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412 relations: Abenaki, Achomawi, Achulet massacre, Acoma Massacre, Acoma Pueblo, Alabama, Algonquin people, Alma Massacre, Alma, New Mexico, American Indian Wars, American Revolutionary War, Antonga Black Hawk, Antonio Narbona, Apalachee, Apalachee massacre, Apalachicola River, Arcata, California, Arizona, Arizona Territory, Arthur St. Clair, Asbill massacre, Étienne Périer (governor), Bath, North Carolina, Battle at Fort Utah, Battle Creek massacre, Battle of Ash Hollow, Battle of Autossee, Battle of Bad Axe, Battle of Burnt Corn, Battle of Cookes Canyon, Battle of Devil's Hole, Battle of Fort Dearborn, Battle of Frenchtown, Battle of Mud Lake, Battle of Norridgewock, Battle of Pease River, Battle of Tallushatchee, Battle of the Big Hole, Battle of Turner's Falls, Battle of Washita River, Battle of Wyoming, Bear River Massacre, Beaver Wars, Ben Kiernan, Berne, New York, Big Bottom massacre, Black Kettle, Bloody Island massacre, Brazos River, Bret Harte, ..., Bridge Gulch massacre, Brigham Young, Caddo, California, Camp Grant massacre, Captain John Underhill, Cascades Rapids, Cayuse people, Cayuse War, Chamberlain, South Dakota, Charleston, South Carolina, Cherokee, Cherry Valley massacre, Chetco people, Chetco River, Cheyenne, Chilhowee (Cherokee town), Chitimacha, Circleville, Utah, Civilian, Clarksville, Virginia, Clear Lake (California), Clearlake, California, Colen Donck, Colorado Territory, Columbia River, Conner Prairie, Coquille River (Oregon), Cornelis van Tienhoven, Cottonwood, California, Council House Fight, Creek War, Crow Creek massacre, Cutthroat Gap massacre, Cynthia Ann Parker, Cypress Hills Massacre, Dakota people, Dakota War of 1862, Daniel Greathouse, Davy Crockett, Deerfield, Massachusetts, Detroit River, Director of New Netherland, District of Maine, Doeg people, Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate, Draper's Meadow massacre, Dressing Point massacre, Eel River Athapaskan peoples, Enoch Brown school massacre, Escondido, California, Eureka, California, European colonization of the Americas, Fall Creek massacre, Foard County, Texas, Fort Boise, Fort Dearborn, Fort Hall, Fort Mims massacre, Fort Neoheroka, Fort Parker massacre, Fort Pueblo Massacre, Fort Recovery, Fort Robinson, Fort Robinson massacre, Fort Sandusky, Fort Sinquefield, Fort William Henry, Forty Fort, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, George Armstrong Custer, Gnadenhutten massacre, Grande Ronde River, Great Swamp Fight, Henry Atkinson (soldier), Hernando de Soto, Hillabee, Humboldt County, California, Hydesville, California, Idaho, Indian Creek massacre, Indian Island (Humboldt Bay), Indian Key Historic State Park, Indian massacre of 1622, Indian Territory, Iowa, Iroquois, James Moore (Governor), James White (general), Jamestown, Virginia, Jeremiah Moulton, John C. 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Abenaki
The Abenaki (Abnaki, Abinaki, Alnôbak) are a Native American tribe and First Nation.
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Achomawi
Achomawi (also Achumawi, Ajumawi and Ahjumawi), are the northerly nine (out of eleven) tribes of the Pit River tribe of Native Americans who live in what is now northeastern California in the United States.
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Achulet massacre
The Achulet Massacre was an 1854 massacre of more than 65 Tolowa people by European-American settlers at the village of Achulet (Tolowa: ’Ee-chuu-le’) near Lake Earl in Klamath County (now Del Norte County, California).
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Acoma Massacre
The Acoma Massacre was fought in January 1599 between Spanish conquistadors and Acoma Native Americans in what is now New Mexico.
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Acoma Pueblo
Acoma Pueblo is a Native American pueblo approximately west of Albuquerque, New Mexico in the United States.
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Alabama
Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Algonquin people
The Algonquins are indigenous inhabitants of North America who speak the Algonquin language, a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe language, which is part of the Algonquian language family.
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Alma Massacre
The Alma Massacre involved an April 28, 1880, Chiricahua Apache raid on United States settlers' homes around Alma, New Mexico Territory.
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Alma, New Mexico
Alma is an unincorporated community in Catron County, New Mexico, United States, north of Glenwood and south of Reserve.
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American Indian Wars
The American Indian Wars (or Indian Wars) is the collective name for the various armed conflicts fought by European governments and colonists, and later the United States government and American settlers, against various American Indian tribes.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Antonga Black Hawk
Antonga, or Black Hawk (born c. 1830; died September 26, 1870), was a nineteenth-century war chief of the Timpanogos Tribe in what is the present-day state of Utah.
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Antonio Narbona
Antonio Narbona (1773 – 20 March 1830) was a Spanish soldier from Mobile, now in Alabama, who fought native American people in the northern part of Mexico (now the southwestern United States) around the turn of the nineteenth century.
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Apalachee
The Apalachee are a Native American people who historically lived in the Florida Panhandle.
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Apalachee massacre
The Apalachee massacre was a series of raids by English colonists from the Province of Carolina and their Indian allies against a largely peaceful population of Apalachee Indians in northern Spanish Florida that took place during Queen Anne's War in 1704.
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Apalachicola River
The Apalachicola River is a river, approximately 112 mi (180 km) long in the State of Florida.
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Arcata, California
Arcata, originally Union Town or Union, is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States.
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Arizona
Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.
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Arizona Territory
The Territory of Arizona (also known as Arizona Territory) was a territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863 until February 14, 1912, when the remaining extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Arizona.
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Arthur St. Clair
Arthur St.
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Asbill massacre
The Asbill massacre refers to the murder of 40 Yuki people in Round Valley in 1854 by a band of six White explorers from Missouri.
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Étienne Périer (governor)
Étienne Périer was the fifth governor of the Louisiana colony.
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Bath, North Carolina
Bath is a town in Beaufort County, North Carolina, United States.
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Battle at Fort Utah
The Battle at Fort Utah (also known at Fort Utah War or Provo War) was a battle between the Timpanogos Tribe and remnants of the Nauvoo Legion at Fort Utah in modern-day Provo, Utah.
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Battle Creek massacre
The first battle between Mormon settlers in Utah and the Timpanogos Indians who lived there occurred at Battle Creek, Utah.
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Battle of Ash Hollow
The Battle of Ash Hollow, also known as the Battle of Blue Water Creek or the Harney Massacre,, 2004, Nebraska State Historical Society; accessed 15 August 2016 was an engagement of the First Sioux War, fought on September 2 and 3, 1855 between United States Army soldiers under Brig. Gen. William S. Harney and a band of the Brulé Lakota along the Platte River in present-day Garden County, Nebraska.
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Battle of Autossee
The Battle of Autossee (meaning "war club") took place on November 29, 1813, during the Creek War, at the Creek towns of Autossee and Tallasee near present-day Shorter, Alabama.
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Battle of Bad Axe
The Battle of Bad Axe, also known as the Bad Axe Massacre, was a battle between Sauk (Sac) and Fox Indians and United States Army regulars and militia that occurred on 1–2 August 1832.
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Battle of Burnt Corn
The Battle of Burnt Corn, also known as the Battle of Burnt Corn Creek, was an encounter between United States armed forces and Creek Indians that took place July 27, 1813 in present-day southern Alabama.
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Battle of Cookes Canyon
The Battle of Cookes Canyon was a military engagement fought between settlers from Confederate Arizona and Chiricahua Apaches in August 1861.
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Battle of Devil's Hole
The Battle of Devil's Hole, also known as the Devil's Hole Massacre, was fought near Niagara Gorge in present-day New York state on September 14, 1763, between a detachment of the British 80th Regiment of Light Armed Foot and about 300 Seneca warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–1766).
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Battle of Fort Dearborn
The Battle of Fort Dearborn (sometimes Fort Dearborn Massacre) was an engagement between United States troops and Potawatomi Indians that occurred on August 15, 1812, near Fort Dearborn in what is now Chicago, Illinois (then an undeveloped part of the Illinois Territory).
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Battle of Frenchtown
The Battles of Frenchtown, also known as the Battle of the River Raisin and the River Raisin Massacre, was a series of conflicts in Michigan Territory that took place from January 18–23, 1813 during the War of 1812.
