Communication

429 relations: Abdul Ahad Mohmand, Aidyn Aimbetov, Akihiko Hoshide, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov, Aleksandr Ivanchenkov, Aleksandr Kaleri, Aleksandr Laveykin, Aleksandr Lazutkin, Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin, Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov, Aleksandr Poleshchuk, Aleksandr Samokutyayev, Aleksandr Serebrov, Aleksandr Skvortsov (cosmonaut), Aleksandr Viktorenko, Aleksei Gubarev, Aleksei Yeliseyev, Aleksey Ovchinin, Alexander Gerst, Alexander Misurkin, Alexey Leonov, Anatoli Ivanishin, Anatoli Levchenko, Anatoly Artsebarsky, Anatoly Berezovoy, Anatoly Filipchenko, Anatoly Solovyev, André Kuipers, Andreas Mogensen, Andrei Borisenko, Andrew J. Feustel, Andriyan Nikolayev, Anne McClain, Anousheh Ansari, Anton Shkaplerov, Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez, Astronaut, Barry E. Wilmore, Bertalan Farkas, Boris Volynov, Catherine Coleman, Charles Simonyi, Chris Hadfield, Christopher Cassidy, Claudie Haigneré, Daniel C. Burbank, David Saint-Jacques, Dennis Tito, ..., Dmitri Kondratyev, Donald Pettit, Douglas H. Wheelock, Dumitru Prunariu, Ed Lu, Evgeny Tarelkin, Frank De Winne, Franz Viehböck, Fyodor Yurchikhin, Gennadi Manakov, Gennadi Sarafanov, Gennadi Strekalov, Gennady Padalka, Georgi Ivanov (cosmonaut), Georgy Beregovoy, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Georgy Grechko, Georgy Shonin, Gregory Olsen, Gregory R. Wiseman, Guy Laliberté, Helen Sharman, Human spaceflight, Igla (spacecraft docking system), Igor Volk, International Space Station, Ivan Bella, Jack D. Fischer, Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa, Jean-Loup Chrétien, Jean-Pierre Haigneré, Jeffrey Williams (astronaut), John L. Phillips, Joseph M. Acaba, Karen Nyberg, Kathleen Rubins, Ken Bowersox, Kevin A. Ford, Kimiya Yui, Kjell N. Lindgren, Klaus-Dietrich Flade, Koichi Wakata, Konstantin Kozeyev, Kosmos 1001, Kosmos 1074, Kosmos 133, Kosmos 140, Kosmos 146, Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188, Kosmos 212, Kosmos 213, Kosmos 238, Kosmos 379, Kosmos 382, Kosmos 398, Kosmos 434, Kosmos 496, Kosmos 573, Kosmos 613, Kosmos 638, Kosmos 656, Kosmos 670, Kosmos 672, Kosmos 772, Kosmos 869, Léopold Eyharts, Leonid Kizim, Leonid Popov, Leroy Chiao, Lev Dyomin, LK (spacecraft), Low Earth orbit, Luca Parmitano, Maksim Surayev, Marcos Pontes, Mark Shuttleworth, Mark T. Vande Hei, Michael Barratt (astronaut), Michael E. Fossum, Michael Fincke, Michael Foale, Michael López-Alegría, Michael S. Hopkins, Michel Tognini, Mikhail Kornienko, Mikhail Tyurin, Military Soyuz, Mir, Mirosław Hermaszewski, Moon landing, Muhammed Faris, Musa Manarov, Nick Hague, Nikolai Budarin, Nikolay Rukavishnikov, Norishige Kanai, Norman Thagard, Oleg Artemyev, Oleg Atkov, Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov, Oleg Kononenko, Oleg Kotov, Oleg Novitskiy, Oleg Skripochka, Paolo Nespoli, Pavel Popovich, Pavel Vinogradov, Pedro Duque, Peggy Whitson, Phạm Tuân, Pyotr Klimuk, Rakesh Sharma, Randolph Bresnik, Reinhold Ewald, Richard Garriott, Richard Mastracchio, Richard R. Arnold, Robert S. Kimbrough, Robert Thirsk, Roberto Vittori, Roman Romanenko, Ronald J. Garan Jr., Russia, Salizhan Sharipov, Salyut 1, Salyut 3, Salyut 4, Salyut 5, Salyut 6, Salyut 7, Samantha Cristoforetti, Satoshi Furukawa, Scott D. Tingle, Scott Kelly (astronaut), Serena Auñón-Chancellor, Sergei Avdeyev, Sergei Krikalev, Sergei Revin, Sergei Zalyotin, Sergey Nikolayevich Ryzhikov, Sergey Prokopyev (Volleyball Player), Sergey Ryazansky, Sergey Volkov (cosmonaut), Shannon Walker, Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, Sigmund Jähn, Soichi Noguchi, Soviet Union, Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz 1, Soyuz 10, Soyuz 11, Soyuz 12, Soyuz 13, Soyuz 14, Soyuz 15, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 17, Soyuz 18, Soyuz 2, Soyuz 20, Soyuz 21, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 23, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 25, Soyuz 26, Soyuz 27, Soyuz 28, Soyuz 29, Soyuz 2A, Soyuz 3, Soyuz 30, Soyuz 31, Soyuz 32, Soyuz 33, Soyuz 34, Soyuz 35, Soyuz 36, Soyuz 37, Soyuz 38, Soyuz 39, Soyuz 4, Soyuz 40, Soyuz 5, Soyuz 6, Soyuz 7, Soyuz 7K-L1, Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L, Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L, Soyuz 7K-LOK, Soyuz 7K-OK, Soyuz 7K-OK No.1, Soyuz 7K-OKS, Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L, Soyuz 7K-T, Soyuz 7K-T No.39, Soyuz 7K-TM, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 9, Soyuz MS, Soyuz MS-01, Soyuz MS-02, Soyuz MS-03, Soyuz MS-04, Soyuz MS-05, Soyuz MS-06, Soyuz MS-07, Soyuz MS-08, Soyuz MS-09, Soyuz MS-10, Soyuz MS-11, Soyuz MS-12, Soyuz MS-13, Soyuz programme, Soyuz T-1, Soyuz T-10, Soyuz T-11, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz T-13, Soyuz T-14, Soyuz T-15, Soyuz T-2, Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-5, Soyuz T-6, Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-1, Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-12, Soyuz TM-13, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-16, Soyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-19, Soyuz TM-2, Soyuz TM-20, Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-22, Soyuz TM-23, Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-25, Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-3, Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TM-31, Soyuz TM-32, Soyuz TM-33, Soyuz TM-34, Soyuz TM-4, Soyuz TM-5, Soyuz TM-6, Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-9, Soyuz TMA-01M, Soyuz TMA-02M, Soyuz TMA-03M, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-05M, Soyuz TMA-06M, Soyuz TMA-07M, Soyuz TMA-08M, Soyuz TMA-09M, Soyuz TMA-1, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-10M, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-11M, Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-12M, Soyuz TMA-13, Soyuz TMA-13M, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-14M, Soyuz TMA-15, Soyuz TMA-15M, Soyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-16M, Soyuz TMA-17, Soyuz TMA-17M, Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-18M, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-19M, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-20, Soyuz TMA-20M, Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-5, Soyuz TMA-6, Soyuz TMA-7, Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz-T, Soyuz-TM, Soyuz-TMA, Space Shuttle, Steven Swanson, Sunita Williams, Svetlana Savitskaya, Takuya Onishi, Talgat Musabayev, Terry W. Virts, Thomas Marshburn, Thomas Pesquet, Thomas Reiter, Tim Peake, Timothy Creamer, Timothy Kopra, Toktar Aubakirov, Toyohiro Akiyama, Tracy Caldwell Dyson, Ulf Merbold, Valentin Lebedev, Valeri Kubasov, Valeri Polyakov, Valeri Tokarev, Valery Bykovsky, Valery Korzun, Valery Rozhdestvensky, Valery Ryumin, Vasily Lazarev, Vasily Tsibliyev, Viktor Afanasyev (cosmonaut), Viktor Gorbatko, Viktor Patsayev, Viktor Savinykh, Vitaly Sevastyanov, Vitaly Zholobov, Vladimír Remek, Vladimir Aksyonov, Vladimir Dezhurov, Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Vladimir Georgiyevich Titov, Vladimir Komarov, Vladimir Kovalyonok, Vladimir Lyakhov, Vladimir Shatalov, Vladimir Solovyov (cosmonaut), Vladimir Vasyutin, Vladislav Volkov, Voskhod programme, Vostok programme, Vyacheslav Zudov, William S. McArthur, William Shepherd, Yelena Kondakova, Yelena Serova, Yevgeny Khrunov, Yi So-yeon, Yuri Baturin, Yuri Gidzenko, Yuri Malenchenko, Yuri Shargin, Yury Artyukhin, Yury Glazkov, Yury Lonchakov, Yury Malyshev (cosmonaut), Yury Onufriyenko, Yury Romanenko, Yury Usachov, Zond 4, Zond 5, Zond 6, Zond 7, Zond 8. Expand index (379 more) » « Shrink index

Abdul Ahad Mohmand

Abdul Ahad Mohmand (born January 1, 1959) is a former Afghan Air Force aviator who became the first Afghan citizen and fourth Muslim to journey to outer space.

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Aidyn Aimbetov

Aidyn Akanovich Aimbetov (Айдын Ақанұлы Айымбетов, Айдын Аканович Аимбетов, born 27 July 1972) is a Kazakh cosmonaut.

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Akihiko Hoshide

is a Japanese engineer and a JAXA astronaut.

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Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Во́лков, born 27 May 1948) is a retired Russian cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Ivanchenkov

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Ivanchenkov (Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Иванче́нков; born 28 September 1940) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz 29 and Soyuz T-6, he spent 147 days, 12 hours and 37 minutes in space.

