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Louis I of Hungary

Index Louis I of Hungary

Louis I, also Louis the Great (Nagy Lajos; Ludovik Veliki; Ľudovít Veľký) or Louis the Hungarian (Ludwik Węgierski; 5 March 132610 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370. [1]

335 relations: Adriatic Sea, Agafia of Rus, Albert I, Duke of Bavaria, Albert II, Duke of Austria, Albert IV, Count of Habsburg, Aldona of Lithuania, Algirdas, Ancona, Andrew Lackfi, Andrew, Duke of Calabria, Anna of Poland, Countess of Celje, Antipope Clement VII, Antonio Bonfini, Aquileia, Astrology, Aurochs, Aversa, Šibenik, Balkans, Baltic Sea, Ban (title), Banate of Bosnia, Banate of Macsó, Banate of Severin, Barletta, Basarab I of Wallachia, Battle of Maritsa, Béla IV of Hungary, Beatrice of Provence, Belz, Bernabò Visconti, Black Death, Black Sea, Blanche of Valois, Bogdan I of Moldavia, Bolesław the Pious, Bologna, Brașov, Bratislava, Brest, Belarus, Brno, Brown bear, Buda, Bulgaria, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Cadet branch, Canonization, Canosa di Puglia, Capetian dynasty, Capetian House of Anjou, ..., Capua, Caransebeș, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Carpathian Mountains, Casimir I of Kuyavia, Casimir I of Opole, Casimir III the Great, Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania, Castel Nuovo, Castelfranco Veneto, Catherine of Hungary (1370–1378), Catholic Church, Catholic religious order, Charles I of Anjou, Charles I of Hungary, Charles II of Naples, Charles III of Naples, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles Martel of Anjou, Charles, Duke of Durazzo, Chełm, Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon Pictum, Clemence of Austria, College of Cardinals, Congress of Kraków, Counties of Hungary (before 1920), County of Apulia and Calabria, Croatia in union with Hungary, Csanád Telegdi, Cumans, Cutaneous condition, Dalmatia, Danube, Decree of Turda, Demetrius of Esztergom, Diósgyőr, Diet (assembly), Diet of Hungary, Dispensation (canon law), Divisions of the Carpathians, Dobrzyń Land, Dragoș, Voivode of Moldavia, Drugeth family, Ducat, Duchy of Austria, Duchy of Łęczyca, Duchy of Masovia, Duchy of Sieradz, Duke of Transylvania, Durrës, Elizabeth of Bosnia, Elizabeth of Kuyavia, Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary, Elizabeth the Cuman, Emperor of the Serbs, Escheat, Euphrosyne of Opole, Fee tail, Fogaras County, Ford (crossing), Francesco I da Carrara, Francesco II Ordelaffi, Franciscans, Gertrude of Hohenberg, Gniezno, Golden Bull of 1222, Golden Horde, Gothic architecture, Greater Poland, Greatness, Gyula Kristó, High, middle and low justice, History of the Jews in Hungary, Holy Crown of Hungary, Holy See, House of Baux, House of Habsburg, House of Sanseverino, House of Wittelsbach, Hungarian nobility, Hungarian occupation of Vidin, Ialomița (river), Immovable property, Ivan Nelipić, Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria, Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria, Jadwiga (wife of Władysław Odonic), Jadwiga of Kalisz, Jadwiga of Poland, Jan Długosz, Jan of Czarnków, Jani Beg, Jelena Nemanjić Šubić, Joanna I of Naples, John of Bohemia, John of Küküllő, John V Palaiologos, John Van Antwerp Fine Jr., Judge royal, Kęstutis, King of Hungary, King of Ruthenia, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Naples, Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385), Klis, Knin, Konrad I of Masovia, Kraków, Krbava, Kuyavia, Kvarner Gulf, L'Aquila, Lackfi family, Ladder, Lazar of Serbia, Leprosy, Lesser Poland, List of Byzantine emperors, List of monarchs of Naples, List of Polish monarchs, List of Princes of Capua, List of Princes of Salerno, List of rulers of Croatia, List of rulers of Lithuania, List of rulers of Wallachia, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Lithuanians, Louis I of Naples, Louis of Toulouse, Louis, Count of Gravina, Maramureș, Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary, Margraviate of Moravia, Maria Laskarina, Maria of Calabria, Marseille, Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples, Mary, Queen of Hungary, Master of the treasury, Matteo Villani, Meinhard III, Count of Gorizia-Tyrol, Mladen III Šubić, Moat, Modena, Moldavia, Moldova River, Monte Sant'Angelo, Murad I, Niccolò Acciaioli, Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia, Nicholas I Garai, Nicholas Kont, Nicolaus of Luxemburg, Nitra, Northern Crusades, Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit, Ottoman Turks, Palatine of Hungary, Pannonhalma Archabbey, Papal consistory, Papal legate, Papal primacy, Papal States, Patriarchate of Aquileia, Paul of Thebes, Pécs, Personal property, Perugia, Peter I of Cyprus, Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, Philip II, Prince of Taranto, Piast dynasty, Plague (disease), Podolia, Pogrom, Polish Crown Jewels, Pomerania, Pope, Pope Clement VI, Pope Gregory XI, Pope Innocent VI, Pope Urban V, Pope Urban VI, Prague, Prefection, Privilege of Koszyce, Prohibited degree of kinship, Queen mother, Radu I of Wallachia, Raphael Patai, Rastislalić noble family, Rebaptism, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Ragusa, Republic of Venice, Robert, King of Naples, Robert, Prince of Taranto, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toulouse, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb, Roman Catholic Diocese of Nitra, Romania, Romanians, Romantic nationalism, Rome, Royal free city, Royal prerogative, Rudolf I of Germany, Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Rupert I, Elector Palatine, Sava, Sándor Petőfi, Second Bulgarian Empire, Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Serbia, Serbian Empire, Serbian Orthodox Church, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Sile (river), Sokolac, Southern Italy, Spiš, Split, Croatia, Srebrenica, Stefan Dušan, Stefan Uroš V, Stephen I Lackfi, Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia, Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria, Stephen of Anjou, Stephen V of Hungary, Stillbirth, Székelys, Székesfehérvár, Székesfehérvár Basilica, Szlachta, Tatars, Temes County, Teutonic Order, Theater (warfare), Theology, Thomas Szécsényi, Timișoara, Transylvanian Saxons, Treaty of Turin (1381), Treaty of Zadar, Trenčín, Trentola Ducenta, Treviso, Trnava, Trogir, Tsardom of Vidin, Tvrtko I of Bosnia, Udine, Uherské Hradiště, Urbino, Verona, Vidin, Vilnius, Viola, Duchess of Opole, Visegrád, Vladislaus II of Opole, Vladislav I of Wallachia, Voivode, Voivode of Transylvania, Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Wallachia, War of Chioggia, Wawel Cathedral, Władysław I the Elbow-high, Władysław Odonic, Władysław the White, Western Schism, Will and testament, William II, Count of Hainaut, Wrocław, Yolanda of Poland, Zachlumia, Zadar, Záh (gens), Zólyom County, Zürich. Expand index (285 more) »

Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula.

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Agafia of Rus

Agafia Svyatoslavna of Rus (born between 1190 and 1195 – after 31 August 1247/2 June 1248) was Princess of Mazovia by her marriage and was a member of the Rurikid dynasty.

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Albert I, Duke of Bavaria

Albert I, Duke of Bavaria (Albrecht; 25 July 1336, Munich – 13 December 1404, The Hague) KG, was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries.

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Albert II, Duke of Austria

Albert II (12 December 1298 – 16 August 1358), known as the Wise or the Lame, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1330, as well as Duke of Carinthia from 1335 until his death.

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Albert IV, Count of Habsburg

Albert IV (or Albert the Wise) (ca. 1188 – December 13, 1239) was Count of Habsburg in the Aargau and a progenitor of the royal House of Habsburg.

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Aldona of Lithuania

Aldona (baptized Ona or Anna; her pagan name, Aldona, is known only from the writings of Maciej Stryjkowski; – 26 May 1339) was Queen consort of Poland (1333–1339), and a princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

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Algirdas

Algirdas (Альгерд, Ольгерд, Olgierd; – May 1377) was a ruler of medieval Lithuania.