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Battle of Mud Lake
The Battle of Mud Lake, also known as the "Skirmish at Mud Lake", occurred on 14 March 1865 during the Snake War in northwest Nevada Territory, near present-day Winnemucca Lake, Nevada, during the closing months of the concurrent American Civil War.
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Battle of Norridgewock
The Norridgewock Raid occurred in contested lands being fought over by England, France and the Wabanaki Confederacy, during the colonial frontier conflict referred to as Governor Dummer's War.
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Battle of Pease River
The Battle of Pease River also known as the Massacre of Pease River occurred on December 18, 1860, near the present-day town of Margaret, Texas in Foard County, Texas, United States.
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Battle of Tallushatchee
The Battle of Tallasseehatchee was a battle fought during the War of 1812 and Creek War on November 3, 1813, in Alabama between Native American Red Stick Creeks and United States dragoons.
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Battle of the Big Hole
The Battle of the Big Hole was fought in Montana, August 9–10, 1877, between the U.S. Army and the Nez Perce tribe of Native Americans during the Nez Perce War.
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Battle of Turner's Falls
The Battle of Turner's Falls, also known as the Peskeompscut massacre, was fought on May 19, 1676, during King Philip's War, in present-day Gill, Massachusetts, near a falls on the Connecticut River.
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Battle of Washita River
The Battle of Washita River (also called Battle of the Washita or the Washita Massacre) occurred on November 27, 1868 when Lt.
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Battle of Wyoming
The Battle of Wyoming (also known as the Wyoming Massacre) was an encounter during the American Revolutionary War between American Patriots and Loyalists accompanied by Iroquois raiders that took place in the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania on July 3, 1778.
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Bear River Massacre
The Bear River Massacre, or the Battle of Bear River or Massacre at Boa Ogoi, took place in present-day Idaho on January 29, 1863.
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Beaver Wars
The Beaver Wars, also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars, encompass a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th and 18th centuries in eastern North America.
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Ben Kiernan
Benedict F. "Ben" Kiernan (born 1953 in Melbourne) is the Whitney Griswold Professor of History, Professor of International and Area Studies and Director of the Genocide Studies Program at Yale University.
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Berne, New York
Berne is a town in Albany County, New York, United States.
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Big Bottom massacre
The Big Bottom massacre occurred on January 2, 1791, near present-day Stockport now in Morgan County, Ohio, United States.
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Black Kettle
Black Kettle (Cheyenne: Mo'ohtavetoo'o) (c. 1803November 27, 1868) was a prominent leader of the Southern Cheyenne during the American Indian Wars.
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Bloody Island massacre
The Bloody Island massacre (also called the Clear Lake massacre) occurred on an island called in the Pomo language, Bo-no-po-ti or Badon-napo-ti (Island Village), at the north end of Clear Lake, Lake County, California, on May 15, 1850.
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Brazos River
The Brazos River, called the Rio de los Brazos de Dios (translated as "The River of the Arms of God") by early Spanish explorers, is the 11th-longest river in the United States of America at from its headwater source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a drainage basin.
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Bret Harte
Francis Bret Harte (August 25, 1836 – May 5, 1902) was an American short story writer and poet, best remembered for his short fiction featuring miners, gamblers, and other romantic figures of the California Gold Rush.
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Bridge Gulch massacre
The Bridge Gulch massacre, also known as the Hayfork massacre or Natural Bridge massacre, occurred on April 23, 1852, when more than 150 Wintu people were killed by about 70 American men led by William H. Dixon, the sheriff of Trinity County in northern California.
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Brigham Young
Brigham Young (June 1, 1801August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader, politician, and settler.
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Caddo
The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Camp Grant massacre
The Camp Grant massacre, on April 30, 1871, was an attack on Pinal and Aravaipa Apaches who surrendered to the United States Army at Camp Grant, Arizona, along the San Pedro River.
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Captain John Underhill
John Underhill (7 October 1597 – 21 July 1672) was an early English settler and soldier in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Province of New Hampshire, where he also served as governor; the New Haven Colony, New Netherland, and later the Province of New York, settling on Long Island.
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Cascades Rapids
The Cascades Rapids (sometimes called Cascade Falls or Cascades of the Columbia) were an area of rapids along North America's Columbia River, between the U.S. states of Washington and Oregon.
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Cayuse people
The Cayuse are a Native American tribe in what is now the state of Oregon in the United States.
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Cayuse War
The Cayuse War was an armed conflict that took place in the Northwestern United States from 1847 to 1855 between the Cayuse people of the region and the United States Government and local American settlers.
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Chamberlain, South Dakota
Chamberlain is a city in Brule County, South Dakota, United States.
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Charleston, South Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
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Cherokee
The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.
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Cherry Valley massacre
The Cherry Valley massacre was an attack by British and Iroquois forces on a fort and the village of Cherry Valley in eastern New York on November 11, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War.
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Chetco people
The Chetco (Chetco: chit-dee-ni, chit-dee-ne) are a tribe of Native Americans who originally lived along the lower Chetco River in Curry County in the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Chetco River
The Chetco River is a stream located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Oregon.
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Cheyenne
The Cheyenne are one of the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and their language is of the Algonquian language family.
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Chilhowee (Cherokee town)
Chilhowee was a prehistoric and historic Native American site in Blount County and Monroe County, Tennessee, in the southeastern United States.
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Chitimacha
The Chitimacha,also known as Chetimachan or the Sitimacha, are a Federally recognized tribe of Native Americans who live in the U.S. state of Louisiana, mainly on their reservation in St. Mary Parish near Charenton on Bayou Teche.
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Circleville, Utah
Circleville is a town in Piute County, Utah, United States.
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Civilian
A civilian is "a person who is not a member of the military or of a police or firefighting force".
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Clarksville, Virginia
Clarksville is a town in Mecklenburg county in the U.S. state of Virginia, near the southern border of the commonwealth.
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Clear Lake (California)
Clear Lake is a natural freshwater lake in Lake County in the U.S. state of California, north of Napa County and San Francisco.
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Clearlake, California
Clearlake is a city in Lake County, California, United States.
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Colen Donck
Colendonck was the title of a large Dutch-American owned estate of 24,000 acres (97 km²) (a patroonship) originally owned by Adriaen van der Donck in New Netherland, along what was then known as the North River (Hudson River).
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Colorado Territory
The Territory of Colorado was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from February 28, 1861, until August 1, 1876, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Colorado.
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Columbia River
The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America.
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Conner Prairie
Conner Prairie is an interactive history park, or living history museum, in Fishers, Indiana, United States, that preserves the William Conner home, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and recreates part of life in Indiana in the 19th century on the White River.
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Coquille River (Oregon)
The Coquille River is a stream, about long, in southwestern Oregon in the United States.
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Cornelis van Tienhoven
Cornelis van Tienhoven (ca. 1601 Utrecht- November 1656 ?, Manhattan ?) was secretary of the New Netherlands from 1638 to 1656 and as such one of the most influential people in New Amsterdam.
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Cottonwood, California
Cottonwood is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States.
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Council House Fight
The Council House Fight, often referred to as the Council House Massacre, was a decidedly lopsided fight between soldiers and officials of the Republic of Texas and a delegation of Comanche chiefs during a peace conference in San Antonio on March 19, 1840.
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Creek War
The Creek War (1813–1814), also known as the Red Stick War and the Creek Civil War, was a regional war between opposing Creek factions, European empires and the United States, taking place largely in today's Alabama and along the Gulf Coast.
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Crow Creek massacre
The Crow Creek massacre occurred around the mid 1300s AD between Native American groups at a site along the Missouri River in the South Dakota area; it is now within the Crow Creek Indian Reservation.
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Cutthroat Gap massacre
The Cutthroat Gap massacre occurred in 1833, "The Year the Stars Fell" in Oklahoma.
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Cynthia Ann Parker
Cynthia Ann Parker, or Naduah (Comanche Narua) (– March 1871), was an Anglo-American who was kidnapped in 1836, at the age of about ten (possibly as young as 8 or already over 11 – her birth year is uncertain), by a Comanche war band which had massacred her family's settlement.
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Cypress Hills Massacre
The Cypress Hills Massacre at Parks Canada was a mass murder that occurred on June 1, 1873, in the Cypress Hills region of Battle Creek, North-West Territories (now in Saskatchewan).
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Dakota people
The Dakota people are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America.
