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Luteinizing hormone

Index Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as luteinising hormone, lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 86 relations: Activin and inhibin, Amenorrhea, Amino acid, Androgen, Anterior pituitary, Artificial insemination, Birth control, Butinazocine, Castration, Central nervous system, Child, Chromosome 19, Chromosome 6, Cognitive skill, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Corpus luteum, Dihydrotestosterone, Eating disorder, Endometrium, Estradiol, Estrogen, Fertile eunuch syndrome, Fertilisation, Fertility testing, Follicle-stimulating hormone, GABA, Gene, Glycoprotein, Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide, Gonadal dysgenesis, Gonadotropic cell, Gonadotropin, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, Granulosa cell, Half-life, Hormone, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, Hyperprolactinaemia, Hypogonadism, Hypopituitarism, Hypothalamus, Implantation (embryology), In vitro fertilisation, International unit, Kallmann syndrome, Kisspeptin, Klinefelter syndrome, ... Expand index (36 more) »

  2. Anterior pituitary hormones
  3. Drugs developed by Merck
  4. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins
  5. Gynaecological endocrinology
  6. Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis
  7. Human hormones
  8. Sex hormones

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Luteinizing hormone and Activin and inhibin are Peptide hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Activin and inhibin

Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea or amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age.

See Luteinizing hormone and Amenorrhea

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups.

See Luteinizing hormone and Amino acid

Androgen

An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. Luteinizing hormone and androgen are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Androgen

Anterior pituitary

A major organ of the endocrine system, the anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) which, in humans, is located at the base of the brain, protruding off the bottom of the hypothalamus.

See Luteinizing hormone and Anterior pituitary

Artificial insemination

Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse.

See Luteinizing hormone and Artificial insemination

Birth control

Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent unintended pregnancy.

See Luteinizing hormone and Birth control

Butinazocine

Butinazocine (INN) is an opioid analgesic of the benzomorphan family which was never marketed.

See Luteinizing hormone and Butinazocine

Castration

Castration is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which a male loses use of the testicles: the male gonad.

See Luteinizing hormone and Castration

Central nervous system

The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.

See Luteinizing hormone and Central nervous system

Child

A child is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty.

See Luteinizing hormone and Child

Chromosome 19

Chromosome 19 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Luteinizing hormone and chromosome 19 are genes on human chromosome 19.

See Luteinizing hormone and Chromosome 19

Chromosome 6

Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. Luteinizing hormone and chromosome 6 are genes on human chromosome 6.

See Luteinizing hormone and Chromosome 6

Cognitive skill

Cognitive skills, also called cognitive functions, cognitive abilities or cognitive capacities, are skills of the mind, as opposed to other types of skills such as motor skills.

See Luteinizing hormone and Cognitive skill

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis.

See Luteinizing hormone and Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Corpus luteum

The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body";: corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, and moderate levels of estradiol, and inhibin A. It is the remains of the ovarian follicle that has released a mature ovum during a previous ovulation.

See Luteinizing hormone and Corpus luteum

Dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-DHT, androstanolone or stanolone) is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone primarily involved in the growth and repair of the prostate and the penis, as well as the production of sebum and body hair composition. Luteinizing hormone and Dihydrotestosterone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, human hormones and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Dihydrotestosterone

Eating disorder

An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating behaviors that adversely affect a person's physical or mental health.

See Luteinizing hormone and Eating disorder

Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.

See Luteinizing hormone and Endometrium

Estradiol

Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. Luteinizing hormone and Estradiol are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Estradiol

Estrogen

Estrogen (oestrogen; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. Luteinizing hormone and Estrogen are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, human hormones and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Estrogen

Fertile eunuch syndrome

The fertile eunuch syndrome or Pasqualini syndrome is a cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by a luteinizing hormone deficiency. Luteinizing hormone and fertile eunuch syndrome are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Fertile eunuch syndrome

Fertilisation

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a zygote and initiate its development into a new individual organism or offspring.

See Luteinizing hormone and Fertilisation

Fertility testing

Fertility testing is the process by which fertility is assessed, both generally and also to find the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle.

See Luteinizing hormone and Fertility testing

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. Luteinizing hormone and Follicle-stimulating hormone are anterior pituitary hormones, genes on human chromosome 6, glycoproteins, Gynaecological endocrinology, hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, human hormones, Peptide hormones, Recombinant proteins and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Follicle-stimulating hormone

GABA

GABA (gamma Aminobutyric acid, γ-Aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system.

See Luteinizing hormone and GABA

Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

See Luteinizing hormone and Gene

Glycoprotein

Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide (sugar) chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. Luteinizing hormone and Glycoprotein are glycoproteins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Glycoprotein

Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide

Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGA gene. Luteinizing hormone and Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide are genes on human chromosome 6.