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Aleksandr Kaleri

Aleksandr Yuriyevich "Sasha" Kaleri (Александр Юрьевич Калери; born Jūrmala, Latvian SSR, USSR, 13 May 1956) is a Russian cosmonaut and veteran of extended stays on the Mir Space Station and the International Space Station (ISS).

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Aleksandr Laveykin

Aleksandr Ivanovich Laveykin (Александр Иванович Лавейкин; born April 21, 1951) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Lazutkin

Aleksandr Ivanovich Lazutkin (Александр Иванович Лазуткин; born October 30, 1957) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin

Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin (Александр Николаевич Баландин) (born July 30, 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov (Александър Панайотов Александров) (born December 1, 1951) is a retired Bulgarian cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov

Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov (Александр Павлович Александров; born February 20, 1943) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and twice Hero of the Soviet Union (November 23, 1983, and December 29, 1987).

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Aleksandr Poleshchuk

Aleksandr Fyodorovich Poleshchuk (Александр Фёдорович Полещук, born October 30, 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Samokutyayev

Aleksandr Mikhailovich Samokutyayev (Александр Михайлович Самокутяев – born 13 March 1970 in Penza / Penza Oblast / Russian SFSR) is a former Russian cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Serebrov

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Serebrov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Серебро́в, February 15, 1944 – November 12, 2013) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Skvortsov (cosmonaut)

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Skvortsov (Aлександр Aлександрович Скворцов; born May 6, 1966) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Aleksandr Viktorenko

Aleksandr Stepanovich Viktorenko (Александр Степанович Викторенко) is a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Aleksei Gubarev

Aleksei Aleksandrovich Gubarev (Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Гу́барев; 29 March 1931 – 21 February 2015) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on two space flights: Soyuz 17 and Soyuz 28.

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Aleksei Yeliseyev

Aleksei Stanislavovich Yeliseyev (Алексей Станиславович Елисеев; born July 13, 1934) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on three missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 5, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10.

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Aleksey Ovchinin

Aleksey Nikolayevich Ovchinin (Алексей Николаевич Овчинин) born 28 September 1971 in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russian SFSR is a Russian Air Force major and cosmonaut, selected in 2006.

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Alexander Gerst

Dr.

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Alexander Misurkin

Alexander Alexanderovich Misurkin (Aлександр Aлександрович Мисуркин) born on September 23, 1977, a major in the Russian Air Force, is a Russian cosmonaut, selected in 2006.

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Alexey Leonov

Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov (p; born 30 May 1934 in Listvyanka, West Siberian Krai, Soviet Union) is a retired Soviet/Russian cosmonaut, Air Force Major general, writer and artist.

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Anatoli Ivanishin

Anatoli Alekseyevich Ivanishin (Анатолий Алексеевич Иванишин; born 15 January 1969 in Irkutsk) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Anatoli Levchenko

Anatoli Semyonovich Levchenko (Анатолий Семёнович Левченко; May 5, 1941 – August 6, 1988) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Anatoly Artsebarsky

Anatoly Pavlovich Artsebarsky (Анатолій Павлович Арцебарський) (Анатолий Павлович Арцебарский; born 9 September 1956) is a former Soviet cosmonaut.

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Anatoly Berezovoy

Anatoly Nikolayevich Berezovoy (Анато́лий Никола́евич Березово́й; 11 April 1942 – 20 September 2014) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Anatoly Filipchenko

Anatoly Vasilyevich Filipchenko (Анато́лий Васи́льевич Фили́пченко; born February 26, 1928) was a Soviet cosmonaut of Ukrainian descent.

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Anatoly Solovyev

Anatoly Yakovlevich Solovyev (Анатолий Яковлевич Соловьёв; born January 16, 1948 – alternate spelling "Solovyov") is a retired Russian and Soviet cosmonaut and pilot.

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André Kuipers

André Kuipers (born 5 October 1958) is a Dutch physician and ESA astronaut.

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Andreas Mogensen

Andreas Enevold Mogensen (born November 2, 1976) is a Danish engineer and astronaut.

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Andrei Borisenko

Andrei Ivanovich Borisenko (Андрей Иванович Борисенко - born April 17, 1964 in Leningrad, Russia) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Andrew J. Feustel

Andrew Jay "Drew" Feustel (born August 25, 1965) is an American geophysicist and a NASA astronaut.

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Andriyan Nikolayev

Andriyan Grigoryevich Nikolayev (Chuvash and Андриян Григорьевич Николаев; 5 September 1929 – 3 July 2004) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Anne McClain

Anne Charlotte McClain (born June 7, 1979) is a NASA astronaut from the class of 2013.

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Anousheh Ansari

Anousheh Ansari (Anuŝe Ansāri; née Raissyan; born September 12, 1966) is an Iranian-American engineer and co-founder and chairwoman of Prodea Systems.

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Anton Shkaplerov

Anton Nikolaevich Shkaplerov (Антон Николаевич Шкаплеров) (born February 20, 1972 in Sevastopol, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Apollo–Soyuz Test Project

The Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) (Экспериментальный полёт «Аполлон» - «Союз» (ЭПАС), Eksperimentalniy polyot Apollon-Soyuz, lit. "Experimental flight Apollo-Soyuz", commonly referred to by the Soviets as "Soyuz-Apollo"), conducted in July 1975, was the first joint U.S.–Soviet space flight, as a symbol of the policy of détente that the two superpowers were pursuing at the time.

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Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez

Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez (born January 29, 1942) is a Cuban military officer, legislator, and former cosmonaut and the first person of African heritage in space.

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Astronaut

An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.

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Barry E. Wilmore

Barry Eugene "Butch" Wilmore (born December 29, 1962) is a NASA astronaut and United States Navy test pilot.

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Bertalan Farkas

Bertalan Farkas (born August 2, 1949) is the first Hungarian cosmonaut and the first Esperantist in space.

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Boris Volynov

Boris Valentinovich Volynov (Бори́с Валенти́нович Волы́нов; born 18 December 1934) is a Soviet cosmonaut who flew two space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 5, and Soyuz 21.

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Catherine Coleman

Catherine Grace "Cady" Coleman (born December 14, 1960) is an American chemist, a former United States Air Force officer, and a former NASA astronaut.

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Charles Simonyi

Charles Simonyi (Simonyi Károly,; born September 10, 1948), son of Károly Simonyi, is a Hungarian-born American computer businessman.

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Chris Hadfield

Chris Austin Hadfield (born 29 August 1959) is a retired Canadian astronaut who was the first Canadian to walk in space.

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Christopher Cassidy

Christopher John "Chris" Cassidy (born January 4, 1970, in Salem, Massachusetts) is a NASA astronaut and United States Navy SEAL.

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Claudie Haigneré

Claudie (André-Deshays) Haigneré (born 13 May 1957) is a French doctor, politician, and former astronaut with the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (1985–1999) and the European Space Agency (1999–2002).

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Daniel C. Burbank

Daniel Christopher Burbank (born July 27, 1961) is a retired American astronaut and a veteran of two Space Shuttle missions.

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David Saint-Jacques

David Saint-Jacques (born January 6, 1970 in Saint-Lambert, Quebec) is a Canadian astronaut with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA).

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Dennis Tito

Dennis Anthony Tito (born August 8, 1940) is an American engineer and multimillionaire, most widely known as the first space tourist to fund his own trip into space.

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Dmitri Kondratyev

Dmitri Yur'yevich Kondrat'yev Дмитрий Юрьевич Кондратьев (born 25 May 1969 in Irkutsk, Russia) is a retired Russian cosmonaut.

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Donald Pettit

Donald Roy Pettit (born April 20, 1955) is an American chemical engineer and a NASA astronaut.

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Douglas H. Wheelock

Douglas Harry "Wheels" Wheelock (born May 5, 1960) is an American engineer and astronaut.

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Dumitru Prunariu

Dumitru-Dorin Prunariu (born 27 September 1952) is a Romanian cosmonaut.

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Ed Lu

Edward Tsang "Ed" Lu (born July 1, 1963) is an American physicist and former NASA astronaut.

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Evgeny Tarelkin

Evgeny Igorevich Tarelkin (Евгений Игоревич Тарелкин; born December 29, 1974) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Frank De Winne

Frank, Viscount De Winne (born 25 April 1961, in Ledeberg, Belgium) is a Belgian Air Component officer and an ESA astronaut.

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Franz Viehböck

Franz Artur Viehböck (born August 24, 1960 in Vienna) is an Austrian electrical engineer, and was Austria's first cosmonaut.

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Fyodor Yurchikhin

Fyodor Nikolayevich Yurchikhin (Greek: Θεόδωρος Γιουρτσίχιν του Νικόλαου; born 3 January 1959), is a Russian cosmonaut of Greek descent, engineer and RSC Energia test-pilot who has flown on five spaceflights.

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Gennadi Manakov

Gennadi Mikhailovich Manakov is a former cosmonaut who commanded two Soyuz flights.

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Gennadi Sarafanov

Gennadi Vasiliyevich Sarafanov (b. January 1, 1942 in Sinenkiye, Saratov Oblast, Russia – d. September 29, 2005, Moscow) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 15 spaceflight in 1974.

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Gennadi Strekalov

Gennadi Mikhailovich Strekalov (Генна́дий Миха́йлович Стрека́лов; October 26, 1940 – December 25, 2004) was an engineer, cosmonaut, and administrator at Russian aerospace firm RSC Energia.

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Gennady Padalka

Gennady Ivanovich Padalka (Гeннадий Иванович Падалка; born 21 June 1958 in Krasnodar, Russia) is a Russian Air Force officer and an RKA cosmonaut.