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Dakota War of 1862
The Dakota War of 1862, also known as the Sioux Uprising, Dakota Uprising, the Sioux Outbreak of 1862, the Dakota Conflict, the U.S.–Dakota War of 1862 or Little Crow's War, was an armed conflict between the United States and several bands of Dakota (also known as the eastern 'Sioux').
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Daniel Greathouse
Daniel Greathouse (17521775) was a settler in colonial Virginia.
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Davy Crockett
David "Davy" Crockett (August 17, 1786 – March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier, and politician.
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Deerfield, Massachusetts
Deerfield is a town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Detroit River
The Detroit River (Rivière Détroit) flows for from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie as a strait in the Great Lakes system and forms part of the border between Canada and the United States.
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Director of New Netherland
This is a list of Directors, appointed by the Dutch West India Company, of the 17th century Dutch province of New Netherland (Nieuw-Nederland in Dutch) in North America.
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District of Maine
The District of Maine was the governmental designation for what is now the U.S. state of Maine from October 25, 1780 to March 15, 1820, when it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state.
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Doeg people
The Doeg (also spelled Doages, Dogues, Taux, Dogi, Tacci, etc.) were a Native American people who lived in Virginia.
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Domingo Jironza Petriz de Cruzate
Domingo Jironza Pétriz de Cruzate (or Domingo Gironza) (born c. 1640) was a Spanish soldier who was Governor of New Mexico from 1683 to 1686, and again from 1689 to 1691.
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Draper's Meadow massacre
In July 1755, a small outpost in southwest Virginia, at the present day Blacksburg, was raided by a group of Shawnee Indian warriors, who killed at least five people including an infant child and captured five more.
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Dressing Point massacre
The Dressing Point massacre refers to the murder of 40-50 Karankawa people in Mexican Texas near present-day Matagorda by a party of White colonists in 1826.
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Eel River Athapaskan peoples
The Eel River Athapaskans include the Wailaki, Lassik, Nongatl, and Sinkyone (Sinkine) groups of Native Americans that traditionally live in present-day Mendocino, Trinity, and Humboldt counties on or near the Eel River and Van Duzen River of northwestern California.
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Enoch Brown school massacre
The Enoch Brown school massacre was "one of the most notorious incidents"Middleton, p. 171 of Pontiac's War.
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Escondido, California
Escondido is a city located in San Diego County's North County region, northeast of Downtown San Diego, California.
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Eureka, California
Eureka (Hupa: do'-wi-lotl-ding, Karuk: uuth) is the principal city and county seat of Humboldt County in the Redwood Empire region of California.
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European colonization of the Americas
The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by most of the naval powers of Europe.
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Fall Creek massacre
The Fall Creek massacre refers to the slaughter of 9 Native Americans—two men, three women, two boys, and two girls—of uncertain tribal origin on March 22, 1824 by seven white settlers in Madison County, Indiana.
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Foard County, Texas
Foard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.
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Fort Boise
Fort Boise is either of two different locations in the western United States, both in southwestern Idaho.
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Fort Dearborn
Fort Dearborn was a United States fort built in 1803 beside the Chicago River, in what is now Chicago, Illinois.
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Fort Hall
Fort Hall was a fort that was built in 1834 as a fur trading post by Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth.
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Fort Mims massacre
The Battle at Fort Mims occurred on August 30, 1813 during the Creek War, when a force of Creek Indians belonging to the "Red Sticks" faction, under the command of head warriors Peter McQueen and William Weatherford (also known as Lamochattee or Red Eagle), stormed the fort and defeated the militia garrison.
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Fort Neoheroka
Fort Neoheroka (or just Neoheroka, Neyuherú·kęʼ in Tuscarora), or Nooherooka, is the name of a stronghold constructed in what is now Greene County, North Carolina by the Tuscarora tribe during the Tuscarora War of 1711–1715.
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Fort Parker massacre
The Fort Parker massacre was an event in May 1836 in which members of the pioneer Parker family were killed in a raid by Native Americans.
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Fort Pueblo Massacre
The Fort Pueblo massacre was a retaliatory attack that occurred on December 25, 1854 against Fort Pueblo as known as El Pueblo, a settlement on the north side of the Arkansas River, mile west of the mouth of Fountain Creek, above the mouth of the Huerfano.
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Fort Recovery
Fort Recovery was a United States Army fort begun in late 1793 and completed in March 1794 under orders by General "Mad" Anthony Wayne.
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Fort Robinson
Fort Robinson is a former U.S. Army fort and a major feature of Fort Robinson State Park, a public recreation and historic preservation area located west of Crawford on U.S. Route 20 in the Pine Ridge region of northwest Nebraska.
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Fort Robinson massacre
The Fort Robinson tragedy (winter 1878-1879) refers to a series of events which occurred during the winter of 1878-1879 at Fort Robinson in northwestern Nebraska.
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Fort Sandusky
Fort Sandusky refers to at least three separate military forts that were in several locations in the area of Sandusky Bay, Ohio.
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Fort Sinquefield
Fort Sinquefield is the historic site of a wooden stockade fortification in Clarke County, Alabama, near the modern town of Grove Hill.
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Fort William Henry
Fort William Henry was a British fort at the southern end of Lake George, in the province of New York.
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Forty Fort
Forty Fort was a stronghold built by settlers from Westmoreland County, Connecticut, on the Susquehanna River in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania.
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Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado y Luján (1510 – 22 September 1554) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542.
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George Armstrong Custer
George Armstrong Custer (December 5, 1839 – June 25, 1876) was a United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the American Civil War and the American Indian Wars.
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Gnadenhutten massacre
The Gnadenhutten massacre, also known as the Moravian massacre, was the killing of 96 Christian Lenape (Delaware) by colonial American militia from Pennsylvania on March 8, 1782 at the Moravian missionary village of Gnadenhutten, Ohio during the American Revolutionary War.
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Grande Ronde River
The Grande Ronde River (or, less commonly) is a tributary of the Snake River, long,U.S. Geological Survey.
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Great Swamp Fight
The Great Swamp Fight or the Great Swamp Massacre was a crucial battle fought during King Philip's War between colonial militia of New England and the Narragansett tribe in December 1675.
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Henry Atkinson (soldier)
Henry Atkinson (1782 – June 14, 1842) was a United States army officer.
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Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto (1495 – May 21, 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first Spanish and European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (through Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and most likely Arkansas).
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Hillabee
Hillabee was an important Muscogee (Creek) town in east central Alabama before the Indian Removals of the 1830s.
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Humboldt County, California
Humboldt County is a county in the U.S. state of California.
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Hydesville, California
Hydesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Humboldt County, California, United States.
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Idaho
Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States.
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Indian Creek massacre
The Indian Creek Massacre occurred on May 21, 1832 with the attack by a party of Native Americans on a group of United States settlers in LaSalle County, Illinois following a dispute about a settler-constructed dam that prevented fish from reaching a nearby Potawatomi village.
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Indian Island (Humboldt Bay)
Indian Island or Duluwat Island is located on Humboldt Bay within the city of Eureka, California.
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Indian Key Historic State Park
Indian Key Historic State Park is an island within the Florida State Park system, located just a few hundred yards southeast of U.S. 1 within the Florida Keys.
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Indian massacre of 1622
The Indian Massacre of 1622 took place in the English Colony of Virginia, in what is now the United States, on Friday, 22 March 1622.
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Indian Territory
As general terms, Indian Territory, the Indian Territories, or Indian country describe an evolving land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of Native Americans who held aboriginal title to their land.
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Iowa
Iowa is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers to the west.
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Iroquois
The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.
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James Moore (Governor)
James Moore (c. 1650 – 1706) was the English governor of colonial Carolina between 1700 and 1703.
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James White (general)
James White (1747 – August 14, 1821) was an American pioneer and soldier who founded Knoxville, Tennessee, in the early 1790s.
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Jamestown, Virginia
The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
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Jeremiah Moulton
Jeremiah Moulton (b. York, Massachusetts (now in York, Maine), 1688, d. York, 20 July 1765) was a New England militia officer and member of the Massachusetts Council.
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John C. Frémont
John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, politician, and soldier who, in 1856, became the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States.
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John Coffee
John R. Coffee (June 2, 1772 – July 7, 1833) was an American planter and state militia general in Tennessee.
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John Floyd (Georgia politician)
John Floyd (October 3, 1769 – June 24, 1839) was an American politician and brigadier general in the First Brigade of Georgia Militia in the War of 1812.
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John Gibbon
John Gibbon (April 20, 1827 – February 6, 1896) was a career United States Army officer who fought in the American Civil War and the Indian Wars.
