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93 relations: Acoustics, Afrikaans, Afrikaans phonology, Amsterdam, Andalusian Spanish, Arabic, Arabic alphabet, Arabic phonology, Australian English, Australian English phonology, Azerbaijani alphabet, Azerbaijani language, Bulgarian language, California English, Canadian English, Canadian Shift, Cardinal vowels, Chinese characters, Chinese language, Cockney, Daniel Jones (phonetician), Danish language, Danish orthography, Danish phonology, Dutch language, Dutch orthography, Dutch phonology, English language, English orthography, English phonology, French language, French orthography, French phonology, Galician language, Galician phonology, Geoff Lindsey, German language, German orthography, Groningen, Hamont dialect, Igbo language, Inland Northern American English, International Phonetic Alphabet, Johannesburg, John C. Wells, Language, Latin alphabet, Limburgish, Low German, Luxembourgish, ..., Luxembourgish phonology, Maastrichtian dialect, Midland American English, Murcian Spanish, Near-open front unrounded vowel, Norwegian dialects, Norwegian language, Norwegian orthography, Norwegian phonology, Open back unrounded vowel, Open central unrounded vowel, Phonetics, Pinyin, Polish language, Polish orthography, Polish phonology, Quebec French, Quebec French phonology, Received Pronunciation, Relative articulation, Shanghainese, South African English phonology, Spanish language, Spanish orthography, Spanish phonology, Speech, Standard Chinese, Standard Chinese phonology, Standard German phonology, Stavangersk, Swedish alphabet, Swedish language, Swedish phonology, Texan English, Tilquiapan Zapotec, Trondheimsk, Utrecht, Vastese, Vowel, Vowel diagram, West Frisian language, West Frisian phonology, Zapotec languages. Expand index (43 more) »
Acoustics
Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.
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Afrikaans
Afrikaans is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia and, to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe.
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Afrikaans phonology
Afrikaans has a similar phonology to other West Germanic languages, especially Dutch.
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.
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Andalusian Spanish
The Andalusian varieties of Spanish (Spanish: andaluz; Andalusian: andalú) are spoken in Andalusia, Ceuta, Melilla, and Gibraltar.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الأَبْجَدِيَّة العَرَبِيَّة, or الحُرُوف العَرَبِيَّة) or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing Arabic.
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Arabic phonology
While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, the contemporary spoken Arabic language is more properly described as a continuum of varieties.
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Australian English
Australian English (AuE, en-AU) is a major variety of the English language, used throughout Australia.
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Australian English phonology
Australian English (AuE) is a non-rhotic variety of English spoken by most native-born Australians.
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Azerbaijani alphabet
The Azerbaijani alphabet (Azərbaycan əlifbası) of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Azerbaijani language.
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Azerbaijani language
Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, who are concentrated mainly in Transcaucasia and Iranian Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan).
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Bulgarian language
No description.
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California English
California English (or Californian English) collectively refers to American English in California, particularly an emerging youthful variety, mostly associated with speakers of urban and coastal California.
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Canadian English
Canadian English (CanE, CE, en-CA) is the set of varieties of the English language native to Canada.
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Canadian Shift
The Canadian Shift is a chain shift of vowel sounds found primarily in Canadian English, but also possibly in some other dialects (for example, younger Pacific Northwest English).
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Cardinal vowels
Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages.
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Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logograms primarily used in the writing of Chinese and Japanese.
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Chinese language
Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
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Cockney
The term cockney has had several distinct geographical, social, and linguistic associations.
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Daniel Jones (phonetician)
Daniel Jones (12 September 1881 – 4 December 1967) was a London-born British phonetician who studied under Paul Passy, professor of phonetics at the École des Hautes Études at the Sorbonne (University of Paris).
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Danish language
Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany, where it has minority language status.
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Danish orthography
Danish orthography is the system used to write the Danish language.
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Danish phonology
The phonology of Danish is similar to that of the other Scandinavian languages such as Swedish and Norwegian, but it also has distinct features setting it apart from the phonologies of its most closely related languages.
