List of programming languages

The aim of this list of programming languages is to include all notable programming languages in existence, both those in current use and historical ones, in alphabetical order, except for dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages. ^[1]

A Sharp (.NET)

A# is a port of the Ada programming language to the Microsoft.NET platform.

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A+ (programming language)

A+ is an array programming language descendent from the programming language A, which in turn was created to replace APL in 1988.

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A++

A++ stands for abstraction plus reference plus synthesis which is used as a name for the minimalistic programming language that is built on ARS.

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A-0 System

The A-0 system (Arithmetic Language version 0), written by Richard K. Ridgway (managed by Grace Hopper) in 1951 and 1952 for the UNIVAC I, was an early compiler related tool developed for electronic computers.

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A♯ (Axiom)

A♯ (pronounced: A sharp) is an object-oriented functional programming language distributed as a separable component of Version 2 of the Axiom computer algebra system.

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ABAP

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming, originally Allgemeiner Berichts-Aufbereitungs-Prozessor, German for "general report creation processor") is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP SE.

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ABC (programming language)

ABC is an imperative general-purpose programming language and programming environment developed at CWI, Netherlands by Leo Geurts, Lambert Meertens, and Steven Pemberton.

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ABC ALGOL

ABC ALGOL is an extension of the Algol 60 programming language with arbitrary data structures and user-defined operators, targeted for symbolic mathematics.

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ABSET

ABSET was an early declarative programming language from the University of Aberdeen.

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Absys

Absys was an early declarative programming language from the University of Aberdeen.

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ACC (programming language)

ACC is a near-C compiler for the MS-DOS operating system on the IBM PC line of computers for programs.

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ACL2

ACL2 (A Computational Logic for Applicative Common Lisp) is a software system consisting of a programming language, an extensible theory in a first-order logic, and a mechanical theorem prover.

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Action! (programming language)

Action! is a procedural programming language similar to ALGOL 68 that is intended to produce high-performance programs for the Atari 8-bit family.

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ActionScript

ActionScript is an object-oriented programming language originally developed by Macromedia Inc. (later acquired by Adobe Systems).

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Active Server Pages

Active Server Pages (ASP), later known as Classic ASP or ASP Classic, is Microsoft's first server-side script engine for dynamically generated web pages.

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Actor (programming language)

The Actor programming language was invented by Charles Duff of The Whitewater Group in 1988.

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Ada (programming language)

Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages.

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Adobe ColdFusion

Adobe ColdFusion is a commercial rapid web application development platform created by J. J. Allaire in 1995.

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Agda (programming language)

Agda is a dependently typed functional programming language originally developed by Ulf Norell at Chalmers University of Technology with implementation described in his PhD thesis.

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Agora (programming language)

Agora is a reflective, prototype-based, object-oriented programming language that is based exclusively on message passing and not delegation.

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AIMMS

is a prescriptive analytics software company with offices in the Netherlands, United States, China and Singapore.

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Aldor

Aldor is a programming language.

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Alef (programming language)

Alef is a discontinued concurrent programming language, designed as part of the Plan 9 operating system by Phil Winterbottom of Bell Labs.

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Algebraic Logic Functional programming language

Algebraic Logic Functional programming language, also known as ALF, is a programming language which combines functional and logic programming techniques.

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ALGOL 58

ALGOL 58, originally known as IAL, is one of the family of ALGOL computer programming languages.

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ALGOL 60

ALGOL 60 (short for Algorithmic Language 1960) is a member of the ALGOL family of computer programming languages.

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ALGOL 68

ALGOL 68 (short for Algorithmic Language 1968) is an imperative computer programming language that was conceived as a successor to the ALGOL 60 programming language, designed with the goal of a much wider scope of application and more rigorously defined syntax and semantics.

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ALGOL W

ALGOL W is a programming language.

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Alice (programming language)

Alice ML is a programming language designed by the Programming Systems Laboratory at Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.

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Alma-0

Alma-0 is a multi-paradigm computer programming language.

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AmbientTalk

AmbientTalk is an experimental object-oriented distributed programming language developed at the Programming Technology Laboratory at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.

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Amiga E

Amiga E, or very often simply E, is a programming language created by Wouter van Oortmerssen on the Amiga.

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AMOS (programming language)

AMOS BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language implemented on the Amiga computer.

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AMPL

A Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) is an algebraic modeling language to describe and solve high-complexity problems for large-scale mathematical computing (i.e., large-scale optimization and scheduling-type problems).

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AngelScript

AngelScript is a game-oriented interpreted compiled scripting language.

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AngularJS

AngularJS (commonly referred to as "Angular.js" or "AngularJS") is a JavaScript-based open-source front-end web application framework mainly maintained by Google and by a community of individuals and corporations to address many of the challenges encountered in developing single-page applications.

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Apache Groovy

Apache Groovy is a Java-syntax-compatible object-oriented programming language for the Java platform.

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Apache Pig

Apache Pig is a high-level platform for creating programs that run on Apache Hadoop.

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APL (programming language)

APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson.

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App Inventor for Android

App Inventor for Android is an open-source web application originally provided by Google, and now maintained by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

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AppleScript

AppleScript is a scripting language created by Apple Inc. that facilitates automated control over scriptable Mac applications.

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APT (programming language)

APT or Automatically Programmed Tool is a high-level computer programming language most commonly used to generate instructions for numerically controlled machine tools.

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Arc (programming language)

Arc is a dialect of the Lisp programming language developed by Paul Graham and Robert Morris.

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Arden syntax

Arden syntax is a markup language used for representing and sharing medical knowledge.

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Arduino

Arduino is an open source computer hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical and digital world.

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ARexx

ARexx is an implementation of the REXX language for the Amiga, written in 1987 by William S. Hawes, with a number of Amiga-specific features beyond standard REXX facilities.

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Argus (programming language)

Argus is a programming language created at MIT by Barbara Liskov between 1982 and 1988, in collaboration with Maurice Herlihy, Paul Johnson, Robert Scheifler, and William Weihl.

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ASP.NET

ASP.NET is an open-source server-side web application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages.

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AspectJ

AspectJ is an aspect-oriented programming (AOP) extension created at PARC for the Java programming language.

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Assembly language

An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

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Ateji PX

Ateji PX is an object-oriented programming language extension for Java.

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ATS (programming language)

ATS (Applied Type System) is a programming language designed to unify programming with formal specification.

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Autocoder

Autocoder was the name given to certain assemblers for a number of IBM computers of the 1950s and 1960s.

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Autodesk 3ds Max

Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio and 3D Studio Max, is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D animations, models, games and images.

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AutoHotkey

AutoHotkey is a free, open-source custom scripting language for Microsoft Windows, initially aimed at providing easy keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys, fast macro-creation and software automation that allows users of most levels of computer skill to automate repetitive tasks in any Windows application.

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AutoIt

AutoIt is a freeware automation language for Microsoft Windows.

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AutoLISP

AutoLISP is a dialect of the LISP programming language built specifically for use with the full version of AutoCAD and its derivatives, which include AutoCAD Map 3D, AutoCAD Architecture and AutoCAD Mechanical.

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Averest

Averest is a synchronous programming language and set of tools to specify, verify, and implement reactive systems.

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AWK

AWK is a programming language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool.

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Axum (programming language)

Axum (previously codenamed Maestro) is a domain-specific concurrent programming language, based on the Actor model, that was under active development by Microsoft between 2009 and 2011.

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B (programming language)

B is a programming language developed at Bell Labs circa 1969.

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Babbage (programming language)

Babbage is the high level assembly language for the GEC 4000 series minicomputers.

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Bash (Unix shell)

Bash is a Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell.

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BASIC

BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use.

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Batch file

A batch file is a kind of script file in DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows.

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BBC BASIC

BBC BASIC is a programming language, developed in 1981 as a native programming language for the MOS Technology 6502 based Acorn BBC Micro home/personal computer.

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Bc (programming language)

bc, for basic calculator (often referred to as bench calculator), is "an arbitrary-precision calculator language" with syntax similar to the C programming language.

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BCPL

BCPL ("Basic Combined Programming Language"; or 'Before C Programming Language' (a common humorous backronym)) is a procedural, imperative, and structured computer programming language.

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BeanShell

BeanShell is a Java-like scripting language, invented by Patrick Niemeyer.

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Bertrand (programming language)

Bertrand (named after Bertrand Russell) is a computer programming language for creating constraint programming systems.

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BETA (programming language)

BETA is a pure object-oriented language originating within the "Scandinavian School" in object-orientation where the first object-oriented language Simula was developed.

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Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless

Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (Brew MP, Brew, or BREW) is an application development platform created by Qualcomm, originally for code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile phones, featuring third-party applications such as mobile games.

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Bistro (programming language)

Bistro is a programming language designed and developed by Nikolas Boyd.

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BLISS

BLISS is a system programming language developed at Carnegie Mellon University by W. A. Wulf, D. B. Russell, and A. N. Habermann around 1970.

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Blitz BASIC

Blitz BASIC refers to the programming language dialect that was interpreted by the first Blitz compilers, devised by New Zealand-based developer Mark Sibly.

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Blockly

Blockly is a client-side JavaScript library for creating visual block programming languages and editors.

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BlooP and FlooP

and are simple programming languages designed by Douglas Hofstadter to illustrate a point in his book Gödel, Escher, Bach.

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Boo (programming language)

Boo is an object-oriented, statically typed, general-purpose programming language that seeks to make use of the Common Language Infrastructure's support for Unicode, internationalization, and web applications, while using a Python-inspired syntax and a special focus on language and compiler extensibility.

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Boomerang (programming language)

Boomerang is a programming language for writing lenses—well-behaved bidirectional transformations —that operate on ad-hoc, textual data formats.

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Bourne shell

The Bourne shell (sh) is a shell, or command-line interpreter, for computer operating systems.

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Brainfuck

Brainfuck is an esoteric programming language created in 1993 by Urban Müller, and notable for its extreme minimalism.

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Business Basic

Business Basic is a category of variants of the BASIC computer programming language which were specialised for business use on minicomputers in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Business Process Execution Language

The Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL), commonly known as BPEL (Business Process Execution Language), is an OASIS standard executable language for specifying actions within business processes with web services.

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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C Sharp (programming language)

C# (/si: ʃɑːrp/) is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.

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C shell

The C shell (csh or the improved version, tcsh) is a Unix shell created by Bill Joy while he was a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1970s.

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C++

C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.

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C--

C-- (pronounced cee minus minus) is a C-like programming language.

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C/AL

C/AL (Client/server Application Language) is the programming language used within C/SIDE the Client/Server Integrated Development Environment in Microsoft Dynamics NAV (Formerly known as Navision Attain).

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Caché ObjectScript

Caché ObjectScript is a part of the Caché database system sold by InterSystems.

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Caml

Caml (originally an acronym for Categorical abstract machine language) is a multi-paradigm, general-purpose programming language which is a dialect of the ML programming language family.

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Cascading Style Sheets

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language like HTML.

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Cayenne (programming language)

Cayenne is a dependently typed functional programming language created by Lennart Augustsson in 1998, making it one of the earliest dependently type programming language (as opposed to proof assistant or logical framework).

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Céu (programming language)

Céu is "Structured Synchronous Reactive Programming" http://www.ceu-lang.org/ According to its web page, Céu supports synchronous concurrency with shared memory and deterministic execution and has a small memory footprint.

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CBASIC

CBASIC is a compiled version of the BASIC programming language written for the CP/M operating system by Gordon Eubanks in 1976–1977.

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CDuce

CDuce is an XML-oriented functional language, which extends XDuce in a few directions.

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Cecil (programming language)

Cecil is a pure object-oriented programming language that was developed by Craig Chambers at the University of Washington in 1992 to be part of the Vortex project there.

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CESIL

Cesil, or Computer Education in Schools Instruction Language, was a programming language designed to introduce pupils in British schools to Assembly language.

