Table of Contents
231 relations: Acetone, Acid, Acoustic dispersion, Actuator, Adhesive, Air separation, Alcoholic beverage, Amalgam (chemistry), Antimicrobial, Aqueous solution, Archimedes' principle, Argon, Atmospheric pressure, Bismuth, Blanching (cooking), Bleach, Body fluid, Boiling, Boiling point, Boltzmann equation, Bragg peak, Bragg's law, Brake, Bravais lattice, Bromine, Bubble (physics), Bulk modulus, Buoyancy, Caesium, Capillary action, Capillary wave, Carbon dioxide, Carbon tetrachloride, Cavitation, Chemical element, Classical limit, Classical mechanics, Collision, Colloid, Compressibility, Condensed matter physics, Confined liquid, Convection, Cooking, Crystallization, Crystallographic defect, Custard, Density, Derivative, Detergent, ... Expand index (181 more) »
- Liquids
- Viscosity
Acetone
Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula.
Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.
See Liquid and Acid
Acoustic dispersion
In acoustics, acoustic dispersion is the phenomenon of a sound wave separating into its component frequencies as it passes through a material.
See Liquid and Acoustic dispersion
Actuator
An actuator is a component of a machine that produces force, torque, or displacement, usually in a controlled way, when an electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic input is supplied to it in a system (called an actuating system).
Adhesive
Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
Air separation
An air separation plant separates atmospheric air into its primary components, typically nitrogen and oxygen, and sometimes also argon and other rare inert gases.
Alcoholic beverage
An alcoholic beverage (also called an adult beverage, alcoholic drink, strong drink, or simply a drink) is a beverage containing alcohol.
See Liquid and Alcoholic beverage
Amalgam (chemistry)
An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal.
See Liquid and Amalgam (chemistry)
Antimicrobial
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent).
Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water.
See Liquid and Aqueous solution
Archimedes' principle
Archimedes' principle (also spelled Archimedes's principle) states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.
See Liquid and Archimedes' principle
Argon
Argon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ar and atomic number 18.
See Liquid and Argon
Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure, also known as air pressure or barometric pressure (after the barometer), is the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth.
See Liquid and Atmospheric pressure
Bismuth
Bismuth is a chemical element; it has symbol Bi and atomic number 83.
Blanching (cooking)
Blanching is a cooking process in which a food, usually a vegetable or fruit, is scalded in boiling water, removed after a brief timed interval, and finally plunged into iced water or placed under cold running water (known as shocking or refreshing) to halt the cooking process.
See Liquid and Blanching (cooking)
Bleach
Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove colour (whitening) from fabric or fiber (in a process called bleaching) or to disinfect after cleaning.
Body fluid
Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids, sometimes body liquids, are liquids within the body of an organism.
Boiling
Boiling or ebullition is the rapid phase transition from liquid to gas or vapor; the reverse of boiling is condensation.
Boiling point
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.
Boltzmann equation
The Boltzmann equation or Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) describes the statistical behaviour of a thermodynamic system not in a state of equilibrium; it was devised by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872.
See Liquid and Boltzmann equation
Bragg peak
The Bragg peak is a pronounced peak on the Bragg curve which plots the energy loss of ionizing radiation during its travel through matter.
Bragg's law
In many areas of science, Bragg's law, Wulff–Bragg's condition, or Laue–Bragg interference are a special case of Laue diffraction, giving the angles for coherent scattering of waves from a large crystal lattice.
Brake
A brake is a mechanical device that inhibits motion by absorbing energy from a moving system.
See Liquid and Brake
Bravais lattice
In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after, is an infinite array of discrete points generated by a set of discrete translation operations described in three dimensional space by where the ni are any integers, and ai are primitive translation vectors, or primitive vectors, which lie in different directions (not necessarily mutually perpendicular) and span the lattice.
See Liquid and Bravais lattice
Bromine
Bromine is a chemical element; it has symbol Br and atomic number 35.
