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369 relations: Abipón, Achagua, Aché, Achuar, Acre (state), Aguano, Aguaruna people, Aikanã, Aimoré, Akuntsu, Akurio people, Alacalufe, Allentiac language, Amahuaca, Amaicha, Amanayé, Amapá, Amazonas (Brazilian state), Amazonas Department, Amotape complex, Andaquí, Andean civilizations, Andoque, Aparai, Apiacá, Apinajé, Apurinã, Arara (Pará), Arara (Rondônia), Arawakan languages, Araweté, Archaeology of the Americas, Arhuaco, Arua, Asháninka, Atacama people, Auaké, Aush, Awa-Kwaiker, Awá (Brazil), Aweti, Aymara people, Ayoreo, Bahía culture, Banawá, Baniwa, Barasana, Baré people, Beni Department, Bolivia, ..., Bonari, Bora people, Bororo, Brazil, Cañari, Calamari people, Calchaquí, Calima culture, Cambeba, Canelos-Quichua, Capulí culture, Cara culture, Cari people, Caribbean, Cashibo, Cauca culture, Ceará, Central America, Ch'unchu, Chachapoya culture, Chachi people, Chaima, Chamacoco, Chaná, Chané, Chancay, Chango people, Chanka, Charrúa, Chavín culture, Chácobo, Chicoana, Chimú culture, Chincha culture, Chiquitano, Chiquitos, Chono, Cinta Larga, Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas, Cofán, Colombia, Comechingón, Conchucos District, Cotopaxi Province, Cubeo, Cumanagoto people, Cupisnique, Cusco Region, Dâw, Diaguita, Ecuador, Enawene Nawe, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Enxet, Ese Ejja, Espírito Santo, Flecheiros, French Guiana, Gavião (Gê), Gê peoples, Goiás, Guahibo, Guahibo language, Guajajara, Guane people, Guaraní people, Guarani-Kaiowá, Guarayos, Guató, Guaycuru peoples, Guayupe, Guyana, Handbook of South American Indians, Harakmbut, Haush, Het peoples, Himarimã, History of Ecuador, Hiwi people, Huambisa, Huanca people, Huaorani people, Huarpe, Huánuco Region, Huilliche language, Huilliche people, Hupda, Ikpeng, Inca Empire, Indigenous peoples of South America, Ingarikó, Iyo'wujwa Chorote language, Iyojwa'ja Chorote language, Jamamadi, Jibito, Jivaroan peoples, Julian Steward, Juma people, Junín Region, Ka'apor, Kadiweu, Kagwahiva language, Kalapalo, Kalina people, Kamayurá, Kamëntsá, Kanamarí language, Kanoê, Karajá, Karitiana, Kawahiva, Kaxinawá, Kaxixó, Kayabí, Kayapo, Kichwa language, Killke culture, Kogi people, Korubo, Kuikuro, Kulina people, Kuruaya, Kwaza people, La Paz Department (Bolivia), Lache people, Las Vegas culture (archaeology), Latundê, Lauricocha culture, Lima culture, List of indigenous peoples of Brazil, List of pre-Columbian cultures, Lokono, Loreto Region, Los Ríos Province, Lule language, Macaguaje language, Machalilla culture, Machiguenga, Machinere, Macuna, Macushi, Madre de Dios Region, Maina people, Manteño civilization, Mapoyo-Yabarana language, Mapuche, Marajoara culture, Maranhão, Mariche people, Mashco-Piro, Matipu, Matis, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Matsés, Mawé people, Mbayá, Mehinaku, Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America, Minuane, Moche culture, Mocoví, Mollo culture, Morona-Santiago Province, Motilon, Moxo, Muisca, Munduruku, Mura people, Muzo people, Nahukuá, Nambikwara, Napo Province, Nazca culture, Nivaclé, Norte Chico civilization, Nukak, Ofayé, Omagua, Orealla, Oriente (Ecuador), Pacahuara, Paez people, Pai Tavytera, Paiján culture, Palikur, Panará, Panche people, Panoan languages, Panzaleo language, Paracas culture, Parakanã people, Pará, Parintintín, Pastaza Province, Patagonia, Patamona people, Pataxó, Patángoro people, Pehuenche, Pemon, Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru, Peru, Piapoco language, Piaroa people, Picaresque novel, Picunche, Pijao people, Pilagá language, Pirahã, Pocra culture, Potiguara, Pre-Columbian era, Promaucae, Puelche, Putumayo Department, Q'ero, Quechua people, Querandí, Quijos-Quichua, Quilmes people, Quimbaya civilization, Quitu culture, Qulla, Recuay culture, Rikbaktsa, Rondônia, Roraima, Saliba language, Sanapaná, Santa Catarina (state), Sanumá, Saraguro, Sápara, Selk'nam people, Shipibo-Conibo people, Shuar, Sican culture, Sikiana, Siona people, Siriano, Suriname, Suruí (Pará), Sutagao people, Suyá, Tabajara, Tahamí people, Tairona, Tallán, Tapirapé, Tariana, Teahouse (play), Tegua people, Tehuelche people, Tembé, Tenharim, Terena people, Teushen, Ticuna, Tinigua, Tiriyó, Tiwanaku, Tiwanaku empire, Toba people, Toro people, Toromona, Trumai, Tsáchila, Tsimané, Tucano language, Tucano people, Tucanoan languages, Tupiniquim, Turiwára, U'wa people, Ucayali Region, Umutina, Urarina people, Uru people, Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Uru-Murato, Valdivia culture, Vananaq, Venezuela, Vilela people, Virú culture, Wai-wai people, Waimiri-Atroari, Wapishana, Warao people, Wari culture, Wari’, Waura, Wayampi, Wayana, Wayuu people, Wichí, Witoto people, Wounaan language, Xakriabá, Xavante, Xerente, Xukuru, Yaghan people, Yagua people, Yaminawa language, Yaminawá, Yanesha people, Yanomami, Yarigui people, Yaro people, Yawalapiti, Ye'kuana, Yudjá, Yukpa people, Yuqui, Zenú, Zo'é, Zuruahã. Expand index (319 more) »
Abipón
The Abipones (Abipones, singular Abipón) were an indigenous peoples of Argentina's Gran Chaco, speakers of one of the Guaicuruan languages.
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Achagua
The Achagua (also Achawa and Axagua) are an indigenous people of Colombia and Venezuela.
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Aché
The Aché are an indigenous people of Paraguay.
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Achuar
The Achuar are an Amazonian community of some 18,500 individuals along either side of the border in between Ecuador and Peru.
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Acre (state)
Acre is a state located in the northern region of Brazil.
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Aguano
The Aguano (also Awano, Ahuano, Hilaca, Uguano, Aguanu, Santacrucino, Tibilo) are a people of Peru.
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Aguaruna people
The Aguaruna (or Awajún, their endonym) are an indigenous people of the Peruvian jungle.
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Aikanã
The Aikanã are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in the state of Rondônia, in the western Amazonian lowlands.
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Aimoré
The Aimoré (Aymore, Aimboré) are one of several South American peoples of eastern Brazil called Botocudo in Portuguese (from botoque, a plug), in allusion to the wooden disks or tembetás worn in their lips and ears.
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Akuntsu
The Akuntsu (also known as Akunt'su or Akunsu) are an indigenous people of Rondônia, Brazil.