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Ancona

Ancona ((elbow)) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997.

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Andrew Lackfi

Andrew Lackfi (Lackfi András; 1310October 1359) was an influential nobleman and a successful military leader in the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Andrew, Duke of Calabria

Andrew, Duke of Calabria (30 October 1327 – 18 September 1345) was the first husband of Joanna I of Naples, and a son of Charles I of Hungary and brother of Louis I of Hungary.

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Anna of Poland, Countess of Celje

Anna of Poland (1366–1425) was countess consort of Celje (Cilli), a medieval Slovenian feudal state within the HRE, and an influential woman in politics of Poland.

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Antipope Clement VII

Robert of Geneva (Robert de Genève) (1342 – 16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as Clement VII (Clément VII) by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France.

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Antonio Bonfini

Antonio Bonfini (Latin variant: Antonius Bonfinius) (1434–1503) was an Italian humanist and poet who spent the last years of his career as a court historian in Hungary with King Matthias Corvinus.

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Aquileia

Aquileia (Acuilee/Aquilee/Aquilea;bilingual name of Aquileja - Oglej in: Venetian: Aquiłeja/Aquiłegia; Aglar/Agley/Aquileja; Oglej) is an ancient Roman city in Italy, at the head of the Adriatic at the edge of the lagoons, about from the sea, on the river Natiso (modern Natisone), the course of which has changed somewhat since Roman times.

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Astrology

Astrology is the study of the movements and relative positions of celestial objects as a means for divining information about human affairs and terrestrial events.

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Aurochs

The aurochs (or; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (Bos primigenius), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

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Aversa

Aversa is a city and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania, southern Italy, about north of Naples.

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Šibenik

Šibenik (Sebenico) is a historic city in Croatia, located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea.

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Balkans

The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.

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Ban (title)

Ban was a noble title used in several states in Central and Southeastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.

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Banate of Bosnia

The Banate of Bosnia (Bosanska banovina, banovina Bosna/Босанска бановина, бановина Босна) was a medieval state based in what is today Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Banate of Macsó

The Banate of Macsó or the Banate of Mačva was an administrative division (banate) of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which was located in the present-day Mačva region of Serbia.

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Banate of Severin

The Banate of Severin or Banate of Szörény (szörényi bánság; Banatul Severinului; Banatus Zewrinensis; Северинско банство., Severinsko banstvo; Северинска бановина, Severinska banovina) was a political, military and administrative unit with a special role in initially anti-Bulgarian, latterly anti-Ottoman defensive system of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.

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Barletta

Barletta is a city, comune and capoluogo together with Andria and Trani of Apulia, in south eastern Italy.

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Basarab I of Wallachia

Basarab I, also known as Basarab the Founder (Basarab Întemeietorul), was a voivode, and later the first independent ruler of Wallachia who lived in the first half of the.

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Battle of Maritsa

The Battle of Maritsa, or Battle of Chernomen (Маричка битка, бој код Черномена, Битката при Марица, битката при Черномен, Çirmen Muharebesi, İkinci Meriç Muharebesi in tr. Second Battle of Maritsa) took place at the Maritsa River near the village of Chernomen (today Ormenio in Greece) on September 26, 1371 between the forces of Ottoman commanders Lala Shahin Pasha and Evrenos and Serbian commanders King Vukašin Mrnjavčević and his brother Despot Jovan Uglješa who also wanted to get revenge after the First Battle of Maritsa.

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Béla IV of Hungary

Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258.

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Beatrice of Provence

Beatrice of Provence (c. 122923 September 1267), was ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until her death, as well as Countess of Anjou and Maine, Queen of Sicily and Naples by marriage to Charles I of Naples.

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Belz

Belz (Белз; Bełz ; בעלז &thinsp) is a small city in Sokal Raion of Lviv Oblast (region) of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Rzeczyca stream.

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Bernabò Visconti

Bernabò or Barnabò Visconti (1323 – 19 December 1385) was an Italian soldier and statesman, who was Lord of Milan.

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Black Death

The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.

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Blanche of Valois

Blanche of Valois (baptised Marguerite; 1317–1348) was a Queen consort of Germany and Bohemia by her marriage to King and later Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV.

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Bogdan I of Moldavia

Bogdan I, or Bogdan the Founder (Bogdan Întemeietorul), was the first independent ruler, or voivode, of Moldavia in the 1360s.

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Bolesław the Pious

Bolesław the Pious (Bolesław Pobożny) (1224/27 – 14 April 1279) was a Duke of Greater Poland during 1239–1247 (according to some historians during 1239–1241 sole Duke of Ujście), Duke of Kalisz during 1247–1249, Duke of Gniezno during 1249–1250, Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz during 1253–1257, Duke of whole Greater Poland and Poznań during 1257–1273, in 1261 ruler over Ląd, regent of the Duchies of Mazovia, Płock and Czersk during 1262–1264, ruler over Bydgoszcz during 1268–1273, Duke of Inowrocław during 1271–1273, and Duke of Gniezno-Kalisz from 1273 until his death.

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.

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Brașov

Brașov (Corona, Kronstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen, Brassó) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County.

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Bratislava

Bratislava (Preßburg or Pressburg, Pozsony) is the capital of Slovakia.

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Brest, Belarus

Brest (Брэст There is also the name "Berestye", but it is found only in the Old Russian language and Tarashkevich., Брест Brest, Берестя Berestia, בריסק Brisk), formerly Brest-Litoŭsk (Брэст-Лiтоўск) (Brest-on-the-Bug), is a city (population 340,141 in 2016) in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish city of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet.

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Brno

Brno (Brünn) is the second largest city in the Czech Republic by population and area, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia.

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Brown bear

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a bear that is found across much of northern Eurasia and North America.

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Buda

Buda was the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Hungary and since 1873 has been the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest, on the west bank of the Danube.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.

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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS, in Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките, Balgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated БАН) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869.

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Cadet branch

In history and heraldry, a cadet branch consists of the male-line descendants of a monarch or patriarch's younger sons (cadets).

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Canonization

Canonization is the act by which a Christian church declares that a person who has died was a saint, upon which declaration the person is included in the "canon", or list, of recognized saints.

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Canosa di Puglia

Canosa di Puglia, generally known simply as Canosa (Apulian: Canaus), is a town and comune in Apulia in southern Italy, between Bari and Foggia, located in the province of Barletta-Andria-Trani.

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Capetian dynasty

The Capetian dynasty, also known as the House of France, is a dynasty of Frankish origin, founded by Hugh Capet.

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Capetian House of Anjou

The Capetian House of Anjou was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty.

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Capua

Capua is a city and comune in the province of Caserta, Campania, southern Italy, situated north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain.

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Caransebeș

Caransebeș (Karansebesch; Karánsebes, Hungarian pronunciation:; Karansebeş) is a city in Caraș-Severin County, part of the Banat region in southwestern Romania.

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Cardinal (Catholic Church)

A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, considered a Prince of the Church, and usually an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.

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Casimir I of Kuyavia

Casimir I of Kuyavia (Kazimierz I kujawski) (c. 1211 – 14 December 1267), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast, Duke of Kujawy since 1233, ruler over Ląd during 1239-1261, ruler over Wyszogród since 1242, Duke of Sieradz during 1247-1261, Duke of Łęczyca since 1247 and Duke of Dobrzyń since 1248.

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Casimir I of Opole

Casimir I of Opole (Kazimierz I opolski; – 13 May 1230), a member of the Piast dynasty, was a Silesian duke of Opole and Racibórz from 1211 until his death.

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Casimir III the Great

Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.

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Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania

Casimir IV (Kazimierz IV or Kaźko Słupski, 3-486-55840-4 or Kasimir V) (1351 – 2 January 1377) was a duke of Pomerania in Pomerania-Stolp since 1374.

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Castel Nuovo

Castel Nuovo (Italian: "New Castle"), often called Maschio Angioino (Italian: "Angevin Keep"), is a medieval castle located in front of Piazza Municipio and the city hall (Palazzo San Giacomo) in central Naples, Italy.

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Castelfranco Veneto

Castelfranco Veneto (Casteło) is a town and comune of Veneto, northern Italy, in the province of Treviso, by rail from the town of Treviso.