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Ceylon (programming language)

Ceylon is an object-oriented, strongly statically typed programming language with an emphasis on immutability, created by Red Hat.

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CFEngine

CFEngine is an open source configuration management system, written by Mark Burgess.

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Cg (programming language)

Cg (short for C for Graphics) is a high-level shading language developed by Nvidia in close collaboration with Microsoft for programming vertex and pixel shaders.

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Ch (computer programming)

Ch is a proprietary cross-platform C and C++ interpreter and scripting language environment, originally designed by Harry H. Cheng as a scripting language for beginners to learn mathematics, computing, numerical analysis (numeric methods), and programming in C/C++.

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Chapel (programming language)

Chapel, the Cascade High Productivity Language, is a parallel programming language developed by Cray.

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Charity (programming language)

Charity is an experimental purely functional programming language, developed at the University of Calgary under the supervision of Robin Cockett.

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Charm (programming language)

Charm is a computer programming language devised in the early 1990s with similarities to the RTL/2, Pascal and C languages in addition to containing some unique features of its own.

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CHILL

In computing, CHILL (an acronym for CCITT High Level Language) is a procedural programming language designed for use in telecommunication switches (the hardware used inside telephone exchanges).

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CHIP-8

CHIP-8 is an interpreted programming language, developed by Joseph Weisbecker.

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Chomski

chomski virtual machine (named after the noted linguist Noam Chomsky) and pp (the pattern parser) refer to both a command line computer language and utility (interpreter for that language) which can be used to parse and transform text patterns.

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ChucK

ChucK is a concurrent, strongly timed audio programming language for real-time synthesis, composition, and performance, which runs on Linux, Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, and iOS.

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CICS

Customer Information Control System (CICS) is a family of mixed language application servers that provide online transaction management and connectivity for applications on IBM Mainframe systems under z/OS and z/VSE.

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Cilk

Cilk, Cilk++ and Cilk Plus are general-purpose programming languages designed for multithreaded parallel computing.

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Citrine (programming language)

Citrine is a general purpose programming language for Unix-like operating systems.

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Claire (programming language)

Claire is a high-level functional and object-oriented programming language with rule processing abilities.

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Clarion (programming language)

Clarion is a commercial, proprietary, 4GL, multi-paradigm, programming language and Integrated Development Environment from SoftVelocity used to program database applications.

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Clean (programming language)

Clean is a general-purpose purely functional computer programming language.

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Clipper (programming language)

Clipper is an xBase compiler, which is a computer programming language, that is used to create software programs that originally operated primarily under MS-DOS.

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CLIPS

CLIPS is a public domain software tool for building expert systems.

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CLIST

CLIST (Command List) (pronounced "C-List") is a procedural programming language for TSO in MVS systems.

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Clojure

Clojure (like "closure") is a dialect of the Lisp programming language.

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CLU (programming language)

CLU is a programming language created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by Barbara Liskov and her students between 1974 and 1975.

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CMS EXEC

CMS EXEC, or EXEC, is an interpreted, command procedure control, computer scripting language used by the CMS EXEC Processor supplied with the IBM Virtual Machine/Conversational Monitor System (VM/CMS) operating system.

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CMS Pipelines

CMS Pipelines implements the pipeline concept under the VM/CMS operating system.

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CMS-2 (programming language)

CMS-2 is an embedded systems programming language used by the United States Navy.

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COBOL

COBOL (an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use.

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CobolScript

CobolScript is a programming language created by Matthew Dean and Charles Schereda of Deskware in 1999.

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Cobra (programming language)

Cobra is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.

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CoffeeScript

CoffeeScript is a programming language that transcompiles to JavaScript.

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COMAL

COMAL (Common Algorithmic Language) is a computer programming language developed in Denmark by Benedict Løfstedt and Børge R. Christensen in 1973.

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COMIT

COMIT was the first string processing language (compare SNOBOL, TRAC, and Perl), developed on the IBM 700/7000 series computers by Dr.

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Common Intermediate Language

Common Intermediate Language (CIL), formerly called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), is the lowest-level human-readable programming language defined by the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specification and is used by the.NET Framework,.NET Core, and Mono.

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Common Lisp

Common Lisp (CL) is a dialect of the Lisp programming language, published in ANSI standard document ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R2004) (formerly X3.226-1994 (R1999)).

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Communicating sequential processes

In computer science, communicating sequential processes (CSP) is a formal language for describing patterns of interaction in concurrent systems.

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Comparison of programming languages

Programming languages are used for controlling the behavior of a machine (often a computer).

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COMPASS

COMPASS is an acronym for COMPrehensive ASSembler.

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Component Pascal

Component Pascal is a programming language in the tradition of Niklaus Wirth's Pascal, Modula-2, Oberon and Oberon-2.

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Computer Sciences Corporation

Computer Sciences Corporation (CSC) was an American multinational corporation that provided information technology (IT) services and professional services.

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COMTRAN

COMTRAN (COMmercial TRANslator) is an early programming language developed at IBM.

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Constraint Handling Rules

Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) is a declarative, rule-based language, introduced in 1991 by Thom Frühwirth at the time with ECRC (European Computer-Industry Research Centre) in Munich, Germany.

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Converge (programming language)

Converge is a dynamic object-oriented programming language with compile-time meta-programming facilities.

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Cool (programming language)

Cool, an acronym for Classroom Object Oriented Language, is a computer programming language designed by Alexander Aiken for use in an undergraduate compiler course project.

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Coq

In computer science, Coq is an interactive theorem prover.

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Coral 66

CORAL (Computer On-line Real-time Applications Language) is a programming language originally developed in 1964 at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), Malvern, UK, as a subset of JOVIAL.

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Core War

Core War is a 1984 programming game created by D. G. Jones and A. K. Dewdney in which two or more battle programs (called "warriors") compete for control of a virtual computer.

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CorVision

CorVision is a fourth generation programming tool (4GL) currently owned by Attunity, Inc. CorVision was developed by Cortex Corporation for the VAX/VMS ISAM environment.

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COWSEL

COWSEL (COntrolled Working SpacE Language) is a programming language designed between 1964 and 1966 by Robin Popplestone.

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CPL (programming language)

CPL (Combined Programming Language) is a multi-paradigm programming language, that was developed in the early 1960s.

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Cryptol

Cryptol is a domain specific programming language for cryptography developed by the Portland, Oregon based software development firm, Galois, Inc..

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Crystal (programming language)

Crystal is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language, designed and developed by Ary Borenszweig and Juan Wajnerman and more than 200 contributors.

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Csound

Csound is a computer programming language for sound, also known as a sound compiler or an audio programming language, or more precisely, an audio DSL.

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CUDA

CUDA is a parallel computing platform and application programming interface (API) model created by Nvidia.

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Cuneiform (programming language)

Cuneiform is an open-source workflow language for large-scale scientific data analysis.

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Curl (programming language)

Curl is a reflective object-oriented programming language for interactive web applications whose goal is to provide a smoother transition between formatting and programming.

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Curry (programming language)

Curry is an experimental functional logic programming language, based on the Haskell language.

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Cybil (programming language)

Cybil (short for the Cyber Implementation Language of the Control Data Network Operating System) was a Pascal-like language developed at Control Data Corporation.

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Cyclone (programming language)

The Cyclone programming language is intended to be a safe dialect of the C language.

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Cython

Cython is a superset of the Python programming language, designed to give C-like performance with code that is written mostly in Python.

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D (programming language)

D is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars and released in 2001.

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Dart (programming language)

Dart is a general-purpose programming language originally developed by Google and later approved as a standard by Ecma (ECMA-408).

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Darwin (programming language)

Darwin is a closed source programming language developed by Gaston Gonnet and colleagues at ETH Zurich.

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Dassault Mirage 2000

The Dassault Mirage 2000 is a French multirole, single-engine fourth-generation jet fighter manufactured by Dassault Aviation.

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Data analysis expressions

Data Analysis Expressions (DAX) is the native formula and query language for Microsoft PowerPivot, Power BI Desktop and SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Tabular models.

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DataFlex

DataFlex (formerly known as Visual DataFlex) is a visual tool for developing Windows, web and mobile software applications on one framework-based platform.

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Datalog

Datalog is a declarative logic programming language that syntactically is a subset of Prolog.

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Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language

DASL (Datapoint's Advanced Systems Language) was a programming language and compiler proprietary to Datapoint.

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DATATRIEVE

DATATRIEVE is a database query and report writer tool from Hewlett-Packard.

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DBase

| influenced.

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Dc (computer program)

dc (desk calculator) is a cross-platform reverse-polish calculator which supports arbitrary-precision arithmetic.

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DEC Text Processing Utility

DEC Text Processing Utility (or DECTPU) was a language developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for developing text editors.

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DIBOL

DIBOL or Digital's Business Oriented Language is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative programming language, designed for use in Management Information Systems (MIS) software development.

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DIGITAL Command Language

DIGITAL Command Language (DCL) is the standard command language adopted by most of the operating systems (OSs) that were sold by the former Digital Equipment Corporation (which was acquired by Compaq, which was in turn acquired by Hewlett-Packard).

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Distributed Application Specification Language

The DASL Programming Language (Distributed Application Specification Language) is a high-level, strongly typed programming language originally developed at Sun Microsystems Laboratories between 1999 and 2003 as part of the.

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Draco (programming language)

Draco was a shareware programming language created by Chris Gray.

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DRAKON

DRAKON is an algorithmic visual programming language developed within the Buran space project following ergonomic design principles.

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Dylan (programming language)

Dylan is a multi-paradigm programming language that includes support for functional and object-oriented programming, and is dynamic and reflective while providing a programming model designed to support efficient machine code generation, including fine-grained control over dynamic and static behaviors.

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DYNAMO (programming language)

DYNAMO (DYNAmic MOdels) was a simulation language and accompanying graphical notation developed within the system dynamics analytical framework.

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E (programming language)

E is an object-oriented programming language for secure distributed computing, created by Mark S. Miller, Dan Bornstein, and others at Electric Communities in 1997.

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EarSketch

EarSketch is a free educational programming environment.

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Ease (programming language)

Ease is a general purpose parallel programming language.

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Easy Programming Language

Easy Programming Language (EPL) is a Chinese programming language, featuring a full Chinese environment.

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Easytrieve

Easytrieve is a Report generator product of CA Technologies.

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EC (programming language)

eC (Ecere C) is an object-oriented programming language, defined as a super-set of the C language.

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ECMAScript

ECMAScript (or ES) is a trademarked scripting-language specification standardized by Ecma International in ECMA-262 and ISO/IEC 16262.

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Edinburgh IMP

Edinburgh IMP is a development of ATLAS Autocode, initially developed around 1966-1969 at Edinburgh University, Scotland.

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EGL (programming language)

EGL (Enterprise Generation Language), originally developed by IBM and now available as the EDT (EGL Development Tools) Open Source project under the Eclipse Public License (EPL), is a programming technology designed to meet the challenges of modern, multi-platform application development by providing a common language and programming model across languages, frameworks, and runtime platforms.

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Eiffel (programming language)

Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software.

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ELAN (programming language)

ELAN is an educational programming language for learning and teaching systematic programming.

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Elixir (programming language)

Elixir is a functional, concurrent, general-purpose programming language that runs on the Erlang virtual machine (BEAM).

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Elm (programming language)

Elm is a domain-specific programming language for declaratively creating web browser-based graphical user interfaces.

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Eltron Programming Language

Eltron Programming Language (EPL and EPL2) is a printer control language used to produce printed paper labels for various Eltron (now Zebra) model printers.

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Emacs Lisp

Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used as a scripting language by Emacs (a text editor family most commonly associated with GNU Emacs and XEmacs).

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Emerald (programming language)

Emerald is a distributed, object-oriented programming language developed in the 1980s by Andrew P. Black, Norman C. Hutchinson, Eric B. Jul, and Henry M. Levy, in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Washington.