Bubble (physics)
A bubble is a globule of a gas substance in a liquid.
See Liquid and Bubble (physics)
Bulk modulus
The bulk modulus (K or B or k) of a substance is a measure of the resistance of a substance to bulk compression.
Buoyancy
Buoyancy, or upthrust, is a gravitational force, a net upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of a partially or fully immersed object.
Caesium
Caesium (IUPAC spelling; cesium in American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Cs and atomic number 55.
Capillary action
Capillary action (sometimes called capillarity, capillary motion, capillary rise, capillary effect, or wicking) is the process of a liquid flowing in a narrow space in opposition to or at least without the assistance of any external forces like gravity.
See Liquid and Capillary action
Capillary wave
A capillary wave is a wave traveling along the phase boundary of a fluid, whose dynamics and phase velocity are dominated by the effects of surface tension.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl4.
See Liquid and Carbon tetrachloride
Cavitation
Cavitation in fluid mechanics and engineering normally refers to the phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid.
Chemical element
A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.
See Liquid and Chemical element
Classical limit
The classical limit or correspondence limit is the ability of a physical theory to approximate or "recover" classical mechanics when considered over special values of its parameters.
See Liquid and Classical limit
Classical mechanics
Classical mechanics is a physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.
See Liquid and Classical mechanics
Collision
In physics, a collision is any event in which two or more bodies exert forces on each other in a relatively short time.
Colloid
A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.
Compressibility
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, the compressibility (also known as the coefficient of compressibility or, if the temperature is held constant, the isothermal compressibility) is a measure of the instantaneous relative volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure (or mean stress) change.
See Liquid and Compressibility
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases, that arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons. Liquid and Condensed matter physics are phases of matter.
See Liquid and Condensed matter physics
Confined liquid
In condensed matter physics, a confined liquid is a liquid that is subject to geometric constraints on a nanoscopic scale so that most molecules are close enough to an interface to sense some difference from standard bulk liquid conditions. Liquid and confined liquid are liquids.
See Liquid and Confined liquid
Convection
Convection is single or multiphase fluid flow that occurs spontaneously due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces on a fluid, most commonly density and gravity (see buoyancy).
Cooking
Cooking, also known as cookery or professionally as the culinary arts, is the art, science and craft of using heat to make food more palatable, digestible, nutritious, or safe.
Crystallization
Crystallization is the process by which solids form, where the atoms or molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal.
See Liquid and Crystallization
Crystallographic defect
A crystallographic defect is an interruption of the regular patterns of arrangement of atoms or molecules in crystalline solids.
See Liquid and Crystallographic defect
Custard
Custard is a variety of culinary preparations based on sweetened milk, cheese, or cream cooked with egg or egg yolk to thicken it, and sometimes also flour, corn starch, or gelatin.
Density
Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume.
Derivative
The derivative is a fundamental tool of calculus that quantifies the sensitivity of change of a function's output with respect to its input.
Detergent
A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions.
Diol
A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (groups).
See Liquid and Diol
Dissipation
In thermodynamics, dissipation is the result of an irreversible process that affects a thermodynamic system.
Dissipative particle dynamics
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is an off-lattice mesoscopic simulation technique which involves a set of particles moving in continuous space and discrete time.
See Liquid and Dissipative particle dynamics
Distillation
Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.
Drop (liquid)
A drop or droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces. Liquid and drop (liquid) are liquids.
Dye laser
A dye laser is a laser that uses an organic dye as the lasing medium, usually as a liquid solution.
Elasticity (physics)
In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed.
See Liquid and Elasticity (physics)
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical resistivity (also called volume resistivity or specific electrical resistance) is a fundamental specific property of a material that measures its electrical resistance or how strongly it resists electric current.
See Liquid and Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Emulsion
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.
Entropic force
In physics, an entropic force acting in a system is an emergent phenomenon resulting from the entire system's statistical tendency to increase its entropy, rather than from a particular underlying force on the atomic scale.