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Catherine of Hungary (1370–1378)

Catherine of Hungary (Katalin, Katarzyna; July 1370 – May 1378), a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, was heir presumptive to the thrones of Hungary and Poland as eldest child of King Louis the Great and his second wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Catholic religious order

Catholic religious order is a religious order of the Catholic Church.

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Charles I of Anjou

Charles I (early 1226/12277 January 1285), commonly called Charles of Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou.

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Charles I of Hungary

Charles I, also known as Charles Robert (Károly Róbert; Karlo Robert; Karol Róbert; 128816 July 1342) was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1308 to his death.

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Charles II of Naples

Charles II, also known as Charles the Lame (Charles le Boiteux; Carlo lo Zoppo; 1254 – 5 May 1309), was King of Naples, Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1285–1309), Prince of Achaea (1285–1289), and Count of Anjou and Maine (1285–1290); he also styled himself King of Albania and claimed the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1285.

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Charles III of Naples

Charles the Short or Charles of Durazzo (1345 – 24 February 1386) was King of Naples and titular King of Jerusalem from 1382 to 1386 as Charles III, and King of Hungary from 1385 to 1386 as Charles II.

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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles IV (Karel IV., Karl IV., Carolus IV; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378Karl IV. In: (1960): Geschichte in Gestalten (History in figures), vol. 2: F-K. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.

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Charles Martel of Anjou

Charles Martel (Martell Károly; 8 September 1271 – 12 August 1295) of the Angevin dynasty was the eldest son of king Charles II of Naples and Maria of Hungary,John V.A. Fine Jr., The Late Medieval Balkans, (The University of Michigan Press, 1994), 207.

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Charles, Duke of Durazzo

Charles of Durazzo (Carlo di Durazzo 1323 – 23 January 1348) was a Neapolitan nobleman, the eldest son of John, Duke of Durazzo and Agnes of Périgord.

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Chełm

Chełm (Kulm, Холм) is a city in eastern Poland with 63,949 inhabitants (2015).

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Chronica Hungarorum

Chronica Hungarorum (Chronicle of the Hungarians) is the title of several works treating the early Hungarian history.

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Chronicon Pictum

The Chronicon Pictum (Latin for illustrated chronicle, Illuminated Chronicle or Vienna Illuminated Chronicle, Képes Krónika also referred to as Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon (Hungariae) Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the second half of fourteenth century.

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Clemence of Austria

Clemence of Austria (1262 – February 1293, or 1295) was a daughter of King Rudolph I of Germany and Gertrude of Hohenberg.

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College of Cardinals

The College of Cardinals, formerly styled the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church.

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Congress of Kraków

The Congress of Kraków (Polish: Zjazd krakowski) was a meeting of monarchs initiated by King Casimir III the Great of Poland and held in Kraków (Cracow) around September 22–27, 1364.

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Counties of Hungary (before 1920)

A county (Hungarian: vármegye or megye; for the various names, their origin and use see here) is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day.

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County of Apulia and Calabria

The County of Apulia and Calabria, later the Duchy of Apulia and Calabria, was a Norman country founded by William of Hauteville in 1042 in the territories of Gargano, Capitanata, Apulia, Campania, and Vulture.

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Croatia in union with Hungary

The Kingdom of Croatia (Regnum Croatiae; Hrvatsko kraljevstvo or Kraljevina Hrvatska) entered a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary in 1102, after a period of rule of kings from the Trpimirović and Svetoslavić dynasties and a succession crisis following the death of king Demetrius Zvonimir.

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Csanád Telegdi

Csanád Telegdi (Telegdi Csanád; died 1349) was a Hungarian prelate in the first half of the 14th century.

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Cumans

The Cumans (Polovtsi) were a Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation.

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Cutaneous condition

A cutaneous condition is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system—the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, hair, nails, and related muscle and glands.

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Dalmatia

Dalmatia (Dalmacija; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia and Istria.

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Danube

The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.

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Decree of Turda

The Decree of Turda was a decree by Louis I Anjou of Hungary.

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Demetrius of Esztergom

Demetrius (Demeter; died 20 February 1387), was a Hungarian cardinal and politician, who served as archbishop of Esztergom and bishop of Zagreb and Transylvania, and chancellor.

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Diósgyőr

Diósgyőr is a historical town in Hungary, today it is a part of Miskolc.

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Diet (assembly)

In politics, a diet is a formal deliberative assembly.

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Diet of Hungary

The Diet of Hungary or originally: Parlamentum Publicum / Parlamentum Generale (Országgyűlés) became the supreme legislative institution in the medieval kingdom of Hungary from the 1290s, and in its successor states, Royal Hungary and the Habsburg kingdom of Hungary throughout the Early Modern period.

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Dispensation (canon law)

In the jurisprudence of canon law of the Catholic Church, a dispensation is the exemption from the immediate obligation of law in certain cases.

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Divisions of the Carpathians

Divisions of the Carpathians are categorization of the Carpathian mountains system.

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Dobrzyń Land

Dobrzyń Land (ziemia dobrzyńska) is a historic region, with the capital in the town of Dobrzyń nad Wisłą, in central-northern Poland, within the Greater Poland, between Mazovia and Prussia.

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Dragoș, Voivode of Moldavia

Dragoș, also known as Dragoș Vodă, or Dragoș the Founder was the first Voivode of Moldavia, who reigned in the middle of the, according to the earliest Moldavian chronicles.

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Drugeth family

The Drugeths were a noble family (of French origin) of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 14-17th centuries whose possessions were situated on the north-eastern parts of the kingdom.

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Ducat

The ducat was a gold or silver coin used as a trade coin in Europe from the later middle ages until as late as the 20th century.

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Duchy of Austria

The Duchy of Austria (Herzogtum Österreich) was a medieval principality of the Holy Roman Empire, established in 1156 by the Privilegium Minus, when the Margraviate of Austria (Ostarrîchi) was detached from Bavaria and elevated to a duchy in its own right.

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Duchy of Łęczyca

Duchy of Łęczyca (Księstwo łęczyckie) was one of the duchies of Poland.

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Duchy of Masovia

The Duchy of Masovia was a medieval duchy formed when the Polish Kingdom of the Piasts fragmented in 1138.

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Duchy of Sieradz

The Duchy of Sieradz (ducatus Siradiae, Księstwo Sieradzkie) was one of the territories created during the period of the fragmentation of Poland.

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Duke of Transylvania

The Duke of Transylvania (erdélyi herceg; dux Transylvaniae) was a title of nobility four times granted to a son or a brother of the Hungarian monarch.

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Durrës

Durrës (Durazzo,, historically known as Epidamnos and Dyrrachium, is the second most populous city of the Republic of Albania. The city is the capital of the surrounding Durrës County, one of 12 constituent counties of the country. By air, it is northwest of Sarandë, west of Tirana, south of Shkodër and east of Rome. Located on the Adriatic Sea, it is the country's most ancient and economic and historic center. Founded by Greek colonists from Corinth and Corfu under the name of Epidamnos (Επίδαμνος) around the 7th century BC, the city essentially developed to become significant as it became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor the Byzantine Empire. The Via Egnatia, the continuation of the Via Appia, started in the city and led across the interior of the Balkan Peninsula to Constantinople in the east. In the Middle Ages, it was contested between Bulgarian, Venetian and Ottoman dominions. Following the declaration of independence of Albania, the city served as the capital of the Principality of Albania for a short period of time. Subsequently, it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy and Nazi Germany in the interwar period. Moreover, the city experienced a strong expansion in its demography and economic activity during the Communism in Albania. Durrës is served by the Port of Durrës, one of the largest on the Adriatic Sea, which connects the city to Italy and other neighbouring countries. Its most considerable attraction is the Amphitheatre of Durrës that is included on the tentative list of Albania for designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Once having a capacity for 20,000 people, it is the largest amphitheatre in the Balkan Peninsula.

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Elizabeth of Bosnia

Elizabeth of Bosnia (– January 1387) was queen consort and later regent of Hungary and Croatia, as well as queen consort of Poland.