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Epigram (programming language)

Epigram is a functional programming language with dependent types.

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Erlang (programming language)

Erlang is a general-purpose, concurrent, functional programming language, as well as a garbage-collected runtime system.

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Escher (programming language)

Escher (named for M. C. Escher, "a master of endless loops") is a declarative programming language that supports both functional programming and logic programming models, developed by J.W. Lloyd in the mid-1990s.

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Esoteric programming language

An esoteric programming language (sometimes shortened to esolang) is a programming language designed to test the boundaries of computer programming language design, as a proof of concept, as software art, as a hacking interface to another language (particularly functional programming or procedural programming languages), or as a joke.

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Esterel

Esterel is a synchronous programming language for the development of complex reactive systems.

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Etoys (programming language)

Etoys is a child-friendly computer environment and object-oriented prototype-based programming language for use in education.

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Euclid (programming language)

Euclid is an imperative programming language for writing verifiable programs.

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Euler (programming language)

Euler is a programming language created by Niklaus Wirth and Helmut Weber, conceived as an extension and generalization of ALGOL 60.

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Euphoria (programming language)

Euphoria is a programming language originally created by Robert Craig of Rapid Deployment Software in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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EusLisp Robot Programming Language

EusLisp is a Lisp-based programming system.

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EXEC 2

EXEC 2 is an interpreted, command procedure control, computer scripting language used by the EXEC 2 Processor supplied with the IBM Virtual Machine/System Product (VM/SP) operating system.

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Executable UML

Executable UML (xtUML or xUML) is both a software development method and a highly abstract software language.

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Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language

ESPOL (short for Executive Systems Problem Oriented Language) was a superset of ALGOL 60 that provided capabilities of what would later be known as Mohols, machine oriented high order languages, such as interrupting a processor on a multiprocessor system (the Burroughs large systems were multiprocessor processor systems).

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F (programming language)

F is a modular, compiled, numeric programming language, designed for scientific programming and scientific computation.

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F Sharp (programming language)

F# (pronounced F sharp) is a strongly typed, multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, and object-oriented programming methods.

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F* (programming language)

F* (pronounced F star) is a functional programming language inspired by ML and aimed at program verification.

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F-Script (programming language)

F-Script is an object-oriented scripting programming language for Apple's OS X operating system developed by Philippe Mougin.

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Factor (programming language)

Factor is a stack-oriented programming language created by Slava Pestov.

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Falcon (programming language)

Falcon is an open source, multi-paradigm programming language.

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Fantom (programming language)

Fantom is a general purpose object-oriented programming language created by Brian and Andy Frank that runs on the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), JavaScript, and the.NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) (.NET support is considered "prototype" status).

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FAUST (programming language)

FAUST (Functional AUdio STream) is a domain-specific purely functional programming language for implementing signal processing algorithms in the form of libraries, audio plug-ins, or standalone applications.

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Fjölnir (programming language)

Fjölnir (also Fjolnir or Fjoelnir) is a programming language developed by professor Snorri Agnarsson of computer science at Háskóli Íslands (University of Iceland) that was mostly used in the 1980s.

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FL (programming language)

FL (short for Function Level) is a functional programming language created at the IBM Almaden Research Center by John Backus, John Williams, and Edward Wimmers in the 1980s and documented in a report from 1989.

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Flavors (programming language)

Flavors, an early object-oriented extension to Lisp developed by Howard Cannon at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory for the Lisp machine and its programming language Lisp Machine Lisp, was the first programming language to include mixins.

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Flex (language)

In computing, the FLEX language was developed by Alan Kay in the late 1960s while exploring ideas that would later evolve into the Smalltalk programming language.

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FLOW-MATIC

FLOW-MATIC, originally known as B-0 (Business Language version 0), was the first English-like data processing language.

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FOCAL (programming language)

FOCAL is an interpreted programming language resembling JOSS.

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FOCUS

FOCUS is a fourth-generation programming language (4GL) computer programming language and development environment that is used to build database queries.

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FOIL (programming language)

FOIL was the name for two different programming languages.

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FORMAC

FORMAC, acronym of FORmula MAnipulation Compiler, was an early computer algebra system based on FORTRAN.

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Formula language

The Formula language is a scripting language used by Lotus Notes.

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Forth (programming language)

Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and environment originally designed by Charles "Chuck" Moore.

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Fortran

Fortran (formerly FORTRAN, derived from Formula Translation) is a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

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Fortress (programming language)

Fortress is a discontinued experimental programming language for high-performance computing, created by Sun Microsystems with funding from DARPA's High Productivity Computing Systems project.

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FoxPro

FoxPro was a text-based procedurally oriented programming language and database management system (DBMS), and it is also an object-oriented programming language, originally published by Fox Software and later by Microsoft, for MS-DOS, Windows, Macintosh, and UNIX.

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FP (programming language)

FP (short for Function Programming) is a programming language created by John Backus to support the function-level programming Backus' 1977 Turing Award lecture paradigm.

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Franz Lisp

In computer programming, Franz Lisp was a Lisp system written at UC Berkeley by the students of Professor Richard J. Fateman, based largely on Maclisp and distributed with the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) for the Digital Equipment Corp (DEC) VAX.

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Frege (programming language)

Frege is a non-strict, purely functional programming language for the Java virtual machine in the spirit of Haskell.

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G-code

G-code (also RS-274), which has many variants, is the common name for the most widely used numerical control (NC) programming language.

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Gambas

Gambas is the name of an object-oriented dialect of the BASIC programming language, as well as the integrated development environment that accompanies it.

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Game Oriented Assembly Lisp

Game Oriented Assembly Lisp (or GOAL) is a video game programming language developed by Andy Gavin and the Jak and Daxter team at Naughty Dog.

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GameMaker Studio

GameMaker Studio (formerly Animo until 1999, Game Maker until 2011, GameMaker until 2012, and GameMaker: Studio until 2017) is a cross-platform game engine developed by YoYo Games.

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GameMonkey Script

GameMonkey Script is a small, cross-platform scripting language designed for embedding into games.

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GAP (computer algebra system)

GAP (Groups, Algorithms and Programming) is a computer algebra system for computational discrete algebra with particular emphasis on computational group theory.

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Gödel (programming language)

Gödel is a declarative, general-purpose programming language that adheres to the logic programming paradigm.

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General Algebraic Modeling System

The General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) is a high-level modeling system for mathematical optimization.

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Generics in Java

Generics are a facility of generic programming that were added to the Java programming language in 2004 within version J2SE 5.0.

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Genie (programming language)

Genie is a modern, general-purpose high-level programming language in active development since 2008.

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Geometric Description Language

In computer-aided design, Geometric Description Language (GDL) is the programming language of ArchiCAD library parts.

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GEORGE (programming language)

GEORGE is a programming language invented by Charles Leonard Hamblin in 1957.

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GLBasic

GLBasic is a commercial BASIC programming language that can compile to various platforms including Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, as well as some handheld devices.

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GNU E

GNU E is an extension of C++ designed for writing software systems to support persistent applications.

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GNU Octave

GNU Octave is software featuring a high-level programming language, primarily intended for numerical computations.

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Go (programming language)

Go (often referred to as Golang) is a programming language created at Google in 2009 by Robert Griesemer, Rob Pike, and Ken Thompson.

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Go! (programming language)

Go! is an agent-based programming language in the tradition of logic-based programming languages like Prolog.

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Godot (game engine)

Godot is a 2D and 3D cross-platform compatible game engine released as open source software under the MIT license.

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Golo (programming language)

Golo is computer software, a programming language for the Java virtual machine (JVM).

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Google Apps Script

Apps Script is a scripting language for light-weight application development in the G Suite platform.

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Gosu (programming language)

Gosu is a statically-typed programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine released under the Apache 2 license.

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GPSS

General Purpose Simulation System (GPSS) (originally Gordon's Programmable Simulation System after creator Geoffrey Gordon; the name was changed when it was decided to release it as a product) is a discrete time simulation general-purpose programming language, where a simulation clock advances in discrete steps.

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GRASS (programming language)

GRASS (GRAphics Symbiosis System) is a programming language created to script 2D vector graphics animations.

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Hack (programming language)

Hack is a programming language for the HipHop Virtual Machine (HHVM), created by Facebook as a dialect of PHP.

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HAGGIS

HAGGIS is a high-level reference programming language used primarily to examine Computing Science for Scottish pupils taking SQA courses on the subject.

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HAL/S

HAL/S (High-order Assembly Language/Shuttle) is a real-time aerospace programming language compiler and cross-compiler for avionics applications used by NASA and associated agencies (JPL, etc.). It has been used in many U.S. space projects since 1973 and its most significant use was in the Space Shuttle program (approximately 85% of the Shuttle software is coded in HAL/S).

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Halide (programming language)

Halide is a computer programming language designed for writing digital image processing code that takes advantage of memory locality, vectorized computation and multi-core CPUs and GPUs.

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Hamilton C shell

Hamilton C shell is a clone of the Unix C shell and utilities Early for Microsoft Windows created by Nicole Hamilton at Hamilton Laboratories as a completely original work, not based on any prior code.

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Harbour (software)

Harbour is a modern computer programming language, primarily used to create database/business programs.

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Haskell (programming language)

Haskell is a standardized, general-purpose compiled purely functional programming language, with non-strict semantics and strong static typing.

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Haxe

Haxe is a high-level cross-platform multi-paradigm programming language and compiler that can produce applications and source code, for many different computing platforms, from one code-base.

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Haystack (MIT project)

Haystack was a project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to research and develop several applications around personal information management and the Semantic Web.

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Hermes (programming language)

Hermes is a language for distributed programming that was developed at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center from 1986 through 1992, with an open-source compiler and run-time system.

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High Level Assembly

High Level Assembly (HLA) is a high-level assembly language developed by Randall Hyde.

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High-Level Shading Language

The High-Level Shader Language or High-Level Shading Language (HLSL) is a proprietary shading language developed by Microsoft for the Direct3D 9 API to augment the shader assembly language, and went on to become the required shading language for the unified shader model of Direct3D 10 and higher.

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History of programming languages

The first high-level programming language was Plankalkül, created by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945.

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Hop (software)

Hop is a Lisp-like programming language by Manuel Serrano for web 2.0 and also the name of the web broker (server and proxy) that implements this language.

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Hope (programming language)

Hope is a small functional programming language developed in the 1970s at the University of Edinburgh.

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Hopscotch (programming language)

Hopscotch is a visual programming language developed by Hopscotch Technologies, designed to allow young or beginner programmers to develop simple projects.

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HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages and web applications.

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Hume (programming language)

Hume is a functionally based programming language developed at the University of St Andrews and Heriot-Watt University in Scotland since the year 2000.

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HyperTalk

HyperTalk was a high-level, procedural programming language created in 1987 by Dan Winkler and used in conjunction with Apple Computer's HyperCard hypermedia program by Bill Atkinson.

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IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System

The IBM 1401 Symbolic Programming System (SPS) was an assembler that was developed by Gary Mokotoff, IBM Applied Programming Department, for the IBM 1401 computer, the first of the IBM 1400 series.

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IBM BASIC

The IBM Personal Computer Basic, commonly shortened to IBM BASIC, is a programming language first released by IBM with the IBM Personal Computer (model 5150) in 1981.

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IBM Basic assembly language and successors

Basic Assembly Language (BAL) is the commonly used term for a low-level programming language used on IBM System/360 and successor mainframes.

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IBM HAScript

HAScript, or Host Access Script, is an IBM-developed macro language with an XML syntax designed for programmatic interaction with terminal-based applications.

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IBM i Control Language

The IBM i Control Language (CL) is a scripting language for the IBM's IBM i platform (previously called OS/400 when running on AS/400 systems) bearing a resemblance to the IBM Job Control Language and consisting of an ever-expanding set of command objects (*CMD) used to invoke traditional AS/400 programs and/or get help on what those programs do.