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John Mason (c. 1600–1672)
John Mason (October, 1600 – January 30, 1672), was an early British America settler, soldier, commander, and Deputy Governor of the Connecticut Colony.
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José María Amador
José María Amador (1781 in San Francisco – 1883 in Watsonville, buried in Gilroy, California) was a Californio soldier, rancher, and gold miner.
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Juan de Oñate
Juan de Oñate y Salazar (1550–1626) was a conquistador from New Spain, explorer, and colonial governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in the viceroyalty of New Spain.
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Karankawa people
The Karankawa (also known as Carancahuas, Carancahuases, Carancouas, Caranhouas, Caronkawa) were a Native American people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
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Kern and Sutter massacres
The Kern and Sutter massacres refer to a campaign of terrorism on March 23, 1847 in which men led by Captain Edward M. Kern and rancher John Sutter killed twenty California Indians.
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Kern County, California
Kern County is a county in the U.S. state of California.
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Keyesville massacre
The Keyesville massacre occurred on April 19, 1863, in Tulare County, now Kern County, California, during the Owens Valley Indian War.
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Kickapoo people
The Kickapoo people (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe.
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Kieft's War
Kieft's War, also known as the Wappinger War, was a conflict (1643–1645) between settlers of the nascent colony of New Netherland and the native Lenape population in what would later become the New York metropolitan area of the United States.
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Killough massacre
The Killough Massacre is believed to have been both the largest and last Native American attack on white settlers in East Texas.
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King Philip's War
King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–78 between American Indian inhabitants of the New England region of North America versus New England colonists and their Indian allies.
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King William's War
King William's War (1688–97, also known as the Second Indian War, Father Baudoin's War,Alan F. Williams, Father Baudoin's War: D'Iberville's Campaigns in Acadia and Newfoundland 1696, 1697, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1987. Castin's War,Herbert Milton Sylvester. Indian Wars of New England: The land of the Abenake. The French occupation. King Philip's war. St. Castin's war. 1910. or the First Intercolonial War in French) was the North American theater of the Nine Years' War (1688–97, also known as the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg).
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King Woolsey
King S. Woolsey (ca. 1832 - June 30, 1879) was an American pioneer rancher, Indian-fighter, prospector and politician in 19th century Arizona.
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Kiowa County, Colorado
Kiowa County is one of the 64 counties in the U.S. state of Colorado.
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Kit Carson
Christopher Houston Carson (December 24, 1809 – May 23, 1868), better known as Kit Carson, was an American frontiersman.
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Klamath Lake massacre
The Klamath Lake massacre refers to the murder of at least fourteen Klamath people on the shores of Klamath Lake, now in Oregon in the United States, on 12 May 1846 by a band led by John C. Frémont and Kit Carson.
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Klickitat people
The Klickitat (also spelled Klikitat) are a Native American tribe of the Pacific Northwest.
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Knoxville, Tennessee
Knoxville is a city in the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Knox County.
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Konkow Maidu slaver massacre
The Konkow Maidu slaver massacre refers to an incident in 1847 when several settlers killed 12 to 20 Konkow Maidu in a slave raid near present-day Chico, California.
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La Paz, Arizona
La Paz (Yavapai: Wi:hela) was a short-lived, early gold mining town along the Colorado River in La Paz County on the western border of the U.S. state of Arizona.
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Lachine massacre
The Lachine massacre, part of the Beaver Wars, occurred when 1,500 Mohawk warriors attacked by surprise the small, 375-inhabitant, settlement of Lachine, New France, at the upper end of Montreal Island on the morning of August 5, 1689.
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Lachine, Quebec
Lachine is a borough (arrondissement) within the city of Montreal on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec, Canada.
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Lawrence Sullivan Ross
Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross (September 27, 1838January 3, 1898) was the 19th Governor of Texas, a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War, and a president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now called Texas A&M University.
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Leander, Texas
Leander is a city in Williamson and Travis counties in the U.S. state of Texas.
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Lenape
The Lenape, also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States.
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Limestone County, Texas
Limestone County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.
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List of conflicts in the United States
List of conflicts in the United States is a timeline of events that includes Indian wars, battles, skirmishes, and other related items that have occurred in the United States' geographical area, including overseas territories, since 1775.
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List of events named massacres
The following is a list of events for which one of the commonly accepted names includes the word "massacre." Massacre is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "the indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of people or (less commonly) animals; carnage, butchery, slaughter in numbers".
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List of massacres in the United States
This is a partial list of massacres in the United States; it excludes single perpetrator massacres; death tolls may be approximate.
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Little Turtle
Little Turtle, or Mihšihkinaahkwa (in Miami-Illinois) (1747July 14, 1812), was a chief of the Miami people, and one of the most famous Native American military leaders of his time.
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Logan (Iroquois leader)
Logan the Orator (c. 1723?–1780) was a Cayuga orator and war leader born of one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy.
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Long Run massacre
The Long Run massacre occurred on 13 September 1781 at the intersection of Floyd's Fork creek with Long Run Creek, along the Falls Trace, a trail in what is now eastern Jefferson County, Kentucky.
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Loyalist (American Revolution)
Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men at the time.
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Mabila
The town of Mabila (or Mavila, Mavilla, Mauvilla) was a small fortress town known to Chief Tuskaloosa in 1540, in a region of present-day central Alabama.
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Macon County, Alabama
Macon County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.
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Madison County, Indiana
Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Indiana.
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Mahican
The Mahicans (or Mohicans) are an Eastern Algonquian Native American tribe related to the abutting Delaware people, originally settled in the upper Hudson River Valley (around Albany, New York) and western New England centered on Pittsfield, Massachusetts and lower present-day Vermont.
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Maidu
The Maidu are a Native American people of northern California.
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Maine
Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Marcus Whitman
Marcus Whitman (September 4, 1802 – November 29, 1847) was an American physician.
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Marias Massacre
The Marias Massacre (also known as the Baker Massacre or the Piegan Massacre) was a massacre of a friendly band of Piegan Blackfeet Indians on January 23, 1870, by the United States Army in Montana Territory during the Indian Wars.
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Mary Ann Oatman
Mary Ann Oatman (1844–1851) was the sister of Olive Oatman and a survivor of abuse by the Yavapai people, though many historians argue that it is impossible to know whether or not these were Yavapai or members of some other tribe.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Massachusett
The Massachusett are a Native American people who historically lived in areas surrounding Massachusetts Bay, as well as northeast and southern Massachusetts in what is now the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, including present-day Greater Boston.
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Massapequa, New York
Massapequa is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the southern part of the Town of Oyster Bay in southeastern Nassau County, New York, on Long Island, east of New York City.
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Matagorda County, Texas
Matagorda County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.
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Meeker Massacre
Meeker Massacre and the White River War, Ute War, or the Ute Campaign, were conflicts that began when the Utes attacked an Indian agency on September 29, 1879, killing the Indian agent Nathan Meeker and his 10 male employees, and taking women and children as hostages.
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Mendocino County, California
Mendocino County is a county located on the north coast of the U.S. state of California.
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Mendocino War
The Mendocino War was a violent conflict from July 1859 to January 18, 1860, between white settlers and local natives (mainly Yuki tribes) in Mendocino County, California.
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Meskwaki
The Meskwaki (sometimes spelled Mesquakie) are a Native American people often known to European-Americans as the Fox tribe.
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Miami people
The Miami (Miami-Illinois: Myaamiaki) are a Native American nation originally speaking one of the Algonquian languages.
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Militia (United States)
The militia of the United States, as defined by the U.S. Congress, has changed over time.
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Minnesota
Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.
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Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá
Mission Santa Cruz de San Saba was one of the Spanish missions in Texas.
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Miwok
The Miwok (also spelled Miwuk, Mi-Wuk, or Me-Wuk) are members of four linguistically related Native American groups indigenous to what is now Northern California, who traditionally spoke one of the Miwok languages in the Utian family.
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Mohave people
Mohave or Mojave (Mojave: 'Aha Makhav) are a Native American people indigenous to the Colorado River in the Mojave Desert.
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Mohawk people
The Mohawk people (who identify as Kanien'kehá:ka) are the most easterly tribe of the Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois Confederacy.