Entropy
Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.
Ethanol
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.
Eutectic system
A eutectic system or eutectic mixture is a homogeneous mixture that has a melting point lower than those of the constituents.
See Liquid and Eutectic system
Evaporation
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase.
Field (physics)
In science, a field is a physical quantity, represented by a scalar, vector, or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time.
See Liquid and Field (physics)
Fluid
In physics, a fluid is a liquid, gas, or other material that may continuously move and deform (flow) under an applied shear stress, or external force.
See Liquid and Fluid
Fluid power
Fluid power is the use of fluids under pressure to generate, control, and transmit power.
Fluidized bed
A fluidized bed is a physical phenomenon that occurs when a solid particulate substance (usually present in a holding vessel) is under the right conditions so that it behaves like a fluid.
Fourier transform
In physics, engineering and mathematics, the Fourier transform (FT) is an integral transform that takes a function as input and outputs another function that describes the extent to which various frequencies are present in the original function.
See Liquid and Fourier transform
Francium
Francium is a chemical element; it has symbol Fr and atomic number 87.
Free surface
In physics, a free surface is the surface of a fluid that is subject to zero parallel shear stress, such as the interface between two homogeneous fluids.
Frying
Frying is the cooking of food in oil or another fat.
Galinstan
Galinstan is a brand name for an alloy composed of gallium, indium, and tin which melts at and is thus liquid at room temperature.
Gallium
Gallium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31.
Gas
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter. Liquid and Gas are phases of matter.
See Liquid and Gas
Gasoline
Gasoline or petrol is a petrochemical product characterized as a transparent, yellowish, and flammable liquid normally used as a fuel for spark-ignited internal combustion engines.
Gibbs free energy
In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol G) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure-volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
See Liquid and Gibbs free energy
Glass
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid.
See Liquid and Glass
Glycerol
Glycerol, also called glycerine or glycerin, is a simple triol compound.
Gravitational field
In physics, a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself.
See Liquid and Gravitational field
Gravity
In physics, gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things that have mass.
Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid.
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space.
See Liquid and Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
Heavy equipment
Heavy equipment, heavy machinery, earthmovers, construction vehicles, or construction equipment, refers to heavy-duty vehicles specially designed to execute construction tasks, most frequently involving earthwork operations or other large construction tasks.
See Liquid and Heavy equipment
Heavy liquid
A heavy liquid is a solution or liquid chemical substance with a high density and a relatively low viscosity. Liquid and heavy liquid are liquids.
Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image.
See Liquid and Homogeneity and heterogeneity
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees.
See Liquid and Honey
Hydraulic cylinder
A hydraulic cylinder (also called a linear hydraulic motor) is a mechanical actuator that is used to give a unidirectional force through a unidirectional stroke.
See Liquid and Hydraulic cylinder
Hydraulic press
A hydraulic press is a machine press using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force.
See Liquid and Hydraulic press
Hydraulic pump
A hydraulic pump is a mechanical source of power that converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy (hydrostatic energy i.e. flow, pressure).
Hydraulics
Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids.
Hydrogen bond
In chemistry, a hydrogen bond (or H-bond) is primarily an electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn), and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac).
Hypersonic speed
In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that exceeds five times the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above.
See Liquid and Hypersonic speed
Ideal gas
An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are not subject to interparticle interactions.
Ink
Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design.
See Liquid and Ink
Inorganic nonaqueous solvent
An inorganic nonaqueous solvent is a solvent other than water, that is not an organic compound.
See Liquid and Inorganic nonaqueous solvent
Interatomic potential
Interatomic potentials are mathematical functions to calculate the potential energy of a system of atoms with given positions in space.
See Liquid and Interatomic potential
Intermolecular force
An intermolecular force (IMF) (or secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.
See Liquid and Intermolecular force
International System of Units
The International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from French Système international d'unités), is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement.