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Elizabeth of Kuyavia

Elizabeth of Kuyavia (Elżbieta, Elizabeta/Елизабета; 1315/20 – after 22 August 1345) was a Polish noblewoman of the House of Piast.

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Elizabeth of Poland, Queen of Hungary

Elizabeth of Poland (Polish: Elżbieta Łokietkówna) (1305 – 29 December 1380) was Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to Charles I of Hungary, and regent of Poland from 1370 to 1376 during the absence of her son Louis I of Hungary.

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Elizabeth the Cuman

Elizabeth the Cuman (1244-1290) was the Queen consort of Stephen V of Hungary.

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Emperor of the Serbs

Between 1345 and 1371, the Serbian monarch was titled emperor (tsar), the full title being Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks (цар Срба и Грка / car Srba i Grka) in Serbian and basileus and autokrator of Serbia and Romania (βασιλεὺς καὶ αὐτοκράτωρ Σερβίας καὶ Ῥωμανίας) in Greek.

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Escheat

Escheat is a common law doctrine that transfers the real property of a person who died without heirs to the Crown or state.

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Euphrosyne of Opole

Euphrosyne of Opole (Eufrozyna opolska, Фрося, Yefrosinia) (1228/30 – 4 November 1292) was a daughter of Casimir I of Opole and his wife Viola, Duchess of Opole.

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Fee tail

In English common law, fee tail or entail is a form of trust established by deed or settlement which restricts the sale or inheritance of an estate in real property and prevents the property from being sold, devised by will, or otherwise alienated by the tenant-in-possession, and instead causes it to pass automatically by operation of law to an heir pre-determined by the settlement deed.

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Fogaras County

Fogaras was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Ford (crossing)

A ford is a shallow place with good footing where a river or stream may be crossed by wading, or inside a vehicle getting its wheels wet.

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Francesco I da Carrara

Francesco I da Carrara (29 September 1325, Monza – 6 October 1393, Padua), called il Vecchio, was Lord of Padua from 1350 to 1388.

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Francesco II Ordelaffi

Francesco II Ordelaffi (c. 1300–1374), also known as Cecco II, was a lord of Forlì, the son of Sinibaldo Ordelaffi (died 1337, brother of Scarpetta and Francesco) and Orestina Calboli, and the grandson of Teobaldo I Ordelaffi.

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Franciscans

The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.

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Gertrude of Hohenberg

Gertrude Anne of Hohenberg (– 16 February 1281) was German queen from 1273 until her death, by her marriage with King Rudolf I of Germany.

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Gniezno

Gniezno (Gnesen) is a city in central-western Poland, about east of Poznań, with about 70,000 inhabitants.

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Golden Bull of 1222

The Golden Bull of 1222 was a golden bull, or edict, issued by King Andrew II of Hungary.

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Golden Horde

The Golden Horde (Алтан Орд, Altan Ord; Золотая Орда, Zolotaya Orda; Алтын Урда, Altın Urda) was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

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Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.

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Greater Poland

Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (Großpolen; Latin: Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland.

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Greatness

Greatness is a concept of a state of superiority affecting a person or object in a particular place or area.

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Gyula Kristó

Gyula Kristó (11 July 1939 – 24 January 2004) was a Hungarian historian and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

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High, middle and low justice

High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judiciary power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents.

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History of the Jews in Hungary

Jews have a long history in the country now known as Hungary, with some records even predating the AD 895 Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin by over 600 years.

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Holy Crown of Hungary

The Holy Crown of Hungary (Szent Korona, also known as the Crown of Saint Stephen) was the coronation crown used by the Kingdom of Hungary for most of its existence; kings have been crowned with it since the twelfth century.

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Holy See

The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.

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House of Baux

The House of Baux is a French noble family from the south of France.

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House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.

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House of Sanseverino

The House of Sanseverino (or San Severino) is an Italian noble family that was very prominent in the Kingdom of Naples.

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House of Wittelsbach

The House of Wittelsbach is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.

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Hungarian nobility

The Hungarian nobility consisted of a privileged group of people, most of whom owned landed property, in the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Hungarian occupation of Vidin

The Hungarian occupation of Vidin was a period in the history of the city and region of Vidin, today in northwestern Bulgaria, when it was called Banate of Bulgaria under the rule of King Louis I of Hungary from 1365 to 1369.

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Ialomița (river)

The Ialomița (râul Ialomița) is a river of Southern Romania.

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Immovable property

Immovable property is an immovable object, an item of property that cannot be moved without destroying or altering it – property that is fixed to the earth, such as land or a house.

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Ivan Nelipić

Ivan Nelipić (died 1344) was a local ruler and prince (knez) of Knin and Drniš and the region around the rivers Cetina, Čikola, Krka, and Zrmanja.

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Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria

Ivan Shishman (Иван Шишман) ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria in Tarnovo from 1371 to 3 June 1395.

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Ivan Sratsimir of Bulgaria

Ivan Sratsimir or Ivan Stratsimir (Иван Срацимир) was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria in Vidin from 1356 to 1396.

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Jadwiga (wife of Władysław Odonic)

Jadwiga; d. 29 December 1249), was by marriage Duchess consort of Greater Poland. Her parentage is disputed among historians and sources. Among the possible origins for Jadwiga include.

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Jadwiga of Kalisz

Jadwiga of Kalisz (Polish: Jadwiga Bolesławówna; 1266 – 10 December 1339) was a Queen of Poland by marriage to Władysław I the Elbow-high.

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Jadwiga of Poland

Jadwiga, also known as Hedwig (Hedvig; 1373/4 – 17 July 1399), was the first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland, reigning from 16 October 1384 until her death.

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Jan Długosz

Jan Długosz (1 December 1415 – 19 May 1480), also known as Ioannes, Joannes, or Johannes Longinus or Dlugossius, was a Polish priest, chronicler, diplomat, soldier, and secretary to Bishop Zbigniew Oleśnicki of Kraków.

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Jan of Czarnków

Jan(ko) of Czarnków (Jan(ko) z Czarnkowa) (ca. 1320–1387), of Nałęcz coat of arms, was a Polish chronicler, Deputy Chancellor of the Crown and Archdeacon of Gniezno.

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Jani Beg

Jani Beg (died 1357) also called Djanibek Khan was a khan of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Öz Beg Khan.

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Jelena Nemanjić Šubić

Jelena Šubić (Serbian Cyrillic: Јелена Шубић; Jelena Nemanjić Šubić (Јелена Немањић Шубић)) was the daughter of Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia and the half-sister of Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia.

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Joanna I of Naples

Joanna I (Italian: Giovanna I; March 1328 – 27 July 1382) was Queen of Naples and Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1343 until her death.

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John of Bohemia

John the Blind (Jang de Blannen; Johann der Blinde von Luxemburg; Jan Lucemburský; 10 August 1296 – 26 August 1346) was the Count of Luxembourg from 1309 and King of Bohemia from 1310 and titular King of Poland.

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John of Küküllő

John of Küküllő (13201393) was a Hungarian clergyman, royal official and historian.

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John V Palaiologos

John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Ίωάννης Ε' Παλαιολόγος, Iōannēs V Palaiologos; 18 June 1332 – 16 February 1391) was a Byzantine emperor, who succeeded his father in 1341 at age of eight.

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John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.

John V. A. Fine Jr. (born 1939) is an American historian and author.

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Judge royal

The judge royal, also justiciar, chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202.

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Kęstutis

Kęstutis (born ca. 1297, died on 3 August or 15 August 1382 in Kreva) was a ruler of medieval Lithuania.

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King of Hungary

The King of Hungary (magyar király) was the ruling head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 (or 1001) to 1918.

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King of Ruthenia

King of Ruthenia, King of Galicia and Volhynia, King of Poland and Ruthenia, Land of Ruthenia Lord and Heir (Latin: Rex Rusiae, Rex Galiciae et Lodomeriae, Rex Polonie et Russie, Terre Russie Domin et Heres) was a title of princes of Galicia and Volhynia, granted by the Pope.

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Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

The Kingdom or Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (Old East Slavic: Галицко-Волинскоє князство, Галицько-Волинське князівство, Regnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae), also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia (Old East Slavic: Королѣвство Русь, Королівство Русі, Regnum Russiae) since 1253, was a state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia, of present-day western Ukraine, which was formed after the conquest of Galicia by the Prince of Volhynia Roman the Great, with the help of Leszek the White of Poland.