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Akurio people
The Akurio are an indigenous people, living in Suriname.
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Alacalufe
The Alacalufe, also known as the Kawésqar, Kaweskar, Alacaluf or Halakwulup (meaning "mussel eater" in Yaghan), are an indigenous people who live in Chilean Patagonia, specifically in the Brunswick Peninsula, and Wellington, Santa Inés, and Desolación islands of the western area of Tierra del Fuego.
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Allentiac language
Allentiac (Alyentiyak), also known as Huarpe (Warpe), was one of two known Warpean languages.
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Amahuaca
The Amahuaca or Amhuaca are indigenous peoples of the southeastern Amazon Basin in Peru and Brazil.
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Amaicha
The Amaichas were a Diaguitan tribe who once lived in northwestern region of Argentina.
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Amanayé
The Amanayé (Amanayé/Amanaié or Ararandeuara/Araradeua) are a self-denomination Tupi-Guaranian people of Native South American nation of Brazil's Amazon basin.
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Amapá
Amapá is a state located in the northern region of Brazil.
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Amazonas (Brazilian state)
Amazonas is a state of Brazil, located in the North Region in the northwestern corner of the country.
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Amazonas Department
Department of Amazonas (Departamento del Amazonas) is a department of Colombia in the south of the country.
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Amotape complex
The Amotape complex is an archaeological culture on the northern coast of Peru dated to between c. 9,000 and 7,100 BCE.
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Andaquí
The Andaquí are an indigenous people of Colombia, who live in the Upper Caquetá River Basin, the Fragua Valley of Cauca Department, and the Suaza Valley of southwest Huila Department.
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Andean civilizations
The Andean civilizations were a patchwork of different cultures and peoples that developed from the Andes of Colombia southward down the Andes to northern Argentina and Chile, plus the coastal deserts of Peru and northern Chile.
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Andoque
Andoque (or Andoke) are an indigenous people in Colombia.
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Aparai
The Aparai or Apalai are an indigenous people of Brazil, who live in Amapá and Pará states.
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Apiacá
The Apiacá, or Apiaká, are an indigenous people of Brazil, who live in northern Mato Grosso, near the border of Pará.
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Apinajé
The Apinajé (otherwise known as Apinayé, Afotigé, Aogé, Apinagé, Otogé, Oupinagee, Pinagé, Pinaré, Uhitische, Utinsche, and Western Timbira) are an indigenous people of Brazil called Gê, living in the state of Tocantins, Eastern Central Brazil.
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Apurinã
The Apurinã, also called TheIpurinã, Ipurinãn, Kangite, Popengare (endonym), are an indigenous people who live near the Purus River in western Brazil and speak Apurinã.
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Arara (Pará)
The Arara people, also called Arara do Pará are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in the state of Pará, Brazil.
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Arara (Rondônia)
The Arara are an indigenous people of Brazil native to the state of Rondônia.
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Arawakan languages
Arawakan (Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper), also known as Maipurean (also Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre), is a language family that developed among ancient indigenous peoples in South America.
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Araweté
The Araweté (also Arawate, Araueté or Bïde) are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Archaeology of the Americas
The archaeology of the Americas is the study of the archaeology of North America (Mesoamerica included), Central America, South America and the Caribbean.
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Arhuaco
The Arhuaco are an indigenous people of Colombia.
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Arua
Arua is a town and commercial centre within the Arua District in the Northern Region of Uganda.
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Asháninka
The Asháninka or Asháninca are an indigenous people living in the rainforests of Peru and in the State of Acre, Brazil.
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Atacama people
The Atacama people, known as atacameños or atacamas in Spanish and kunzas, likan-antai or likanantaí in English, are an indigenous people from the Atacama Desert and altiplano region in the north of Chile and Argentina and southern Bolivia.
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Auaké
Auaké is a Native South American nation of the Amazon rainforest of Venezuela and Brazil.
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Aush
Aush (Pashto/Dari: اَښ) sometimes spelled Ash or Āsh, is an Afghan soup dish made with noodles and different vegetables in a tomato-based broth.
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Awa-Kwaiker
The Awá, also known as the Kwaiker or Awa-Kwaiker, are an ancient indigenous people of Ecuador and Colombia.
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Awá (Brazil)
The Awá, or Guajá, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the eastern Amazon rainforest.
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Aweti
The Aweti people are a group of Native Americans living in the Xingu Indigenous Park, close to the headwaters of the Xingu River in Brazil.
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Aymara people
The Aymara or Aimara (aymara) people are an indigenous nation in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 1 million live in Bolivia, Peru and Chile.
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Ayoreo
The Ayoreo (Ayoreode, Ayoréo, Ayoréode) are an indigenous people of the Gran Chaco.
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Bahía culture
The Bahía culture (500 BCE–500 CE) was a pre-Columbian culture in Ecuador.
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Banawá
The Banawá (also Banawa, Banavá, Jafí, Kitiya, Banauá) are an indigenous group living along the Banawá River in the Amazonas State, Brazil.
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Baniwa
Baniwa (also known with local variants as Baniva, Baniua, Curipaco, Vaniva, Walimanai, Wakuenai) are South American Indians, who speak the Baniwa language belonging to the Maipurean (Arawak) language family.
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Barasana
Barasana (alternate names Barazana, Panenua, Pareroa, or Taiwano is an exonym applied to an Amazonian people, considered distinct from the Taiwano, though the dialect of the latter is almost identical to that of the Barasana, and outside observers can detect only minute differences between the two languages. They are a Tucanoan group located in the eastern part of the Amazon Basin in Vaupés Department in Colombia and Amazonas State in Brazil. As of 2000 there were at least 500 Barasanas in Colombia, though some recent estimates place the figure as high as 1950. A further 40 live on the Brazilian side, in the municipalities of Japurá and São Gabriel da Cachoeira. The Barasana refers to themselves as the jebá.~baca, or people of the jaguar (Jebá "jaguar" is their mythical ancestor).
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Baré people
The Baré, or Hanera, and Werekena are related indigenous people of northwest Brazil and Venezuela.
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Beni Department
Beni, sometimes El Beni, is a northeastern department of Bolivia, in the lowlands region of the country.
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Bolivia
Bolivia (Mborivia; Buliwya; Wuliwya), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.
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Bonari
Bonari (بناري, also Romanized as Bonārī) is a village in Tayebi-ye Sarhadi-ye Gharbi Rural District, Charusa District, Kohgiluyeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran.
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Bora people
The Bora are an indigenous tribe of the Peruvian, Colombian and Brazilian Amazon, located between the Putumayo and Napo rivers.
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Bororo
The Bororo are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in the state of Mato Grosso.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Cañari
The Cañari (in Kichwa: Kañari) are an indigenous ethnic group traditionally inhabiting the territory of the modern provinces of Azuay and Cañar in Ecuador.
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Calamari people
The Calamari people are a pre-Columbian indigenous ethnic group of the area that is now Cartagena, Colombia.
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Calchaquí
The Calchaquí were a tribe of South American Indians of the Diaguita group, now extinct, who formerly occupied northern Argentina.
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Calima culture
Calima culture (200 BCE–400 CE) is a series of pre-Columbian cultures from the Valle del Cauca in Colombia.
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Cambeba
The Cambeba people (also known as the Omagua, Umana, and Kambeba) are an indigenous people in Brazil's Amazon Basin.