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IBM Informix-4GL

Informix-4GL is a 4GL programming language developed by Informix during the mid-1980s.

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IBM RPG

RPG is a high-level programming language (HLL) for business applications.

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Icon (programming language)

Icon is a very high-level programming language featuring goal-directed execution and many facilities for managing strings and textual patterns.

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IDL (programming language)

IDL, short for Interactive Data Language, is a programming language used for data analysis.

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IntelliCorp (software)

IntelliCorp (IC) is a software company that provides, develops, and markets SAP application lifecycle management, business process management and data management software for SAP customers and partners.

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Interactive fiction

Interactive fiction, often abbreviated IF, is software simulating environments in which players use text commands to control characters and influence the environment.

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Io (programming language)

Io is a pure object-oriented programming language inspired by Smalltalk, Self, Lua, Lisp, Act1, and NewtonScript.

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J (programming language)

The J programming language, developed in the early 1990s by Kenneth E. Iverson and Roger Hui, is a synthesis of APL (also by Iverson) and the FP and FL function-level languages created by John Backus.

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J Sharp

Visual J# (pronounced "jay-sharp") is an implementation of the J# programming language that was a transitional language for programmers of Java and Visual J++ languages, so they could use their existing knowledge and applications with the.NET Framework.

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JADE (programming language)

JADE is a proprietary object-oriented software development and deployment platform product from the New Zealand-based Jade Software Corporation, first released in 1996.

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JAL (compiler)

JAL (Just Another Language) is a Pascal-like programming language and compiler that generates executable code for PIC microcontrollers.

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Janus (concurrent constraint programming language)

Janus is a computer programming language partially described by K. Kahn and Vijay A. Saraswat in, in SIGPLAN Notices, October 1990.

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Janus (time-reversible computing programming language)

Janus is a time-reversible programming language written at Caltech in 1982.

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JASS

JASS and JASS2 (sometimes said to stand for Just Another Scripting Syntax) is a scripting language provided with an event-driven API created by Blizzard Entertainment.

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Java (programming language)

Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

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JavaFX Script

JavaFX Script was a scripting language designed by Sun Microsystems, forming part of the JavaFX family of technologies on the Java Platform.

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JavaScript

JavaScript, often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, interpreted programming language.

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JEAN

JEAN was a dialect of the JOSS programming language developed for and used on ICT 1900 series computers in the late 1960s and early 1970s; it was implemented under the MINIMOP operating system.

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Job Control Language

Job Control Language (JCL) is a name for scripting languages used on IBM mainframe operating systems to instruct the system on how to run a batch job or start a subsystem.

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Join Java

Join Java is a programming language based on the join-pattern that extends the standard Java programming language with the join semantics of the join-calculus.

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JOSS

JOSS (an acronym for JOHNNIAC Open Shop System) was one of the very first interactive, time-sharing programming languages.

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Joule (programming language)

Joule is a concurrent dataflow programming language, designed for building distributed applications.

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JOVIAL

JOVIAL is a high-level computer programming language similar to ALGOL, specialized for the development of embedded systems (specialized computer systems designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions, usually embedded as part of a complete device including mechanical parts).

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Joy (programming language)

The Joy programming language in computer science is a purely functional programming language that was produced by Manfred von Thun of La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia.

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Jq (programming language)

jq is a very high-level functional programming language with support for backtracking and managing streams of JSON data.

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JScript

JScript is Microsoft's dialect of the ECMAScript standard that is used in Microsoft's Internet Explorer.

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JScript .NET

JScript.NET is a.NET programming language developed by Microsoft.

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Julia (programming language)

Julia is a high-level dynamic programming language designed to address the needs of high-performance numerical analysis and computational science, without the typical need of separate compilation to be fast, while also being effective for general-purpose programming, web use or as a specification language.

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Jython

Jython is an implementation of the Python programming language designed to run on the Java platform.

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K (programming language)

K is a proprietary array processing programming language developed by Arthur Whitney and commercialized by Kx Systems.

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Kaleidoscope (programming language)

The Kaleidoscope programming language is a constraint programming language embedding constraints into an imperative object-oriented language.

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Karel (programming language)

Karel is an educational programming language for beginners, created by Richard E. Pattis in his book Karel The Robot: A Gentle Introduction to the Art of Programming.

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Kent Recursive Calculator

KRC (Kent Recursive Calculator) is a lazy functional language developed by David Turner from November 1979 to October 1981 based on SASL, with pattern matching, guards and ZF expressions (now more usually called list comprehensions).

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Keysight VEE

Keysight VEE is a graphical dataflow programming software development environment from Keysight Technologies for automated test, measurement, data analysis and reporting.

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KiXtart

KiXtart is a closed source free-format scripting language for Windows.

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Klerer-May System

The Klerer-May System is a programming language developed in the mid-1960s, oriented to numerical scientific programming, whose most notable feature is its two-dimensional syntax based on traditional mathematical notation.

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Knowledge Interchange Format

Knowledge Interchange Format (KIF) is a computer language designed to enable systems to share and re-use information from knowledge-based systems.

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Kodu Game Lab

Kodu, originally named Boku, is a programming integrated development environment (IDE) by Microsoft's FUSE Labs.

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Kojo (learning environment)

Kojo is a programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) for computer programming and learning.

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KornShell

KornShell (ksh) is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn at Bell Labs in the early 1980s and announced at USENIX on July 14, 1983.

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Kotlin (programming language)

Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the Java virtual machine and also can be compiled to JavaScript source code or use the LLVM compiler infrastructure.

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KRL (programming language)

KRL is a knowledge representation language, developed by Daniel G. Bobrow and Terry Winograd while at Xerox PARC and Stanford University, respectively.

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Krypton (programming language)

Krypton (styled KRYPTON) is a frame-based computer programming language.

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KUKA Robot Language

The KUKA Robot Language, also known as KRL, is a proprietary programming language similar to Pascal and used to control KUKA robots.

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L (programming language)

Multiple programming languages are named L, including.

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LabVIEW

Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments.

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Ladder logic

Ladder logic was originally a written method to document the design and construction of relay racks as used in manufacturing and process control.

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Lagoona (programming language)

Lagoona is an experimental programming language developed by Michael Franz, a former student of Niklaus Wirth.

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LANSA (development environment)

LANSA is an integrated development environment (IDE) for building desktop, web and mobile software applications that can be deployed to Cloud, Windows, Linux and IBM i server platforms.

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Lasso (programming language)

Lasso is an application server and server management interface used to develop internet applications and is a general-purpose, high-level programming language.

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LaTeX

LaTeX (or; a shortening of Lamport TeX) is a document preparation system.

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Lava (programming language)

Lava is an experimental, visual object-oriented, interpreter-based programming language with an associated programming environment (Lava Programming Environment or LavaPE) that uses structure editors instead of text editors.

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LC-3

Little Computer 3, or LC-3, is a type of computer educational programming language, an assembly language, which is a type of low-level programming language.

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Leda (programming language)

Leda is a multiparadigm programming language whose goal is to successfully mix imperative, object-oriented, functional, and logic-based programming features into one language.

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Lego Mindstorms

Lego Mindstorms is a hardware software platform produced by Lego for the development of programmable robots based on Lego building blocks.

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Lego Mindstorms NXT

LEGO Mindstorms NXT is a programmable robotics kit released by Lego in late July 2006.

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LilyPond

LilyPond is a computer program and file format for music engraving.

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Limbo (programming language)

Limbo is a programming language for writing distributed systems and is the language used to write applications for the Inferno operating system.

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Limnor

Limnor is a generic-purpose codeless and visual programming system.

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LINC 4GL

LINC ("Logic and Information Network Compiler") is a fourth-generation programming language, used mostly on Unisys computer systems.

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Lingo (programming language)

Lingo is a verbose object-oriented (OO) scripting language developed by John H. Thompson for use in Adobe Director (formerly Macromedia Director).

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LIS (programming language)

LIS (Language d'Implementation de Systèmes) was a system implementation programming language designed by Jean Ichbiah, who later designed Ada.

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LISA (Language for Instruction Set Architecture)

LISA (Language for Instruction Set Architectures) is a language to describe the instruction set architecture of a processor.

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Lisaac

Lisaac is a statically typed prototype-based language conceived by Benoît Sonntag, in which the is being written.

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Lisp (programming language)

Lisp (historically, LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation.

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Lisp Machine Lisp

Lisp Machine Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language.

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List of BASIC dialects

This is an alphabetical list of BASIC dialectsinterpreted and compiled variants of the BASIC programming language.

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List of markup languages

This is a list of markup languages.

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List of stylesheet languages

The following is a list of style sheet languages.

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List of video game emulators

The following is a list of video game system emulators for arcade games, home video game consoles and handheld game consoles.

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Lists of programming languages

There are thousands of programming languages.

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Lite-C

Lite-C is a programming language for multimedia applications and personal computer games, using a syntax subset of the C language with some elements of the C++ language.

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Lithe (programming language)

Lithe is an experimental programming language created in 1982 by David Sandberg at the University of Washington which allows the programmer to freely choose their own syntax.

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Little b (programming language)

Little b is a domain-specific programming language, more specifically, a modeling language, designed to build modular mathematical models of biological systems.

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Little Implementation Language

LIL, the Little Implementation Language, was a system programming language during the early days of Unix history on PDP-11 machines.

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LiveCode

LiveCode (formerly Revolution and MetaCard) is a cross-platform rapid application development runtime environment inspired by HyperCard.

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LiveScript

LiveScript is a functional language that compiles to JavaScript.

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Logo (programming language)

Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon.

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Logtalk

Logtalk is an object-oriented logic programming language that extends and leverages the Prolog language with a feature set suitable for programming in the large.

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LotusScript

LotusScript is an object oriented programming language used by Lotus Notes (since version 4.0) and other IBM Lotus Software products.

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LPC (programming language)

LPC (short for Lars Pensjö C) is an object-oriented programming language derived from C and developed originally by Lars Pensjö to facilitate MUD building on LPMuds.

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LSE (programming language)

LSE (Langage symbolique d'enseignement) is a programming language developed at Supélec in the late 1970s/early 1980s.

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Lua (programming language)

Lua (from meaning moon) is a lightweight, multi-paradigm programming language designed primarily for embedded use in applications.

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Lucid (programming language)

Lucid is a dataflow programming language designed to experiment with non-von Neumann programming models.

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Lustre (programming language)

Lustre is a formally defined, declarative, and synchronous dataflow programming language for programming reactive systems.

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LYaPAS

LYaPAS (Russian: ЛЯПАС, short for "Logical Language for the Representation of Synthesis Algorithms") is a programming language created in the Soviet Union in 1964 by Arkady D.Zakrevskij of the Laboratory of System Programming and Logical Synthesis of the BSSR Academy of Sciences.

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Lynx (programming language)

Lynx is a programming language for large distributed networks, using remote procedure calls.

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M Sharp

M# (pronounced em sharp) is a code generation tool that is being marketed as a Domain-specific language that can be used to create Websites and Web Applications and its main goal is to reduce the time necessary for creating these by hand.

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M2001

M2001 is a modular educational mathematical programming language for developing and presenting mathematical algorithms, from the modern discrete to the classical continuous mathematics.

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M4 (computer language)

m4 is a general-purpose macro processor included in all UNIX-like operating systems, and is a component of the POSIX standard.

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Machine code

Machine code is a computer program written in machine language instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

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Macsyma

Macsyma (Project MAC’s SYmbolic MAnipulator) is one of the oldest general purpose computer algebra systems which is still widely used.

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MAD (programming language)

MAD (Michigan Algorithm Decoder) is a programming language and compiler for the IBM 704 and later the IBM 709, IBM 7090, IBM 7040, UNIVAC 1107, UNIVAC 1108, Philco 210-211, and eventually the IBM S/370 mainframe computers.

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Magik (programming language)

Magik is an object-oriented programming language that supports multiple inheritance and polymorphism, and it is dynamically typed.