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Kingdom of Hungary

The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).

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Kingdom of Naples

The Kingdom of Naples (Regnum Neapolitanum; Reino de Nápoles; Regno di Napoli) comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.

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Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)

The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the Polish state from the coronation of the first King Bolesław I the Brave in 1025 to the union with Lithuania and the rule of the Jagiellon dynasty in 1385.

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Klis

Klis (Klis, Clissa, Kilis) is a Croatian town located around a mountain fortress bearing the same name.

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Knin

Knin is a city in the Šibenik-Knin County of Croatia, located in the Dalmatian hinterland near the source of the river Krka, an important traffic junction on the rail and road routes between Zagreb and Split.

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Konrad I of Masovia

Konrad I of Masovia (Konrad I Mazowiecki) (ca. 1187/88 – 31 August 1247), from the Polish Piast dynasty, was the sixth Duke of Masovia and Kujawy from 1194 until his death as well as High Duke of Poland from 1229 to 1232 and again from 1241 to 1243.

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Kraków

Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Krbava

Krbava is a historical region located in Mountainous Croatia and a former Catholic bishopric (1185-1460), precursor of the diocese of Modruš an present Latin titular see.

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Kuyavia

Kuyavia (Kujawy, Kujawien, Cuiavia), also referred to as Cuyavia, is a historical region in north-central Poland, situated on the left bank of Vistula, as well as east from Noteć River and Lake Gopło.

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Kvarner Gulf

The Kvarner Gulf (or, Sinus Flanaticus or Liburnicus sinus), sometimes also Kvarner Bay, is a bay in the northern Adriatic Sea, located between the Istrian peninsula and the northern Croatian Littoral mainland.

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L'Aquila

L'Aquila (meaning "The Eagle") is a city and comune in Southern Italy, both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila.

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Lackfi family

The Lackfi, Laczkfi or Laczkfy (Lacković/Laczkovich) was a noble family from Kingdom of Hungary and Croatia, which governed parts of Transylvania (as Count of the Székelys) and held the title of Voivode of Transylvania in the 14th century.

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Ladder

A ladder is a vertical or inclined set of rungs or steps.

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Lazar of Serbia

Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović (Лазар Хребељановић; ca. 1329 – 15 June 1389) was a medieval Serbian ruler who created the largest and most powerful state on the territory of the disintegrated Serbian Empire.

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Leprosy

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis.

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Lesser Poland

Lesser Poland (Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is a historical region (dzielnica) of Poland; its capital is the city of Kraków.

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List of Byzantine emperors

This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.

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List of monarchs of Naples

In 1382, the Kingdom of Naples was heired by Charles III, King of Hungary, Great grandson of King Charles II of Naples After this, the House of Anjou of Naples was renamed House of Anjou-Durazzo, like Charles III married his first cousin Margaret of Durazzo, member of a prominent Neapolitan noble family.

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List of Polish monarchs

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (the 10th–14th century) or by kings (the 11th-18th century).

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List of Princes of Capua

This is a list of the rulers of the Principality of Capua.

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List of Princes of Salerno

This page is a list of the rulers of the Principality of Salerno.

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List of rulers of Croatia

The details of the arrival of the Croats are scarcely documented: c.626, Croats migrate from White Croatia (around what is now Galicia) at the invitation of Eastern Roman Emperor Heraclius.

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List of rulers of Lithuania

The following is a list of rulers over Lithuania—grand dukes, kings, and presidents—the heads of authority over historical Lithuanian territory.

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List of rulers of Wallachia

This is a list of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania.

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List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

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Lithuanians

Lithuanians (lietuviai, singular lietuvis/lietuvė) are a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,561,300 people.

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Louis I of Naples

Louis I (Italian: Luigi, Aloisio or "Ludovico"; 1320 – 26 May 1362), also known as Louis of Taranto, was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou who reigned as King of Naples, Count of Provence and Forcalquier, and Prince of Taranto.

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Louis of Toulouse

Saint Louis of Toulouse (9 February 1274 – 19 August 1297) was a Neapolitan prince of the Capetian House of Anjou and a Catholic bishop.

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Louis, Count of Gravina

Louis of Durazzo (1324 – 22 July 1362) was Count of Gravina and Morrone.

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Maramureș

Maramureș (Maramureș; Мармарощина, Marmaroshchyna) is a geographical, historical and cultural region in northern Romania and western Ukraine.

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Margaret of Bohemia, Queen of Hungary

Margaret of Bohemia (24 May 1335 – 1349, before October), also known as Margaret of Luxembourg, was a Queen consort of Hungary by her marriage to Louis I of Hungary.

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Margraviate of Moravia

The Margraviate of Moravia (Markrabství moravské; Markgrafschaft Mähren) or March of Moravia was a marcher state existing from 1182 to 1918 and one of the lands of the Bohemian Crown.

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Maria Laskarina

Maria Laskarina (c. 1206 – 16 July or 24 June 1270) was a Queen consort of Hungary by marriage to Béla IV of Hungary.

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Maria of Calabria

Maria of Calabria (6 May 1329 – 20 May 1366) was a Neapolitan princess of the Capetian House of Anjou whose descendants inherited the crown of Naples following the death of her older sister, Queen Joanna I.

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Marseille

Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.

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Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples

Mary of Hungary (c. 1257 – 25 March 1323), of the Árpád dynasty, was Queen consort of the Kingdom of Naples.

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Mary, Queen of Hungary

Mary, also known as Maria (137117 May 1395), reigned as Queen of Hungary and Croatia between 1382 and 1385, and from 1386 until her death.

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Master of the treasury

The master of the treasury or treasurerSegeš 2002, p. 316.

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Matteo Villani

Matteo Villani (1283-1363) was an Italian historian.

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Meinhard III, Count of Gorizia-Tyrol

Meinhard III (9 February 1344 – 13 January 1363), a member of the House of Wittelsbach, was Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count of Tyrol from 1361 until his death.

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Mladen III Šubić

Mladen III Šubić (Mladen III.) (1315 – Trogir, 1 May 1348) was a member of the Croatian Šubić noble family, who ruled from Klis Fortress.

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Moat

A moat is a deep, broad ditch, either dry or filled with water, that is dug and surrounds a castle, fortification, building or town, historically to provide it with a preliminary line of defence.

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Modena

Modena (Mutna; Mutina; Modenese: Mòdna) is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.

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Moldova River

The Moldova River is a river in Romania, in the historical region of Moldavia.

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Monte Sant'Angelo

Monte Sant'Angelo (Foggiano: Mónde) is a town and comune of Apulia, southern Italy, in the province of Foggia, on the southern slopes of Monte Gargano.

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Murad I

Murad I (مراد اول; I. (nicknamed Hüdavendigâr, from Persian: خداوندگار, Khodāvandgār, "the devotee of God" – but meaning "sovereign" in this context); 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1362 to 1389.

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Niccolò Acciaioli

Niccolò Acciaioli or Acciaiuoli (1310 – 8 November 1365) was an Italian noble, a member of the Florentine banking family of the Acciaioli.

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Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia

Nicholas Alexander (Nicolae Alexandru) was a Voivode of Wallachia (c. 1352 – November 1364), after having been co-ruler to his father Basarab I. In the year 1359, he founded the Eastern Orthodox Metropolis of Ungro-Wallachia.

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Nicholas I Garai

Nicholas I Garai (Garai I Miklós, Nikola I Gorjanski) (c. 132525 July 1386) was a most influential officeholder under king Louis I and queen Mary of Hungary.

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Nicholas Kont

Nicholas Kont of Orahovica (Orahovički, raholcai Kont Miklós; *? - † before April 16, 1367) was a Croato-Hungarian nobleman, very powerful and influential in the royal court of king Louis the Angevin, serving as Count palatine.

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Nicolaus of Luxemburg

Nicolaus of Luxemburg (1322 – 30 July 1358) was Patriarch of Aquileia from 1350 until 1358.

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Nitra

Nitra (also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra.