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Canelos-Quichua
The Canelos-Quichua, also known as the Quichua of Pastaza, is an Indigenous people of Ecuador.
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Capulí culture
The Capulí culture refers to an archaeological classification for a group in Pre-Columbian South America on the Andean plain in what is now northern Ecuador and southern Colombia.
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Cara culture
The Cara culture flourished in coastal Ecuador, in what is now Manabí Province, in the first millennium CE.
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Cari people
The Kari, Cari, or Chariar were one of the ten indigenous Great Andamanese peoples, originally living on the northernmost part of North Andaman Island and on Landfall Island in the Indian Ocean.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.
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Cashibo
The Cashibo or Carapache are an indigenous people of Peru.
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Cauca culture
Cauca culture (800–1200 CE) is a pre-Columbian culture from the Valle del Cauca in Colombia, named for the Cauca River.
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Ceará
Ceará (locally in Ceará or in Northeast Region of Brazil the pronunciation is) is one of the 27 states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast.
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Central America
Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.
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Ch'unchu
The Ch'unchu (Quechua for native of the forest (Amazon Rainforest) / a certain folk dance / barbarian) are an indigenous ethnic group in South America.
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Chachapoya culture
The Chachapoyas, also called the "Warriors of the Clouds", was a culture of Andes living in the cloud forests of the Amazonas Region of present-day Peru.
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Chachi people
Chachi people (also Cayapas) are an ethnic group who live in the rainforest area of northwestern Esmeraldas on the northern coast of Ecuador.
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Chaima
Chaima (شيما) is a feminine given name of Arabic origin that may refer to.
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Chamacoco
The Chamacoco people (Ishír) are an indigenous people of Paraguay.
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Chaná
Chaná were one of the native nations of Uruguay.
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Chané
Chané is the collective name for the southernmost Arawak-speaking peoples.
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Chancay
Chancay is a small city located North of Lima.
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Chango people
The Changos, also known as Camanchacos or Camanchangos, were an indigenous people who inhabited a long stretch of the Pacific coast from the Atacama desert to the Coquimbo Region in what is now southern Peru and northern Chile.
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Chanka
The Chanka people (or Chanca) were a Late Intermediate (ca. 1400 CE.) ethnic group in Peru.
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Charrúa
The Charrúa are an Amerindian, Indigenous People or Indigenous Nation of the Southern Cone in present-day Uruguay and the adjacent areas in Argentina (Entre Ríos) and Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).
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Chavín culture
The Chavín culture is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, named for Chavín de Huantar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found.
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Chácobo
The Chácobo are an indigenous people of Bolivia.
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Chicoana
The Chicoana are a Diaguita tribe in the Salta Province, Argentina.
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Chimú culture
The Chimú culture was centered on Chimor with the capital city of Chan Chan, a large adobe city in the Moche Valley of present-day Trujillo, Peru.
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Chincha culture
The Chincha culture consisted of a Native American (Indian) people living near the Pacific Ocean in southwest Peru.
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Chiquitano
The Chiquitano are an indigenous people of Bolivia, with a small number also living in Brazil.
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Chiquitos
Chiquitos means "little ones" in Spanish.
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Chono
Chono, or Chona, is a generic name for a nomadic, indigenous people of the Chiloé Archipelago, Chile.
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Cinta Larga
The Cinta Larga (or Cinturão Largo) are a people indigenous to the western Amazon Rainforest of Brazil, numbering around 1300.
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Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas
Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas is based upon cultural regions, geography, and linguistics.
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Cofán
The Cofan (endonym: A’i) people are an indigenous people native to Sucumbíos Province northeast Ecuador and to southern Colombia, between the Guamués River (a tributary of the Putumayo River) and the Aguaricó River (a tributary of the Napo River).
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.
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Comechingón
Comechingón (plural Comechingones) is the common name for a group of people indigenous to the Argentine provinces of Córdoba and San Luis.
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Conchucos District
Conchucos District is one of eleven districts of the Pallasca Province in Peru.
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Cotopaxi Province
Cotopaxi is one of the provinces of Ecuador.
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Cubeo
The Cubeo are an ethnic group of the Colombian Amazon.
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Cumanagoto people
The Cumanagoto people are a group of Native Americans in South America.
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Cupisnique
Cupisnique was a pre-Columbian culture which flourished from ca.
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Cusco Region
Cusco, also spelled Cuzco (Qusqu suyu), is a region in Peru.
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Dâw
The Dâw are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Diaguita
The Diaguita people are a group of South American indigenous people native to the Chilean Norte Chico and the Argentine Northwest.
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Ecuador
Ecuador (Ikwadur), officially the Republic of Ecuador (República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Ikwadur Ripuwlika), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Enawene Nawe
The Enawene Nawe are an indigenous people of Brazil in the Mato Grosso state.
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Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Enterolobium cyclocarpum, commonly known as guanacaste, caro caro, or elephant-ear tree, is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae, that is native to tropical regions of the Americas, from central Mexico south to northern Brazil (Roraima) and Venezuela.
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Enxet
The Enxet are an indigenous people of about 17,000 living in the Gran Chaco region of western Paraguay.
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Ese Ejja
The Ese Ejja are an indigenous people of Bolivia and Peru, in the southwestern Amazon basin.
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Espírito Santo
Espírito Santo (meaning "Holy Spirit") is a state in southeastern Brazil.
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Flecheiros
The Flecheiros are one of the uncontacted peoples in the Javari region of the Amazon.
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French Guiana
French Guiana (pronounced or, Guyane), officially called Guiana (Guyane), is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas.
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Gavião (Gê)
The Gavião are an indigenous people of Brazil, part of the Gê peoples.
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Gê peoples
Gê are the people who spoke Ge languages of the northern South American Caribbean coast and Brazil.
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Goiás
Goiás is a state of Brazil, located in the Center-West region of the country. The name Goiás (formerly, Goyaz) comes from the name of an indigenous community. The original word seems to have been guaiá, a compound of gua e iá, meaning "the same person" or "people of the same origin." It borders the Federal District and the states of (from north clockwise) Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The most populous state of its region, Goiás is characterized by a landscape of chapadões (plateaus). In the height of the drought season, from June to September, the lack of rain makes the level of the Araguaia River go down and exposes almost of beaches, making it the main attraction of the State. At the Emas National Park in the municipality of Mineiros, it is possible to observe the typical fauna and flora from the region. At the Chapada dos Veadeiros the attractions are the canyons, valleys, rapids and waterfalls. Other attractions are the historical city of Goiás (or Old Goiás), from Goiânia, established in the beginning of 18th Century, and Caldas Novas, with its hot water wells attracting more than one million tourists per year. In Brazil's geoeconomic division, Goiás belongs to the Centro-Sul (Center-South), being the northernmost state of the southern portion of Brazil.
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Guahibo
The Guahibo (also called Guajibo, or Sikuani, though the latter is regarded as derogatory) people are an indigenous people native to Llanos or savannah plains in eastern Colombia–Arauca, Meta, Guainia, and Vichada departments–and in southern Venezuela near the Colombian border.
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Guahibo language
Guahibo, the native language of the Guahibo people, is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 23,006 people in Colombia and additional 8,428 in Venezuela.
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Guajajara
The Guajajara are an indigenous people in the Brazilian state of Maranhão.