See Luteinizing hormone and Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide

Gonadal dysgenesis

Gonadal dysgenesis is classified as any congenital developmental disorder of the reproductive system characterized by a progressive loss of primordial germ cells on the developing gonads of an embryo.

See Luteinizing hormone and Gonadal dysgenesis

Gonadotropic cell

Gonadotropic cells (called also gonadotropes, gonadotrophs, delta cells or delta basophils) are endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary that produce the gonadotropins, such as the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

See Luteinizing hormone and Gonadotropic cell

Gonadotropin

Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates. Luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins, hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, Peptide hormones and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Gonadotropin

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. Luteinizing hormone and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins, Gynaecological endocrinology, hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, Peptide hormones and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist

A gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. Luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists (GnRH antagonists) are a class of medications that antagonize the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH receptor) and thus the action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist

Granulosa cell

A granulosa cell or follicular cell is a somatic cell of the sex cord that is closely associated with the developing female gamete (called an oocyte or egg) in the ovary of mammals.

See Luteinizing hormone and Granulosa cell

Half-life

Half-life (symbol) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.

See Luteinizing hormone and Half-life

Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.

See Luteinizing hormone and Hormone

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy produced by trophoblast cells that are surrounding a growing embryo (syncytiotrophoblast initially), which eventually forms the placenta after implantation. Luteinizing hormone and Human chorionic gonadotropin are Drugs developed by Merck, genes on human chromosome 19, genes on human chromosome 6, glycoproteins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins, Gynaecological endocrinology, hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, Peptide hormones and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Human chorionic gonadotropin

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. Luteinizing hormone and Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins and Gynaecological endocrinology.

See Luteinizing hormone and Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

Hyperprolactinaemia

Hyperprolactinemia is characterized by abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood. Luteinizing hormone and Hyperprolactinaemia are Gynaecological endocrinology.

See Luteinizing hormone and Hyperprolactinaemia

Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testicles or the ovaries—that may result in diminished production of sex hormones. Luteinizing hormone and Hypogonadism are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Hypogonadism

Hypopituitarism

Hypopituitarism is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain.

See Luteinizing hormone and Hypopituitarism

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus (hypothalami) is a small part of the vertebrate brain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions.

See Luteinizing hormone and Hypothalamus

Implantation (embryology)

Implantation, also known as nidation, is the stage in the mammalian embryonic development in which the blastocyst hatches, attaches, adheres, and invades into the endometrium of the female's uterus.

See Luteinizing hormone and Implantation (embryology)

In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass").

See Luteinizing hormone and In vitro fertilisation

International unit

In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances.

See Luteinizing hormone and International unit

Kallmann syndrome

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder that prevents a person from starting or fully completing puberty.

See Luteinizing hormone and Kallmann syndrome

Kisspeptin

Kisspeptins (including kisspeptin-54 (KP-54), formerly known as metastin) are proteins encoded by the KISS1 gene in humans.

See Luteinizing hormone and Kisspeptin

Klinefelter syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47,XXY, is a chromosome anomaly where a male has an extra X chromosome.

See Luteinizing hormone and Klinefelter syndrome

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See Luteinizing hormone and Latin

Leydig cell

Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of the testes and interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle and produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH).

See Luteinizing hormone and Leydig cell

Luteal phase

The menstrual cycle is on average 28 days in length.

See Luteinizing hormone and Luteal phase

Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide

Luteinizing hormone subunit beta also known as lutropin subunit beta or LHβ is a polypeptide that in association with an alpha subunit common to all gonadotropin hormones forms the reproductive signaling molecule luteinizing hormone. Luteinizing hormone and luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide are genes on human chromosome 19.

See Luteinizing hormone and Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide

Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor

The luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), also lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LCGR) or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), is a transmembrane receptor found predominantly in the ovary and testis, but also many extragonadal organs such as the uterus and breasts. Luteinizing hormone and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor

Menopause

Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time when menstrual periods permanently stop, marking the end of reproduction. Luteinizing hormone and Menopause are Gynaecological endocrinology.

See Luteinizing hormone and Menopause

Menotropin

Menotropin (also called human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG) is a hormonally active medication for the treatment of fertility disturbances. Luteinizing hormone and Menotropin are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Menotropin

Menstruation

Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.

See Luteinizing hormone and Menstruation

Monomer

A monomer (mono-, "one" + -mer, "part") is a molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization.

See Luteinizing hormone and Monomer

National Institute for Biological Standards and Control

The National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) is a government agency that works in the field of biological standardisation and is part of the United Kingdom's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).

See Luteinizing hormone and National Institute for Biological Standards and Control

Negative feedback

Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.

See Luteinizing hormone and Negative feedback

Oligosaccharide

An oligosaccharide is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to ten) of monosaccharides (simple sugars).

See Luteinizing hormone and Oligosaccharide

Ovarian follicle

An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries.