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Northern Crusades

The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were religious wars undertaken by Catholic Christian military orders and kingdoms, primarily against the pagan Baltic, Finnic and West Slavic peoples around the southern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, and to a lesser extent also against Orthodox Christian Slavs (East Slavs).

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Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit

The Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit (Ordo Fratrum Sancti Pauli Primi Eremitae, Red svetog Pavla prvog pustinjaka – pavlini, Řád paulínů, Pauliner, Szent Pál első remete szerzeteseinek rendje, Paulini – Zakon Świętego Pawła Pierwszego Pustelnika, Rád Svätého Pavla Prvého Pustovníka), known also simply as Pauline Fathers, is a monastic order of the Roman Catholic Church, founded in Hungary during the 13th century.

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Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks (or Osmanlı Turks, Osmanlı Türkleri) were the Turkish-speaking population of the Ottoman Empire who formed the base of the state's military and ruling classes.

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Palatine of Hungary

The Palatine of Hungary (Landespalatin, nádor, palatinus regni Hungarie, and nádvorný špán) was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary from the beginning of the 11th century to 1848.

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Pannonhalma Archabbey

The Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey or Territorial Abbey of Pannonhalma (lat. Archiabbatia or Abbatia Territorialis Sancti Martini in Monte Pannoniae) is a medieval building in Pannonhalma, one of the oldest historical monuments in Hungary.

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Papal consistory

In the Roman Catholic Church a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope.

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Papal legate

A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or Apostolic legate (from the Ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church.

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Papal primacy

Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, is an ecclesiastical doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees.

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Papal States

The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa,; Status Ecclesiasticus; also Dicio Pontificia), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870.

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Patriarchate of Aquileia

The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an episcopal see in northeastern Italy, centred on the ancient city of Aquileia situated at the head of the Adriatic, on what is now the Italian seacoast.

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Paul of Thebes

Paul of Thebes, commonly known as Paul or in Egyptian Arabic as Amba Bola, the First Hermit or Paul the Anchorite,; (d. c. 341) is regarded as the first Christian hermit; who lived alone in the desert from the age of sixteen to one hundred thirteen years of his age.

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Pécs

Pécs (known by alternative names) is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia.

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Personal property

Personal property is generally considered property that is movable, as opposed to real property or real estate.

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Perugia

Perugia (Perusia) is the capital city of both the region of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the river Tiber, and of the province of Perugia.

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Peter I of Cyprus

Peter I of Cyprus or Pierre I de Lusignan (9 October 1328 – 17 January 1369) was King of Cyprus and titular King of Jerusalem from his father's abdication on 24 November 1358 until his own death in 1369.

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Peter I, Duke of Bourbon

Peter I of Bourbon (1311 – 19 September 1356, Poitiers) was the second Duke of Bourbon, from 1342 to his death.

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Philip II, Prince of Taranto

Philip II of Taranto (1329 – 25 November 1374) of the Angevin house, was Prince of Achaea and Taranto, and titular Emperor of Constantinople (as Philip III) from 1364 to his death in 1374.

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Piast dynasty

The Piast dynasty was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland.

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Plague (disease)

Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Podolia

Podolia or Podilia (Подíлля, Podillja, Подо́лье, Podolʹje., Podolya, Podole, Podolien, Podolė) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria).

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Pogrom

The term pogrom has multiple meanings, ascribed most often to the deliberate persecution of an ethnic or religious group either approved or condoned by the local authorities.

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Polish Crown Jewels

The only surviving original piece of the Polish Crown Jewels from the time of the Piast dynasty is the ceremonial sword – Szczerbiec.

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Pomerania

Pomerania (Pomorze; German, Low German and North Germanic languages: Pommern; Kashubian: Pòmòrskô) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.

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Pope

The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Pope Clement VI

Clement VI (Clemens VI; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was Pope from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352.

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Pope Gregory XI

Pope Gregory XI (Gregorius; c. 1329 – 27 March 1378) was Pope from 30 December 1370 to his death in 1378.

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Pope Innocent VI

Pope Innocent VI (Innocentius VI; 1282 or 1295 – 12 September 1362), born Étienne Aubert, was Pope from 18 December 1352 to his death in 1362.

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Pope Urban V

Pope Urban V (Urbanus V; 1310 – 19 December 1370), born Guillaume de Grimoard, was Pope from 28 September 1362 to his death in 1370 and was also a member of the Order of Saint Benedict.

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Pope Urban VI

Urban VI (Urbanus VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 8 April 1378 to his death in 1389.

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Prague

Prague (Praha, Prag) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, the 14th largest city in the European Union and also the historical capital of Bohemia.

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Prefection

Prefection, also promotion of a daughter to a son (fiúsítás; praefectio in filium), was a royal prerogative in the Kingdom of Hungary, whereby the sovereign granted the status of a son to a nobleman's daughter, authorizing her to inherit her father's landed property.

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Privilege of Koszyce

The Privilege of Koszyce or Privilege of Kassa was a set of concessions made by Louis I of Hungary to the Polish szlachta (nobility) in 1374.

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Prohibited degree of kinship

In law, a prohibited degree of kinship refers to a degree of consanguinity (blood relatedness) between persons that results in certain actions between them becoming illegal.

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Queen mother

A queen mother is a dowager queen who is the mother of the reigning monarch (or an empress mother in the case of an empire).

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Radu I of Wallachia

Radu I was a Voivode of Wallachia, (c. 1377 – c. 1383).

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Raphael Patai

Raphael Patai (Hebrew רפאל פטאי) (November 22, 1910 − July 20, 1996), born Ervin György Patai, was a Hungarian-Jewish ethnographer, historian, Orientalist and anthropologist.

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Rastislalić noble family

Rastislalić (Растислалић) was a Serbian noble family that held lands in the Braničevo region of Serbia in the 14th century, initially under the Serbian crown and later under the Hungarian.

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Rebaptism

Rebaptism in Christianity is the baptism of a person who has previously been baptized, usually in association with a denomination that does not recognize the validity of the previous baptism.

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Republic of Genoa

The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna,; Res Publica Ianuensis; Repubblica di Genova) was an independent state from 1005 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast, incorporating Corsica from 1347 to 1768, and numerous other territories throughout the Mediterranean.

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Republic of Ragusa

The Republic of Ragusa was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian, German and Latin; Raguse in French) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) that carried that name from 1358 until 1808.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.

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Robert, King of Naples

Robert of Anjou (Roberto d'Angiò), known as Robert the Wise (Roberto il Saggio; 1275 – 20 January 1343), was King of Naples, titular King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1309 to 1343, the central figure of Italian politics of his time.

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Robert, Prince of Taranto

Robert II of Taranto (1319 or early winter 1326 – 10 September 1364Peter Lock, The Franks in the Aegean: 1204-1500, (Routledge, 1988), 129.), of the Angevin family, Prince of Taranto (1332–1346), King of Albania (1332–1364), Prince of Achaea (1333–1346), and titular Latin Emperor (1343/1346-1364).

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Esztergom-Budapest (Archidioecesis Strigoniensis–Budapestinensis) is the primatial seat of the Roman Catholic Church in Hungary and the Metropolitan of one of its four Latin rite ecclesiastical provinces.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toulouse

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toulouse (–Saint Bertrand de Comminges–Rieux) (Archidioecesis Tolosana (–Convenarum–Rivensis); French: Archidiocèse de Toulouse (–Saint-Bertrand de Comminges–Rieux-Volvestre); Occitan: Archidiocèsi de Tolosa (–Sent Bertran de Comenge–Rius (Volvèstre))) is an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb (Zagrebačka nadbiskupija, Archidioecesis Zagrebiensis) is the central archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Croatia, centered in the capital city Zagreb.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Nitra

The Diocese of Nitra (Nitrianska diecéza, Dioecesis Nitriensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese western Slovakia, with its seat in Nitra.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romanians

The Romanians (români or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Eastern Romance language which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of", page 108 sqq. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Eastern Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs in Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Romantic nationalism

Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Royal free city

Royal free city or free royal city was the official term for the most important cities in the Kingdom of Hungary from the 15th century until the early 20th century.

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Royal prerogative

The royal prerogative is a body of customary authority, privilege, and immunity, recognized in common law and, sometimes, in civil law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy, as belonging to the sovereign and which have become widely vested in the government.