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Guane people
The Guane were a South American people that lived mainly in the area of Santander and north of Boyacá, both departments of present-day central-Colombia.
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Guaraní people
Guaraní are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples of South America.
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Guarani-Kaiowá
Guarani-Kaiowás are an indigenous people of Paraguay, the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul and northeastern Argentina.
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Guarayos
Guarayo, also spelled Huarayo, is a Bolivian word for "savages" used for speakers of various languages of Guarayos Province in central Bolivia, who number some 20,000.
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Guató
The Guató are an indigenous people living on the upper Paraguay River, along the border of modern-day Brazil and Bolivia.
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Guaycuru peoples
Guaycuru or Guaykuru is a generic term for several ethnic groups indigenous to the Gran Chaco region of South America, speaking related Guaicuruan languages.
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Guayupe
The Guayupe are an Arawak-speaking indigenous group of people in modern-day Colombia.
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Guyana
Guyana (pronounced or), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America.
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Handbook of South American Indians
The Handbook of South American Indians is a monographic series of edited scholarly and reference volumes in ethnographic studies, published by the Smithsonian Institution between 1940 and 1947.
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Harakmbut
The Harakmbut (Arakmbut, Harakmbet) are indigenous people in Peru that include two major groups, the Amarakaeri and Huachipaeri.
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Haush
The Haush or Manek'enk were an indigenous people, considered the oldest inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, who spoke the Haush language.
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Het peoples
The Het were the people of the northern Patagonian pampas west of the Paraná River: The Chechehet, the Diuihet Didiuhet, and the Taluhet.
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Himarimã
The Himarimã or Hi-Merimã are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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History of Ecuador
The History of Ecuador extends over an 8,000-year period.
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Hiwi people
The Hiwi call themselves the “people of the savannah” for the vast flatlands they inhabit between the Meta and Vichada rivers in Colombia.
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Huambisa
The Huambisa are an indigenous people of Peru, living on the upper Marañón and Santiago rivers.
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Huanca people
The Huancas, Wancas, or Wankas are a Quechua people living in the Junín Region of central Peru, in and around the Mantaro Valley.
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Huaorani people
The Huaorani, Waorani or Waodani, also known as the Waos, are native Amerindians from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador (Napo, Orellana and Pastaza Provinces) who have marked differences from other ethnic groups from Ecuador.
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Huarpe
The Huarpes or Warpes are an indigenous people of Argentina, living in the Cuyo region.
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Huánuco Region
Huánuco is a region in central Peru.
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Huilliche language
Huilliche (which can also be found spelt Williche, Huiliche or Veliche) is a branch of the Araucanian language family.
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Huilliche people
The Huilliche, Huiliche or Huilliche-Mapuche are the southern partiality of the Mapuche macroethnic group of Chile.
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Hupda
The Hupda (also known as Hup, Hupd'äh, or Húpd’əh) are an Amazonian indigenous people who live in Brazil and Colombia.
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Ikpeng
The Ikpeng are an indigenous people of Brazil, who live in the Xingu Indigenous Park, located in Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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Inca Empire
The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, "The Four Regions"), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century.
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Indigenous peoples of South America
The indigenous peoples of South America are the Pre-Columbian peoples of South America and their descendants. These peoples contrast with South Americans of European ancestry. In Spanish, indigenous people are often referred to as indígenas or pueblos indígenas (lit. indigenous peoples). They may also be called pueblos nativos or nativos (lit. native peoples). The term aborigen (lit. aborigine) is used in Argentina, and pueblos aborígenes (lit. aboriginal peoples) is commonly used in Chile. The English term "Amerindian" (short for "Indians of the Americas") is often used in the Guianas. People of mixed European and indigenous descent are usually referred to as mestizos. It is believed that the first human populations of South America either arrived from Asia into North America via the Bering Land Bridge, and migrated southwards or alternatively from Polynesia across the Pacific. The earliest generally accepted archaeological evidence for human habitation in South America dates to 14,000 years ago, the Monte Verde site in Southern Chile. The descendents of these first inhabitants would become the indigenous populations of South America. Before the Spanish colonization of the Americas, many of the indigenous peoples of South America were hunter-gatherers, and indeed many still are, especially in the Amazonian area. Others, especially the Andean cultures, practised sophisticated agriculture, utilized advanced irrigation and kept domesticated livestock, such as llamas and alpacas. In the period after the initial arrival of Europeans in 1492 the indigenous population of South America fell rapidly due to a variety of factors, such as disease and warfare. In the present day, there are two South American countries where indigenous peoples constitute the largest ethnic group. These are Peru, where 45% are indigenous, and Bolivia, where 62% of people identify as feeling a part of some indigenous group. South American indigenous peoples include.
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Ingarikó
Ingarikó (Ingaricó) or Kapon is a term that collectively refers to three closely related tribes of indigenous people of South America, living in areas of Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana.
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Iyo'wujwa Chorote language
Iyo'wujwa Chorote is a Matacoan language spoken by about 2,000 people, mostly in Argentina where it is spoken by about 1,500 people; 50% of whom are monolingual.
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Iyojwa'ja Chorote language
Eklenhui (Iyojwa'ja Chorote) is a language spoken in northeast Salta province in Argentina by 800.
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Jamamadi
The Jamamadí, also called the Yamamadi, Kanamanti, Jeoromitxi, Kapaná, and Kapinamari, are an indigenous people who live in Acre and Amazonas, Brazil.
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Jibito
The Jibito are an indigenous people of Peru.
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Jivaroan peoples
Jivaroan peoples refers to groups of indigenous peoples in the headwaters of the Marañon River and its tributaries, in northern Peru and eastern Ecuador.
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Julian Steward
Julian Haynes Steward (January 31, 1902 – February 6, 1972) was an American anthropologist best known for his role in developing "the concept and method" of cultural ecology, as well as a scientific theory of culture change.
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Juma people
The Juma are an Indigenous people of Brazil, who live in Amazonas, along the Mucuim River, a tributary of Rio Açuã.
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Junín Region
Junín is a region in the central highlands and westernmost Peruvian Amazon.
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Ka'apor
The Ka'apor are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Kadiweu
The Kadiwéu are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Kagwahiva language
Kagwahiva (Kawahíb, Kagwahibm) is a Tupi–Guarani dialect cluster of Brazil.
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Kalapalo
The Kalapalo are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Kalina people
The Kalina, also known as the Caribs, Kali'na, mainland Caribs and several other names, are an indigenous people native to the northern coastal areas of South America.
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Kamayurá
The Kamayurá are an indigenous tribe in the Amazonian Basin of Brazil.
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Kamëntsá
The Kamëntsá are an indigenous people of Colombia.
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Kanamarí language
Kanamarí, or Katukina-Kanamari, is a Katukinian language spoken by about 650 individuals in Amazonas, Brazil.
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Kanoê
The Kanoê (also as the Canoe, Kapixaná and Kapixanã) are an indigenous people of southern Rondônia, Brazil, near the Bolivian border.
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Karajá
The Karajá, also known as Iny, are an indigenous tribe located in Brazil.
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Karitiana
The Karitiana or Caritiana are an indigenous people of Brazil, whose reservation is located in the western Amazon.