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Georgi Ivanov (cosmonaut)

Major general Georgi Ivanov Kakalov (Георги Иванов Какалов; born July 2, 1940) is a retired Bulgarian military officer and the first Bulgarian cosmonaut.

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Georgy Beregovoy

Georgy Timofeyevich Beregovoy (Гео́ргий Тимофе́евич Берегово́й, Гео́ргій Тимофі́йович Берегови́й; April 15, 1921 – June 30, 1995) was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the space mission Soyuz 3 in 1968.

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Georgy Dobrovolsky

Georgiy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky (Гео́ргий Тимофе́евич Доброво́льский; June 1, 1928June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who served on the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft.

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Georgy Grechko

Georgy Mikhaylovich Grechko (Георгий Михайлович Гречко; 25 May 1931 – 8 April 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on several space flights including Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26, and Soyuz T-14.

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Georgy Shonin

Georgy Stepanovich Shonin (August 3, 1935 – April 7, 1997; born in Rovenky, Luhansk Oblast, (now Ukraine) but grew up in Balta of Ukrainian SSR) was a Soviet cosmonaut, who flew on the Soyuz 6 space mission.

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Gregory Olsen

Gregory Hammond "Greg" Olsen (born April 20, 1945) is an American entrepreneur, engineer and scientist who, in October 2005, became the third private citizen to make a self-funded trip to the International Space Station with the company Space Adventures.

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Gregory R. Wiseman

Gregory Reid Wiseman (born November 11, 1975) is an American astronaut, engineer, and naval aviator.

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Guy Laliberté

Guy Laliberté, (born 2 September 1959) is a Canadian businessman, investor, poker player, and musician.

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Helen Sharman

Helen Patricia Sharman, CMG, OBE, HonFRSC (born 30 May 1963) is a British chemist who became the first British astronaut and the first woman to visit the Mir space station in 1991.

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Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as crewed spaceflight or manned spaceflight) is space travel with a crew or passengers aboard the spacecraft.

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Igla (spacecraft docking system)

The Igla (Игла, "Needle") docking system was a Soviet radio telemetry system for automated docking of Soyuz spacecraft.

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Igor Volk

Igor Petrovich Volk (Игорь Петрович Волк;; 12 April 1937 – 3 January 2017) was a cosmonaut and test pilot in the Soviet Union.

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International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit.

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Ivan Bella

Ivan Bella (born 25 May 1964 in Brezno, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia)) is a Slovak Air Force officer who became the first Slovak citizen to fly in space.

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Jack D. Fischer

Jack David Fischer (born January 23, 1974) is an American engineer, test pilot and a former NASA astronaut.

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Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa

Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa (Жүгдэрдэмидийн Гүррагчаа; Жугдэрдэмидийн Гуррагча,, born 5 December 1947) was the first Mongolian in space.

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Jean-Loup Chrétien

Jean-Loup Jacques Marie Chrétien (born 20 August 1938) is a French retired Général de Brigade (brigadier general) in the Armée de l'Air (French air force), and a former CNES spationaut.

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Jean-Pierre Haigneré

Jean-Pierre Haigneré (born 19 May 1948) is a French Air Force officer and a former CNES spationaut.

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Jeffrey Williams (astronaut)

Jeffrey Nels Williams (born January 18, 1958) is a retired United States Army officer and a NASA astronaut.

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John L. Phillips

John Lynch Phillips, PhD (born April 15, 1951) is a NASA astronaut.

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Joseph M. Acaba

Joseph Michael "Joe" Acaba (born May 17, 1967) is an American educator, hydrogeologist, and NASA astronaut.

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Karen Nyberg

Karen LuJean Nyberg (born October 7, 1969) is an American mechanical engineer and NASA astronaut.

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Kathleen Rubins

Kathleen Hallisey "Kate" Rubins (born October 14, 1978) is a NASA astronaut.

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Ken Bowersox

Kenneth Dwane "Sox" Bowersox (born November 14, 1956) is a United States Navy officer, and a former NASA astronaut.

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Kevin A. Ford

Kevin Anthony Ford (born July 7, 1960) is a retired United States Air Force Colonel and a NASA astronaut.

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Kimiya Yui

is a Japanese astronaut from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.

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Kjell N. Lindgren

Kjell Norwood Lindgren (born 23 January 1973) is a current NASA astronaut.

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Klaus-Dietrich Flade

Klaus-Dietrich Flade (born August 23, 1952) is a German pilot and former German Aerospace Center astronaut who visited the Mir space station in 1992 aboard the Soyuz TM-14 mission, returning to Earth a week later aboard Soyuz TM-13.

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Koichi Wakata

is a Japanese engineer and a JAXA astronaut.

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Konstantin Kozeyev

Konstantin Mirovich Kozeyev (Константин Мирович Козеев) is a retired Russian cosmonaut.

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Kosmos 1001

Kosmos 1001 (Космос 1001 meaning Cosmos 1001) was a redesigned Soviet Soyuz T spacecraft that failed an unmanned test in 1978.

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Kosmos 1074

Kosmos 1074 (Космос 1074 meaning Cosmos 1074) was a Soviet unmanned long-duration test flight of the Soyuz-T spacecraft launched on January 31 of 1979 and de-orbited on April the 1st of the same year.

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Kosmos 133

Kosmos 133 (Космос 133, meaning "Cosmos 133"; COSPAR ID: 1966-107A), was the first unmanned test flight of the Soyuz spacecraft, and first mission of the Soyuz programme, as part of the Soviet space programme.

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Kosmos 140

Kosmos 140 (Космос 140 meaning Cosmos 140) was an unmanned flight of the Soyuz spacecraft.

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Kosmos 146

Kosmos 146 was a Soviet test satellite precursor to the Zond series, launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Proton K rocket.

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Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188

Kosmos 186 (Космос-186 meaning Cosmos 186) and Kosmos 188 (respectively, Cosmos 188) were two unmanned Soviet Union spacecraft that incorporated a Soyuz programme descent module for landing scientific instruments and test objects.

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Kosmos 212

Kosmos 212 (Космос 212 meaning Cosmos 212) was one of a series of Soviet Soyuz programme test spacecraft whose purpose was to further test and develop the passenger version.

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Kosmos 213

Kosmos 213 (Космос 213 meaning Cosmos 213) was one of a series of Soviet Soyuz programme test spacecraft whose purpose was to further test and develop the passenger version.

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Kosmos 238

Kosmos 238 (Космос 238 meaning Cosmos 238) was the final test series of the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft prior to the launch of Soyuz 3.

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Kosmos 379

Kosmos 379 (Космос 379 meaning "Cosmos 379") was a test of the LK (the Soviet counterpart of the Apollo Lunar Module).

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Kosmos 382

Kosmos 382 was a Soyuz 7K-L1E modification of a Soyuz 7K-L1 "Zond" spacecraft and was successfully test launched into Low Earth Orbit on a Proton rocket designated as (Soyuz 7K-L1E No.2) on December 2, 1970.

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Kosmos 398

Kosmos 398 (Космос 398; meaning Cosmos 398) was the second unmanned test flight of the Soviet LK lander, using the T2K version.

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Kosmos 434

Kosmos 434 (Космос 434; meaning Cosmos 434) was the final unmanned test flight of the Soviet LK Lander.

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Kosmos 496

Kosmos 496 (Космос 496 meaning Cosmos 496) was an unmanned test of the redesigned Soyuz ferry.

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Kosmos 573

Kosmos 573 (Космос 573 meaning Cosmos 573) was an unmanned test of the Soyuz Ferry without solar arrays in 1973.

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Kosmos 613

Kosmos 613 (Космос 613 meaning Cosmos 613) was a long-duration orbital storage test of the Soyuz Ferry in preparation for long stays attached to a space station.

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Kosmos 638

Kosmos 638 (Космос 638) was an unmanned test of the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project Soyuz.

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Kosmos 656

Kosmos 656 (Космос 656 meaning Cosmos 656) was an unmanned test of the Soyuz 7K-T, a variant of the Soyuz spacecraft.

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Kosmos 670

Kosmos 670 (Космос 670 meaning Cosmos 670) was an unmanned Soyuz 7K-S test.

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Kosmos 672

Kosmos 672 (Космос 672 meaning Cosmos 672) was the second unmanned test of the ASTP Soyuz spacecraft.

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Kosmos 772

Kosmos 772 (Космос 772 meaning Cosmos 772) was an unmanned military Soyuz 7K-S test.

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Kosmos 869

Kosmos 869 (Космос 869 meaning Cosmos 869) was an unmanned military Soyuz 7K-S test.

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Léopold Eyharts

Léopold Eyharts (born April 28, 1957) is a French Brigadier General in the French Air Force, an engineer and ESA astronaut.

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Leonid Kizim

Leonid Denisovich Kizim (Кизим Леонид Денисович) (August 5, 1941 – June 14, 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Leonid Popov

Leonid Ivanovich Popov (Леони́д Ива́нович Попо́в; born August 31, 1945) is a former Soviet cosmonaut.

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Leroy Chiao

Leroy Chiao (born August 28, 1960) is an American engineer, former NASA astronaut, entrepreneur, motivational speaker, and engineering consultant.

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Lev Dyomin

Lev Stepanovich Dyomin (January 11, 1926, in Moscow – December 18, 1998, in Zvyozdny Gorodok) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 15 spaceflight in 1974.

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LK (spacecraft)

The LK (ЛК, from Лунный корабль, "Lunniy korabl", meaning "Lunar craft"; GRAU index: 11F94) was a piloted lunar lander developed in the 1960s as a part of the Soviet attempts at human exploration of the Moon. Its role was analogous to the American Apollo Lunar Module (LM). Several LK articles were flown without crew in Earth orbit, but no LK ever reached the Moon. The development of the N1 launch vehicle required for the Moon flight suffered setbacks (including several launch failures), and the first Moon landings were achieved by US astronauts. As a result, both the N1 and the LK programs were cancelled without any further development.