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Mohegan
The Mohegan are an American Indian people historically based in present-day Connecticut; the majority are associated with the Mohegan Indian Tribe, a federally recognized tribe living on a reservation in the eastern upper Thames River valley of south-central Connecticut. It is one of two federally recognized tribes in the state, the other being the Mashantucket Pequot whose reservation is in Ledyard, Connecticut. There are also three state-recognized tribes: Schaghticoke, Paugusett, and Eastern Pequot. At the time of European contact, the Mohegan and Pequot were a unified tribal entity living in the southeastern Connecticut region, but the Mohegan gradually became independent as the hegemonic Pequot lost control over their trading empire and tributary groups. The name Pequot was given to the Mohegan by other tribes throughout the northeast and was eventually adopted by themselves. In 1637, English Puritan colonists destroyed a principal fortified village at Mistick with the help of Uncas, Wequash, and the Narragansetts during the Pequot War. This ended with the death of Uncas' cousin Sassacus at the hands of the Mohawk, an Iroquois Confederacy nation from west of the Hudson River. Thereafter, the Mohegan became a separate tribal nation under the leadership of their sachem Uncas. Uncas is a variant anglicized spelling of the Algonquian name Wonkus, which translates to "fox" in English. The word Mohegan (pronounced) translates in their respective Algonquin dialects (Mohegan-Pequot language) as "People of the Wolf". Over time, the Mohegan gradually lost ownership of much of their tribal lands. In 1978, Chief Rolling Cloud Hamilton petitioned for federal recognition of the Mohegan. Descendants of his Mohegan band operate independently of the federally recognized nation. In 1994, a majority group of Mohegan gained federal recognition as the Mohegan Tribe of Indians of Connecticut (MTIC). They have been defined by the United States government as the "successor in interest to the aboriginal entity known as the Mohegan Indian Tribe.", Mohegan Nation (Connecticut) Land Claim Settlement Act (1994), Legal Information Institute, Cornell University Law School, accessed 12 January 2013 The United States took land into trust the same year, under an act of Congress to serve as a reservation for the tribe. Most of the Mohegan people in Connecticut today live on the Mohegan Reservation at near Uncasville in the Town of Montville, New London County. The MTIC operate one of two Mohegan Sun Casinos on their reservation in Uncasville.
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Monarchy of Spain
The monarchy of Spain (Monarquía de España), constitutionally referred to as the Crown (La Corona), is a constitutional institution and historic office of Spain.
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Montana Territory
The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 26, 1864, until November 8, 1889, when it was admitted as the 41st state in the Union as the State of Montana.
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Morgan County, Ohio
Morgan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio.
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Morning Star (chief)
Morning Star (Cheyenne: Vóóhéhéve; also known by his Lakota Sioux name Tȟamílapȟéšni or its translation, Dull Knife) (1810 – 1883) was a great chief of the Northern Cheyenne people and headchief of the Notameohmésêhese ("Northern Eaters"; also simply known as Ȯhmésėhese or "Eaters") band on the northern Great Plains during the 19th century.
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Mowry massacres
The Mowry massacres, also known as the Mowry murders, were a series of Apache attacks in and around the mining town of Mowry, Arizona between 1863 and 1865.
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Munsee
The Munsee (or Minsi or Muncee) or mə́n'si·w are a subtribe of the Lenape, originally constituting one of the three great divisions of that nation and dwelling along the upper portion of the Delaware River, the Minisink, and the adjacent country in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
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Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought.
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Mystic massacre
The Mystic massacre took place on May 26, 1637 during the Pequot War, when Connecticut colonists under Captain John Mason and their Narragansett and Mohegan allies set fire to a Pequot Fort near the Mystic River.
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Nakoda (Stoney)
The Nakoda (also known as Stoney or Îyârhe Nakoda) are an indigenous people in Western Canada and, originally, the United States.
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Narragansett people
The Narragansett tribe are an Algonquian American Indian tribe from Rhode Island.
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Natchez people
The Natchez (Natchez pronunciation) are a Native American people who originally lived in the Natchez Bluffs area in the Lower Mississippi Valley, near the present-day city of Natchez, Mississippi in the United States.
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Natchez revolt
The Natchez revolt, or the Natchez Massacre, was an attack by the Natchez people on French colonists near present-day Natchez, Mississippi, on November 29, 1729.
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Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez is the county seat and only city of Adams County, Mississippi, United States.
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Nathan Meeker
Nathanial Cook "Nathan" Meeker (July 12, 1817 – September 30, 1879) was a 19th-century United States (US) journalist, homesteader, entrepreneur, and Indian agent for the federal government.
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Nathaniel Bacon (Virginia colonist and rebel)
Nathaniel Bacon (January 2, 1647 – October 26, 1676) was a colonist of the Virginia Colony, famous as the instigator of Bacon's Rebellion of 1676, which collapsed when Bacon himself died from dysentery.
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Nathaniel Lyon
Nathaniel Lyon (July 14, 1818 – August 10, 1861) was the first Union general to be killed in the American Civil War and is noted for his actions in the state of Missouri at the beginning of the conflict.
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Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.
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Nauvoo Legion
The Nauvoo Legion was a state-authorized militia of the city of Nauvoo, Illinois.
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Navajo
The Navajo (British English: Navaho, Diné or Naabeehó) are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States.
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New Amsterdam
New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam, or) was a 17th-century Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland.
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New France
New France (Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763.
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New Jersey City University
New Jersey City University (NJCU) is a public university in Jersey City, New Jersey, United States.
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New Mexico
New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.
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New Netherland
New Netherland (Dutch: Nieuw Nederland; Latin: Nova Belgica or Novum Belgium) was a 17th-century colony of the Dutch Republic that was located on the east coast of North America.
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New Sweden
New Sweden (Swedish: Nya Sverige; Uusi Ruotsi; Nova Svecia) was a Swedish colony along the lower reaches of the Delaware River in North America from 1638 to 1655, established during the Thirty Years' War, when Sweden was a great power.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Nez Perce people
The Nez Perce (autonym: Niimíipuu in their own language, meaning "the walking people" or "we, the people") are an Indigenous people of the Plateau who have lived on the Columbia River Plateau in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States for a long time.
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Nine Men's Misery
Nine Men's Misery is a site in current day Cumberland, Rhode Island where nine colonists were tortured by the Narragansett Indian tribe during King Philip's War.
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Non-combatant
Non-combatant is a term of art in the law of war and international humanitarian law, describing civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities; persons—such as combat medics and military chaplains—who are members of the belligerent armed forces but are protected because of their specific duties (as currently described in Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions, adopted in June 1977); combatants who are placed hors de combat; and neutral nationals (including military personnel) who are not fighting for one of the belligerents involved in an armed conflict.
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Norridgewock
Norridgewock was the name of both an Indian village and a band of the Abenaki ("People of the Dawn") Native Americans/First Nations, an Eastern Algonquian tribe of the United States and Canada.
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Northern California
Northern California (colloquially known as NorCal or "The Northstate" for the northern interior counties north of Sacramento to the Oregon stateline) is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California.
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Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
The Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservations (Tsėhéstáno in Cheyenne, formerly named the Tongue River Indian Reservation) is home of the federally recognized Northern Cheyenne Tribe.
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Northern Paiute
Northern Paiute is a Numic tribe that has traditionally lived in the Great Basin in eastern California, western Nevada, and southeast Oregon.
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Oak Run, California
Oak Run is a small unincorporated community east of Redding in Shasta County, California.
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Occaneechi
The Occaneechi (also Occoneechee and Akenatzy) are Native Americans who lived primarily on a large, long Occoneechee Island and east of the confluence of the Dan and Roanoke Rivers, near current day Clarksville, Virginia in the 17th century.
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Old Tassel
Old Tassel (or sometimes Corntassel) (Cherokee language: Utsi'dsata), (died 1788), was "First Beloved Man" (the equivalent of a regional Cherokee chief) of the Overhill Cherokee after 1783.
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Olive Oatman
Olive Ann Oatman (1837 – March 20, 1903) was a woman from Illinois whose family was killed in 1851, when she was fourteen, in present-day Arizona by a Native American tribe, possibly the Tolkepayas (Western Yavapai); they captured and enslaved her and her sister and later sold them to the Mohave people.
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Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.
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Oregon Trail
The Oregon Trail is a historic East–West, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.
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Owens Lake
Owens Lake is a mostly dry lake in the Owens Valley on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada in Inyo County, California.
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Pamunkey
The Pamunkey Indian Tribe is one of 11 Virginia Indian tribes recognized by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the state's first federally recognized tribe, receiving its status in January 2016.
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Paspahegh
The Paspahegh tribe were tributaries to the Powhatan paramount chiefdom, incorporated into the chiefdom around 1596 or 1597.
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Patrick Edward Connor
Patrick Edward Connor (March 17, 1820Rodgers, 1938, p. 1 – December 17, 1891) was a Union General during the American Civil War.