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Kawahiva
The Kawahiva, formerly called the Rio Pardo Indians, are an uncontacted indigenous tribe who live near the city of Colniza (Mato Grosso), close to the Rio Pardo in the north of Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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Kaxinawá
The Kaxinawá, also known as the Kashinawa or Huni Kuin, are an indigenous people of Brazil and Peru.
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Kaxixó
The Kaxixó are an indigenous population, located mainly in the Martinho Campos as well as the Pompéu municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Kayabí
The Kayabí or Kaiabi are an indigenous people of Brazil inhabiting the northern state of Mato Grosso.
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Kayapo
The Kayapo (Portuguese: Caiapó) people are indigenous peoples in Brazil, from the plain islands of the Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil, south of the Amazon Basin and along Rio Xingu and its tributaries.
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Kichwa language
Kichwa (Kichwa shimi, Runashimi, also Spanish Quichua) is a Quechuan language that includes all Quechua varieties of Ecuador and Colombia (Inga), as well as extensions into Peru.
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Killke culture
The Killke culture occupied the South American region around Cusco, Peru from 900 to 1200 AD, prior to the arrival of the Incas in the 13th century.
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Kogi people
The Kogi or Cogui or Kágaba, meaning "jaguar" in the Kogi language, are an indigenous ethnic group that lives in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia.
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Korubo
The Korubo or Korubu, also known as the Dslala, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the lower Vale do Javari in the western Amazon Basin.
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Kuikuro
The Kuikuro are an indigenous people from the Mato Grosso region of Brazil.
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Kulina people
The Kulina are an indigenous people of Brazil and Peru.
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Kuruaya
The Kuruaya people are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Kwaza people
The Kwazá (or Coaiá, Koaiá, Koaya, Kwaza, and Quaiá) are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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La Paz Department (Bolivia)
The La Paz Department of Bolivia comprises with a 2012 census population of 2,706,359 inhabitants.
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Lache people
The Lache were an indigenous, agrarian people in the highlands of what is now central Colombia's northern Boyacá and Santander departments, primarily in Gutiérrez Province and García Rovira Province.
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Las Vegas culture (archaeology)
The Las Vegas culture is the name given to a large number of Holocene settlements which flourished between 8000 BCE and 4600 BCE.(10,000 to 6,600 BP) near the coast of present-day Ecuador.
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Latundê
The Latundê, also known as the Leitodu, are an indigenous peoples of Brazil.
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Lauricocha culture
Lauricocha culture is a sequence of preceramic cultural periods in Peru's history, spanning about 5,000 years from c. 8000 to 2500 BCE.
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Lima culture
The Lima culture was an indigenous civilization which existed in modern-day Lima, Peru during the Early Intermediate Period, extending from roughly 100 to 650.
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List of indigenous peoples of Brazil
This is a list of the Brazil's indigenous or native peoples.
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List of pre-Columbian cultures
This list of pre-Columbian cultures includes those civilizations and cultures of the Americas which flourished prior to the European colonization of the Americas.
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Lokono
The Lokono or Arawak are an Arawak people native to northern coastal areas of South America.
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Loreto Region
Loreto is Peru's northernmost region.
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Los Ríos Province
Los Ríos is a province in Ecuador.
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Lule language
Lule is an indigenous language of northern Argentina.
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Macaguaje language
Macaguaje is an extinct Tucanoan language of Colombia.
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Machalilla culture
The Machalilla were a prehistoric people in Ecuador, in southern Manabí and the Santa Elena Peninsula.
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Machiguenga
The Machiguenga (also Matsigenka, Matsigenga) are an indigenous people of population over 7700 people in the Amazon Basin jungle regions of southeastern Peru, east of Machu Picchu and close to the borders of Bolivia and Brazil.
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Machinere
The Machinere are an indigenous people of Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru.
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Macuna
The Macuna are a Tucanoan-speaking group of the eastern part of the Amazon basin, located around the confluence of the Pira Paraná River and Apaporis river, in the Colombian Vaupés Department and the Brazilian state of Amazonas.
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Macushi
The Macushi (MacuxiI are an indigenous people living in the borderlands of southern Guyana, northern Brazil in the state of Roraima, and in an eastern part of Venezuela.
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Madre de Dios Region
Madre de Dios is a region in southeastern Peru, bordering Brazil, Bolivia and the Peruvian regions of Puno, Cusco and Ucayali, in the Amazon Basin.
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Maina people
The Maina or Meena are a group of indigenous peoples living along the north bank of the Marañón River in South America.
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Manteño civilization
The Manteño civilization (Spanish: Los Manteños) were the last pre-Columbian civilization in modern-day Ecuador, active from 850 to 1600 CE (1150–400 BP).
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Mapoyo-Yabarana language
Mapoyo, or Mapoyo–Yavarana, is a Carib language spoken along the Suapure and Parguaza Rivers, Venezuela.
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Mapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of present-day Patagonia.
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Marajoara culture
The Marajoara or Marajó culture was a pre-Columbian era society that flourished on Marajó island at the mouth of the Amazon River.
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Maranhão
Maranhão is a northeastern state of Brazil.
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Mariche people
Mariche is the name of a former native Venezuelan tribe.
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Mashco-Piro
The Mashco-Piro or Mascho Piro, also known as the Cujareño people and Nomole, are an indigenous tribe of nomadic hunter-gatherers who inhabit the remote regions of the Amazon rainforest.
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Matipu
The Matipu people are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Matis
The Matis people (also called Nutioy, Bimbos, Mikitbo, and Mushabo) are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso (– lit. "Thick Bushes") is one of the states of Brazil, the third-largest by area, located in the western part of the country.
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Mato Grosso do Sul
Mato Grosso do Sul is one of the Midwestern states of Brazil.
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Matsés
The Matsés or Mayoruna are an indigenous people of the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon.
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Mawé people
The Mawé, also known as the Sateré or Sateré-Mawé, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the state of Amazonas.
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Mbayá
The Mbayá or Mbyá are an ethnic group, commonly called "Indians", which formerly ranged on both sides of the Paraguay River, on the north and northwestern Paraguay frontier, eastern Bolivia, and in the adjacent province of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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Mehinaku
The Mehinaku or Mehináko are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America
Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America is the extraction and purification of metals, as well as creating metal alloys and fabrication with metal by Indigenous peoples of the Americas prior to European contact in the late 15th century.
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Minuane
Minuane were one of the native nations of Uruguay, Argentina (specially in the province of Entre Rios) and Brazil (specially in the state of Rio Grande do Sul).
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Moche culture
The Moche civilization (alternatively, the Mochica culture or the Early, Pre- or Proto-Chimú) flourished in northern Peru with its capital near present-day Moche, Trujillo, Peru from about 100 to 700 AD during the Regional Development Epoch.
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Mocoví
The Mocoví are an indigenous tribe of the Gran Chaco.
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Mollo culture
The Mollo culture existed in Bolivia's altiplano area after the collapse of the Tiwanaku culture during the period of AD 1000 to 1500; it predated the Inca civilization.
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Morona-Santiago Province
Morona Santiago is a province in Ecuador.
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Motilon
The Motilon, or Bari, are an indigenous people who live in the Catatumbo River basin in Norte de Santander Department in Colombia in South America.
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Moxo
The Mojeños, also known as Moxeños, Moxos, or Mojos, are an indigenous people of Bolivia.
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Muisca
The Muisca are an indigenous group of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia, that formed the Muisca Confederation before the Spanish conquest.