See Liquid and International System of Units
Interstellar cloud
An Interstellar Cloud is generally an accumulation of gas, plasma, and dust in our and other galaxies.
See Liquid and Interstellar cloud
Ionic liquid
An ionic liquid (IL) is a salt in the liquid state at ambient conditions.
Isotropy
In physics and geometry, isotropy is uniformity in all orientations.
Joule
The joule (pronounced, or; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).
See Liquid and Joule
Ketchup
Ketchup or catsup is a table condiment with a sweet and sour flavor.
Lattice Boltzmann methods
The lattice Boltzmann methods (LBM), originated from the lattice gas automata (LGA) method (Hardy-Pomeau-Pazzis and Frisch-Hasslacher-Pomeau models), is a class of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for fluid simulation.
See Liquid and Lattice Boltzmann methods
Lecithin
Lecithin (from the Ancient Greek λέκιθος "yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, emulsifying, homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.
Length scale
In physics, length scale is a particular length or distance determined with the precision of at most a few orders of magnitude.
Lennard-Jones potential
In computational chemistry, molecular physics, and physical chemistry, the Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the LJ potential or 12-6 potential; named for John Lennard-Jones) is an intermolecular pair potential.
See Liquid and Lennard-Jones potential
Linear response function
A linear response function describes the input-output relationship of a signal transducer, such as a radio turning electromagnetic waves into music or a neuron turning synaptic input into a response.
See Liquid and Linear response function
Liquefaction
In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics.
Liquefaction of gases
Liquefaction of gases is physical conversion of a gas into a liquid state (condensation). Liquid and Liquefaction of gases are phases of matter.
See Liquid and Liquefaction of gases
Liquid breathing
Liquid breathing is a form of respiration in which a normally air-breathing organism breathes an oxygen-rich liquid (such as a perfluorocarbon), rather than breathing air, by selecting a liquid that can hold a large amount of oxygen and is capable of CO2 gas exchange. Liquid and liquid breathing are liquids.
See Liquid and Liquid breathing
Liquid crystal
Liquid crystal (LC) is a state of matter whose properties are between those of conventional liquids and those of solid crystals. Liquid and liquid crystal are phases of matter.
Liquid dielectric
A liquid dielectric is a dielectric material in liquid state.
See Liquid and Liquid dielectric
Liquid helium
Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures. Liquid and Liquid helium are liquids.
Liquid hydrogen
Liquid hydrogen is the liquid state of the element hydrogen.
See Liquid and Liquid hydrogen
Liquid marbles
Liquid marbles are non-stick droplets (normally aqueous) wrapped by micro- or nano-metrically scaled hydrophobic, colloidal particles (Teflon, polyethylene, lycopodium powder, carbon black, etc.); representing a platform for a diversity of chemical and biological applications. Liquid and Liquid marbles are liquids.
Liquid nitrogen
Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature. Liquid and liquid nitrogen are liquids.
See Liquid and Liquid nitrogen
Liquid oxygen
Liquid oxygen, sometimes abbreviated as LOX or LOXygen, is a clear light sky-blue liquid form of dioxygen. Liquid and liquid oxygen are liquids.
Liquid resistor
A liquid resistor is an electrical resistor in which the resistive element is a solution.
See Liquid and Liquid resistor
Liquid rocket propellant
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets).
See Liquid and Liquid rocket propellant
Liquid-crystal display
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers.
See Liquid and Liquid-crystal display
Liquid-mirror telescope
Liquid-mirror telescopes are telescopes with mirrors made with a reflective liquid.
See Liquid and Liquid-mirror telescope
Lubricant
A lubricant (sometimes shortened to lube) is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move.
Machining
Machining is a manufacturing process where a desired shape or part is created using the controlled removal of material, most often metal, from a larger piece of raw material by cutting.
Magma
Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.
See Liquid and Magma
Matter wave
Matter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being half of wave–particle duality.