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Paul A. W. Wallace
Paul Anthony Wilson Wallace (1891–1967) was a Canadian historian and anthropologist who specialized in colonial American history, focusing on Pennsylvania Germans and Native Americans in Pennsylvania.
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Pauma massacre
The Pauma massacre occurred in December 1846, north of Escondido, California.
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Pavonia, New Netherland
Pavonia was the first European settlement on the west bank of the North River (Hudson River) that was part of the seventeenth-century province of New Netherland in what would become the present Hudson County, New Jersey.
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Paxton Boys
The Paxton Boys were frontiersmen of Scots-Irish origin from along the Susquehanna River in central Pennsylvania who formed a vigilante group to retaliate in 1763 against local American Indians in the aftermath of the French and Indian War and Pontiac's Rebellion.
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Peach Tree War
The Peach Tree War, also known as the Peach War, was a large-scale attack by the Susquehannock Nation and allied Native Americans on several New Netherland settlements along the Hudson River (then called the North River), centered on New Amsterdam and Pavonia on September 15, 1655.
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Pelham Bay Park
Pelham Bay Park is a municipal park located in the northeast corner of the New York City borough of the Bronx.
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Pequot
The Pequot are Native American people of the U.S. state of Connecticut.
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Pequot War
The Pequot War was an armed conflict that took place between 1636 and 1638 in New England between the Pequot tribe and an alliance of the colonists of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies and their allies from the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes.
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Peter Stuyvesant
Peter Stuyvesant (English pronunciation /ˈstaɪv.ə.sənt/; in Dutch also Pieter and Petrus Stuyvesant; (1610Mooney, James E. "Stuyvesant, Peter" in p.1256–1672) served as the last Dutch director-general of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York. He was a major figure in the early history of New York City and his name has been given to various landmarks and points of interest throughout the city (e.g. Stuyvesant High School, Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village, Stuyvesant Plaza, Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood, etc.). Stuyvesant's accomplishments as director-general included a great expansion for the settlement of New Amsterdam beyond the southern tip of Manhattan. Among the projects built by Stuyvesant's administration were the protective wall on Wall Street, the canal that became Broad Street, and Broadway. Stuyvesant, himself a member of the Dutch Reformed Church, opposed religious pluralism and came into conflict with Lutherans, Jews, Roman Catholics and Quakers as they attempted to build places of worship in the city and practice their faiths.
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Philip III of Spain
Philip III (Felipe; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain.
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Piegan Blackfeet
The Piegan (Blackfoot: Piikáni) are an Algonquian-speaking people from the North American Great Plains.
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Pigeon Roost State Historic Site
Pigeon Roost State Historic Site is located between Scottsburg and Henryville, Indiana, near Underwood, Indiana.
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Pima people
The Pima (or Akimel O'odham, also spelled Akimel O'otham, "River People", formerly known as Pima) are a group of Native Americans living in an area consisting of what is now central and southern Arizona.
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Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
The Pine Ridge Indian Reservation (Wazí Aháŋhaŋ Oyáŋke), also called Pine Ridge Agency, is an Oglala Lakota Native American reservation located in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
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Pit River
The Pit River is a major river draining from northeastern California into the state's Central Valley.
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Pocomtuc
The Pocumtuc (v. Pocomtuck) or Deerfield Indians were a prominent Native American tribe originally inhabiting western areas of what is now Massachusetts, especially around the confluence of the Deerfield and Connecticut Rivers in today's Franklin County.
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Pomo
The Pomo are an indigenous people of California.
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Pontiac's War
Pontiac's War (also known as Pontiac's Conspiracy or Pontiac's Rebellion) was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes, primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754–1763).
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Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
The population figures for indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus have proven difficult to establish.
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Potawatomi
ThePottawatomi, also spelled Pottawatomie and Potawatomi (among many variations), are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River, and western Great Lakes region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian family. The Potawatomi called themselves Neshnabé, a cognate of the word Anishinaabe. The Potawatomi were part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa). In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi were considered the "youngest brother" and were referred to in this context as Bodéwadmi, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and refers to the council fire of three peoples. In the 19th century, they were pushed to the west by European/American encroachment in the late 18th century and removed from their lands in the Great Lakes region to reservations in Oklahoma. Under Indian Removal, they eventually ceded many of their lands, and most of the Potawatomi relocated to Nebraska, Kansas, and Indian Territory, now in Oklahoma. Some bands survived in the Great Lakes region and today are federally recognized as tribes. In Canada, there are over 20 First Nation bands.
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Potomac River
The Potomac River is located within the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States and flows from the Potomac Highlands into the Chesapeake Bay.
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Pound Ridge massacre
The Pound Ridge massacre was a battle of Kieft's War that took place in March 1644 between the forces of New Netherland and members of the Wappinger Confederacy at a Wappinger Confederacy village in the present-day town of Pound Ridge, New York.
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Pound Ridge, New York
Pound Ridge is a town in Westchester County, New York, United States.
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Powhatan
The Powhatan People (sometimes Powhatans) (also spelled Powatan) are an Indigenous group traditionally from Virginia.
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Pre-Columbian era
The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.
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Prescott, Arizona
Prescott (ʼWi:kwatha Ksikʼita) is a city in Yavapai County, Arizona, United States.
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Preston, Idaho
Preston is a city in Franklin County, Idaho, United States.
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Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
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Province of Massachusetts Bay
The Province of Massachusetts Bay was a crown colony in British North America and one of the thirteen original states of the United States from 1776.
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Province of New York
The Province of New York (1664–1776) was a British proprietary colony and later royal colony on the northeast coast of North America.
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Pueblo Revolt
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680—also known as Popé's Rebellion—was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico.
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Puebloans
The Puebloans or Pueblo peoples are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material and religious practices.
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Punitive expedition
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a state or any group of persons outside the borders of the punishing state.
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Queen Anne's War
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the North American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession, as known in the British colonies, and the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought between France and England in North America for control of the continent.
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Raid on Deerfield
The 1704 Raid on Deerfield (or the Deerfield Massacre) occurred during Queen Anne's War on February 29 when French and Native American forces under the command of Jean-Baptiste Hertel de Rouville attacked the English frontier settlement at Deerfield, Massachusetts, just before dawn, burning part of the town, killing 47 villagers, and taking 112 settlers captive to Montreal.
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Raid on York (1692)
The Raid on York (also known as the Candlemas Massacre) took place on 24 January 1692 during King William's War, when Chief Madockawando and Father Louis-Pierre Thury led 200-300 natives into the town of York (then in the District of Maine and part of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, now in the state of Maine), killing about 100 of the English settlers and burning down buildings, taking another estimated 80 villagers hostage. The villagers were forced to walk to Canada, New France, where they were ransomed by Capt. John Alden Jr. of Boston (son of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins of the Plymouth Colony). One of those taken Captive was a young Jeremiah Moulton, who would later gain notoriety during the Father Rale's War. Capt. Floyd wrote that "the houses are all burned and rifled except the half dozen or thereabout"...later in the same letter he adds: "there is about seventeen or eighteen houses burned". Forty-eight people were buried by Capt. Floyd, and the remaining number were young children whose names never appeared on the existing town records. Amongst those killed was Reverend Shubael Dummer, the Congregational church minister; Dummer was shot at his own front door, while Dummer's wife, Lydia and their son, were carried away captive where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy. The Indians set fire to all undefended houses on the north side of the York River, the principal route for trade and around which the town had grown. After the settlement was reduced to ashes, however, it was rebuilt on higher ground at what is today York Village. Capt. John Flood, who had come with the militia from Portsmouth, found on his arrival that "the greatest part of the whole town was burned and robbed," with nearly 50 killed and another 100 captured. He reported that Rev. Dummer was "barbarously murthered, stript naked, cut and mangled by these sons of Beliall." Today the event is commemorated annually in York, with historical re-enactments and lectures, events presented by the Old York Historical Society and sponsored in part by the Maine Humanities Council. There is a memorial plaque in York on a large stone where, according to the plaque, Abenaki Indians left their snowshoes before creeping into York and attacking the settlers.
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Rancheria Tulea massacre
The Rancheria Tulea massacre refers to an incident in March 1847 when White slavers killed five Indians in retaliation for the escape of Indian slaves.
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Raritan people
The Raritan were bands of the Lenape people living around the Raritan River and its bay, in what is now northeastern New Jersey and Staten Island, New York.
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Raton, New Mexico
Raton (ra-TONE) is a city and the county seat of Colfax County in northeastern New Mexico.