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Magma (computer algebra system)

Magma is a computer algebra system designed to solve problems in algebra, number theory, geometry and combinatorics.

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Make (software)

In software development, Make is a build automation tool that automatically builds executable programs and libraries from source code by reading files called Makefiles which specify how to derive the target program.

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MapBasic

MapBasic is a programming language for creation of additional tools and functionality for the MapInfo Professional geographical information system.

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Maple (software)

Maple is a symbolic and numeric computing environment, and is also a multi-paradigm programming language.

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MAPPER

MAPPER (MAintain, Prepare, and Produce Executive Reports) is a database management and processing system.

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MARK IV (software)

MARK IV is a Fourth-generation programming language that was created by Informatics, Inc. in the 1960s.

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Markup language

In computer text processing, a markup language is a system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text.

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Mary (programming language)

Mary was a programming language designed and implemented by RUNIT at Trondheim, Norway in the 1970s.

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MATH-MATIC

MATH-MATIC is the marketing name for the AT-3 (Algebraic Translator 3) compiler, an early programming language for the UNIVAC I and UNIVAC II.

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Mathcad

Mathcad is computer software primarily intended for the verification, validation, documentation and re-use of engineering calculations.

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MATLAB

MATLAB (matrix laboratory) is a multi-paradigm numerical computing environment and proprietary programming language developed by MathWorks.

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Maude system

The Maude system is an implementation of rewriting logic developed at SRI International.

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Max (software)

Max is a visual programming language for music and multimedia developed and maintained by San Francisco-based software company Cycling '74.

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Maxima (software)

Maxima is a computer algebra system (CAS) based on a 1982 version of Macsyma.

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Maya Embedded Language

The Maya Embedded Language (MEL) is a scripting language used to simplify tasks in Autodesk's 3D Graphics Software ''Maya''.

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MDL (programming language)

MDL (the MIT Design Language) is a descendant of the Lisp programming language.

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Mercury (programming language)

Mercury is a functional logic programming language made for real-world uses.

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Mesa (programming language)

Mesa is a programming language developed in the late 1970s at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in Palo Alto, California, United States.

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Metafont

Metafont is a description language used to define raster fonts.

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MetaQuotes Language MQL4/MQL5

MQL4 (MetaQuotes Language 4) and MQL5 (MetaQuotes Language 5) are integrated programming languages designed for developing trading robots, technical market indicators, scripts and function libraries within the MetaTrader software.

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MHEG-5

MHEG-5, or ISO/IEC 13522-5, is part of a set of international standards relating to the presentation of multimedia information, standardised by the Multimedia and Hypermedia Experts Group (MHEG).

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Microassembler

A microassembler is a computer program that helps prepare a microprogram, called firmware, to control the low level operation of a computer in much the same way an assembler helps prepare higher level code for a processor.

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Microsoft Dynamics AX

Microsoft Dynamics AX is one of Microsoft's enterprise resource planning software products.

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Microsoft Macro Assembler

The Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM) is an x86 assembler that uses the Intel syntax for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows.

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Microsoft Small Basic

Microsoft Small Basic is a programming language and associated IDE.

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MIIS (programming language)

MIIS (Meditech Interpretive Information System) is a MUMPS-like programming language that was created by A.Neil Pappalardo and Curt W. Marble, on a DEC PDP at Mass General Hospital from 1964 to 1968.

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Milk (programming language)

Milk is a programming language "that lets application developers manage memory more efficiently in programs that deal with scattered data points in large data sets.".

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MIMIC

MIMIC, known in capitalized form only, is a former simulation computer language developed 1964 by H. E. Petersen, F. J. Sansom and L. M. Warshawsky of Systems Engineering Group within the Air Force Materiel Command at the Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio, United States.

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Mirah (programming language)

Mirah (formerly Duby) is a programming language based on Ruby language syntax, local type inference, hybrid static–dynamic type system, and a pluggable compiler toolchain.

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Miranda (programming language)

Miranda is a lazy, purely functional programming language designed by David Turner as a successor to his earlier programming languages SASL and KRC, using some concepts from ML and Hope.

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MIRC scripting language

The mIRC scripting language, often unofficially abbreviated to "mSL", is the scripting language embedded in mIRC, an IRC client for Windows.

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MIVA Script

Miva Script is a proprietary computer scripting language mainly used for internet applications such as e-commerce.

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ML (programming language)

ML (Meta Language) is a general-purpose functional programming language.

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Model 204

Model 204 is a database management system for IBM and compatible mainframe computers, “born” 1965 October 13, and first deployed in 1972.

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Modelica

Modelica is an object-oriented, declarative, multi-domain modeling language for component-oriented modeling of complex systems, e.g., systems containing mechanical, electrical, electronic, hydraulic, thermal, control, electric power or process-oriented subcomponents.

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Modula

The Modula programming language is a descendant of the Pascal programming language.

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Modula-2

Modula-2 is a computer programming language designed and developed between 1977 and 1985 by Niklaus Wirth at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) as a revision of Pascal to serve as the sole programming language for the operating system and application software for the personal workstation Lilith.

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Modula-3

Modula-3 is a programming language conceived as a successor to an upgraded version of Modula-2 known as Modula-2+.

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Mohol programming languages

Mohol refers to Machine Oriented High Order Languages in Dijkstra's terminology.

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MOO (programming language)

The MOO programming language is a relatively simple programming language used to support the MOO Server.

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Mortran

Mortran (More Fortran) is an extension of the Fortran programming language used for scientific computation.

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Mouse (programming language)

The Mouse programming language is a small computer programming language developed by Dr.

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MPD (programming language)

Multithreaded, Parallel, and Distributed programming (MPD) is a concurrent programming language whose syntax is derived from the one used in the book Foundations of Multithreaded, Parallel, and Distributed Programming The name thus lists the distinguishing features of the language, namely that it supports all three of these concurrent programming techniques.

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MSX BASIC

MSX BASIC is a dialect of the BASIC programming language.

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Muñoz

Muñoz is a Spanish-language surname — with a Portuguese-language variant (Munhoz).

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MUMPS

MUMPS (Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System), or M, is a general-purpose computer programming language that provides ACID (Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, and Durable) transaction processing.

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MuPAD

MuPAD is a computer algebra system (CAS).

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Mystic BBS

Mystic BBS is a bulletin board system software program that began in 1995 and was first released to the public in December 1997 under the MS-DOS platform.

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Napier88

Napier88 is an orthogonally persistent programming language that was designed and implemented at the University of St Andrews, Scotland.

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Neko (programming language)

Neko is a high-level dynamically typed programming language developed by Nicolas Cannasse as part of research and development (R&D) efforts at two indie video game firms in Bordeaux, France: first at Motion Twin and then at Shiro Games.

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Nemerle

Nemerle is a general-purpose high-level statically typed programming language designed for platforms using the Common Language Infrastructure (.NET/Mono).

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NesC

nesC (pronounced "NES-see") is a component-based, event-driven programming language used to build applications for the TinyOS platform.

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NESL

NESL is a parallel programming language developed at Carnegie Mellon by the SCandAL project and released in 1993.

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Net.Data

Net.Data is a programming language by IBM used largely for database-backed web applications.

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NetLogo

NetLogo is an agent-based programming language and integrated modeling environment.

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NetRexx

NetRexx is an open source, originally IBM's, variant of the REXX programming language to run on the Java virtual machine.

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Netwide Assembler

The Netwide Assembler (NASM) is an assembler and disassembler for the Intel x86 architecture.

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NewLISP

newLISP is an open source scripting language in the Lisp family of programming languages developed by Lutz Mueller and released under the GNU General Public License.

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NEWP

NEWP (or the New Executive Programming Language) is a high-level programming language used on the Unisys MCP systems.

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Newspeak (programming language)

Newspeak is a programming language and platform in the tradition of Smalltalk and Self being developed by a team led by Gilad Bracha.

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NewtonScript

NewtonScript is a prototype-based programming language created to write programs for the Newton platform.

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Nial

Nial (from "Nested Interactive Array Language") is a high-level array programming language developed from about 1981 by Mike Jenkins of Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

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Nice (programming language)

Nice is an object-oriented programming language released under the GNU General Public License.

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Nickle (programming language)

Nickle is a numeric oriented programming language by Keith Packard and Bart Massey.

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Nim (programming language)

Nim (formerly named Nimrod) is an imperative, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language designed and developed by Andreas Rumpf.

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Nord Programming Language

Nord Programming Language, commonly abbreviated NPL, was a programming language by the Norwegian minicomputer manufacturer Norsk Data.

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Not eXactly C

Not eXactly C, or NXC, is a high-level programming language for the Lego Mindstorms NXT designed by John Hansen in 2006.

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Not Quite C

Not Quite C (NQC) is a programming language, application programming interface (API), and native bytecode compiler toolkit for the Lego Mindstorms, Cybermaster and LEGO Spybotics systems.

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Nu (programming language)

Nu is an interpreted object-oriented programming language, with a Lisp-like syntax, created by Tim Burks as an alternative scripting language to program OS X through its Cocoa application programming interface (API).

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Nullsoft Scriptable Install System

Nullsoft Scriptable Install System (NSIS) is a script-driven installer authoring tool for Microsoft Windows backed by Nullsoft, the creators of Winamp.

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Numeral prefix

Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers.

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NWScript

NWScript is the scripting language developed by BioWare for the role-playing video game Neverwinter Nights.

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O:XML

o:XML is an open source, dynamically typed, general-purpose object-oriented programming language based on XML-syntax.

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Oak (programming language)

Oak is a discontinued programming language created by James Gosling in 1991, initially for Sun Microsystems' set-top box project.

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Oberon (programming language)

Oberon is a general-purpose programming language created in 1986 by Niklaus Wirth and the latest member of the Wirthian family of ALGOL-like languages (Euler, Algol-W, Pascal, Modula, and Modula-2).

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OBJ2

OBJ2 is a programming language with Clear-like parametrised modules and a functional system based on equations.

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Object Lisp

Object Lisp was a computer programming language, a dialect of the Lisp language.

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Object Pascal

Object Pascal refers to a branch of object-oriented derivatives of Pascal, mostly known as the primary programming language of Delphi.

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Object REXX

The Object REXX programming language is an object-oriented scripting language initially produced by IBM for OS/2.

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Objective-C

Objective-C is a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language.

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Objective-J

Objective-J is a programming language developed as part of the Cappuccino web development framework.

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ObjectLOGO

ObjectLOGO is a variant of the programming language Logo with object-oriented programming extensions and lexical scoping.

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Obliq

Obliq is an interpreted, object-oriented programming language designed to make distributed, and locally multi-threaded, computation simple and easy for the programmer, while providing program safety and implicit type system.

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OCaml

OCaml, originally named Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the programming language Caml, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy, Ascánder Suárez and others in 1996.

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Occam (programming language)

occam is a programming language which is concurrent and builds on the communicating sequential processes (CSP) process algebra, Inmos document 72 occ 45 03 and shares many of its features.

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Occam-π

In computer science, occam-π (or occam-pi) is the name of a variant of the programming language occam developed by the Kent Retargetable occam Compiler (KRoC) team at the University of Kent.

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OmniMark

OmniMark is a fourth-generation programming language used mostly in the publishing industry.

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Onyx (programming language)

Onyx is a stack-oriented programming language.Used for computers.

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Opa (programming language)

Opa is an open-source programming language for developing scalable web applications.

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Opal (programming language)

OPAL (OPtimized Applicative Language) is a functional programming language first developed at the Technical University of Berlin.

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Open Programming Language

Open Programming Language (OPL) is an embedded programming language for portable devices that run the Symbian Operating System.

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OpenCL

OpenCL (Open Computing Language) is a framework for writing programs that execute across heterogeneous platforms consisting of central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and other processors or hardware accelerators.

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OpenEdge Advanced Business Language

OpenEdge Advanced Business Language, or OpenEdge ABL for short, is a business application development language created and maintained by Progress Software Corporation (PSC).