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Low Earth orbit

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude of or less, and with an orbital period of between about 84 and 127 minutes.

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Luca Parmitano

Luca Parmitano (born 27 September 1976 in Paternò, Sicily) is an Italian engineer and astronaut in the European Astronaut Corps for the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Maksim Surayev

Maksim Viktorovich Surayev (Максим Викторович Сураев, born May 24, 1972) is a retired Russian cosmonaut and politician.

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Marcos Pontes

Marcos Cesar Pontes (born March 11, 1963) is a Brazilian Air Force pilot, engineer, AEB astronaut and author.

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Mark Shuttleworth

Mark Richard Shuttleworth (born 18 September 1973) is a South African entrepreneur who is the founder and CEO of Canonical Ltd., the company behind the development of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system.

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Mark T. Vande Hei

Mark Thomas Vande Hei (born November 10, 1966) is a NASA astronaut who served as a flight Engineer for Expedition 53 and 54 on the International Space Station.

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Michael Barratt (astronaut)

Michael Reed Barratt (born April 16, 1959) is an American physician and a NASA astronaut.

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Michael E. Fossum

Michael Edward Fossum (born December 19, 1957 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota) is a former American astronaut and the.

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Michael Fincke

Edward Michael "Mike"/"Spanky" Fincke (born March 14, 1967) is an American astronaut who formerly held the American record for the most time in space (381.6 days).

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Michael Foale

Colin Michael Foale (born 6 January 1957) is a British-American astrophysicist and former NASA astronaut.

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Michael López-Alegría

Michael López-Alegría (born May 30, 1958) is a Spanish-American astronaut; a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one International Space Station mission.

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Michael S. Hopkins

Michael Scott Hopkins (born December 28, 1968) is a Colonel in the U.S. Air Force, and a current NASA astronaut.

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Michel Tognini

Michel Ange-Charles Tognini (born September 30, 1949 in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, Brigadier General in the French Air Force, and a former CNES and ESA astronaut who serves from 01.01.2005 to 01.11.2011 as Head of the European Astronaut Centre of the European Space Agency.

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Mikhail Kornienko

Mikhail Borisovich Kornienko (Михаил Борисович Корниенко; born 15 April 1960) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Mikhail Tyurin

Mikhail Vladislavovich Tyurin (Михаил Владиславович Тюрин) (born March 2, 1960) is a Russian cosmonaut who flew several missions to the International Space Station and completed four spacewalks during his career.

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Military Soyuz

The Soviet Union planned several military Soyuz spacecraft models.

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Mir

Mir (Мир,; lit. peace or world) was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia.

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Mirosław Hermaszewski

Mirosław Hermaszewski (born September 15, 1941) is a retired Polish Air Force officer and cosmonaut.

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Moon landing

A Moon landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon.

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Muhammed Faris

Muhammed Ahmed Faris (محمد أحمد فارس Muḥammad ʾAḥmad Fāris; born 26 May 1951) is a Syrian military aviator.

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Musa Manarov

Musa Khiramanovich Manarov (Муса Хираманович Манаров; born March 22, 1951 in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR) is a Soviet Laks (Caucasus) former cosmonaut who spent 541 days in space.

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Nick Hague

Tyler Nicklaus "Nick" Hague (born September 24, 1975) is a NASA astronaut of the class of 2013.

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Nikolai Budarin

Nikolai Mikhailovich Budarin (Николай Михайлович Бударин) (born April 29, 1953 in Kirya, Chuvashia) is a retired Russian cosmonaut, a veteran of three extended space missions aboard the Mir Space Station and the International Space Station.

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Nikolay Rukavishnikov

Nikolay Nikolayevich Rukavishnikov (September 18, 1932 – October 19, 2002) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, and Soyuz 33.

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Norishige Kanai

is a Japanese doctor and JAXA astronaut.

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Norman Thagard

Norman Earl Thagard (born July 3, 1943), (Capt, USMC, Ret.), is an American scientist and former U.S. Marine Corps officer and naval aviator and NASA astronaut.

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Oleg Artemyev

Oleg Germanovich Artemyev (Олег Германович Артемьев; born December 28, 1970) is a Russian Cosmonaut for the Russian Federal Space Agency.

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Oleg Atkov

Oleg Yur'yevich At'kov (Russian: Оле́г Ю́рьевич Атько́в; born 9 May 1949) is a Russian cardiologist and former Soviet Cosmonaut.

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Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov

Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (Оле́г Григо́рьевич Мака́ров) (6 January 1933 – 28 May 2003) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Oleg Kononenko

Oleg Dmitriyevich Kononenko (Олег Дмитриевич Кононенко) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Oleg Kotov

Oleg Valeriyevich Kotov (Олег Валериевич Котов) was born on October 27, 1965, in Simferopol, Crimean oblast in the Ukrainian SSR.

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Oleg Novitskiy

Oleg Viktorovich Novitskiy (Олег Викторович Новицкий; born October 12, 1971 in Červień, Belarus), lieutenant colonel in the Russian Air Force, is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Oleg Skripochka

Oleg Ivanovich Skripochka (Оле́г Ива́нович Скри́почка; born 24 December 1969 in Nevinnomyssk, Stavropol Krai, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Paolo Nespoli

Paolo Angelo Nespoli (Milan, 6 April 1957) is an Italian astronaut and engineer of the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Pavel Popovich

Pavel Romanovich Popovich (Па́вел Рома́нович Попо́вич, Павло Романович Попович, Pavlo Romanovych Popovych) (October 5, 1930 – September 29, 2009) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Pavel Vinogradov

Pavel Vladimirovich Vinogradov (Павел Владимирович Виноградов; born August 31, 1953 in Magadan, USSR) is a cosmonaut and former commander of the International Space Station.

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Pedro Duque

Pedro Francisco Duque Duque, OF, OMSE (Madrid, 14 March 1963) is a Spanish astronaut and aeronautics engineer, currently serving as Spain's Minister of Science, Innovation and Universities.

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Peggy Whitson

Peggy Annette Whitson (born February 9, 1960) is an American biochemistry researcher, retired NASA astronaut, and former NASA Chief Astronaut.

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Phạm Tuân

Phạm Tuân (born February 14, 1947) is a retired Vietnam Air Force aviator.

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Pyotr Klimuk

Pyotr Ilyich Klimuk (Пётр Ільіч Кліму́к; Пётр Ильич Климу́к; born 10 July 1942) is a former Soviet cosmonaut and the first Belarusian to perform space travel.

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Rakesh Sharma

Rakesh Sharma, AC, Hero of the Soviet Union (born 13 January 1949), is a former Indian Air Force pilot who flew aboard Soyuz T-11, launched on 2 April 1984, as part of the Intercosmos programme.

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Randolph Bresnik

Randolph James "Komrade" Bresnik (born September 11, 1967) is an officer in the United States Marine Corps and a NASA astronaut.

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Reinhold Ewald

Dr.

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Richard Garriott

Richard Garriott de Cayeux (born Richard Allen Garriott; July 4, 1961) is an English-American video game developer and entrepreneur.

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Richard Mastracchio

Richard Alan "Rick" Mastracchio (born February 11, 1960) is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut.

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Richard R. Arnold

Richard Robert "Ricky" Arnold II (born November 26, 1963 in Cheverly, Maryland) is an American educator and a NASA astronaut.

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Robert S. Kimbrough

Robert Shane Kimbrough (born June 4, 1967) is a retired United States Army officer, and a NASA astronaut.

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Robert Thirsk

Robert Brent Thirsk, (born August 17, 1953) is a Canadian engineer and physician, and a former Canadian Space Agency astronaut.

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Roberto Vittori

Roberto Vittori (born 15 October 1964 in Viterbo) is an Italian air force officer and an ESA astronaut.

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Roman Romanenko

Roman Yurievich Romanenko (Major, Russian Air Force; Роман Юрьевич Романенко; born August 9, 1971) is a retired cosmonaut at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

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Ronald J. Garan Jr.

Ronald John Garan Jr. (born October 30, 1961) is a NASA astronaut.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Salizhan Sharipov

Salizhan Shakirovich Sharipov (Салижан Шакирович Шарипов) (born 24 August 1964) is a Kyrgyzstani cosmonaut.

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Salyut 1

Salyut 1 (DOS-1) (Салют-1; English translation: Salute 1) was the first space station of any kind, launched into low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1971.

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Salyut 3

Salyut 3 (Салют-3; Salute 3; also known as OPS-2 or Almaz 2Portree (1995).) was a Soviet space station launched on 25 June 1974.

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Salyut 4

Salyut 4 (DOS 4) (Салют-4; English translation: Salute 4) was a Salyut space station launched on December 26, 1974 into an orbit with an apogee of 355 km, a perigee of 343 km and an orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees.

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Salyut 5

Salyut 5 (Салют-5 meaning Salute 5), also known as OPS-3, was a Soviet space station.

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Salyut 6

Salyut 6 (Салют-6; lit. Salute 6), DOS-5, was a Soviet orbital space station, the eighth flown as part of the Salyut programme.

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Salyut 7

Salyut 7 (Салют-7; Salute 7) (a.k.a. DOS-6) was a space station in low Earth orbit from April 1982 to February 1991.

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Samantha Cristoforetti

Samantha Cristoforetti (born 26 April 1977 in Milan) is an Italian European Space Agency astronaut, Italian Air Force pilot and engineer.

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Satoshi Furukawa

is a Japanese surgeon and JAXA astronaut.

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Scott D. Tingle

Scott David Tingle (born July 19, 1965) is a NASA astronaut.

