innate ability to achieve goals.

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Servant leadership

Servant leadership is a leadership philosophy.

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Shared leadership

Shared leadership is a leadership style that broadly distributes leadership responsibility, such that people within a team and organization lead each other.

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Situational leadership theory

Situational leadership theory, or the situational leadership model, is a model by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard, developed while working on Management of Organizational Behavior.

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Skill

A skill is the ability to carry out a task with determined results often within a given amount of time, energy, or both.

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Social influence

Social influence occurs when a person's emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others.

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Social norm

From a sociological perspective, social norms are informal understandings that govern the behavior of members of a society.

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Social science

Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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Stewardship

Stewardship is an ethic that embodies the responsible planning and management of resources.

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Strategy

Strategy (from Greek στρατηγία stratēgia, "art of troop leader; office of general, command, generalship") is a high-level plan to achieve one or more goals under conditions of uncertainty.

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Structure

Structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized.

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Subject-matter expert

A subject-matter expert (SME) or domain expert is a person who is an authority in a particular area or topic.

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Sun Tzu

Sun Tzu (also rendered as Sun Zi; 孫子) was a Chinese general, military strategist, writer, and philosopher who lived in the Eastern Zhou period of ancient China.

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Task (project management)

In project management, a task is an activity that needs to be accomplished within a defined period of time or by a deadline to work towards work-related goals.

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Taxonomy (general)

Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification.

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Team

A team is a group of individuals working together to achieve a goal.

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Territory (animal)

In ethology, territory is the sociographical area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against conspecifics (or, occasionally, animals of other species).

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The Journal of Social Psychology

The Journal of Social Psychology is a bimonthly academic journal covering social psychology published by Routledge, who acquired it from Heldref Publications in 2009.

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The Prince

The Prince (Il Principe) is a 16th-century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli.

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Theological virtues

Theological virtues are virtues associated in Christian theology and philosophy with salvation resulting from the grace of God.

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Thomas Carlyle

Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, translator, historian, mathematician, and teacher.

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Three levels of leadership model

The Three Levels of Leadership is a leadership model formulated in 2011 by James Scouller.

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Toxic leader

A toxic leader is a person who has responsibility over a group of people or an organization, and who abuses the leader–follower relationship by leaving the group or organization in a worse condition than when they first found them.

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Trait leadership

Trait leadership is defined as integrated patterns of personal characteristics that reflect a range of individual differences and foster consistent leader effectiveness across a variety of group and organizational situations (Zaccaro, Kemp, & Bader, 2004).

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Trait theory

In psychology, trait theory (also called dispositional theory) is an approach to the study of human personality.

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Transaction Publishers

Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey–based publishing house that specialized in social science books.

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Transactional leadership

Transactional leadership is a style of leadership that focuses on supervision, organization, and performance; transactional leadership is a style of leadership in which leaders promote compliance by followers through both rewards and punishments.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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Validity

In logic, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false.

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Value (ethics)

In ethics, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining what actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions.

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Vanguardism

In the context of the theory of Marxist–Leninist revolutionary struggle, vanguardism is a strategy whereby the most class-conscious and politically advanced sections of the proletariat or working class, described as the revolutionary vanguard, form organizations in order to draw larger sections of the working class towards revolutionary politics and serve as manifestations of proletarian political power against its class enemies.

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Victor Vroom

Victor Harold Vroom (born August 9, 1932, in Montreal, Canada) is a business school professor at the Yale School of Management.

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Vroom–Yetton decision model

The Vroom–Yetton contingency model is a situational leadership theory of industrial and organizational psychology developed by Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Phillip Yetton (1973) and later with Arthur Jago (1988).

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Werner Erhard

Werner Hans Erhard (born John Paul Rosenberg; September 5, 1935) is an American author and lecturer known for founding "est", which operated from 1971 to 1983.

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Western culture

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

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Western world

The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.

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Wether

Wether may refer to.

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Workers' self-management

Self-management or workers' self-management (also referred to as labor management, autogestión, workers' control, industrial democracy, democratic management and producer cooperatives) is a form of organizational management based on self-directed work processes on the part of an organization's workforce.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Co-leadership, Group leadership, Leader, Leader ship, Leader theory, Leaders, Leadership Performance, Leadership position, Leadership qualities, Leadership skills, Leadership theory, Leaderships, Theory of the leader, Types of leadership.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership

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