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Munduruku
The Munduruku, also known as Mundurucu or Wuy Jugu, are an indigenous people of Brazil living in the Amazon River basin.
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Mura people
The Muras are an indigenous people who live in the central and eastern parts of Amazonas, Brazil, along the Amazon river from the Madeira to the Purus.
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Muzo people
The Muzo people were a Cariban-speaking indigenous group who inhabited the western slopes of the eastern Colombian Andes.
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Nahukuá
The Nahukuá are members of a small, indigenous ethnic group in the upper Xingu River area of Brazil.
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Nambikwara
The Nambikwara (also called Nambikuára) is an indigenous people of Brazil, living in the Amazon.
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Napo Province
Napo is a province in Ecuador.
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Nazca culture
The Nazca culture (also Nasca) was the archaeological culture that flourished from beside the arid, southern coast of Peru in the river valleys of the Rio Grande de Nazca drainage and the Ica Valley.
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Nivaclé
The Nivaclé are an indigenous people of the Gran Chaco.
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Norte Chico civilization
The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization)The name is disputed.
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Nukak
The Nukak people (also Nukak-Makú) live between the Guaviare and Inírida rivers, in the depths of the tropical humid forest, on the fringe of the Amazon basin, in Guaviare Department, Republic of Colombia.
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Ofayé
The Ofayé (also spelled as Opaié or Ofayé) are an indigenous people of Central Brazil.
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Omagua
Omagua or Low Jungle is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru.
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Orealla
Orealla (or Orealla Mission) is an Indigenous community in the East Berbice-Corentyne Region of Guyana, on the Courantyne River, approximately south of Crabwood Creek and north of Epira, located at, altitude 11 metres.
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Oriente (Ecuador)
thumb The Oriente (Región amazónica) is a region of eastern Ecuador, comprising the eastern slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes and the lowland areas of rainforest in the Amazon basin.
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Pacahuara
Pacahuara people are an indigenous people of Bolivia.
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Paez people
The Páez people, also known as the Nasa, are a Native American people who live in the southwestern highlands of Colombia, especially in the Cauca Department, but also the Caquetá Department lowlands and Tierradentro.
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Pai Tavytera
The Pai Tavytera are an indigenous people of Paraguay and Brazil. They primarily live in Amambay Department in Paraguay and the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
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Paiján culture
The Paiján culture was an archaeological culture that developed on the northern coast of Peru between 8,700 and 5,900 BCE.
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Palikur
The Palikur are an indigenous people located in the riverine areas of the Brazilian state of Amapá and in French Guiana, particularly in the south-eastern border region, on the north bank of the Oyapock River.
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Panará
The Panará are an Indigenous people of Mato Grosso in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Panche people
The Panche or Tolima were a Cariban-speakingMartínez, 2005 indigenous group of people in modern-day Colombia.
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Panoan languages
Panoan (also Pánoan, Panoano, Panoana, Páno) is a family of languages spoken in Peru, western Brazil, and Bolivia.
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Panzaleo language
Panzaleo (Pansaleo, Quito, Latacunga) is a poorly attested and unclassified indigenous American language that was spoken in the region of Quito until the 17th century.
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Paracas culture
The Paracas culture was an Andean society existing between approximately 800 BCE and 100 BCE, with an extensive knowledge of irrigation and water management and that made significant contributions in the textile arts.
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Parakanã people
The Parakanã people or Parakána people are one of the Indigenous peoples in Brazil, speaking a language of the Tupi-Guarani group.
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Pará
Pará is a state in northern Brazil traversed by the lower Amazon River.
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Parintintín
The Parintintin are an indigenous people who live in Brazil in the Madeira River basin.
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Pastaza Province
Pastaza is a province in the Oriente of Ecuador located in the eastern jungle.
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Patagonia
Patagonia is a sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile.
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Patamona people
The Patamuna are an Amerindian tribe, known archaeologically from pottery collections in the Yawong Valley and the upper Siparuni River in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana.
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Pataxó
The Pataxó are an indigenous people in Bahia, Brazil with a population of about 11,800 individuals.
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Patángoro people
The Patángoro, also called the Pantágoro, are a Native American people of Colombia.
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Pehuenche
Pehuenche (or Pewenche, people of the "pehuen" or "pewen" in Mapudungun) are an indigenous people of South America.
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Pemon
The Pemon or Pemón (Pemong) are indigenous people living in areas of Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana.
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Periodization of pre-Columbian Peru
This is a chart of cultural periods of Peru and the Andean Region developed by Edward Lanning and used by some archaeologists studying the area.
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Peru
Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.
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Piapoco language
Piapoco is an Arawakan language of Colombia and Venezuela.
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Piaroa people
The Piaroa are an indigenous people of the middle Orinoco Basin in present-day Venezuela, living in an area equivalent to the size of Belgium, roughly circumscribed by the Parguaza (north), the Ventuari (south-east), the Manapiare (north-east) and the right bank of the Orinoco (west).
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Picaresque novel
The picaresque novel (Spanish: picaresca, from pícaro, for "rogue" or "rascal") is a genre of prose fiction that depicts the adventures of a roguish hero of low social class who lives by their wits in a corrupt society.
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Picunche
The Picunche (a Mapudungun word meaning "North People"), also referred to as picones by the Spanish, were a Mapudungun-speaking Chilean people living to the north of the Mapuches or Araucanians (a name given to those Mapuche living between the Itata and Toltén rivers) and south of the Choapa River and the Diaguitas.
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Pijao people
The Pijao (also Piajao, Pixao, Pinao) are an indigenous people of Colombia.
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Pilagá language
Pilagá is a Guaicuruan language spoken by 4,000 people in the Bermejo and Pilcomayo River valleys, western Formosa Province, in northeastern Argentina.
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Pirahã
The Pirahã (pronounced) are an indigenous people of the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil.
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Pocra culture
Pocras (called Pacora and Pocora in colonial documentation) were the ancient Wari culture (Huari) inhabitants of the modern-day city of Huamanga, Peru before the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, bounded on the northwest by the Warivilcas, and on the southeast by the Rucanas and the Soras and on the east by the Mayonmarka near the Andahuaylas in La Mar (Chungui) in the current Peruvian province of Ayacucho.
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Potiguara
The Potiguara (also Potyguara or Pitiguara) are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Pre-Columbian era
The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.
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Promaucae
Promaucae, also spelled as Promaucas or Purumaucas (from Quechua purum awqa: wild enemy), were an indigenous pre-Columbian Mapuche tribal group that lived in the present territory of Chile, south of the Maipo River basin of Santiago, Chile and the Itata River.
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Puelche
The Puelche (Mapudungun: pwelche, "people of the east") were indigenous peoples living east of the Andes Mountains in eastern Chile and Argentina in the 18th century.
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Putumayo Department
Putumayo is a department of Colombia.
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Q'ero
Q'ero (spelled Q'iru in the official three-vowel Quechua orthography) is a Quechua-speaking community or ethnic group dwelling in the province of Paucartambo, in the Cusco Region of Peru.
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Quechua people
The Quechua people are the indigenous peoples of South America who speak any of the Quechua languages.
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Querandí
The Querandí were one of the Het peoples, indigenous South Americans who lived in the Pampas area of Argentina; specifically, they were the eastern Didiuhet.