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Scott Kelly (astronaut)

Scott Joseph Kelly (born February 21, 1964) is an engineer, retired American astronaut, and a retired U.S. Navy Captain.

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Serena Auñón-Chancellor

Serena Maria Auñón-Chancellor (M.D., M.P.H.) (born April 9, 1976, in Indianapolis, Indiana) is an American physician, engineer, and NASA astronaut.

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Sergei Avdeyev

Sergei Vasilyevich Avdeyev (Сергей Васильеви Авдеев, born 1 January 1956) is a Russian engineer and cosmonaut.

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Sergei Krikalev

Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev (Серге́й Константинович Крикалёв, also transliterated as Sergei Krikalyov; born August 27, 1958) is a Russian cosmonaut and mechanical engineer.

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Sergei Revin

Sergei Nikolayevich Revin (born January 12, 1966 in Moscow) is a Russian cosmonaut that was selected in 1996, and completed spaceflight training in 1998.

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Sergei Zalyotin

Sergei Viktorovich Zalyotin (Серге́й Викторович Залётин; born April 21, 1962) is a Russian cosmonaut and a veteran of two space missions.

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Sergey Nikolayevich Ryzhikov

Sergey Nikolayevich Ryzhikov (Сергей Николаевич Рыжиков) born on August 19, 1974, lieutenant colonel of Russian Air Force, is a Russian cosmonaut, selected in 2006.

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Sergey Prokopyev (Volleyball Player)

Sergey Prokopyev (born 21 August 1986) is a Russian beach volleyball player.

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Sergey Ryazansky

Sergey Nikolayevich Ryazansky (Серге́й Николаевич Рязанский; born November 13, 1974) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Sergey Volkov (cosmonaut)

Sergey Aleksandrovich Volkov (Сергей Александрович Волков; born April 1, 1973, in Chuhuiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a retired Russian cosmonaut and engineer.

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Shannon Walker

Shannon Walker (born 4 June 1965 in Houston, Texas) is an American scientist and a NASA astronaut, whose first space mission was Expedition 24 on the International Space Station with take-off on 15 June 2010.

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Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor

Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor Al Masrie bin Sheikh Mustapha (born 27 July 1972) is a Malaysian orthopaedic surgeon and the first Malaysian astronaut.

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Sigmund Jähn

Sigmund Werner Paul Jähn (born 13 February 1937) is a German cosmonaut and pilot, who in 1978 became the first East German (and German native) to fly in space as part of the Soviet Union's Interkosmos programme.

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Soichi Noguchi

is a Japanese aeronautical engineer and a JAXA astronaut.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Soyuz (spacecraft)

Soyuz is a series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now RKK Energia) in the 1960s that remains in service today.

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Soyuz 1

Soyuz 1 (Союз 1, Union 1) was a manned spaceflight of the Soviet space program.

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Soyuz 10

Soyuz 10 ('Союз 10', Union 10) was launched on 22 April 1971 as the world's first mission to the world's first space station, the Soviet Salyut 1.

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Soyuz 11

Soyuz 11 (Союз 11, Union 11) was the only manned mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1 (Soyuz 10 had soft-docked but had not been able to enter due to latching problems).

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Soyuz 12

Soyuz 12 (Союз 12, Union 12) was a 1973 manned test flight by the Soviet Union of the newly redesigned Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft that was intended to provide greater crew safety in the wake of the Soyuz 11 tragedy.

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Soyuz 13

Soyuz 13 (Союз 13, Union 13) was a 1973 Soviet manned space flight, the second test flight of the redesigned Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft that first flew as Soyuz 12.

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Soyuz 14

Soyuz 14 (Союз 14, Union 14) was a 1974 manned spaceflight to the Salyut 3 space station.

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Soyuz 15

Soyuz 15 (Союз 15, Union 15) was a 1974 manned space flight which was to have been the second mission to the Soviet Union's Salyut 3 space station with presumably military objectives.

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Soyuz 16

Soyuz 16 (Союз 16, Union 16) was a 1974 manned test flight for a joint Soviet-US space flight which culminated in the Apollo-Soyuz mission in July 1975.

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Soyuz 17

Soyuz 17 (Союз 17, Union 17) was the first of two long-duration missions to the Soviet Union's Salyut 4 space station in 1975.

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Soyuz 18

Soyuz 18 (Союз 18, Union 18) was a 1975 Soviet manned mission to Salyut 4, the second and final crew to man the space station.

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Soyuz 2

Soyuz 2 (Союз 2, Union 2) was an uncrewed spacecraft in the Soyuz family intended to be the target of a docking maneuver by the manned Soyuz 3 spacecraft.

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Soyuz 20

Soyuz 20 (Союз 20, Union 20) was an unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union.

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Soyuz 21

Soyuz 21 (Союз 21, Union 21) was a 1976 Soviet manned mission to the Salyut 5 space station, the first of three flights to the station.

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Soyuz 22

Soyuz 22 (Союз 22, Union 22) was a 1976 Soviet manned spaceflight.

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Soyuz 23

Soyuz 23 (Союз 23, Union 23) was a 1976 Soviet manned space flight, the second to the Salyut 5 space station.

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Soyuz 24

Soyuz 24 (Союз 24, Union 24) was a 1977 Soviet mission to the Salyut 5 space station, the third and final mission to the station, the last purely military crew for the Soviets and the final mission to a military Salyut.

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Soyuz 25

Soyuz 25 (Союз 25, Union 25) was a 1977 Soviet manned space flight, the first to the new Salyut 6 space station, which had been launched 10 days earlier. However, the mission was aborted when cosmonauts Vladimir Kovalyonok and Valery Ryumin failed to engage the docking latches of the station despite five attempts. Lacking sufficient fuel to attempt a dock at the other end of the station and with battery power for only two days, they returned to Earth. The failure led to a new rule whereby every crew had to have at least one person aboard who had previously flown in space.

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Soyuz 26

Soyuz 26 (Союз 26, Union 26) was a Soviet space mission which launched the crew of Salyut 6 EO-1, the first long duration crew on the space station Salyut 6. The Soyuz spacecraft was launched on 10 December 1977, and docked with the space station the next day. Soyuz 27 arrived at the station in January 1978, and its two-person crew transferred into the Soyuz 26 spacecraft to undock and land a few days later.

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Soyuz 27

Soyuz 27 (Союз 27, Union 27) was a 1978 Soviet manned spacecraft which flew to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station, during the mission EP-1.

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Soyuz 28

Soyuz 28 (Союз 28, Union 28) was a 1978 Soviet manned mission to the orbiting Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 29

Soyuz 29 (Союз 29, Union 29) was a 1978 manned Soviet space mission to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 2A

Soyuz 2A is the unofficial designation for a cancelled space flight of a Soyuz spacecraft, planned to rendezvous with the Soyuz 1 mission.

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Soyuz 3

Soyuz 3 ("Union 3", Союз 3) was a spaceflight mission launched by the Soviet Union on 26 October 1968.

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Soyuz 30

Soyuz 30 (Союз 30, Union 30) was a 1978 manned Soviet space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 31

Soyuz 31 (Союз 31, Union 31) was a 1978 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 32

Soyuz 32 (Союз 32, Union 32) was a 1979 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the eighth mission to and seventh successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz 32 crew was the third long-duration crew to man the space station. Cosmonauts Vladimir Lyakhov and Valery Ryumin spent 175 days in space, setting a new space endurance record. Because of the failure of a visiting crew to successfully dock and the resultant decision to send an unmanned Soyuz craft as a replacement return vehicle, the Soyuz 32 crew had no visitors in the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 33

Soyuz 33 (Союз 33, Union 33) was a 1979 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 34

Soyuz 34 (Союз 34, Union 34) was a 1979 Soviet unmanned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 35

Soyuz 35 (Союз 35, Union 35) was a 1980 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 36

Soyuz 36 (Союз 36, Union 36) was a 1980 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 37

Soyuz 37 (Союз 37, Union 37) was a 1980 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the 13th mission to and 11th successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz 37 crew were the third to visit the long-duration Soyuz 35 resident crew. Soyuz 37 carried Soviet Viktor Gorbatko and Pham Tuân, the first Asian and first Vietnamese cosmonaut, into space. They swapped Soyuz craft with the long-duration crew and returned to earth in Soyuz 36, the resident crew later used their craft to return to earth.

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Soyuz 38

Soyuz 38 was a human spaceflight mission conducted by the Soviet Union during September, 1980.

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Soyuz 39

Soyuz 39 was a 1981 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz 4

Soyuz 4 (Союз 4, Союз 4, Union 4) was launched on 14 January 1969, carrying cosmonaut Vladimir Shatalov on his first flight.

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Soyuz 40

The Soyuz 40 mission was a 1981 Soviet manned spaceflight and the final flight of the Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft.

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Soyuz 5

Soyuz 5 (Союз 5, Union 5) was a Soyuz mission using the Soyuz 7K-OK spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union on 15 January 1969, which docked with Soyuz 4 in orbit.

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Soyuz 6

Soyuz 6 (Союз 6, Union 6) was part of a joint mission with Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 8 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together at the same time, carrying a total of seven cosmonauts.

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Soyuz 7

Soyuz 7 (Союз 7, Union 7) was part of a joint mission with Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 8 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together at the same time, carrying a total of seven cosmonauts.

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Soyuz 7K-L1

The Soyuz 7K-L1 "Zond" spacecraft was designed to launch men from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit in the context of the Soviet manned moon-flyby program in the Moon race.

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Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L

Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L, sometimes identified by NASA as Zond 1967A, was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched in 1967 as part of the Zond programme.

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Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L

Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L, sometimes identified by NASA as Zond 1967B, was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched in 1967 as part of the Zond programme.