Mayonnaise
Mayonnaise, colloquially referred to as "mayo", is a thick, cold, and creamy sauce commonly used on sandwiches, hamburgers, composed salads, and French fries.
Melting
Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid.
Melting point
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid.
Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element; it has symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
See Liquid and Mercury (element)
Metalworking
Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures.
Metre
The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).
See Liquid and Metre
Microcanonical ensemble
In statistical mechanics, the microcanonical ensemble is a statistical ensemble that represents the possible states of a mechanical system whose total energy is exactly specified.
See Liquid and Microcanonical ensemble
Microfluidics
Microfluidics refers to a system that manipulates a small amount of fluids (10−9 to 10−18 liters) using small channels with sizes ten to hundreds micrometres.
Milk
Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals.
See Liquid and Milk
Mineral oil
Mineral oil is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of higher alkanes from a mineral source, particularly a distillate of petroleum, as distinct from usually edible vegetable oils.
Miscibility
Miscibility is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution).
Mixture
A mixture is a material made up of two or more different chemical substances which can be separated by physical method.
Mode coupling
In the term mode coupling, as used in physics and electrical engineering, the word "mode" refers to eigenmodes of an idealized, "unperturbed", linear system.
Molecular mass
The molecular mass (m) is the mass of a given molecule.
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
Motor oil
Motor oil, engine oil, or engine lubricant is any one of various substances used for the lubrication of internal combustion engines.
Naphtha
Naphtha is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.
Neon
Neon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ne and atomic number 10.
See Liquid and Neon
Neutron diffraction
Neutron diffraction or elastic neutron scattering is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of the atomic and/or magnetic structure of a material.
See Liquid and Neutron diffraction
Newton's laws of motion
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.
See Liquid and Newton's laws of motion
Newtonian fluid
A Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscous stresses arising from its flow are at every point linearly correlated to the local strain rate — the rate of change of its deformation over time. Liquid and Newtonian fluid are viscosity.
See Liquid and Newtonian fluid
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
Non-Newtonian fluid
A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity, that is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress. Liquid and non-Newtonian fluid are viscosity.
See Liquid and Non-Newtonian fluid
Nonlinear partial differential equation
In mathematics and physics, a nonlinear partial differential equation is a partial differential equation with nonlinear terms.
See Liquid and Nonlinear partial differential equation
Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.
See Liquid and Nuclear reactor
Oil refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha.
Operating temperature
An operating temperature is the allowable temperature range of the local ambient environment at which an electrical or mechanical device operates.
See Liquid and Operating temperature
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
Paint
Paint is a material or mixture that, when applied to a solid material and allowed to dry, adds a film-like layer.
See Liquid and Paint
Paraboloid
In geometry, a paraboloid is a quadric surface that has exactly one axis of symmetry and no center of symmetry.
Partial differential equation
In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which computes a function between various partial derivatives of a multivariable function.
See Liquid and Partial differential equation
Pascal (unit)
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI).
Pascal's law
Pascal's law (also Pascal's principle or the principle of transmission of fluid-pressure) is a principle in fluid mechanics given by Blaise Pascal that states that a pressure change at any point in a confined incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere.
Perspiration
Perspiration, also known as sweat, is the fluid secreted by sweat glands in the skin of mammals.
Perturbation theory
In mathematics and applied mathematics, perturbation theory comprises methods for finding an approximate solution to a problem, by starting from the exact solution of a related, simpler problem.
See Liquid and Perturbation theory
Planck constant
The Planck constant, or Planck's constant, denoted by is a fundamental physical constant of foundational importance in quantum mechanics: a photon's energy is equal to its frequency multiplied by the Planck constant, and the wavelength of a matter wave equals the Planck constant divided by the associated particle momentum.
See Liquid and Planck constant
Plasma (physics)
Plasma is one of four fundamental states of matter (the other three being solid, liquid, and gas) characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons. Liquid and Plasma (physics) are phases of matter.
See Liquid and Plasma (physics)
Potential energy
In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.