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Rudolf I of Germany

Rudolf I, also known as Rudolf of Habsburg (Rudolf von Habsburg, Rudolf Habsburský; 1 May 1218 – 15 July 1291), was Count of Habsburg from about 1240 and the elected King of the Romans from 1273 until his death.

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Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria

Rudolf IV der Stifter ("the Founder") (1 November 1339 – 27 July 1365) was a scion of the House of Habsburg and Duke (self-proclaimed Archduke) of Austria and Duke of Styria and Carinthia from 1358, as well as Count of Tyrol from 1363 and first Duke of Carniola from 1364 until his death.

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Rupert I, Elector Palatine

Rupert I "the Red", Elector Palatine (9 June 1309, Wolfratshausen – 16 February 1390, Neustadt an der Weinstraße) was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1356, and Elector Palatine from 10 January 1356 to 16 February 1390.

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Sava

The Sava (Сава) is a river in Central and Southeastern Europe, a right tributary of the Danube.

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Sándor Petőfi

Sándor Petőfi (né Petrovics;LUCINDA MALLOWS,, Bradt Travel Guides, 2008, p. 7Sándor Petőfi, George Szirtes,, Hesperus Press, 2004, p. 1 Alexander Petrovič; Александар Петровић; 1 January 1823 – most likely 31 July 1849) was a Hungarian poet and liberal revolutionary.

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Second Bulgarian Empire

The Second Bulgarian Empire (Второ българско царство, Vtorо Bălgarskо Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396.

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Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The general sejm (sejm walny, also translated as the full or ordinary sejm) was the bicameral parliament of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Serbia

Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.

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Serbian Empire

The Serbian Empire (Српско царство/Srpsko carstvo) is a historiographical term for the empire in the Balkan peninsula that emerged from the medieval Serbian Kingdom.

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Serbian Orthodox Church

The Serbian Orthodox Church (Српска православна црква / Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches.

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Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 in Nuremberg – 9 December 1437 in Znaim, Moravia) was Prince-elector of Brandenburg from 1378 until 1388 and from 1411 until 1415, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1411, King of Bohemia from 1419, King of Italy from 1431, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last male member of the House of Luxembourg.

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Sile (river)

The Sile (Venetian: Sil) is a 95 km river in northern Italy.

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Sokolac

Sokolac (Соколац) is a municipality of the city of Istočno Sarajevo located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Southern Italy

Southern Italy or Mezzogiorno (literally "midday") is a macroregion of Italy traditionally encompassing the territories of the former Kingdom of the two Sicilies (all the southern section of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily), with the frequent addition of the island of Sardinia.

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Spiš

Spiš (Latin: Cips/Zepus/Scepus, Zips, Szepesség, Spisz) is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Poland (14 villages).

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Split, Croatia

Split (see other names) is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia. It lies on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea and is spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings. An intraregional transport hub and popular tourist destination, the city is linked to the Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula. Home to Diocletian's Palace, built for the Roman emperor in 305 CE, the city was founded as the Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) in the 3rd or 2nd century BC. It became a prominent settlement around 650 CE when it succeeded the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, Salona. After the Sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs, the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by the Roman refugees. Split became a Byzantine city, to later gradually drift into the sphere of the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croatia, with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty. For much of the High and Late Middle Ages, Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city, caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and the King of Hungary for control over the Dalmatian cities. Venice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city, a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory. Its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699, and in 1797, as Venice fell to Napoleon, the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1805, the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and in 1806 it was included in the French Empire, becoming part of the Illyrian Provinces in 1809. After being occupied in 1813, it was eventually granted to the Austrian Empire following the Congress of Vienna, where the city remained a part of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia until the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and the formation of Yugoslavia. In World War II, the city was annexed by Italy, then liberated by the Partisans after the Italian capitulation in 1943. It was then re-occupied by Germany, which granted it to its puppet Independent State of Croatia. The city was liberated again by the Partisans in 1944, and was included in the post-war Socialist Yugoslavia, as part of its republic of Croatia. In 1991, Croatia seceded from Yugoslavia amid the Croatian War of Independence.

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Srebrenica

Srebrenica is a town and municipality located in the easternmost part of Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Stefan Dušan

Stefan Uroš IV Dušan (Стефан Урош IV Душан), known as Dušan the Mighty (Душан Силни/Dušan Silni; 1308 – 20 December 1355), was the King of Serbia from 8 September 1331 and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks from 16 April 1346 until his death.

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Stefan Uroš V

Saint Stefan Uroš V (Свети Стефан Урош V; 13362/4 December 1371), known in historiography as Uroš the Weak (Урош Нејаки/Uroš Nejaki), was the second Emperor (Tsar) of the Serbian Empire (1355–1371), and before that he was co-regent of his father Stefan Uroš IV Dušan ''Silni'' ("The Mighty") (1346-1355).

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Stephen I Lackfi

Stephen (I) Lackfi (Lackfi (I.) István, Stjepan I. Lacković; 13051353) was an influential nobleman and a successful military leader in the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Stephen II, Ban of Bosnia

Stephen II (Stjepan/Stefan, Стефан/Стјепан) was the Bosnian Ban from 1314, but in reality from 1322 to 1353 together with his brother, Vladislav Kotromanić in 1326–1353.

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Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria

Stephen II (1319 – 13 May 1375, Landshut; Stephan) was Duke of Bavaria from 1347 until his death.

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Stephen of Anjou

Stephen (István; 20 August 1332 – 9 August 1354) was a Hungarian royal prince of the Capetian House of Anjou.

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Stephen V of Hungary

Stephen V (V., Stjepan V., Štefan V; before 18 October 1239 – 6 August 1272, Csepel Island) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1270 and 1272, and Duke of Styria from 1258 to 1260.

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Stillbirth

Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 to 28 weeks of pregnancy.

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Székelys

The Székelys, sometimes also referred to as Szeklers (székelyek, Secui, Szekler, Siculi), are a subgroup of the Hungarian people living mostly in the Székely Land in Romania.

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Székesfehérvár

The city of Székesfehérvár, known colloquially as Fehérvár ("white castle") (located in central Hungary, is the ninth largest city of the country; regional capital of Central Transdanubia; and the centre of Fejér county and Székesfehérvár District. The area is an important rail and road junction between Lake Balaton and Lake Velence. Székesfehérvár, a royal residence (székhely), as capital of the Kingdom of Hungary, held a central role in the Middle Ages. As required by the Doctrine of the Holy Crown, the first kings of Hungary were crowned and buried here. Significant trade routes led to the Balkans and Italy, and to Buda and Vienna. Historically the city has come under Turkish, German and Russian control and the city is known by translations of "white castle" in these languages: (Stuhlweißenburg; Столни Београд; İstolni Belgrad).

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Székesfehérvár Basilica

The Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was a basilica in Székesfehérvár, (in Latin: Alba Regia) Hungary.

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Szlachta

The szlachta (exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Samogitia (both after Union of Lublin became a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Zaporozhian Host.

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Tatars

The Tatars (татарлар, татары) are a Turkic-speaking peoples living mainly in Russia and other Post-Soviet countries.

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Temes County

County of Temes (Hungarian: Temes, Romanian: Timiș, Serbian: Тамиш or Tamiš, German: Temes or Temesch) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary.

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Teutonic Order

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.

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Theater (warfare)

In warfare, a theater or theatre (see spelling differences) is an area or place in which important military events occur or are progressing.

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Theology

Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.

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Thomas Szécsényi

Thomas (I) Szécsényi (Szécsényi (I.) Tamás; died 1354) was a Hungarian powerful baron and soldier, who rose to prominence during King Charles I's war against the oligarchs.

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Timișoara

Timișoara (Temeswar, also formerly Temeschburg or Temeschwar; Temesvár,; טעמשוואר; Темишвар / Temišvar; Banat Bulgarian: Timišvár; Temeşvar; Temešvár) is the capital city of Timiș County, and the main social, economic and cultural centre in western Romania.

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Transylvanian Saxons

The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen; Transylvanian Saxon: Siweberjer Såksen; Sași ardeleni, sași transilvăneni; Erdélyi szászok) are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen) from the mid 12th century until the late Modern Age (specifically mid 19th century).