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Soyuz 7K-LOK

The Soyuz 7K-LOK, or simply LOK (translit meaning "Lunar Orbital Craft") was a Soviet manned spacecraft designed to launch men from Earth to orbit the Moon, developed in parallel to the 7K-L1.

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Soyuz 7K-OK

Soyuz 7K-OK was the first generation of Soyuz spacecraft in use from 1967 to 1971.

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Soyuz 7K-OK No.1

Soyuz 7K-OK No.1 was an unmanned spacecraft of the Soyuz program, originally intended to perform a rendezvous maneouver with Kosmos 133 (Soyuz 7K-OK No.2).

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Soyuz 7K-OKS

Soyuz 7K-OKS (also known as Soyuz 7KT-OK) is a version of the Soyuz spacecraft and was the first spacecraft designed for space station flights.

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Soyuz 7K-ST No. 16L

Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L, sometimes known as Soyuz T-10a or T-10-1, was an unsuccessful Soyuz mission intended to visit the Salyut 7 space station, which was occupied by the Soyuz T-9 crew.

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Soyuz 7K-T

The second generation of the Soyuz spacecraft, the Soyuz Ferry or Soyuz 7K-T, comprised Soyuz 12 through Soyuz 40 (1973-1981).

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Soyuz 7K-T No.39

Soyuz 7K-T No.39, (also named Soyuz 18a or Soyuz 18-1 by some sources and also known as the April 5 Anomaly) was an unsuccessful launch of a manned Soyuz spacecraft by the Soviet Union in 1975.

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Soyuz 7K-TM

The 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project version of the Soyuz spacecraft (Soyuz 7K-TM) served as a technological bridge to the third generation Soyuz-T (T - транспортный, Transportnyi meaning transport) spacecraft (1976–1986).

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Soyuz 8

Soyuz 8 (Союз 8, Union 8) was part of a joint mission with Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 7 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together at the same time, carrying a total of seven cosmonauts.

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Soyuz 9

Soyuz 9 (Союз 9, Union 9) was a 1970 Soviet manned space flight.

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Soyuz MS

The Soyuz-MS (GRAU: 11F732A48) is the latest revision of the Soyuz spacecraft.

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Soyuz MS-01

Soyuz MS-01 was a 2016 Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz MS-02

Soyuz MS-02 was a 2016 Soyuz spaceflight that was planned for a 23 September 2016 launch, but because of technical difficulties it launched on 19 October 2016.

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Soyuz MS-03

Soyuz MS-03 was a Soyuz spaceflight launched on 17 November 2016.

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Soyuz MS-04

Soyuz MS-04 is a Soyuz spaceflight that launched on 20 April 2017 to the ISS.

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Soyuz MS-05

Soyuz MS-05 was a Soyuz spaceflight which launched on 28 July 2017.

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Soyuz MS-06

Soyuz MS-06 is a Soyuz spaceflight which launched on 13 September 2017.

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Soyuz MS-07

Soyuz MS-07 is a Soyuz spaceflight launched on 17 December 2017 07:21 UTC.

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Soyuz MS-08

Soyuz MS-08 is a Soyuz spaceflight that launched on 21 March 2018.

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Soyuz MS-09

Soyuz MS-09 is a Soyuz spaceflight which launched on June 6, 2018.

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Soyuz MS-10

Soyuz MS-10 is a Soyuz spaceflight planned for October 2018.

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Soyuz MS-11

Soyuz MS-11 is a Soyuz spaceflight planned for December 2018.

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Soyuz MS-12

Soyuz MS-12 is a Soyuz spaceflight planned for April 2019.

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Soyuz MS-13

Soyuz MS-13 is a Soyuz spaceflight planned for July 2019.

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Soyuz programme

The Soyuz programme (Союз, meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme that was initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon.

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Soyuz T-1

Soyuz T-1 (Союз Т-1, also called Soyuz T) was a 1979-80 unmanned Soviet space flight, a test flight of a new Soyuz craft which docked with the orbiting Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz T-10

Soyuz T-10 was the fifth expedition to the Salyut 7 space station.

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Soyuz T-11

Soyuz T-11 was the 6th expedition to Salyut 7, and carried the first Indian cosmonaut to the Salyut 7 station.

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Soyuz T-12

Soyuz T-12 (also known as Salyut 7 EP-4) was the seventh manned spaceflight to the Soviet space station Salyut 7.

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Soyuz T-13

Soyuz T-13 was a Soyuz mission, transporting personnel to the Soviet space station Salyut 7.

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Soyuz T-14

Soyuz T-14 (Союз Т-14, Union T-14) was the ninth expedition to Salyut 7.

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Soyuz T-15

Soyuz T-15 (Союз T-15, Union T-15) was a manned mission to the Mir and Salyut 7 space stations and was part of the Soyuz programme.

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Soyuz T-2

Soyuz T-2 (Союз T-2, Union T-2) was a 1980 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz T-3

Soyuz T-3 was launched on 27 November 1980, and carried the 15th expedition to the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz T-4

Soyuz T-4 was a Soviet space mission which launched the crew of Salyut 6 EO-6, the sixth and final long-duration crew of the Salyut 6 space station.

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Soyuz T-5

Soyuz T-5 was a manned spaceflight into Earth orbit to the then new Salyut 7 space station in 1982.

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Soyuz T-6

Soyuz T-6 was a manned spaceflight to Earth orbit to the Salyut 7 space station in 1982.

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Soyuz T-7

Soyuz T-7 (code name Dnieper) was the third Soviet space mission to the Salyut 7 space station.

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Soyuz T-8

Soyuz T-8 was a manned mission to the Salyut 7 space station in 1983.

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Soyuz T-9

Soyuz T-9 (Russian: Союз Т-9, Union T-9) was the 4th expedition to Salyut 7 following the failed docking of Soyuz T-8.

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Soyuz TM-1

Soyuz TM-1 was an unmanned test flight of the Soyuz-TM spacecraft, intended for use in the Mir space station program.

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Soyuz TM-10

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations.

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Soyuz TM-11

Soyuz TM-11 was the eleventh expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir, using a Soyuz-TM crew transport vessel.

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Soyuz TM-12

Soyuz TM-12 was the 12th expedition to Mir, and included the first Briton in space, Helen Sharman.

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Soyuz TM-13

Soyuz TM-13 was the 13th expedition to Mir space station.

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Soyuz TM-14

Soyuz TM-14 was the 14th expedition to the Mir space station.

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Soyuz TM-15

Soyuz TM-15 was the 15th expedition to the Mir space station.

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Soyuz TM-16

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi- meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations.

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Soyuz TM-17

Soyuz TM-17 was a Russian mission to the space station Mir, launched on July 1, 1993.

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Soyuz TM-18

Soyuz TM-18 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome and landed 112 km north of Arkalyk.

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Soyuz TM-19

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations.

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Soyuz TM-2

Soyuz TM-2 was the spacecraft used to launch a long duration crew to the Soviet space station Mir, which was unmanned at the time.

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Soyuz TM-20

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations.

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Soyuz TM-21

Soyuz TM-21 was Soyuz mission, a human spaceflight mission transporting personnel to the Russian space station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-22

Soyuz TM-22 was the 23rd manned spacecraft mission to visit the Soviet Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-23

Soyuz TM-23 was the 25th manned spacecraft to visit the Soviet Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-24

Soyuz TM-24 was the 27th expedition to Mir.

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Soyuz TM-25

Soyuz TM-25 was the 30th manned spacecraft mission to visit the Russian Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-26

Soyuz TM-26 is a Russian spacecraft that ferried cosmonauts and supplies to the Mir, the Russian space station.

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Soyuz TM-27

Soyuz TM-27 is a Russian spacecraft that ferried cosmonauts and supplies to the Mir, the Russian space station.

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Soyuz TM-28

TM-28 was a Soyuz mission to the Mir space station.

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Soyuz TM-29

Soyuz TM-29 was a Russian manned spacecraft launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome aboard a Soyuz 11A511U rocket.

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Soyuz TM-3

Soyuz TM-3 was the third manned spacecraft to visit the Soviet space station Mir, following Soyuz-T15 and Soyuz-TM2.

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Soyuz TM-30

Soyuz TM-30 (Союз ТМ-30, Union TM-30), also known as Mir EO-28, was a Soyuz mission, the 39th and final human spaceflight to the Mir space station.

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Soyuz TM-31

Soyuz TM-31 was the first Soyuz spacecraft to dock with the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TM-32

Soyuz TM-32 was a manned Russian spacecraft which was launched on April 28, 2001, and docked with the International Space Station two days later.

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Soyuz TM-33

Soyuz TM-33 was a manned Russian space launch on Oct 21, 2001, on the Soyuz-U launch vehicle.

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Soyuz TM-34

Soyuz TM-34 was the fourth Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TM-4

Soyuz TM-4 was the fourth manned spacecraft to dock with the space station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-5

Soyuz TM-5 was the fifth cosmonaut-carrying spacecraft to visit the Russian Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-6

Soyuz TM-6 was the sixth manned spacecraft to visit the Soviet Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-7

Soyuz TM-7 was the seventh manned spacecraft to dock with the Soviet Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-8

Soyuz TM-8 was a spacecraft used to launch and land the crew of the fifth long duration crew to the Soviet Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TM-9

Soyuz TM-9 was the ninth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir.

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Soyuz TMA-01M

Soyuz TMA-01M was a Soyuz flight that transported three members of the Expedition 25 crew to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-02M

Soyuz TMA-02M was a space mission that transported three members of the Expedition 28 crew to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-03M

The Russian Soyuz TMA-03M was a spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-04M

Soyuz TMA-04M was a spaceflight to Low Earth orbit that transported three members of the Expedition 31 crew to the International Space Station (ISS), which was launched on 15 May 2012 and landed on 17 September 2012.