See Liquid and Potential energy
Pound per square inch
The pound per square inch (abbreviation: psi) or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: lbf/in2), is a unit of measurement of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units.
See Liquid and Pound per square inch
Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
Pressure measurement
Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface.
See Liquid and Pressure measurement
Pump
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy.
See Liquid and Pump
Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.
See Liquid and Quantum mechanics
Quantum tunnelling
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a potential energy barrier that, according to classical mechanics, should not be passable due to the object not having sufficient energy to pass or surmount the barrier.
See Liquid and Quantum tunnelling
Radial distribution function
In statistical mechanics, the radial distribution function, (or pair correlation function) g(r) in a system of particles (atoms, molecules, colloids, etc.), describes how density varies as a function of distance from a reference particle.
See Liquid and Radial distribution function
Radiator
A radiator is a heat exchanger used to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating.
Regression analysis
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable (often called the 'outcome' or 'response' variable, or a 'label' in machine learning parlance) and one or more independent variables (often called 'predictors', 'covariates', 'explanatory variables' or 'features').
See Liquid and Regression analysis
Relaxation (physics)
In the physical sciences, relaxation usually means the return of a perturbed system into equilibrium.
See Liquid and Relaxation (physics)
Rocket
A rocket (from bobbin/spool) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air.
Room temperature
Room temperature, colloquially, denotes the range of air temperatures most people find comfortable indoors while dressed in typical clothing.
See Liquid and Room temperature
Rubidium
Rubidium is a chemical element; it has symbol Rb and atomic number 37.
S wave
In seismology and other areas involving elastic waves, S waves, secondary waves, or shear waves (sometimes called elastic S waves) are a type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body waves, so named because they move through the body of an object, unlike surface waves.
Sealant
Sealant is a substance used to block the passage of fluids through openings in materials, a type of mechanical seal.
Sensor
A sensor is a device that produces an output signal for the purpose of detecting a physical phenomenon.
Shear modulus
In materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is a measure of the elastic shear stiffness of a material and is defined as the ratio of shear stress to the shear strain: where The derived SI unit of shear modulus is the pascal (Pa), although it is usually expressed in gigapascals (GPa) or in thousand pounds per square inch (ksi).
Short range order
In crystallography, short range order refers to the regular and predictable arrangement (i.e. crystalline lattice) of atoms over a short distance, usually with one or two atom spacings.
See Liquid and Short range order
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the mechanics of continuum media, such as solid mechanics and fluid flows.
See Liquid and Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
Sodium–potassium alloy
Sodium–potassium alloy, colloquially called NaK (commonly pronounced), is an alloy of the alkali metals sodium (Na, atomic number 11) and potassium (K, atomic number 19) that is normally liquid at room temperature.
See Liquid and Sodium–potassium alloy
Soft robotics
Soft robotics is a subfield of robotics that concerns the design, control, and fabrication of robots composed of compliant materials, instead of rigid links.
Solid
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter along with liquid, gas, and plasma. Liquid and Solid are phases of matter.
See Liquid and Solid
Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
See Liquid and Solution (chemistry)
Solvent
A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
Standard atmosphere (unit)
The standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as Pa.
See Liquid and Standard atmosphere (unit)
Standard temperature and pressure
Standard temperature and pressure (STP) or Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are various standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements used to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data.
See Liquid and Standard temperature and pressure
Star
A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity.
See Liquid and Star
Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Liquid and state of matter are phases of matter.
See Liquid and State of matter
Statistical mechanics
In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.
See Liquid and Statistical mechanics
Steaming
Steaming is a method of cooking using steam.
Structure factor
In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation.
See Liquid and Structure factor
Supercooling
Supercooling, also known as undercooling, is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid below its freezing point without it becoming a solid.
Supercritical fluid
A supercritical fluid (SCF) is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist, but below the pressure required to compress it into a solid. Liquid and supercritical fluid are phases of matter.