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Dutch language
The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.
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Dutch orthography
Dutch orthography uses the Latin alphabet and has evolved to suit the needs of the Dutch language.
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Dutch phonology
Dutch phonology is similar to that of other West Germanic languages.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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English orthography
English orthography is the system of writing conventions used to represent spoken English in written form that allows readers to connect spelling to sound to meaning.
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English phonology
Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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French orthography
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.
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French phonology
French phonology is the sound system of French.
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Galician language
Galician (galego) is an Indo-European language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch.
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Galician phonology
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Galician language.
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Geoff Lindsey
Geoff Lindsey is a British writer and director who has written episodes for television series including the BBC soap opera EastEnders and The Bill.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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German orthography
German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic.
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Groningen
Groningen (Gronings: Grunnen) is the main municipality as well as the capital city of the eponymous province in the Netherlands.
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Hamont dialect
Hamont dialect or Hamont Limburgish is the city dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Belgian city of Hamont (a part of Hamont-Achel) alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible).
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Igbo language
Igbo (Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh), is the principal native language of the Igbo people, an ethnic group of southeastern Nigeria.
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Inland Northern American English
Inland Northern (American) English, also known in American linguistics as the Inland North or Great Lakes dialect, is an American English dialect spoken primarily by White Americans in a geographic band reaching from Central New York westward along the Erie Canal, through much of the U.S. Great Lakes region, to eastern Iowa.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.
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Johannesburg
Johannesburg (also known as Jozi, Joburg and Egoli) is the largest city in South Africa and is one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world.
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John C. Wells
John Christopher Wells (born 11 March 1939 in Bootle, Lancashire) is a British phonetician and Esperantist.
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Language
Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.
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Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet or the Roman alphabet is a writing system originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
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Limburgish
LimburgishLimburgish is pronounced, whereas Limburgan, Limburgian and Limburgic are, and.
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Low German
Low German or Low Saxon (Plattdütsch, Plattdüütsch, Plattdütsk, Plattduitsk, Nedersaksies; Plattdeutsch, Niederdeutsch; Nederduits) is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in northern Germany and the eastern part of the Netherlands.
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Luxembourgish
Luxembourgish, Luxemburgish or Letzeburgesch (Luxembourgish: Lëtzebuergesch) is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg.
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Luxembourgish phonology
This article aims to describe the phonology and phonetics of central Luxembourgish, which is regarded as the emerging standard.
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Maastrichtian dialect
Maastrichtian (Mestreechs) or Maastrichtian Limburgish (Mestreechs-Limburgs) is the dialect and variant of Limburgish spoken in the Dutch city of Maastricht alongside the Dutch language (with which it is not mutually intelligible).
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Midland American English
Midland American English is a regional dialect or super-dialect of American English, geographically lying between the traditionally-defined Northern and Southern United States.
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Murcian Spanish
Murcian (endonym: murciano) is a variant of Peninsular Spanish, spoken mainly in the autonomous community of Murcia and the adjacent comarcas of Vega Baja del Segura and Alto Vinalopó in the province of Alicante (Valencia), the corridor of Almansa in Albacete (Castile-La Mancha).
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Near-open front unrounded vowel
No description.
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Norwegian dialects
The Norwegian dialects are commonly divided into 4 main groups, 'Northern Norwegian' (nordnorsk), 'Central Norwegian' (trøndersk), 'Western Norwegian' (vestlandsk), and 'Eastern Norwegian' (østnorsk).
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Norwegian language
Norwegian (norsk) is a North Germanic language spoken mainly in Norway, where it is the official language.
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Norwegian orthography
Norwegian orthography is the method of writing the Norwegian language, of which there are two written standards: Bokmål and Nynorsk.
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Norwegian phonology
The sound system of Norwegian resembles that of Swedish.
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Open back unrounded vowel
The open back unrounded vowel, or low back unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages.