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Soyuz TMA-05M

Soyuz TMA-05M is the 114th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft.

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Soyuz TMA-06M

Soyuz TMA-06M launched on 23 October 2012 was a spaceflight to the International Space Station, transporting three members of the Expedition 33 crew.

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Soyuz TMA-07M

Soyuz TMA-07M (Союз ТМА-07M) was a spaceflight launched to the International Space Station in 2012 which transported three members of the Expedition 34 crew to the station.

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Soyuz TMA-08M

Soyuz TMA-08M (Союз ТМА-08M meaning Union TMA-08M), identified as Soyuz 34 or 34S by NASA, was a 2013 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-09M

Soyuz TMA-09M was a Russian Soyuz mission to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-1

Soyuz TMA-1, also catalogued as Soyuz TM-35, was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle with a Russian-Belgian cosmonaut crew blasted off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. This was the fifth Russian Soyuz class shuttle to fly to the International Space Station. It was also the first flight of the TMA-class Soyuz spacecraft. Soyuz TM-34 was the last of the prior Soyuz-TM spacecraft to be launched.

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Soyuz TMA-10

Soyuz TMA-10 was a human spaceflight mission using a Soyuz-TMA spacecraft to transport personnel to and from the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-10M

Soyuz TMA-10M was a 2013 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-11

Soyuz TMA-11 was a human spaceflight mission using a Soyuz-TMA spacecraft to transport personnel to and from the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-11M

Soyuz TMA-11M was a 2013 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-12

Soyuz TMA-12 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) which was launched by a Soyuz FG rocket at 11:16 UTC on 8 April 2008.

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Soyuz TMA-12M

Soyuz TMA-12M was a 2014 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-13

Soyuz TMA-13 (Союз ТМА-13, Union TMA-13) was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-13M

Soyuz TMA-13M was a 2014 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-14

The Soyuz TMA-14 (Союз ТМА-14, Union TMA-14) was a Soyuz flight to the International Space Station, which launched on 26 March 2009.

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Soyuz TMA-14M

Soyuz TMA-14M was a 2014 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-15

Soyuz TMA-15 was a manned spaceflight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-15M

Soyuz TMA-15M was a 2014 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-16

The Soyuz TMA-16 (Союз TMA-16) was a manned flight to and from the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-16M

Soyuz TMA-16M was a 2015 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-17

Soyuz TMA-17 was a human spaceflight mission to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-17M

Soyuz TMA-17M was a 2015 flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-18

Soyuz TMA-18 was a 2010 Soyuz flight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-18M

Soyuz TMA-18M was a 2015 Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-19

Soyuz TMA-19 was a manned spaceflight to the International Space Station and is part of the Soyuz programme.

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Soyuz TMA-19M

Soyuz TMA-19M was a 2015 Russian Soyuz spaceflight to the International Space Station.

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Soyuz TMA-2

Soyuz TMA-2 was a Soyuz (Russian Союз ТМА-2, Union TMA-2) mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle.

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Soyuz TMA-20

Soyuz TMA-20 was a human spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS) and was part of the Soyuz programme.

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Soyuz TMA-20M

Soyuz TMA-20M was a 2016 Soyuz was a 2016 spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-21

Soyuz TMA-21 ("Gagarin") was a Soyuz flight to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-22

Soyuz TMA-22 was a manned spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-3

Soyuz TMA-3 was a Soyuz (Russian Союз ТМА-3, Union TMA-3) mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle which was the third flight for the TMA modification of the Soyuz spacecraft, and the 7th Soyuz to fly to the ISS.

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Soyuz TMA-4

Soyuz TMA-4 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle.

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Soyuz TMA-5

Soyuz TMA-5 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz-FG launch vehicle.

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Soyuz TMA-6

Soyuz TMA-6 was a manned spaceflight to the International Space Station (ISS).

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Soyuz TMA-7

Soyuz TMA-7 (Союз ТМА-7) was a transport mission for portions of the International Space Station (ISS) Expedition 12 crew launched October 1, 2005.

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Soyuz TMA-8

Soyuz TMA-8 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle.

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Soyuz TMA-9

Soyuz TMA-9 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle.

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Soyuz-T

The Soyuz-T (Союз-T, Union-T) spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986.

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Soyuz-TM

The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations.

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Soyuz-TMA

The Soyuz-TMA is a revision of the Soyuz spacecraft, superseded in 2010 by the Soyuz TMA-M. (T – транспортный – Transportnyi – meaning transport, M – модифицированный – Modifitsirovannyi – meaning modified, A – антропометрический, – Antropometricheskii meaning anthropometric).

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Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program.

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Steven Swanson

Steven Ray Swanson (born December 3, 1960 in Syracuse, New York) is an American Engineer and a retired NASA astronaut.

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Sunita Williams

Sunita Pandya Williams (born September 19, 1965) is an American astronaut and United States Navy officer of Indo-Slovenian descent.

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Svetlana Savitskaya

Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya (Светла́на Евге́ньевна Сави́цкая; born 8 August 1948) is a retired Soviet aviator and cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space.

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Takuya Onishi

is a Japanese astronaut selected for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2009.

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Talgat Musabayev

Talgat Amangeldyuly Musabayev (Талғат Аманкелдіұлы Мұсабаев; born 7 January 1951) is a Kazakh test pilot and former cosmonaut who flew on three spaceflights.

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Terry W. Virts

Terry W. Virts, Jr. (born December 1, 1967) is a former NASA astronaut, and Colonel in the United States Air Force.

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Thomas Marshburn

Thomas Henry "Tom" Marshburn (born August 29, 1960) is an American physician and a NASA astronaut.

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Thomas Pesquet

Thomas Gautier Pesquet (born 27 February 1978) is a French aerospace engineer, pilot, and European Space Agency astronaut.

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Thomas Reiter

Thomas Arthur Reiter (born 23 May 1958 in Frankfurt, West Germany) is a retired European astronaut and is a Brigadier General in the German Air Force currently working as ESA Interagency Coordinator and Advisor to the Director General at the European Space Agency (ESA).

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Tim Peake

Major Timothy Nigel Peake (born 7 April 1972) is a British Army Air Corps officer, European Space Agency astronaut and a former International Space Station (ISS) crew member.

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Timothy Creamer

Timothy "TJ" Creamer (born November 15, 1959) is a NASA flight director, retired astronaut and a colonel in the United States Army.

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Timothy Kopra

Timothy Lennart "Tim" Kopra (born April 9, 1963) is an engineer, a Colonel in the United States Army, a NASA astronaut, and the former commander of the International Space Station.

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Toktar Aubakirov

Toktar Ongarbayuly Aubakirov (Тоқтар Оңғарбайұлы Әубәкіров, Токтар Онгарбаевич Аубакиров, born on 27 July 1946) is a retired Kazakh Air Force officer and a former cosmonaut.

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Toyohiro Akiyama

is a Japanese TV journalist best known for his flight to the Mir space station aboard a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft in 1990.

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Tracy Caldwell Dyson

Tracy Caldwell Dyson (born Tracy Ellen Caldwell; August 14, 1969) is an American chemist and NASA astronaut.

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Ulf Merbold

Dr.

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Valentin Lebedev

Valentin Vitalyevich Lebedev (Валентин Витальевич Лебедев; born April 14, 1942 in Moscow) was a Soviet cosmonaut who made two flights into space.

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Valeri Kubasov

Valeri Nikolayevich Kubasov (Вале́рий Никола́евич Куба́сов; 7 January 1935 – 19 February 2014) was a Soviet/Russian cosmonaut who flew on two missions in the Soyuz programme as a flight engineer: Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 19 (the Apollo–Soyuz mission), and commanded Soyuz 36 in the Intercosmos programme.

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Valeri Polyakov

Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov (Валерий Владимирович Поляков, born Valeri Ivanovich Korshunov on April 27, 1942) is a former Russian cosmonaut.

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Valeri Tokarev

Valeri Ivanovich Tokarev (Валерий Иванович Токарев; born October 29, 1952) is a Russian Air Force Colonel and test cosmonaut at the Yuri A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center.

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Valery Bykovsky

Valery Fyodorovich Bykovsky (Вале́рий Фёдорович Быко́вский; born 2 August 1934) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew three manned space mission space flights: Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, and Soyuz 31.

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Valery Korzun

Valery Grigoryevich Korzun (Валерий Григорьевич Корзун, born 5 March 1953) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Valery Rozhdestvensky

Valery Ilyich Rozhdestvensky (Russian: Валерий Ильич Рождественский, 13 February 1939 – 31 August 2011) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Valery Ryumin

Valery Victorovich Ryumin (born August 16, 1939 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur) is a former Soviet cosmonaut.

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Vasily Lazarev

Vasily Grigoryevich Lazarev (Васи́лий Григо́рьевич Ла́зарев; February 23, 1928 – December 31, 1990) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 12 spaceflight as well as the abortive Soyuz 18a launch in April 5, 1975.

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Vasily Tsibliyev

Vasily Vasiliyevich Tsibliyev (Василий Василиевич Циблиев); born on February 20, 1954) is a Russian cosmonaut. He was selected as a cosmonaut on March 26, 1987. Tsibliyev flew as Commander on Soyuz TM-17 from July 1, 1993 to January 14, 1994 and on Soyuz TM-25 from February 2, 1997 to August 14 of the same year. He retired on June 19, 1998. Tsibliyev is currently Chief of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center at Star City, Russia. Tsibliyev is married with two children. Tsibliyev was the commander in charge of Mir when it was hit by a Progress spacecraft in 1997.