See Liquid and Supercritical fluid
Superheating
In thermodynamics, superheating (sometimes referred to as boiling retardation, or boiling delay) is the phenomenon in which a liquid is heated to a temperature higher than its boiling point, without boiling. Liquid and superheating are phases of matter.
Surface roughness
Surface roughness can be regarded as the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human (haptic) perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property. It has different interpretations and definitions depending on the disciplines considered.
See Liquid and Surface roughness
Surface tension
Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible.
See Liquid and Surface tension
Surface wave
In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.
Surfactant
Surfactants are chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid.
Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.
See Liquid and Suspension (chemistry)
Telescope
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation.
Temperature dependence of viscosity
Viscosity depends strongly on temperature.
See Liquid and Temperature dependence of viscosity
Thermal conductivity and resistivity
The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat.
See Liquid and Thermal conductivity and resistivity
Thermal expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in length, area, or volume, changing its size and density, in response to an increase in temperature (usually excluding phase transitions).
See Liquid and Thermal expansion
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Thermodynamic equilibrium is an axiomatic concept of thermodynamics.
See Liquid and Thermodynamic equilibrium
Thermometer
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature (the degree of hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space).
Transmission (mechanical device)
A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses a gear set—two or more gears working together—to change the speed, direction of rotation, or torque multiplication/reduction in a machine.
See Liquid and Transmission (mechanical device)
Vacuum
A vacuum (vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter.
Vegetable oil
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of edible plants.
Vinaigrette
Vinaigrette is made by mixing an edible oil with a mild acid such as vinegar or lemon juice (citric acid).
Virial expansion
The virial expansion is a model of thermodynamic equations of state.
See Liquid and Virial expansion
Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.
Viscosity index
The viscosity index (VI) is an arbitrary, unit-less measure of a fluid's change in viscosity relative to temperature change.
See Liquid and Viscosity index
Volume
Volume is a measure of regions in three-dimensional space.
Water hammer
Hydraulic shock (colloquial: water hammer; fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly; a momentum change.
Water wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.
Wearable technology
Wearable technology is any technology that is designed to be used while worn.
See Liquid and Wearable technology
Wetting
Wetting is the ability of a liquid to displace gas to maintain contact with a solid surface, resulting from intermolecular interactions when the two are brought together.
Wind wave
In fluid dynamics, a wind wave, or wind-generated water wave, is a surface wave that occurs on the free surface of bodies of water as a result of the wind blowing over the water's surface.
Work (physics)
In science, work is the energy transferred to or from an object via the application of force along a displacement.
X-ray diffraction
X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms.
See Liquid and X-ray diffraction
Xenon
Xenon is a chemical element; it has symbol Xe and atomic number 54.
See Liquid and Xenon
Yolk
Among animals which produce eggs, the yolk (also known as the vitellus) is the nutrient-bearing portion of the egg whose primary function is to supply food for the development of the embryo.
See Liquid and Yolk
Zenith telescope
A zenith telescope is a type of telescope that is designed to point straight up at or near the zenith.
See Liquid and Zenith telescope
Zero-point energy
Zero-point energy (ZPE) is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have.
See Liquid and Zero-point energy
See also
Liquids
- Aerosol
- Body fluids
- Cole–Davidson equation
- Confined liquid
- Correction fluid
- Cotton–Mouton effect
- Drinks
- Drop (liquid)
- Float (liquid level)
- Fluid mechanics
- H3LiIr2O6
- Heavy liquid
- Hyperuniformity
- Ion network
- Ionic liquids
- Liquid
- Liquid breathing
- Liquid crystals
- Liquid dielectrics
- Liquid explosives
- Liquid fuels
- Liquid helium
- Liquid marbles
- Liquid mirror telescopes
- Liquid nitrogen
- Liquid oxygen
- Macroemulsion
- McIlvaine buffer
- Oils
- Quantum spin liquid
- Structure of liquids and glasses
- Two-dimensional liquid
- Water
- Wetting solution
Viscosity
- Bingham plastic
- Brookfield Engineering
- Cold-cranking simulator
- Extensional viscosity
- Farris effect (rheology)
- Huggins equation
- Inherent viscosity
- Intrinsic viscosity
- Liquid
- List of viscosities
- Marsh funnel
- Melt flow index
- Newtonian fluid
- Non-Newtonian fluid
- Reduced viscosity
- Relative viscosity
- Rotational viscosity
- SAE J300
- SAE J306
- Saybolt universal viscosity
- Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet
- Superfluidity
- Time-dependent viscosity
- UV pinning
- Viscosity
- Viscosity models for mixtures
- Viscotherm
- Viscous stress tensor
- Volume viscosity
- Weissenberg effect
References
Also known as Liquid State, Liquid phase, Liquids.