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Treaty of Turin (1381)

The Peace of Turin of 1381, ended the War of Chioggia (1376–81), in which Venice, allied with Cyprus and Milan, had narrowly escaped capture by the forces of Genoa, Hungary, Austria, Padua and the Patriarchate of Aquileia.

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Treaty of Zadar

The Treaty of Zadar, also known as the Treaty of Zara, was a peace treaty signed in Zadar, Dalmatia on February 18, 1358 by which the Venetian Republic lost influence over its Dalmatian holdings.

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Trenčín

Trenčín (also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia of the central Váh River valley near the Czech border, around from Bratislava.

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Trentola Ducenta

Trentola Ducenta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Caserta in the Italian region Campania, located about northwest of Naples and about southwest of Caserta.

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Treviso

Treviso (Venetian: Trevixo) is a city and comune in the Veneto region of northern Italy.

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Trnava

Trnava (also known by other alternative names) is a city in western Slovakia, to the north-east of Bratislava, on the Trnávka river.

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Trogir

Trogir (Tragurium; Traù; Ancient Greek: Τραγύριον, Tragyrion or Τραγούριον, Tragourion Trogkir) is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 10,818 (2011) and a total municipality population of 13,260 (2011).

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Tsardom of Vidin

The Tsardom of Vidin (Видинско царство, Vidinsko Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state centred in the city of Vidin.

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Tvrtko I of Bosnia

Stephen Tvrtko I (Stjepan/Stefan Tvrtko, Стефан/Стјепан Твртко; 1338 – 10 March 1391) was the first King of Bosnia.

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Udine

Udine (Udin, Weiden in Friaul, Utinum, Videm) is a city and comune in northeastern Italy, in the middle of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic Sea and the Alps (Alpi Carniche).

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Uherské Hradiště

Uherské Hradiště (Ungarisch Hradisch, Magyarhradis) is a town in the Moravia, (Zlín Region) of the Czech Republic, located southwest of Zlín on the Morava River.

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Urbino

Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region of Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482.

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Verona

Verona (Venetian: Verona or Veròna) is a city on the Adige river in Veneto, Italy, with approximately 257,000 inhabitants and one of the seven provincial capitals of the region.

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Vidin

Vidin (Видин) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria.

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Vilnius

Vilnius (see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 574,221.

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Viola, Duchess of Opole

Viola, Duchess of Opole, also known as Veleslava (Венцислава), Wencisława-Wiola; (d. 7 September 1251) was a Duchess consort of Opole-Racibórz through her marriage to Casimir I.

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Visegrád

Visegrád is a small castle town in Pest County, Hungary.

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Vladislaus II of Opole

Vladislaus II of Opole (Władysław Opolczyk, Wladislaus von Oppeln, Oppelni László, Владислав Опольчик) (ca. 1332 – 18 May 1401) was a Duke of Opole from 1356 (as a Bohemian vassal), Count palatine of Hungary during 1367–1372, ruler over Lubliniec since 1368, Duke of Wieluń during 1370–1392, ruler over Bolesławiec from 1370 (only for his life), Governor of Galicia–Volhynia during 1372–1378, ruler over Pszczyna during 1375–1396, Count palatine of Poland in 1378, Duke of Dobrzyń and Kujawy during 1378–1392 (as a Polish vassal), ruler over Głogówek from 1383 and ruler over Krnov during 1385–1392.

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Vladislav I of Wallachia

Vladislav I (Владислав I Vladhyslao I) of the Basarab dynasty, also known as Vlaicu or Vlaicu-Vodă, was Voivode of Wallachia (a part of present-day Romania) (1364 – c. 1377).

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Voivode

VoivodeAlso spelled "voievod", "woiwode", "voivod", "voyvode", "vojvoda", or "woiwod" (Old Slavic, literally "war-leader" or "warlord") is an Eastern European title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force.

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Voivode of Transylvania

The Voivode of Transylvania (Vojwode von Siebenbürgen;Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 77. erdélyi vajda;Zsoldos 2011, p. 36. voivoda Transsylvaniae; voievodul Transilvaniei) was the highest-ranking official in Transylvania within the Kingdom of Hungary from the 12th century to the 16th century.

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Volodymyr-Volynskyi

Volodymyr-Volynskyi (Володимир-Волинський, Włodzimierz Wołyński, Влади́мир-Волы́нский, לודמיר, Lodomeria) is a small city located in Volyn Oblast, in north-western Ukraine.

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Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.

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War of Chioggia

The War of Chioggia (Guerra di Chioggia) was a conflict between Genoa and Venice which lasted from 1378 to 1381, from which Venice emerged triumphant.

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Wawel Cathedral

The Royal Archcathedral Basilica of Saints Stanislaus and Wenceslaus on the Wawel Hill (królewska bazylika archikatedralna śś.), also known as the Wawel Cathedral (katedra wawelska), is a Roman Catholic church located on Wawel Hill in Kraków, Poland.

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Władysław I the Elbow-high

Władysław I the Elbow-high or the Short (Władysław I Łokietek; c. 1260 – 2 March 1333) was the King of Poland from 1306 to 1333, and duke of several of the provinces and principalities in the preceding years.

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Władysław Odonic

Władysław (also named Włodzisław) Odonic (nicknamed Plwacz) (Władysław (Włodzisław) Odonic (Plwacz)) (– 5 June 1239) was a Duke of Kalisz 1207–1217, Duke of Poznań 1216–1217, ruler of Ujście in 1223, ruler of Nakło from 1225, and Duke of all Greater Poland 1229–1234; from 1234 until his death he was ruler over only the north and east of the Warta river (some historians believed that shortly before his death, he lost Ujście and Nakło).

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Władysław the White

Władysław (Włodko) the White or Władysław of Gniewkowo (Władysław (Włodko) Biały (Gniewkowski); ca. 1327/1333 – 29 February 1388), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast, Duke of Gniewkowo during 1347/1350–1363/1364 (his final and official resignation was in 1377) and last male representative of the Kujavian line.

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Western Schism

The Western Schism, also called Papal Schism, Great Occidental Schism and Schism of 1378, was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which two, since 1410 even three, men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope.

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Will and testament

A will or testament is a legal document by which a person, the testator, expresses their wishes as to how their property is to be distributed at death, and names one or more persons, the executor, to manage the estate until its final distribution.

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William II, Count of Hainaut

William II, Count of Hainaut (1307 – 26 September 1345) was William IV of Avesnes, William IV of Holland and William III of Zeeland from 1337 to his death, succeeding his father, William I. He married Joanna, Duchess of Brabant and Limburg in 1334, but had no issue.

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Wrocław

Wrocław (Breslau; Vratislav; Vratislavia) is the largest city in western Poland.

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Yolanda of Poland

Blessed Yolanda of Poland (also known as Helen; 1235 – 11 June 1298) was the daughter of King Béla IV of Hungary and Maria Laskarina.

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Zachlumia

Zachlumia or Zachumlia (Zahumlje / Захумље), also Hum, was a medieval principality located in the modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia (today parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia, respectively).

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Zadar

Zadar (see other names) is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city.

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Záh (gens)

Záh (Zaah or Zách) was the name of a gens (Latin for "clan"; nemzetség in Hungarian) in the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Zólyom County

Zólyom county (in Latin: comitatus Zoliensis, in Hungarian Zólyom (vár)megye, in Slovak Zvolenský komitát/ Zvolenská stolica/ Zvolenská župa, in German Sohler Gespanschaft/Komitat Sohl) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Zürich

Zürich or Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich.

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Redirects here:

King Louis I of Hungary, King Louis of Hungary, King Louis the Great of Hungary, King Luis of Poland, Lajos I of Hungary, Lajos Nagy, Lewis I of Hungary, Lewis of Hungary, Lewis the Great, Louis I (of Hungary and Poland), Louis I of Hungary and Poland, Louis I of Poland, Louis I the Great, Louis I the Great of Hungary, Louis of Hungary, Louis the Great, Louis the Great of Hungary, Ludwig of Hungary, Ludwik Wegierski, Ludwik Węgierski, Nagy Lajos.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_I_of_Hungary

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