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Viktor Afanasyev (cosmonaut)

Viktor Mikhailovich Afanasyev Виктор Михайлович Афанасьев; born 31 December 1948) is a colonel in the Russian Air Force and a test cosmonaut of the Yu. A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center. He was born December 31, 1948, in Bryansk, Russia, and is married to Yelena Ya. Afanasyeva, born 1952. They have two children. His father, Mikhail Z. Afanasyev, is deceased. His mother, Marya S. Afanasyeva, resides in Merkulyevo, Bryansk region, Russia. His recreational interests include football, swimming, and tourism.

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Viktor Gorbatko

Viktor Vasilyevich Gorbatko (Ви́ктор Васи́льевич Горба́тко; December 3, 1934 – May 17, 2017) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, and Soyuz 37 missions.

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Viktor Patsayev

Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (Ви́ктор Ива́нович Паца́ев; 19 June 193330 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and was part of the second crew to die during a space flight.

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Viktor Savinykh

Viktor Petrovich Savinykh was born in Berezkiny, Kirov Oblast, Russian SFSR on March 7, 1940.

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Vitaly Sevastyanov

Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov (Вита́лий Ива́нович Севастья́нов; 8 July 1935 – 5 April 2010) was a Soviet cosmonaut and an engineer who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions.

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Vitaly Zholobov

Vitaly Mikhaylovich Zholobov (Виталий Михайлович Жолобов; born 18 June 1937) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on Soyuz 21 space flight as the flight engineer.

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Vladimír Remek

Vladimír Remek (born 26 September 1948) is a Czech politician and diplomat as well as a former cosmonaut and military pilot.

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Vladimir Aksyonov

Vladimir Viktorovich Aksyonov (Влади́мир Ви́кторович Аксёнов) (born in Giblitsy, Kasimovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, Russian SFSR, on 1 February 1935) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, married with two children.

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Vladimir Dezhurov

Vladimir Nikolayevich Dezhurov (Влади́мир Никола́евич Дежу́ров; born July 30, 1962) is a former cosmonaut who resides in Star City, Moscow.

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Vladimir Dzhanibekov

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (Владимир Александрович Джанибеков, born 13 May 1942) is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.

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Vladimir Georgiyevich Titov

Vladimir Georgiyevich Titov (Владимир Георгиевич Титов; born 1 January 1947 in Sretensk, Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia) is a retired Russian Air Force Colonel and former cosmonaut.

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Vladimir Komarov

Vladimir Mikhaylovich Komarov (p; 16 March 192724 April 1967) was a Soviet test pilot, aerospace engineer and cosmonaut.

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Vladimir Kovalyonok

Vladimir Vasiliyevich Kovalyonok (Уладзі́мір Васі́льевіч Кавалёнак; Влади́мир Васи́льевич Ковалёнок; born March 3, 1942 in Beloye, Minsk Oblast, Belorussian SSR, is a retired Soviet cosmonaut. He entered the Soviet space programme on July 5, 1967 and was commander of three missions. He retired from the cosmonaut team on June 23, 1984. From 1990 to 1992 he was a Director of the 30th Central Scientific Research Institute, Ministry of Defence (Russia).

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Vladimir Lyakhov

Vladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov (Влади́мир Афана́сьевич Ля́хов; 20 July 1941 – 19 April 2018) was a Russian Soviet cosmonaut.

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Vladimir Shatalov

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Shatalov (Владимир Александрович Шаталов; born December 8, 1927) is a former Soviet cosmonaut who flew three space missions of the Soyuz programme: Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, and Soyuz 10.

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Vladimir Solovyov (cosmonaut)

Vladimir Alekseyevich Solovyov (Влади́мир Алексе́евич Соловьёв; born 11 November 1946) is a former Soviet cosmonaut.

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Vladimir Vasyutin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Vasyutin (Russian:Влaдимиp Bлaдимиpoвич Васютин, born March 8, 1952, Kharkiv, Kharkiv Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, died July 19, 2002) was a Soviet cosmonaut.

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Vladislav Volkov

Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (Владисла́в Никола́евич Во́лков; November 23, 1935June 30, 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions.

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Voskhod programme

The Voskhod programme (Восхо́д,, Ascent or Dawn) was the second Soviet human spaceflight project.

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Vostok programme

The Vostok programme (Восто́к,, Orient or East) was a Soviet human spaceflight project to put the first Soviet citizens into low Earth orbit and return them safely.

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Vyacheslav Zudov

Vyacheslav Dmitriyevich Zudov (Вячесла́в Дми́триевич Зу́дов, born 8 January 1942) is a retired USSR cosmonaut.

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William S. McArthur

William Surles McArthur, Jr. (born July 26, 1951) is a retired United States Army colonel and NASA astronaut and a veteran of three Space Shuttle missions and one expedition to the International Space Station via the Russian Soyuz capsule.

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William Shepherd

William McMichael "Bill" Shepherd (born July 26, 1949), (Capt, USN, Ret.), is an American former Navy SEAL, aerospace, ocean and mechanical engineer, and NASA astronaut, who served as Commander of Expedition 1, the first crew on the International Space Station.

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Yelena Kondakova

Yelena Vladimirovna Kondakova (Елена Владимировна Кондакóва; born March 30, 1957) was the third Soviet/Russian female cosmonaut to travel to space and the first woman to make a long-duration spaceflight.

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Yelena Serova

Yelena Olegovna Serova (Елена Олеговна Серова, born 22 April 1976) is a Russian politician and former cosmonaut.

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Yevgeny Khrunov

Yevgeni Vassilyevich Khrunov (September 10, 1933 – May 20, 2000) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 5/Soyuz 4 mission.

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Yi So-yeon

Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space.

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Yuri Baturin

Yuri Mikhailovich Baturin (Юрий Михайлович Батурин (born 12 June 1949, Moscow, Soviet Union), is a Russian cosmonaut and former politician.http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/baturin_yuri.htm Baturin graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1973, and is the former head of National Security; he is also an author in constitutional law. Baturin was also a cosmonaut who flew on two missions. His first spaceflight, sometimes called Mir EP-4, was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-28 13 August 1998, and landed with Soyuz TM-27. He was a Research Cosmonaut for this mission, which lasted for 11 days 19 hours 39 minutes. His second spaceflight was ISS EP-1, which was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32 on April 28, 2001, and landed with Soyuz TM-31. This mission was notable as carrying to first paying space tourist Dennis Tito. For this mission he was designated a Flight Engineer; the mission lasted for 7 days 22 hours and 4 minutes. He married Svetlana Veniaminovna Polubinskaya, (born 1954); they had a daughter, Alexandra Yurievna Baturina, (born 1982), a student at the Moscow State Academy of Law.

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Yuri Gidzenko

Yuri Pavlovich Gidzenko (Гидзенко, Юрий Павлович; born March 26, 1962) is a Russian cosmonaut.

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Yuri Malenchenko

Yuri Ivanovich Malenchenko (Юрий Иванович Маленченко; born December 22, 1961) is a retired Russian cosmonaut.

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Yuri Shargin

Yuri Georgiyevich Shargin (Юрий Георгиевич Шаргин) is a retired cosmonaut of the Russian Space Forces.

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Yury Artyukhin

Yury Petrovich Artyukhin (Ю́рий Петро́вич Артю́хин; June 22, 1930 – August 4, 1998) was a Soviet Russian cosmonaut and engineer who made a single flight into space.

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Yury Glazkov

Yury Nikolayevich Glazkov (Ю́рий Никола́евич Глазко́в; 2 October 1939 – 9 December 2008) was a Soviet Air Force officer and a cosmonaut.

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Yury Lonchakov

Yury Valentinovich Lonchakov (Юрий Валентинович Лончаков; born 4 March 1965) is a Russian former cosmonaut and a veteran of three space missions.

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Yury Malyshev (cosmonaut)

Yury Vasilyevich Malyshev (Ю́рий Васи́льевич Ма́лышев) was born in the village Nikolayevsk, Stalingrad Oblast (Volgograd Oblast), USSR, on 27 August 1941.

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Yury Onufriyenko

Col.

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Yury Romanenko

Yury Viktorovich Romanenko (Ю́рий Ви́кторович Романе́нко, Jurij Viktorovič Romanenko; born August 1, 1944) is a former Soviet cosmonaut, twice Hero of the Soviet Union (March 16, 1978 and September 26, 1980).

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Yury Usachov

Yury Vladimirovich Usachov (Юрий Владимирович Усачёв; born October 9, 1957 in Donetsk, Rostov Oblast, Russia) is a former cosmonaut who resides in Star City, Moscow.

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Zond 4

Zond 4, part of the Soviet Zond program and an unmanned version of Soyuz 7K-L1 manned Moon-flyby spacecraft, was one of the first Soviet experiments towards manned circumlunar spaceflight.

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Zond 5

Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was an unmanned spacecraft that in September 1968 became the second ship to travel to and circle the Moon, and the first to return safely to Earth.

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Zond 6

Zond 6, a formal member of the Soviet Zond program and unmanned version of Soyuz 7K-L1 manned moon-flyby spacecraft, was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite (68-101B) in Earth parking orbit.

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Zond 7

Zond 7, a formal member of the Soviet Zond program and unmanned version of Soyuz 7K-L1 manned moon-flyby spacecraft, the first truly successful test of L1, was launched towards the Moon from a mother spacecraft (69-067B) on a mission of further studies of the Moon and circumlunar space, to obtain color photography of Earth and the Moon from varying distances, and to flight test the spacecraft systems.

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Zond 8

Zond 8, a formal member of the Soviet Zond program and unmanned version of Soyuz 7K-L1 manned Moon-flyby spacecraft, was launched from an Earth orbiting platform, Tyazheliy Sputnik, towards the Moon.

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Redirects here:

List of Soyuz flights, List of Soyuz program flight.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Soyuz_missions

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