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Quijos-Quichua
The Quijos-Quichua (Napo-Quichua) are a Lowland Quechua (Runa Shimi) people, living in the basins of the Napo, Aguarico, San Miguel, and Putumayo river basins of Ecuador and Peru.
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Quilmes people
The Quilmes people, also known as Kilmes, were an indigenous tribe of the Diaguita group settled in the western subandean valleys of today’s Tucumán province, in northwestern Argentina.
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Quimbaya civilization
The Quimbaya civilization /kɪmbaɪa/ was a South American civilization, noted for spectacular gold work characterized by technical accuracy and detailed designs.
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Quitu culture
The Quitus were Pre-Columbian indigenous peoples in Ecuador who founded Quito, which is now the capital of Ecuador.
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Qulla
The Qulla (Quechuan for south, hispanicized and mixed spellings: Colla, Kolla) are an indigenous people of western Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina living in Jujuy and Salta Provinces.
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Recuay culture
The Recuay culture was a pre-Columbian culture of highland Peru that flourished from 200 BC to AD 600 and was related to the Moche culture of the north coast.
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Rikbaktsa
The Rikbaktsa are an indigenous ethnic group from the Mato Grosso region of Brazil.
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Rondônia
Rondônia is a state in Brazil, located in the north part of the country.
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Roraima
Roraima (Pemon: roro imã, "parrot mountain" i.e. "Green Peak") is the northernmost and least populated state of Brazil, located in the Amazon region.
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Saliba language
Saliba (Sáliba, Sáliva) is an indigenous language of Eastern Colombia and Venezuela.
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Sanapaná
The Sanapana are one of many nomadic tribes inhabiting the lower Gran Chaco of western Paraguay.
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Santa Catarina (state)
Santa Catarina (Saint Catherine) is a state in the southern region of Brazil.
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Sanumá
The Sanumá, also referred to as Sanema, Sanima Tsanuma, Guaika, Samatari, Samatali, Xamatari and Chirichano in the literature, are an indigenous people of Brazil and Venezuela.
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Saraguro
Saraguro (also Sarakuru) is the capital of Saraguro Canton in Loja Province, Ecuador.
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Sápara
The Sápara, also known as Zápara or Záparo, are an indigenous people native to the Amazon rainforest along the border of Ecuador and Peru.
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Selk'nam people
The Selk'nam, also known as the Onawo or Ona people, are an indigenous people in the Patagonian region of southern Argentina and Chile, including the Tierra del Fuego islands.
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Shipibo-Conibo people
The Shipibo-Conibo are an indigenous people along the Ucayali River in the Amazon rainforest in Perú.
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Shuar
The Shuar are an indigenous people of Ecuador and Peru.
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Sican culture
This article concerns the Sican Culture of what is now Peru.
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Sikiana
The Sikiana are an indigenous people, living in Brazil, Suriname, and Venezuela.
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Siona people
The Siona people (also known as Sioni, Pioje, or Pioche-Sioni) are an indigenous ethnic group living in the Ecuadorian Amazon or Oriente (est. population 250 in Ecuador (2000 Juncosa)), and in Putumayo Department in Colombia (est. population 300 in Colombia (1982 SIL)).
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Siriano
Siriano (also called "Selea" or "Sürá") are a Tucanoan people indigenous to Colombia and Brazil.
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Suriname
Suriname (also spelled Surinam), officially known as the Republic of Suriname (Republiek Suriname), is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America.
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Suruí (Pará)
The Suruí people, are an indigenous people of Brazil, who live in the state of Pará.
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Sutagao people
The Sutagao are the Chibcha-speaking indigenous people from the region of Fusagasugá, Bogotá savanna, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
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Suyá
The Suyá, also called the Kisêdjê, are indigenous people in Brazil, at the headwaters of the Xingu River.
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Tabajara
Tabajara were one of the Tupi tribes of indigenous people who lived on the easternmost portion of the Atlantic coast of northeast Brazil in the period before and during Portuguese colonization.
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Tahamí people
The Tahamíes Indigenous were a Colombian indigenous peoples who inhabited the Antioquia region between the Porce and Magdalena rivers.
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Tairona
Tairona was a group of chiefdoms in the region of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in present-day Cesar, Magdalena and La Guajira Departments of Colombia, South America, which goes back at least to the 1st century CE and had significant demographic growth around the 11th century.
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Tallán
Tallán (or Tacllán, after the use of the taclla, a farming tool) was an ethnic group that settled in the plains of north-western Peru, an ethnos with a matriarchal system.
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Tapirapé
The Tapirapé indigenous people is a Brazilian Indian tribe that survived the European conquest and subsequent colonization of the country, keeping with little changes most of their culture and customs.
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Tariana
The Tariana or Taliaseri are an indigenous people of the Vaupés or Uaupés River in the Amazon region of Brazil and Colombia.
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Teahouse (play)
Teahouse is a 1957 play by Lao She.
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Tegua people
The Tegua or Tecua were an Arawak-speaking indigenous people of Colombia who died out in the 19th century.
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Tehuelche people
The Aónikenk people, better known by the exonym Tehuelche, are a group of indigenous peoples of Patagonia and the southern pampas regions of Argentina and Chile.
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Tembé
The Tembé, also Timbé and Tenetehara, are an indigenous people of Brazil, living along the Maranhão and Gurupi Rivers, in the state of Amazonas and Pará.
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Tenharim
The Tenharim are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in the state of Amazonas.
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Terena people
The Terena people are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Teushen
The Teushen or Tehues were an indigenous hunter-gatherer people of Patagonia in Argentina.
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Ticuna
The Ticuna (also Magüta, Tucuna, Tikuna, or Tukuna) are an indigenous people of Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
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Tinigua
Tinigua are the indigenous people who inhabited the river basin Yari, Caguan and today Caquetá Department of Colombia.
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Tiriyó
The Tiriyó (also known as Trio) usually call themselves tarëno, etymologically 'people from here, local people'.
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Tiwanaku
Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco or Tiahuanacu) is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia.
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Tiwanaku empire
The Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco or Tiahuanacu) state was a Pre-Columbian polity based in the city of Tiwanaku in western Bolivia that extended around Lake Titicaca and into present-day Peru and Chile from 300 to 1150.
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Toba people
The Toba people, also known as the Qom people, are one of the largest indigenous groups in Argentina who historically inhabited the region known today as the Pampas, in the Central Chaco.
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Toro people
The Toro people, Tooro people or Batooro are a Bantu ethnic group, native to Tooro Kingdom, a subnational constitutional monarchy within Uganda.
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Toromona
The Toromona are an indigenous people of Bolivia.
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Trumai
The Trumai (or Trumaí; native name: Ho kod ke) are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Tsáchila
The Tsachila, also called the Colorados (meaning red), are an indigenous people of the Ecuadorian province of Santo Domingo.
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Tsimané
The Tsimané, also known as the Tsimane' or Chimane, are an indigenous people of lowland Bolivia, living in the municipalities of San Borja, San Ignacio de Moxos, Rurrenabaque, and Santa Ana de Yacuma of Beni Department.
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Tucano language
Tucano, also Tukano or Tucana, endonym Dahseyé (Dasea), is a Tucanoan language spoken in Amazonas, Brazil and Colombia.
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Tucano people
The Tucano people (sometimes spelt Tukano) are a group of indigenous South Americans in the northwestern Amazon, along the Vaupés River and the surrounding area.