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OpenGL Shading Language

OpenGL Shading Language (abbreviated: GLSL), is a high-level shading language with a syntax based on the C programming language.

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OpenVera

OpenVera is a hardware verification language developed and managed by Synopsys.

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OPS5

OPS5 is a rule-based or production system computer language, notable as the first such language to be used in a successful expert system, the R1/XCON system used to configure VAX computers.

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OptimJ

OptimJ is an extension of the Java with language support for writing optimization models and abstractions for bulk data processing.

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Orc (programming language)

Orc is a concurrent, nondeterministic computer programming language created by Jayadev Misra at the University of Texas at Austin.

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ORCA/Modula-2

ORCA/Modula-2 is a Modula-2 compiler written in the Modula-2 programming language for the Apple IIGS computer.

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Oriel (scripting language)

Oriel is a scripting language released with the Power Tools series of instructional books written by the LeBlond Group.

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Orwell (programming language)

Orwell is a small, lazy-evaluation functional programming language implemented principally by Martin Raskovsky and first released in 1984 by Philip Wadler during his time as a Research Fellow in the Programming Research Group, part of the Oxford University Computing Laboratory.

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Oxygene (programming language)

Oxygene (formerly known as Chrome) is a programming language developed by RemObjects Software for Microsoft's Common Language Infrastructure, the Java Platform and Cocoa.

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Oz (programming language)

Oz is a multiparadigm programming language, developed in the Programming Systems Lab at Université catholique de Louvain, for programming language education.

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P (programming language)

P is a programming language that was developed by Microsoft.

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P Sharp

P# is a Prolog interpreter written for the Common Language Infrastructure.

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Parallax Propeller

The Parallax P8X32A Propeller is a multi-core processor parallel computer architecture microcontroller chip with eight 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) central processing unit (CPU) cores.

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ParaSail (programming language)

Parallel Specification and Implementation Language (ParaSail) is an object-oriented parallel programming language.

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PARI/GP

PARI/GP is a computer algebra system with the main aim of facilitating number theory computations.

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Pascal (programming language)

Pascal is an imperative and procedural programming language, which Niklaus Wirth designed in 1968–69 and published in 1970, as a small, efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. It is named in honor of the French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal. Pascal was developed on the pattern of the ALGOL 60 language. Wirth had already developed several improvements to this language as part of the ALGOL X proposals, but these were not accepted and Pascal was developed separately and released in 1970. A derivative known as Object Pascal designed for object-oriented programming was developed in 1985; this was used by Apple Computer and Borland in the late 1980s and later developed into Delphi on the Microsoft Windows platform. Extensions to the Pascal concepts led to the Pascal-like languages Modula-2 and Oberon.

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P′′

P′′ is a primitive computer programming language created by Corrado BöhmBöhm, C.: "On a family of Turing machines and the related programming language", ICC Bull.

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PCASTL

The PCASTL (an acronym for by Parent and Childset Accessible Syntax Tree Language) is an interpreted high-level programming language.

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PEARL (programming language)

PEARL, or Process and experiment automation realtime language, is a computer programming language designed for multitasking and real-time programming.

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PeopleCode

PeopleCode is a proprietary object-oriented programming language used to express business logic for PeopleSoft applications.

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Perl

Perl is a family of two high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming languages, Perl 5 and Perl 6.

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Perl 6

Perl 6 is a member of the Perl family of programming languages.

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Perl Data Language

Perl Data Language (abbreviated PDL) is a set of free software array programming extensions to the Perl programming language.

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Pharo

Pharo is an open source dynamic and reflective language inspired from the programming language and environment Smalltalk.

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PHP

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (or simply PHP) is a server-side scripting language designed for Web development, but also used as a general-purpose programming language.

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Pico (programming language)

Pico is a programming language developed at the Software Languages Lab at Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

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PicoLisp

PicoLisp is an open source Lisp dialect.

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Pict (programming language)

Pict is a statically typed programming language, one of the very few based on the π-calculus.

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Pike (programming language)

Pike is an interpreted, general-purpose, high-level, cross-platform, dynamic programming language, with a syntax similar to that of C. Unlike many other dynamic languages, Pike is both statically and dynamically typed, and requires explicit type definitions.

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PIKT

PIKT is cross-categorical, multi-purpose software for global-view, site-at-a-time system and network administration.

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PILOT

Programmed Instruction, Learning, or Teaching (PILOT) is a simple programming language developed in the 1960s.

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Pizza (programming language)

Pizza is an open-source superset of Java 1.4, prior to the introduction of generics for the Java programming language.

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PL-11

PL-11 is a high-level machine-oriented programming language for the PDP-11, developed by R.D. Russell of CERN in 1971.

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PL/0

PL/0 is a programming language, intended as an educational programming language, that is similar to but much simpler than Pascal, a general-purpose programming language.

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PL/C

PL/C is a computer programming language developed at Cornell University with the specific goal of being used for teaching programming.

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PL/I

PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language designed for scientific, engineering, business and system programming uses.

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PL/M

The PL/M programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers) is a high-level language conceived and developed by Gary Kildall in 1973 for Hank Smith at Intel for its microprocessors.

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PL/P

The PL/P programming language (an acronym of Programming Language for Prime (computers)) is a mid-level programming language developed by Prime Computer to serve as their second primary system programming language after Fortran IV.

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PL/SQL

PL/SQL (Procedural Language/Structured Query Language) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL and the Oracle relational database.

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PL360

PL360 (or PL/360) is a programming language designed by Niklaus Wirth and written by Niklaus Wirth, Joseph W. Wells, Jr., and Edwin Satterthwaite, Jr.

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PLANC

PLANC (pronounced as "plank") is a high level computer programming language.

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Plankalkül

Plankalkül ("Plan Calculus") is a programming language designed for engineering purposes by Konrad Zuse between 1942 and 1945.

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Planner (programming language)

Planner (often seen in publications as "PLANNER" although it is not an acronym) is a programming language designed by Carl Hewitt at MIT, and first published in 1969.

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PLEX (programming language)

PLEX (Programming Language for EXchanges) is a special-purpose, concurrent, real-time programming language.

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PLEXIL

PLEXIL (Plan Execution Interchange Language) is an open source technology for automation, created and currently in development by NASA.

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Plus (programming language)

Plus is a "Pascal-like" system implementation language from the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada, based on the SUE, B. L. Clark and J. J. Horning of the Computer Systems Research Group and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Proceedings of the SIGPLAN symposium on Languages for system implementation, 1971, pages 79-88 system language developed at the University of Toronto, c. 1971.

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Polymorphic Programming Language

The Polymorphic Programming Language (PPL) was developed in 1969 at Harvard University by Thomas A. Standish.

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POP-11

POP-11 is a reflective, incrementally compiled programming language with many of the features of an interpreted language.

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POP-2

POP-2, often referred to as POP2 is a discontinued programming language developed around 1970 from the earlier language POP-1 (developed by Robin Popplestone in 1968, originally named COWSEL) by Robin Popplestone and Rod Burstall at the University of Edinburgh.

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Poplog

Poplog is a reflective, incrementally compiled software development environment for the programming languages POP-11, Common Lisp, Prolog, and Standard ML, originally created in the UK for teaching and research in artificial intelligence at the University of Sussex.

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PostScript

PostScript (PS) is a page description language in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing business.

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PowerBuilder

PowerBuilder is an integrated development environment owned by SAP since the acquisition of Sybase in 2010.

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PowerHouse (programming language)

PowerHouse is a trademarked name for a byte-compiled fourth-generation programming language (or 4GL) originally produced by Quasar Corporation (later renamed Cognos Incorporated) for the Hewlett-Packard HP3000 mini-computer.

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PowerShell

PowerShell is a task automation and configuration management framework from Microsoft, consisting of a command-line shell and associated scripting language.

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Pro*C

Pro*C (also known as Pro*C/C++) is an embedded SQL programming language used by Oracle Database database management systems.

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Processing (programming language)

Processing is an open-source computer programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching non-programmers the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.

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Processing.js

Processing.js is a JavaScript port of Processing, a programming language designed to write visualisations, images, and interactive content.

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Programming Computable Functions

In computer science, Programming Computable Functions, or PCF, is a typed functional language introduced by Gordon Plotkin in 1977, based on previous unpublished material by Dana Scott.

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Programming language

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

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Programming Language for Business

Programming Language for Business or PL/B is a business-oriented programming language originally called DATABUS and designed by Datapoint in 1972 as an alternative to COBOL because Datapoint's 8-bit computers could not fit COBOL into their limited memory, and because COBOL did not at the time have facilities to deal with Datapoint's built-in keyboard and screen.

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Prograph

Prograph is a visual, object-oriented, dataflow, multiparadigm programming language that uses iconic symbols to represent actions to be taken on data.

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PROIV

PROIV is a low code development platform, developed and sold by NorthgateArinso, part of the Northgate Information Solutions Group.

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Prolog

Prolog is a general-purpose logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics.

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PROMAL

PROMAL (PROgrammer's Microapplication Language) is a structured programming language from Systems Management Associates for MS-DOS, Commodore 64, and Apple II.

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Promela

PROMELA (Process or Protocol Meta Language) is a verification modeling language introduced by Gerard J. Holzmann.

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PROSE modeling language

PROSE was the mathematical 4GL virtual machine which established the holistic modeling paradigm known as Synthetic Calculus (AKA MetaCalculus).

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Protel

Protel stands for "Procedure Oriented Type Enforcing Language".

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ProvideX

ProvideX is a computer language and development environment derived from Business Basic (a business oriented derivative of BASIC) in the mid-1980s.

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Pure (programming language)

Pure, successor to the equational language Q, is a dynamically typed, functional programming language based on term rewriting.

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Pure Data

Pure Data (Pd) is a visual programming language developed by Miller Puckette in the 1990s for creating interactive computer music and multimedia works.

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PureBasic

PureBasic is a commercially distributed procedural computer programming language and integrated development environment based on BASIC and developed by Fantaisie Software for Windows 32/64-bit, Linux 32/64-bit, and macOS.

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Python (programming language)

Python is an interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming.

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Q (programming language from Kx Systems)

Q is a programming language for array processing, developed by Arthur Whitney.

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Q Sharp

Q# (pronounced as Q sharp) is a domain-specific programming language used for expressing quantum algorithms.

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Qalb (programming language)

قلب, transliterated Qalb, Qlb and Alb, is a functional programming language allowing a programmer to write programs completely in Arabic.

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QBasic

QBasic, a short form of Quick Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code, is an integrated development environment and interpreter for a variety of BASIC programming languages which are based on QuickBASIC.

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QtScript

QtScript is a scripting engine that has been part of the Qt cross-platform application framework since version 4.3.0.

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QuakeC

QuakeC is an interpreted language developed in 1996 by John Carmack of id Software to program parts of the video game Quake.

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Quantum programming

Quantum programming is the process of assembling sequences of instructions, called quantum programs, that are capable of running on a quantum computer.

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R (programming language)

R is a programming language and free software environment for statistical computing and graphics that is supported by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

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R++

R++ is a rule-based programming language based on C++.

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Racket (programming language)

Racket (formerly PLT Scheme) is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language in the Lisp-Scheme family.

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RAPID

RAPID is a high-level programming language used to control ABB industrial robots.

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Rapira

Rapira (Рапира, rapier) is an educational procedural programming language developed in the Soviet Union and implemented on Agat computer, PDP-11 clones (Electronika, DVK, BK series) and Intel-8080/Z80 clones (Korvet).

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Ratfiv

Ratfiv is an enhanced version of the Ratfor programming language, a preprocessor for Fortran designed to give it C-like capabilities.

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Ratfor

Ratfor (short for Rational Fortran) is a programming language implemented as a preprocessor for Fortran 66.