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Red Sticks
Red Sticks (also Redsticks or Red Clubs), the name deriving from the red-painted war clubs of some Native American Creeks—refers to an early 19th-century traditionalist faction of these people in the American Southeast.
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Rhode Island
Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States.
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Rio Chama
The Rio Chama, a major tributary river of the Rio Grande, is located in the U.S. states of Colorado and New Mexico.
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Rio Dell, California
Rio Dell (formerly, Rio Del and Eagle Prairie) is a city in Humboldt County, California, United States.
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Roanoke River
The Roanoke River is a river in southern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina in the United States, long.
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Robert Heizer
Robert Fleming Heizer (July 13, 1915 – July 18, 1979) was an archaeologist who conducted extensive fieldwork and reporting in California, the Southwestern United States, and the Great Basin.
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Rogers' Rangers
Rogers' Rangers was initially a provincial company from the colony of New Hampshire, attached to the British Army during the Seven Years' War, also known as the French and Indian War.
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Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation
The Round Valley Indian Reservation is a federally recognized Indian reservation lying primarily in northern Mendocino County, California, United States.
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Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859
The Yuki genocide or Round Valley Settler Massacres of 1856–1859 were a series of attacks committed by White settlers against the Yuki people of Round Valley, Mendocino County, California.
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Round Valley, California
Round Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Inyo County, California, United States.
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Sacramento River massacre
The Sacramento River massacre refers to the killing of several hundred Wintu people on the banks of the Sacramento River on 5 April 1846 by an expedition band led by Captain John C. Frémont of Virginia.
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Saint-François-du-Lac, Quebec
Saint-François-du-Lac is a community in the Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality of Quebec, Canada.
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Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah.
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San Antonio
San Antonio (Spanish for "Saint Anthony"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.
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Sand Creek massacre
The Sand Creek Massacre (also known as the Chivington Massacre, the Battle of Sand Creek or the Massacre of Cheyenne Indians) was a massacre in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of Colorado U.S. Volunteer Cavalry under the command of U.S. Army Colonel John Chivington attacked and destroyed a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho in southeastern Colorado Territory, killing and mutilating an estimated 70–500 Native Americans, about two-thirds of whom were women and children.
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Sandia Mountains
The Sandia Mountains (Southern Tiwa: Posu gai hoo-oo, Navajo: Dził Nááyisí) are a mountain range located in Bernalillo and Sandoval counties, immediately to the east of the city of Albuquerque in New Mexico in the southwestern United States.
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Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada, the only province without natural borders.
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Sauk people
The Sac or Sauk are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group, who lived primarily in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin, when first encountered by the French in 1667.
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Sébastien Rale
Sébastien Racle (anglicized as Sebastian Rale or Râle, Rasle, Rasles (January 20, 1657 – August 23, 1724)) was a Jesuit missionary and lexicographer who worked among the eastern Abenaki people.
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Scalping
Scalping is the act of cutting or tearing a part of the human scalp, with hair attached, from the head of an enemy as a trophy.
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Schenectady massacre
The Schenectady Massacre was an attack against the village of Schenectady in the colony of New York on 8 February 1690.
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Schenectady, New York
Schenectady is a city in Schenectady County, New York, United States, of which it is the county seat.
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Seminole
The Seminole are a Native American people originally from Florida.
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Seminole Wars
The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole, a Native American tribe that formed in Florida in the early 18th century, and the United States Army.
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Seneca people
The Seneca are a group of indigenous Iroquoian-speaking people native to North America who historically lived south of Lake Ontario.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Shasta, California
Shasta is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States.
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Shawnee
The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what became Ohio and Kentucky eastward to West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland; south to Alabama and South Carolina; and westward to Indiana, and Illinois. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, with some removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. Made up of different historical and kinship groups, today there are three federally recognized Shawnee tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma: the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.
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Shingletown, California
Shingletown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States.
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Shoshone
The Shoshone or Shoshoni are a Native American tribe with four large cultural/linguistic divisions.
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Siege of Fort William Henry
The Siege of Fort William Henry was conducted in August 1757 by French General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm against the British-held Fort William Henry.
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Siege of Pueblo de Taos
The Siege of Pueblo de Taos was the final battle during the main phase of the Taos Revolt, an insurrection against the United States during the Mexican-American War.
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Sioux
The Sioux also known as Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America.
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Siwanoy
The Native American Siwanoy or Sinawoy were a tribe of the Wappinger Confederacy, in what is now the New York City area.
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Skull Creek massacre
The Skull Creek massacre refers to the murder of at least 19 Karankawa people in Mexican Texas by a company of white colonists in February 1823.
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South Carolina
South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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South Dakota
South Dakota is a U.S. state in the Midwestern region of the United States.
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South Kingstown, Rhode Island
South Kingstown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 30,639 at the 2010 census. South Kingstown is the largest town in Washington County and is the largest town (land and water area) in the state of Rhode Island.
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Southern Paiute
Southern Paiute is a tribe of Native Americans that have lived in the Colorado River basin of southern Nevada, northern Arizona, and southern Utah.
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Southwestern Oklahoma
Southwest Oklahoma is a geographical name for the southwest portion of the state of Oklahoma, typically considered to be south of the Canadian River, extending eastward from the Texas border to a line roughly from Weatherford, to Anadarko, to Duncan.
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Spirit Lake Massacre
The Spirit Lake Massacre (March 8–12, 1857) was an attack by a Wahpekute band of Santee Sioux on scattered Iowa frontier settlements during a severe winter.
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St. Francis Raid
The St.
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Staten Island
Staten Island is the southernmost and westernmost of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York.
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Stockbridge Militia
The Stockbridge Militia was a Patriot, American military unit from Stockbridge, Massachusetts which served in the American Revolutionary War.
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Stockport
Stockport is a large town in Greater Manchester, England, south-east of Manchester city centre, where the River Goyt and Tame merge to create the River Mersey.
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Susanna Cole
Susanna Cole (née Hutchinson; 1633 – before December 14, 1713) was the lone survivor of an American Indian attack in which many of her siblings were killed, as well as her famed mother Anne Hutchinson.
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Susquehannock
Susquehannock people, also called the Conestoga (by the English)The American Heritage Book of Indians, pages 188-189 were Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans who lived in areas adjacent to the Susquehanna River and its tributaries ranging from its upper reaches in the southern part of what is now New York (near the lands of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy), through eastern and central Pennsylvania West of the Poconos and the upper Delaware River (and the Delaware nations), with lands extending beyond the mouth of the Susquehanna in Maryland along the west bank of the Potomac at the north end of the Chesapeake Bay.
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Sutter Buttes massacre
The Sutter Buttes massacre refers to the murder of several California Indians on the Sacramento River near Sutter Buttes in June 1846 by a militarized expeditionary band led by Captain John C. Frémont of Virginia.
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Swansea, Massachusetts
Swansea is a town in Bristol County in southeastern Massachusetts.
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Sylvester Mowry
Sylvester Mowry (January 17, 1833 – October 17, 1871) was an American politician, miner, and land speculator.
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Takelma
The Takelma (also Dagelma) are a Native American people who originally lived in the Rogue Valley of interior southwestern Oregon.
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Tappan tribe
The Tappan were a Lenape people who inhabited the region radiating from Hudson Palisades and New York – New Jersey Highlands in at the time of European colonialization in the 17th century.
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Tübatulabal
The Tübatulabal are an indigenous people of Kern River Valley in the Sierra Nevada range of Southern California.
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Temecula massacre
The Temecula massacre took place in December 1846 east of present-day Temecula, California, United States.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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Texas A&M University Press
Texas A&M University Press (also known informally as TAMU Press) is a scholarly publishing house associated with Texas A&M University.
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The Bronx
The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, in the U.S. state of New York.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr
Thomas West, 3rd and 12th Baron De La Warr (9 July 1577 – 7 June 1618) was an English politician, for whom the bay, the river, and, consequently, a Native American people and U.S. state, all later called "Delaware", were named.
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Tiguex War
Although the DeSoto expedition fought numerous battles earlier, the Tiguex War was the first named war between Europeans and Native Americans in what is now the United States.
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Timpanogos
The Timpanogos (Timpanog, Utahs or Utah Indians) were a tribe of Native Americans who inhabited a large part of central Utah—particularly, the area from Utah Lake eastward to the Uinta Mountains and south into present-day Sanpete County.
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Timucua
The Timucua were a Native American people who lived in Northeast and North Central Florida and southeast Georgia.