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Tucanoan languages
Tucanoan (also Tukanoan, Tukánoan) is a language family of Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.
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Tupiniquim
Tupiniquim (also Tupinã-ki, Topinaquis, Tupinaquis, Tupinanquins, Tupiniquins) are an indigenous people of Brazil, who now live in three indigenous territories (Terras Indígenas in Portuguese).
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Turiwára
Turiwára or Turiuara are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in the states of Pará and Amazonas.
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U'wa people
The U'wa are an indigenous people living in the cloud forests of northeastern Colombia.
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Ucayali Region
Ucayali is an inland region in Peru.
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Umutina
The Umutina are an indigenous ethnic group from the Mato Grosso region of eastern Brazil.
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Urarina people
The Urarina are an indigenous people of the Peruvian Amazon Basin (Loreto) who inhabit the valleys of the Chambira, Urituyacu, and Corrientes Rivers.
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Uru people
The Uru or Uros (Qhas Qut suñi) are an indigenous people of Peru and Bolivia.
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Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
The Uru-Eu-Uaw-Uaw are an indigenous people of Brazil, Loren McIntyre, National Geographic (December 1988), pp.
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Uru-Murato
The Uru-Muratos are descendents of an old indigenous community in Bolivia, the Urus or Uros.
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Valdivia culture
The Valdivia culture is one of the oldest settled cultures recorded in the Americas.
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Vananaq
Vananaq (وننق; also known as Vanana and Vanehnīq) is a village in Qareh Poshtelu-e Bala Rural District, Qareh Poshtelu District, Zanjan County, Zanjan Province, Iran.
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Venezuela
Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).
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Vilela people
The Vilela people, or Vilelas, are an indigenous people in Argentina.
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Virú culture
The Virú culture (alternatively known as the Gallinazo) was a pre-Columbian, pre-Inca culture that flourished at the Virú Valley on the north west coast of Peru.
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Wai-wai people
The Wai-wai (also written Waiwai or Wai Wai) are a Carib-speaking ethnic group of Guyana and northern Brazil.
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Waimiri-Atroari
The Uaimiris-Atroari or Waimiri-Atroari are an indigenous group inhabiting the southeastern part of the Brazilian state of Roraima and northeastern Amazonas, specifically the Waimiri Atroari Indigenous Territory.
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Wapishana
The Wapichan or Wapishana (or Wapisiana, Wapitxana, Vapidiana, Wapixana) are an indigenous group found in the Roraima area of southern Guyana and northern Brazil.
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Warao people
The Warao are an indigenous people inhabiting northeastern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname.
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Wari culture
The Wari (Huari) were a Middle Horizon civilization that flourished in the south-central Andes and coastal area of modern-day Peru, from about AD 500 to 1000.
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Wari’
The Wari', also known as the Pakaa Nova, are an indigenous people of Brazil, living in seven villages in the Amazon rainforest in the state of Rondônia.
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Waura
The Waura are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Wayampi
The Wayampi or Wayãpi are an indigenous people located in the south-eastern border area of French Guiana at the confluence of Camopi and Oyapock rivers, and the basins of the Amapari and Carapanatuba Rivers in the central part of the states of Amapá and Pará in Brazil.
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Wayana
The Wayana (alternate names: Ajana, Uaiana, Alucuyana, Guaque, Ojana, Orcocoyana, Pirixi, Urukuena, Waiano etc.) are a Carib-speaking people located in the south-eastern part of the Guiana highlands, a region divided between Brazil, Surinam, and French Guiana.
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Wayuu people
Wayuu (also Wayu, Wayúu, Guajiro, Wahiro) is a Native American ethnic group of the Guajira Peninsula in northernmost part of Colombia and northwest Venezuela.
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Wichí
The Wichí are an indigenous people of South America. They are a large group of tribes ranging about the headwaters of the Bermejo River and the Pilcomayo River, in Argentina and Bolivia.
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Witoto people
The Witoto people (also Huitoto) are an indigenous people in southeastern Colombia and northern Peru.
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Wounaan language
The Wounaan language, Noanamá and Woun Meu, is a Chocoan language, with some 10,000 speakers on the border between Panama and Colombia.
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Xakriabá
The Xakriabá are an indigenous people of Brazil.
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Xavante
The Xavante (also Shavante, Chavante, Akuen, A'uwe, Akwe, Awen, or Akwen) are an indigenous people, comprising 15,315 individuals within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso state in Brazil.
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Xerente
Xerente (alternate Sherenté, Xerentes, and Xerénte) are an indigenous people of Brazil living in Tocantins.
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Xukuru
The Xukuru (Xucuru) are an indigenous people of Brazil, with a population of approximately 8,500, living in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Yaghan people
The Yaghan, also called Yagán, Yahgan, Yámana, Yamana, or Tequenica, are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southern Cone, who are regarded as the southernmost peoples in the world.
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Yagua people
Yagua people are an indigenous people in Colombia and northeastern Peru, numbering approximately 6,000.
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Yaminawa language
Yaminawa (Yaminahua) is a Panoan language of western Amazonia.
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Yaminawá
The Yaminawá (Iaminaua, Jaminawa, Yawanawa) are an indigenous people who live in Acre (Brazil), Madre de Dios (Peru), and Bolivia.
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Yanesha people
The Yanesha' or Amuesha people are an ethnic group of the Peruvian Amazon rainforest.
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Yanomami
The Yanomami, also spelled Yąnomamö or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people who live in some 200–250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil.
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Yarigui people
The Yariguí people were an indigenous Colombian tribe that gave their name to a mountainous area they once inhabited in the Andean cloud forest.
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Yaro people
Yaro were one of the native nations of Uruguay and Argentina (Entre Ríos).
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Yawalapiti
The Yawalapiti (also Jaulapiti, Yaulapiti, or Yawalapití) are an indigenous tribe in the Amazonian Basin of Brazil.
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Ye'kuana
The Ye'kuana, also called Ye'kwana, Ye'Kuana, Yekuana, Yequana, Yecuana, Dekuana, Maquiritare, Makiritare, So'to or Maiongong, are a Cariban-speaking tropical rain-forest tribe who live in the Caura River and Orinoco River regions of Venezuela in Bolivar State and Amazonas State.
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Yudjá
The Yudjá are an Indigenous people of Brazil, who live in the states of Mato Grosso and Pará.
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Yukpa people
Yukpa is an Amerindian ethnic group that inhabits the northeastern part of the Cesar Department in northern Colombia by the Serranía del Perijá bordering Venezuela.
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Yuqui
The Yuqui are an indigenous people of Bolivia.
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Zenú
The Zenú or Sinú is an Amerindian tribe in Colombia, whose ancestral territory comprises the valleys of the Sinu and San Jorge rivers as well as the coast of the Caribbean around the Gulf of Morrosquillo.
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Zo'é
The Zo'é people (also known as Zo'é or the Marrying tribe) are a native tribe in the State of Pará, Municipality of Óbidos, on the Cuminapanema River, Brazil.
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Zuruahã
The Zuruahã (also Suruahá, Indios do Coxodoá, and Suruwahá) are an indigenous people of Brazil, living along the Purus River in the state of Amazonas.
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Redirects here:
South American Indigenous people, South American Indigenous peoples, South American indigenous people, South American indigenous peoples, South American people.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples_of_South_America