See Luteinizing hormone and Ovarian follicle

Ovulation

Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries.

See Luteinizing hormone and Ovulation

Phosphorylation

In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.

See Luteinizing hormone and Phosphorylation

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Luteinizing hormone and polycystic ovary syndrome are Gynaecological endocrinology.

See Luteinizing hormone and Polycystic ovary syndrome

Precocious puberty

In medicine, precocious puberty is puberty occurring at an unusually early age. Luteinizing hormone and precocious puberty are gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins.

See Luteinizing hormone and Precocious puberty

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).

See Luteinizing hormone and Pregnancy

Primary ovarian insufficiency

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), also called premature ovarian insufficiency, premature menopause, and premature ovarian failure, is the partial or total loss of reproductive and hormonal function of the ovaries before age 40 because of follicular (egg producing area) dysfunction or early loss of eggs.

See Luteinizing hormone and Primary ovarian insufficiency

Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Luteinizing hormone and Progesterone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, human hormones and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Progesterone

Protein dimer

In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.

See Luteinizing hormone and Protein dimer

Relative energy deficiency in sport

Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a syndrome in which disordered eating (or low energy availability), amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea (in women), and decreased bone mineral density (osteoporosis and osteopenia) are present.

See Luteinizing hormone and Relative energy deficiency in sport

Sex hormone

Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids, gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. Luteinizing hormone and sex hormone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Sex hormone

Sexual arousal

Sexual arousal (also known as sexual excitement) describes the physiological and psychological responses in preparation for sexual intercourse or when exposed to sexual stimuli.

See Luteinizing hormone and Sexual arousal

Sexual intercourse

Sexual intercourse (also coitus or copulation) is a sexual activity involving the insertion and thrusting of the male penis inside the female vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.

See Luteinizing hormone and Sexual intercourse

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicle.

See Luteinizing hormone and Spermatogenesis

Steroid

A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

See Luteinizing hormone and Steroid

Testicle

A testicle or testis (testes) is the male gonad in all bilaterians, including humans.

See Luteinizing hormone and Testicle

Testosterone

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. Luteinizing hormone and Testosterone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, human hormones and sex hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Testosterone

Theca of follicle

The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the ovarian follicles.

See Luteinizing hormone and Theca of follicle

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, or abbreviated TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body. Luteinizing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone are anterior pituitary hormones, genes on human chromosome 6, glycoproteins, human hormones and Peptide hormones.

See Luteinizing hormone and Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome (TS), also known as 45,X, or 45,X0, is a genetic disorder in which a person's cells have only one X chromosome or are partially missing an X chromosome (sex chromosome monosomy) leading to the complete or partial deletion of the pseudoautosomal regions (PAR1, PAR2) in the affected X chromosome.

See Luteinizing hormone and Turner syndrome

Urinary system

The human urinary system, also known as the urinary tract or renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra.

See Luteinizing hormone and Urinary system

XY gonadal dysgenesis

XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY.

See Luteinizing hormone and XY gonadal dysgenesis

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP), also known as 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP), or hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), is an endogenous progestogen steroid hormone related to progesterone. Luteinizing hormone and 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone are Gynaecological endocrinology.

See Luteinizing hormone and 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD, HSD17B), also 17-ketosteroid reductases (17-KSR), are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases which catalyze the reduction of 17-ketosteroids and the dehydrogenation of 17β-hydroxysteroids in steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism.

See Luteinizing hormone and 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

See also

Anterior pituitary hormones

Drugs developed by Merck

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins

Gynaecological endocrinology

Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis

Human hormones

Sex hormones

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone

Also known as ATC code G03GA07, ATCvet code QG03GA07, Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone, Interstitial-cell stimulating hormone, Isolated LH deficiency, Isolated luteinizing hormone deficiency, LH deficiency, LH surge, Leutenizing hormone, Leutinizing hormone, Lh kit, Lh test, Luteinising Hormone, Luteinizing, Luteinizing hormone deficiency, Lutenising Hormone, Lutenizing Hormone, Lutropin, Lutropin alfa, Luveris, Ovulation prediction kit, Ovulation predictor kit, Pee stick, Receptors, lh.

, Latin, Leydig cell, Luteal phase, Luteinizing hormone beta polypeptide, Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, Menopause, Menotropin, Menstruation, Monomer, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Negative feedback, Oligosaccharide, Ovarian follicle, Ovulation, Phosphorylation, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Precocious puberty, Pregnancy, Primary ovarian insufficiency, Progesterone, Protein dimer, Relative energy deficiency in sport, Sex hormone, Sexual arousal, Sexual intercourse, Spermatogenesis, Steroid, Testicle, Testosterone, Theca of follicle, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Turner syndrome, Urinary system, XY gonadal dysgenesis, 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.