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Tolowa
The Tolowa people or Taa-laa-wa Dee-ni’ are a Native American people of the Athabaskan-speaking ethno-linguistic group.
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Tompiro Indians
The Tompiro Indians were Pueblo Indians living in New Mexico.
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Tonkawa
The Tonkawa are a Native American tribe indigenous to present-day Oklahoma and Texas.
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Tonkawa massacre
The Tonkawa massacre (October 23–24, 1862) occurred after an attack at the Confederate held Wichita Agency, located at Fort Sill near Anadarko in Oklahoma, when a force of pro-Union tribes attacked the agency, home to 300 members of the Tonkawa, a tribe sympathetic to the Confederacy.
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Torture
Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.
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Trinity County, California
Trinity County is a county in the northwestern part of the state of California.
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Tucson Citizen
The Tucson Citizen was a daily newspaper in Tucson, Arizona.
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Turners Falls, Massachusetts
Turners Falls is an unincorporated village and census-designated place in the town of Montague in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Tuscarora people
The Tuscarora (in Tuscarora Skarù:ręˀ, "hemp gatherers" or "Shirt-Wearing People") are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government of the Iroquoian-language family, with members today in North Carolina, New York, and Ontario.
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Tututni
Tututni tribe is a historic Native American tribe, one of Lower Rogue River Athabascan tribes from southwestern Oregon whomsigned the 1855 Coast Treaty, and were removed to the Siletz Indian Reservation in Oregon.
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Umatilla people
The Umatilla are a Sahaptin-speaking Native American tribe who traditionally inhabited the Columbia Plateau region of the northwestern United States, along the Umatilla and Columbia rivers.
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Union (American Civil War)
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food.
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Upper Lake, California
Upper Lake is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, California, United States.
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Utah Valley
Utah Valley is a valley in North Central Utah located in Utah County, and is considered part of the Wasatch Front.
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Ute people
Ute people are Native Americans of the Ute tribe and culture and are among the Great Basin classification of Indigenous People.
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Ute Wars
The Ute Wars were a series of conflicts between the Ute people and the United States which began in 1849 and ended in 1923.
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Utter Party Massacre
The Utter Party Massacre was an attack by Native Americans on September 9 or 13, 1860, that killed or captured 29 of a group of 44 emigrants on a fork of the Oregon Trail in Washington Territory (modern day Idaho), United States.
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Victorio
Victorio (Bidu-ya, Beduiat; ca. 1825–October 14, 1880) was a warrior and chief of the Warm Springs band of the Tchihendeh (or Chihenne, usually called Mimbreño) division of the central Apaches in what is now the American states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and the Mexican states of Sonora and Chihuahua.
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Victory, Wisconsin
Victory is an unincorporated community in the Town of Wheatland in Vernon County, Wisconsin.
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Virginia
Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.
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Walden, New York
Walden is the largest of three villages of the Town of Montgomery in Orange County, New York, United States.
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Walla Walla people
Walla Walla, sometimes Waluulapam, are a Sahaptin indigenous people of the Northwest Plateau.
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Walla Walla, Washington
Walla Walla is the largest city and the county seat of Walla Walla County, Washington, United States.
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Wampanoag
The Wampanoag, also rendered Wôpanâak, are an American Indian people in North America.
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Wappinger
The Wappinger were an Eastern Algonquian-speaking tribe from New York and Connecticut.
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Wappo
The Wappo are an indigenous people of northern California.
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War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies from June 1812 to February 1815.
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Ward Churchill
Ward LeRoy Churchill (born 1947) is an author and political activist.
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Washoe County, Nevada
Washoe County is a county in the U.S. state of Nevada.
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Wessagusset Colony
Wessagusset Colony (sometimes called the Weston Colony or Weymouth Colony) was a short-lived English trading colony in New England located in present-day Weymouth, Massachusetts.
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Westervelt massacre
The Westervelt massacre, also known as the Westerfield massacre, was an indigenous attack on a caravan of Dutch frontier settlers that occurred during the American Revolutionary War around 3:00 am on June 27, 1780 in Kentucky County, Virginia, the present day state of Kentucky.
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Wethersfield, Connecticut
Wethersfield is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States.
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Whitman massacre
The Whitman massacre (also known as the Walla Walla massacre and the Whitman Incident) was the murder of Oregon missionaries Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa, along with eleven others, on November 29, 1847.
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Wichita Mountains
The Wichita Mountains are located in the southwestern portion of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
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Wichita people
The Wichita people are a confederation of Midwestern Native Americans.
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Wickenburg Massacre
The Wickenburg Massacre was the 5 November 1871 mass murder of six stagecoach passengers en route from Wickenburg, Arizona Territory, westbound for San Bernardino, California, on the La Paz road.
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Willem Kieft
Willem Kieft (September 1597, Amsterdam – September 27, 1647) was a Dutch merchant and the Director of New Netherland (of which New Amsterdam was the capital) from 1638 to 1647.
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William S. Harney
William Selby Harney (August 22, 1800 – May 9, 1889) was a Tennessee-born cavalry officer in the U.S. Army, who became known (and controversial) during the Indian Wars and the Mexican-American War.
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Winnemucca Lake
Winnemucca Lake is a dry lake bed that features the oldest known petroglyphs in North America.
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Wintu
The Wintu (also Northern Wintun) are Native Americans who live in what is now Northern California.
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Wintun
The Wintun are members of several related Native American peoples of Northern California, including the Wintu (northern), Nomlaki (central), and Patwin (southern).
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.
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Wiyot
The Wiyot (Chetco-Tolowa: Wee-’at Yurok: Weyet) are an indigenous people of California living near Humboldt Bay, California and a small surrounding area.
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Wolfers (hunting)
Wolfers was a term used to refer to both professional and civilian wolf hunters who operated in North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Wounded Knee Massacre
The Wounded Knee Massacre (also called the Battle of Wounded Knee) occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek (Lakota: Čhaŋkpé Ópi Wakpála) on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota.
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Wounded Knee, South Dakota
Wounded Knee (Lakota: Čaŋkpé Opí) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota, United States.
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Wyandot people
The Wyandot people or Wendat, also called the Huron Nation and Huron people, in most historic references are believed to have been the most populous confederacy of Iroquoian cultured indigenous peoples of North America.
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Yakama
The Yakama is a Native American tribe with nearly 10,851 members, inhabiting Washington state.
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Yamasee
The Yamasee were a multiethnic confederation of Native Americans who lived in the coastal region of present-day northern coastal Georgia near the Savannah River and later in northeastern Florida.
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Yamasee War
The Yamasee or Yemassee War (1715–1717) was a conflict between British settlers of colonial South Carolina and various Native American tribes, including the Yamasee, Muscogee, Cherokee, Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee, Congaree, Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others.
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Yana people
The Yana were a group of Native Americans indigenous to Northern California in the central Sierra Nevada, on the western side of the range.
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Yavapai
Yavapai are a Native American tribe in Arizona.
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Yavapai County, Arizona
Yavapai County is near the center of the U.S. state of Arizona.
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Yellow Creek massacre
The Yellow Creek massacre was a brutal killing of several Mingo Indians by Virginia frontiersmen on April 30, 1774.
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Yemassee, South Carolina
Yemassee is a small Lowcountry town in Beaufort and Hampton counties in the U.S. state of South Carolina.
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Yontocket, California
Yontocket (Tolowa: yan’-daa-k’vt) is an unincorporated community in Del Norte County, California located west-southwest of Smith River, at an elevation of 26 feet (8 m) alongside Yontocket Slough.
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Yontoket massacre
The Yontocket massacre or Burnt Ranch massacre was an 1853 massacre of Tolowa people at the village of Yontocket (Tolowa: yan’-daa-k’vt), northwestern California.
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York, Maine
York is a town in York County, Maine, United States, near the southern tip of the state.
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Zia Pueblo, New Mexico
Zia Pueblo (Eastern Keres: Tsi'ya, Pueblo de Zía) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sandoval County, New Mexico, United States.
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1860 Wiyot massacre
The Wiyot massacre refers to the incidents on February 26, 1860, at Tuluwat on what is now known as Indian Island, near Eureka in Humboldt County, California.
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7th Cavalry Regiment
The 7th Cavalry Regiment is a United States Army cavalry regiment formed in 1866.
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8th Cavalry Regiment
The 8th Cavalry Regiment is a regiment of the United States Army formed in 1866 during the American Indian Wars.
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Redirects here:
List of Native American massacres, List of native american massacres.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_massacres