, Diol, Dissipation, Dissipative particle dynamics, Distillation, Drop (liquid), Dye laser, Elasticity (physics), Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Emulsion, Entropic force, Entropy, Ethanol, Eutectic system, Evaporation, Field (physics), Fluid, Fluid power, Fluidized bed, Fourier transform, Francium, Free surface, Frying, Galinstan, Gallium, Gas, Gasoline, Gibbs free energy, Glass, Glycerol, Gravitational field, Gravity, Heat exchanger, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, Heavy equipment, Heavy liquid, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Honey, Hydraulic cylinder, Hydraulic press, Hydraulic pump, Hydraulics, Hydrogen bond, Hypersonic speed, Ideal gas, Ink, Inorganic nonaqueous solvent, Interatomic potential, Intermolecular force, International System of Units, Interstellar cloud, Ionic liquid, Isotropy, Joule, Ketchup, Lattice Boltzmann methods, Lecithin, Length scale, Lennard-Jones potential, Linear response function, Liquefaction, Liquefaction of gases, Liquid breathing, Liquid crystal, Liquid dielectric, Liquid helium, Liquid hydrogen, Liquid marbles, Liquid nitrogen, Liquid oxygen, Liquid resistor, Liquid rocket propellant, Liquid-crystal display, Liquid-mirror telescope, Lubricant, Machining, Magma, Matter wave, Mayonnaise, Melting, Melting point, Mercury (element), Metalworking, Metre, Microcanonical ensemble, Microfluidics, Milk, Mineral oil, Miscibility, Mixture, Mode coupling, Molecular mass, Molecule, Motor oil, Naphtha, Neon, Neutron diffraction, Newton's laws of motion, Newtonian fluid, Nitrogen, Non-Newtonian fluid, Nonlinear partial differential equation, Nuclear reactor, Oil refinery, Operating temperature, Oxygen, Paint, Paraboloid, Partial differential equation, Pascal (unit), Pascal's law, Perspiration, Perturbation theory, Planck constant, Plasma (physics), Potential energy, Pound per square inch, Pressure, Pressure measurement, Pump, Quantum mechanics, Quantum tunnelling, Radial distribution function, Radiator, Regression analysis, Relaxation (physics), Rocket, Room temperature, Rubidium, S wave, Sealant, Sensor, Shear modulus, Short range order, Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, Sodium, Sodium–potassium alloy, Soft robotics, Solid, Solution (chemistry), Solvent, Standard atmosphere (unit), Standard temperature and pressure, Star, Starch, State of matter, Statistical mechanics, Steaming, Structure factor, Supercooling, Supercritical fluid, Superheating, Surface roughness, Surface tension, Surface wave, Surfactant, Suspension (chemistry), Telescope, Temperature dependence of viscosity, Thermal conductivity and resistivity, Thermal expansion, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Thermometer, Transmission (mechanical device), Vacuum, Vegetable oil, Vinaigrette, Virial expansion, Viscosity, Viscosity index, Volume, Water hammer, Water wheel, Wearable technology, Wetting, Wind wave, Work (physics), X-ray diffraction, Xenon, Yolk, Zenith telescope, Zero-point energy.