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Rational Synergy

Rational Synergy is a software tool that provides software configuration management (SCM) capabilities for all artifacts related to software development including source code, documents and images as well as the final built software executable and libraries.

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Rc

rc (for "run commands") is the command line interpreter for Version 10 Unix and Plan 9 from Bell Labs operating systems.

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Rebol

Rebol (historically REBOL) is a cross-platform data exchange language and a multi-paradigm dynamic programming language designed by Carl Sassenrath for network communications and distributed computing.

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Red (programming language)

Red is a computer programming language.

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Refal

Refal (" Recursive functions' algorithmic language") "is functional programming language oriented toward symbolic computations", including "string processing, language translation, artificial intelligence".

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Rexx

Rexx (Restructured Extended Executor) is an interpreted programming language developed at IBM by Mike Cowlishaw.

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Ring (programming language)

Ring is a dynamic and general-purpose programming language.

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Rlab

Rlab is an interactive, interpreted numerical computation program and its core programming language, written by Ian Searle.

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ROOP (programming language)

ROOP is a multiparadigm programming language targeted at AI applications created at the Chengdu University of China.

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RPL (programming language)

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RTL/2

RTL/2 was a high-level programming language developed at Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd by J.G.P. Barnes.

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Ruby (programming language)

Ruby is a dynamic, interpreted, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.

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RuneScape

RuneScape is a fantasy MMORPG developed and published by Jagex, which released in January 2001.

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Rust (programming language)

Rust is a systems programming language sponsored by Mozilla which describes it as a "safe, concurrent, practical language," supporting functional and imperative-procedural paradigms.

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S (programming language)

S is a statistical programming language developed primarily by John Chambers and (in earlier versions) Rick Becker and Allan Wilks of Bell Laboratories.

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S-Lang

The S-Lang programming library is a software library for Unix, Windows, VMS, OS/2, and Mac OS X. It provides routines for embedding an interpreter for the S-Lang scripting language, and components to facilitate the creation of text-based applications.

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S-PLUS

S-PLUS is a commercial implementation of the S programming language sold by TIBCO Software Inc..

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S/SL programming language

The Syntax/Semantic Language (S/SL) is an executable high level specification language for recursive descent parsers, semantic analyzers and code generators developed by James Cordy, Ric Holt and David Wortman at the University of Toronto in 1980.

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S2 (programming language)

S2 (Style System 2) is an object-oriented programming language developed in the late 1990s by Brad Fitzpatrick, Martin "Mart" Atkins, and others for the online journaling service LiveJournal in order to allow users full control over the appearance of their pages.

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S3 (programming language)

S3 is a structured, imperative high-level computer programming language.

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SA-C (programming language)

Single Assignment C (SA-C) (pronounced "sassy") is a member of the C programming language family designed to be directly and intuitively translatable into circuits, including FPGAs.

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SabreTalk

SabreTalk is a discontinued dialect of PL/I for the S/360 IBM mainframes running the TPF platform.

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SAIL (programming language)

SAIL, the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language, was developed by Dan Swinehart and Bob Sproull of the Stanford AI Lab in 1970.

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Salesforce.com

Salesforce.com, Inc. (styled in its logo as salesƒorce; abbreviated usually as SF or SFDC) is a US cloud computing company headquartered in San Francisco, California.

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SALSA (programming language)

The SALSA programming language (Simple Actor Language System and Architecture) is an actor-oriented programming language that uses concurrency primitives beyond asynchronous message passing, including token-passing, join, and first-class continuations.

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SAM76

SAM76 is a macro programming language used from the late 1970s to the present 2007 initially ran on CP/M.

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SAS (software)

SAS (previously "Statistical Analysis System") is a software suite developed by SAS Institute for advanced analytics, multivariate analyses, business intelligence, data management, and predictive analytics.

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SASL (programming language)

SASL (from St Andrews Static Language, alternatively St Andrews Standard Language) is a purely functional programming language developed by David Turner at the University of St Andrews in 1972, based on the applicative subset of ISWIM.

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Sather

Sather is an object-oriented programming language.

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Sawzall (programming language)

Sawzall is a procedural domain-specific programming language, used by Google to process large numbers of individual log records.

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Scala (programming language)

Scala is a general-purpose programming language providing support for functional programming and a strong static type system.

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Scheme (programming language)

Scheme is a programming language that supports multiple paradigms, including functional programming and imperative programming, and is one of the two main dialects of Lisp.

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Scilab

Scilab is a free and open-source, cross-platform numerical computational package and a high-level, numerically oriented programming language.

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Scratch (programming language)

Scratch is a visual programming language and online community targeted primarily at children.

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Script.NET

Script.NET or S# is a metaprogramming language that provides scripting functionality in Microsoft.NET applications, allowing runtime execution of custom functionality, similar to VBA in Microsoft Office applications.

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Second Life

Second Life is an online virtual world, developed and owned by the San Francisco-based firm Linden Lab and launched on June 23, 2003.

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Secure Operations Language

The Secure Operations Language (SOL) was developed jointly by the United States Naval Research Laboratory and Utah State University in the United States.

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Sed

sed (stream editor) is a Unix utility that parses and transforms text, using a simple, compact programming language.

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Seed7

Seed7 is an extensible general-purpose programming language designed by Thomas Mertes.

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Self (programming language)

Self is an object-oriented programming language based on the concept of prototypes.

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SenseTalk

SenseTalk is an English-like scripting language derived from the HyperTalk language used in HyperCard.

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Sepandar Kamvar

Sepandar David Kamvar (born 1977), also known as Sep Kamvar, is a computer scientist, artist, and entrepreneur.

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SequenceL

SequenceL is a general purpose functional programming language and auto-parallelizing (Parallel computing) compiler and tool set, whose primary design objectives are performance on multi-core processor hardware, ease of programming, platform portability/optimization, and code clarity and readability.

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SETL

SETL (SET Language) is a very high-level programming language based on the mathematical theory of sets.

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SIGNAL (programming language)

SIGNAL is a programming language based on synchronized data-flow (flows + synchronization): a process is a set of equations on elementary flows describing both data and control.

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SiMPLE

SiMPLE (a recursive acronym for SiMPLE Modular Programming Language & Environment) is a programming development system that was created to provide easy programming capabilities for everybody, especially non-professionals.

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SIMSCRIPT

SIMSCRIPT is a free-form, English-like general-purpose simulation language conceived by Harry Markowitz and Bernard Hausner at the RAND Corporation in 1963.

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Simula

Simula is the name of two simulation programming languages, Simula I and Simula 67, developed in the 1960s at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo, by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard.

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Simulink

Simulink, developed by MathWorks, is a graphical programming environment for modeling, simulating and analyzing multidomain dynamical systems.

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Singularity (operating system)

Singularity is an experimental operating system (OS) which was built by Microsoft Research between 2003 and 2010.

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SISAL

SISAL ("Streams and Iteration in a Single Assignment Language") is a general-purpose single assignment functional programming language with strict semantics, implicit parallelism, and efficient array handling.

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SLIP (programming language)

SLIP is a list processing computer programming language, invented by Joseph Weizenbaum in the 1960s.

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SMALL

SMALL, Small Machine Algol Like Language, is a programming language developed by Dr.

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Smalltalk

Smalltalk is an object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language.

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Snap! (programming language)

Snap! is a free, blocks- and browser-based educational graphical programming language that allows students to create interactive animations, games, stories, and more, while learning about mathematical and computational ideas.

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SNOBOL

SNOBOL (StriNg Oriented and symBOlic Language) is a series of computer programming languages developed between 1962 and 1967 at AT&T Bell Laboratories by David J. Farber, Ralph E. Griswold and Ivan P. Polonsky, culminating in SNOBOL4.

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Snowball (programming language)

Snowball is a small string processing programming language designed for creating stemming algorithms for use in information retrieval.

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Software release life cycle

A software release life cycle is the sum of the stages of development and maturity for a piece of computer software: ranging from its initial development to its eventual release, and including updated versions of the released version to help improve software or fix software bugs still present in the software.

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Solidity

Solidity is a contract-oriented programming language for writing smart contracts.

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SOPHAEROS

SOPHAEROS is a computer code, used by the AECL and French Nuclear program to simulate the transfer of fission products in the reactor chamber.

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SP/k

SP/k is a programming language developed circa 1974 by R.C. Holt, D.B. Wortman, D.T. Barnard and J.R. Cordy as a subset of the PL/I programming language designed for teaching programming.

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SPARK (programming language)

SPARK is a formally defined computer programming language based on the Ada programming language, intended for the development of high integrity software used in systems where predictable and highly reliable operation is essential.

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Speedcoding

Speedcoding or Speedcode was the first high-level programming language created for an IBM computer.

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SPITBOL

SPITBOL (Speedy Implementation of SNOBOL) is a compiled implementation of the SNOBOL4 programming language.

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SQL

SQL (S-Q-L, "sequel"; Structured Query Language) is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS).

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SQR

SQR (Hyperion SQR Production Reporting, Part of OBIEE) is a programming language designed for generating reports from database management systems.

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Squeak

The Squeak programming language is a dialect of Smalltalk.

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Squirrel (programming language)

Squirrel is a high level imperative, object-oriented programming language, designed to be a lightweight scripting language that fits in the size, memory bandwidth, and real-time requirements of applications like video games and hardware such as Electric Imp.

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SR (programming language)

SR (short for Synchronizing Resources) is a programming language designed for concurrent programming.

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Stackless Python

Stackless Python, or Stackless, is a Python programming language interpreter, so named because it avoids depending on the C call stack for its own stack.

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Standard ML

Standard ML (SML; "Standard Meta Language") is a general-purpose, modular, functional programming language with compile-time type checking and type inference.

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StarLogo

StarLogo is an agent-based simulation language developed by Mitchel Resnick, Eric Klopfer, and others at MIT Media Lab and MIT Scheller Teacher Education Program in Massachusetts.

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Stata

Stata is a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp.

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Stateflow

Stateflow (developed by MathWorks) is a control logic tool used to model reactive systems via state machines and flow charts within a Simulink model.

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Strand (programming language)

Strand is a high-level symbolic language for parallel computing, similar in syntax to Prolog.

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Strongtalk

Strongtalk is a Smalltalk environment with optional static typing support.

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Subtext (programming language)

Subtext is a moderately visual programming language and environment, for writing application software.

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Superbase (database)

Superbase is an end-user desktop database program that started on the Commodore 64 and was ported from that to various operating systems over the course of more than 20 years.

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SuperCollider

SuperCollider is an environment and programming language originally released in 1996 by James McCartney for real-time audio synthesis and algorithmic composition.

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SuperTalk

SuperTalk is the scripting language used in SuperCard.

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Swift (parallel scripting language)

Swift is an implicitly parallel programming language that allows writing scripts that distribute program execution across distributed computing resources, including clusters, clouds, grids, and supercomputers.

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Swift (programming language)

Swift is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Apple Inc. for iOS, macOS, watchOS, tvOS, and Linux.

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SYMPL

SYMPL is an obsolete programming language developed by the Control Data Corporation (CDC) for use on the CDC 6000 series computer systems in the 1970s and 1980s.

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SystemVerilog

In the semiconductor and electronic design industry, SystemVerilog is a combined hardware description language and hardware verification language based on extensions to Verilog.

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T (programming language)

The T programming language is a dialect of the Scheme programming language developed in the early 1980s by Jonathan A. Rees, Kent M. Pitman, and Norman I. Adams of Yale University as an experiment in language design and implementation.

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TACL

TACL (the Tandem Advanced Command Language) is the scripting programming language used in Tandem Computers.

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TACPOL (programming language)

TACPOL (Tactical Procedure Oriented Language) is a block structured programming language developed by the United States Army for the TACFIRE Tactical Fire Direction command and control application.

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TADS

Text Adventure Development System (TADS) is a prototype-based domain-specific programming language and set of standard libraries for creating interactive fiction (IF) games.