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Open central unrounded vowel
The open central unrounded vowel, or low central unrounded vowel, is a type of vowel sound, used in many spoken languages.
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Phonetics
Phonetics (pronounced) is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, or—in the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.
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Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin Romanization, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Polish orthography
Polish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language.
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Polish phonology
The phonological system of the Polish language is similar in many ways to those of other Slavic languages, although there are some characteristic features found in only a few other languages of the family, such as contrasting retroflex and palatal fricatives and affricates, and nasal vowels.
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Quebec French
Québec French (français québécois; also known as Québécois French or simply Québécois) is the predominant variety of the French language in Canada, in its formal and informal registers.
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Quebec French phonology
The phonology of Quebec French is more complex than that of French of France.
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Received Pronunciation
Received Pronunciation (RP) is an accent of Standard English in the United Kingdom and is defined in the Concise Oxford English Dictionary as "the standard accent of English as spoken in the south of England", although it can be heard from native speakers throughout England and Wales.
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Relative articulation
In phonetics and phonology, relative articulation is description of the manner and place of articulation of a speech sound relative to some reference point.
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Shanghainese
No description.
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South African English phonology
This article covers the phonological system of South African English (SAE).
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Spanish language
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.
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Spanish orthography
Spanish orthography is the orthography used in the Spanish language.
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Spanish phonology
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Spanish language.
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Speech
Speech is the vocalized form of communication used by humans and some animals, which is based upon the syntactic combination of items drawn from the lexicon.
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Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese, also known as Modern Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin, or simply Mandarin, is a standard variety of Chinese that is the sole official language of both China and Taiwan (de facto), and also one of the four official languages of Singapore.
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Standard Chinese phonology
This article summarizes the phonology (the sound system, or in more general terms, the pronunciation) of Standard Chinese (Standard Mandarin).
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Standard German phonology
The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language.
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Stavangersk
Stavangersk, Stavanger dialect or Stavanger Norwegian (Stavangersk, Stavanger-dialekt (Bokmål) or Stavangerdialekt (Nynorsk)) is a dialect of Norwegian used in Stavanger.
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Swedish alphabet
The Swedish alphabet is the writing system used for the Swedish language.
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Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 9.6 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language), and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish.
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Swedish phonology
Swedish has a large vowel inventory, with nine vowels distinguished in quality and to some degree quantity, making 17 vowel phonemes in most dialects.
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Texan English
Texan English is the array of American English spoken in Texas, primarily falling under the regional dialects of Southern and Midland U.S. English.
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Tilquiapan Zapotec
Tilquiapan Zapotec (Zapoteco de San Miguel Tilquiápam) is an Oto-Manguean language of the Zapotecan branch, spoken in southern Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Trondheimsk
Trondheimsk, Trondheim dialect or Trondheim Norwegian is a dialect of Norwegian used in Trondheim.
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Utrecht
Utrecht is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, capital and most populous city of the province of Utrecht.
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Vastese
Vastese (Vastese: Lu Uâʃtaréule or Lu indialett di lu Uašt, meaning "the dialect of Vasto") is a Romance language spoken in the town of Vasto.
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Vowel
A vowel is one of the two principal classes of speech sound, the other being a consonant.
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Vowel diagram
A vowel diagram or vowel chart is a schematic arrangement of the vowels.
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West Frisian language
West Frisian, or simply Frisian (Frysk; Fries) is a West Germanic language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland (Fryslân) in the north of the Netherlands, mostly by those of Frisian ancestry.
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West Frisian phonology
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the West Frisian language.
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Zapotec languages
The Zapotec languages are a group of closely related indigenous Mesoamerican languages that constitute a main branch of the Oto-Manguean language family and which is spoken by the Zapotec people from the southwestern-central highlands of Mexico.
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Redirects here:
/a/, A (IPA), IPA a, Ipa a, Low front unrounded vowel, Open unrounded front vowel, Open-front unrounded vowel.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel