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Tcl

Tcl (pronounced "tickle" or tee cee ell) is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language.

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Tea (programming language)

## i will try and save this article.

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TECO (text editor)

TECO (Tee'koh /), Text Editor & COrrector"A powerful and sophisticated text editor, TECO (Text Editor and Corrector)...

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TELCOMP

TELCOMP was a programming language developed at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) in about 1964 and in use until at least 1974.

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Tensilica Instruction Extension

Tensilica Instruction Extension refers to the proprietary language that is used to customize Tensilica's Xtensa processor core architecture.

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TeX

TeX (see below), stylized within the system as TeX, is a typesetting system (or "formatting system") designed and mostly written by Donald Knuth and released in 1978.

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Text Executive Programming Language

In 1979, Honeywell Information Systems announced a new programming language for their time-sharing service named TEX, an acronym for the Text Executive text processing system.

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ThinBasic

thinBasic is a BASIC-like computer programming language interpreter with a central core engine architecture surrounded by many specialized modules.

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TI-BASIC

TI-BASIC is the official name of a BASIC-like language built into Texas Instruments (TI)'s graphing calculators, including the TI-83 series, TI-84 Plus series, TI-89 series, TI-92 series (including Voyage 200), TI-73, and TI-Nspire.

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Timber (programming language)

Timber is a functional programming language descended from O'Haskell, targeted at embedded real-time systems.

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TMG (language)

TMG (TransMoGrifier) is a compiler-compiler created by and presented in 1968, and implemented by Douglas McIlroy.

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Toi (programming language)

Toi is an imperative, type-sensitive language that provides the basic functionality of a programming language.

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TOM (object-oriented programming language)

TOM was an object-oriented programming language developed in the 1990s that built on the lessons learned from Objective-C. The main purpose of TOM was to allow for "unplanned reuse" of code via a well-developed extension mechanism.

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Tom (pattern matching language)

Tom is a programming language particularly well-suited for programming various transformations on tree structures and XML based documents.

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TRAC (programming language)

TRAC (for Text Reckoning And Compiling) Language is a programming language developed between 1959-1964 by Calvin Mooers and implemented on a PDP-10 in 1964 by L. Peter Deutsch.

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Transact-SQL

Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft's and Sybase's proprietary extension to the SQL (Structured Query Language) used to interact with relational databases.

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Transaction Application Language

Transaction Application Language or TAL (originally "Tandem Application Language") is a block-structured, procedural language optimized for use on Tandem hardware.

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TRON project

TRON (acronym for The Real-time '''O'''perating system Nucleus) is an open architecture real-time operating system kernel design.

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TTCN

TTCN is a programming language used for testing of communication protocols and web services.

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TTM (programming language)

TTM is a string oriented, general purpose macro processing programming language developed in 1968 by Steven Caine and E. Kent Gordon at the California Institute of Technology.

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Turbo Pascal

Turbo Pascal is a software development system that includes a compiler and an integrated development environment (IDE) for the Pascal programming language running on CP/M, CP/M-86, and MS-DOS.

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Turing (programming language)

Turing is a Pascal-like programming language developed in 1982 by Ric Holt and James Cordy, then of University of Toronto, Canada.

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TUTOR (programming language)

TUTOR (also known as PLATO Author Language) is a programming language developed for use on the PLATO system at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign around 1965.

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TXL (programming language)

TXL is a special-purpose programming language originally designed by Charles Halpern-Hamu and James Cordy at the University of Toronto in 1985.

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Tynker

Tynker is an educational programming platform aimed at teaching children how to make games and programs.

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TypeScript

TypeScript is an open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft.

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Ubercode

Ubercode is a high level programming language designed by and released in 2005 for Microsoft Windows.

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UCSD Pascal

UCSD Pascal was a Pascal programming language system that ran on the UCSD p-System, a portable, highly machine-independent operating system.

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Umple

Umple is a language for both object-oriented programming and modelling with class diagrams and state diagrams.

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Unicon (programming language)

Unicon is a programming language designed by American computer scientist Clint Jeffery with collaborators including Shamim Mohamed, Jafar Al Gharaibeh, Robert Parlett and others.

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Uniface (programming language)

Uniface is a development and deployment platform for enterprise applications that can run in a large range of runtime environments, including mobile, mainframe, web, Service-oriented architecture (SOA), Windows, Java EE and.NET.

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UNITY (programming language)

UNITY is a programming language constructed by K. Mani Chandy and Jayadev Misra for their book Parallel Program Design: A Foundation.

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Unix shell

A Unix shell is a command-line interpreter or shell that provides a traditional Unix-like command line user interface.

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Unreal Engine

The Unreal Engine is a game engine developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter game Unreal.

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Vala (programming language)

Vala is an object-oriented programming language with a self-hosting compiler that generates C code and uses the GObject system.

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Verilog

Verilog, standardized as IEEE 1364, is a hardware description language (HDL) used to model electronic systems.

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VHDL

VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) is a hardware description language used in electronic design automation to describe digital and mixed-signal systems such as field-programmable gate arrays and integrated circuits.

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Visual Basic

Visual Basic is a third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its Component Object Model (COM) programming model first released in 1991 and declared legacy during 2008.

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Visual Basic .NET

Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) is a multi-paradigm, object-oriented programming language, implemented on the.NET Framework.

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Visual DialogScript

Visual DialogScript (VDS) is an interpreted programming language for Microsoft Windows.

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Visual FoxPro

Visual FoxPro is a discontinued data-centric, object-oriented, procedural, programming language produced by Microsoft.

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Visual J++

Visual J++ (pronounced "Jay Plus Plus") is Microsoft's discontinued implementation of Java.

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Visual Objects

Visual Objects is an object-oriented computer programming language that is used to create computer programs that operate primarily under Windows.

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Visual Prolog

Visual Prolog, also formerly known as PDC Prolog and Turbo Prolog, is a strongly typed object-oriented extension of Prolog.

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VSXu

VSXu (VSX Ultra) is an OpenGL-based (hardware-accelerated), modular programming environment with its main purpose to visualize music/audio data and create 3D effects in real-time.

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Vvvv

vvvv (.

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WATFIV

WATFIV, or WATerloo FORTRAN IV, developed at the University of Waterloo, Canada is an implementation of the Fortran computer programming language.

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WebDNA

WebDNA is a server-side scripting, interpreted language with an embedded database system, specifically designed for the World Wide Web.

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WebQL

WebQL Home Page http://www.ql2.com/products-services/ql2-webql/ WebQL has been on the market since 2001.

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Whiley (programming language)

Whiley is a general purpose multi-paradigm, compiled language developed by David Pearce.

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Winbatch

Winbatch is a Microsoft Windows scripting language originally developed by Wilson WindowWare and currently supported, maintained and enhanced by Island Lake Consulting LLC.

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Wolfram Language

The Wolfram Language is a general multi-paradigm programming language developed by Wolfram Research and is the programming language of the mathematical symbolic computation program Mathematica and the Wolfram Programming Cloud.

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Wolfram Mathematica

Wolfram Mathematica (usually termed Mathematica) is a modern technical computing system spanning most areas of technical computing — including neural networks, machine learning, image processing, geometry, data science, visualizations, and others.

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Wyvern (programming language)

Wyvern is a computer programming language created by Jonathan Aldrich and Alex Potanin for the development of web and mobile applications with security and assurance being number one priority.

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X10 (programming language)

X10 is a programming language being developed by IBM at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center as part of the Productive, Easy-to-use, Reliable Computing System (PERCS) project funded by DARPA's High Productivity Computing Systems (HPCS) program.

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XBL

XBL (XML Binding Language) is an XML-based markup language used to declare the behavior and look of XUL-widgets and XML elements.

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XC (programming language)

In computers, XC is a programming language for real-time embedded parallel processors, targeted at the XMOS XCore processor architecture.

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XCore Architecture

The XCore Architecture is a 32-bit RISC microprocessor architecture designed by XMOS.

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XHarbour

xHarbour is a free multi-platform extended Clipper compiler, offering multiple graphic terminals (GTs), including console drivers, GUIs, and hybrid console/GUIs.

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XL (programming language)

XL stands for eXtensible Language.

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Xojo

The Xojo programming environment is developed and commercially marketed by Xojo, Inc.

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XOTcl

XOTcl is an object-oriented extension for the Tool Command Language created by Gustaf Neumann and Uwe Zdun.

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XPath

XPath (XML Path Language) is a query language for selecting nodes from an XML document.

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XPL

XPL is a programming language based on PL/I, a portable one-pass compiler written in its own language, and a parser generator tool for easily implementing similar compilers for other languages.

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XPL0

XPL0 is a computer programming language that is essentially a cross between Pascal and C. It was created in 1976 by Peter J. R. Boyle who wanted a high-level language for his microcomputer and wanted something more sophisticated than BASIC, which was the dominant language for personal computers at the time.

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XQuery

XQuery (XML Query) is a query and functional programming language that queries and transforms collections of structured and unstructured data, usually in the form of XML, text and with vendor-specific extensions for other data formats (JSON, binary, etc.). The language is developed by the XML Query working group of the W3C.

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XSB

XSB is the name of a dialect of the Prolog programming language and its implementation developed at Stony Brook University in collaboration with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the New University of Lisbon, Uppsala University and software vendor XSB, Inc.

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XSharp

The XSharp compiler is a compiler intended to support multiple dialects in the xBase programming language family.

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XSLT

XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) is a language for transforming XML documents into other XML documents, or other formats such as HTML for web pages, plain text or XSL Formatting Objects, which may subsequently be converted to other formats, such as PDF, PostScript and PNG.

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Xtend

Xtend is a general-purpose high-level programming language for the Java Virtual Machine.

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Yabasic

Yabasic (Yet Another BASIC) is a free and open source BASIC interpreter for Windows and Unix platforms.

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Yahoo! Query Language

Yahoo! Query Language (YQL) is an SQL-like query language created by Yahoo! as part of their Developer Network.

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Yoix

In computer programming, Yoix is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language.

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Yorick (programming language)

Yorick is an interpreted programming language designed for numerics, graph plotting, and steering large scientific simulation codes.

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Z notation

The Z notation is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems.

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Z shell

The Z shell (Zsh) is a Unix shell that can be used as an interactive login shell and as a command interpreter for shell scripting.

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Z++

Z++ (pronounced zee plus plus) was an object-oriented extension to the Z specification language.

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Zebra (programming language)

Zebra Programming Language (ZPL and ZPL II) is a page description language from Zebra Technologies.

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Zeno (programming language)

Zeno (after pre-Socratic Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea) is an imperative procedural programming language designed to be easy to learn and user friendly.

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ZOPL

ZOPL is a programming language created by Geac Computer Corporation in the early 1970s for use on their mainframe computer systems used in libraries and banking institutions.

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ZPL (programming language)

ZPL (short for Z-level Programming Language) is an array programming language designed to replace C and C++ programming languages in engineering and scientific applications.

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Redirects here:

Alphabetical list of programming languages, Lists of computer languages.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming_languages

Unionpedia is a concept map or semantic network organized like an encyclopedia – dictionary. It gives a brief definition of each concept and its relationships.

This is a giant online mental map that serves as a basis for concept diagrams. It's free to use and each article or document can be downloaded. It's a tool, resource or reference for study, research, education, learning or teaching, that can be used by teachers, educators, pupils or students; for the academic world: for school, primary, secondary, high school, middle, technical degree, college, university, undergraduate, master's or doctoral degrees; for papers, reports, projects, ideas, documentation, surveys, summaries, or thesis. Here is the definition, explanation, description, or the meaning of each significant on which you need information, and a list of their associated concepts as a glossary. Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Swedish, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Catalan, Czech, Hebrew, Danish, Finnish, Indonesian, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish, Vietnamese, Korean, Thai, Greek, Bulgarian, Croatian, Slovak, Lithuanian, Filipino, Latvian, Estonian and Slovenian. More languages soon.

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