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173 relations: Acetylcholine, Action potential, Adenylyl cyclase, Albatross, Amygdala, Anosmia, Antennal lobe, Anterior commissure, Anterior olfactory nucleus, Antibody, Aroma compound, Axon, Basset Hound, Bay Area Air Quality Management District, Bear, Binocular rivalry, Bird, Bloodhound, Body odor, Bombykol, Bombyx mori, Brain, Calcium, Calmodulin, Carnivore, Catarrhini, Cetacea, Chemesthesis, Chemoreceptor, Chemosensory protein, Chewing, Chloride channel, Chlorine, Coriander, Cranial nerves, Cribriform plate, Cuscuta, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Cyclic guanosine monophosphate, Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channel, Dendrite, Dysosmia, Eleanor Gamble, Electro-olfactography, Electroantennography, Electronic nose, Emotion, Emotion and memory, Entorhinal cortex, Enzyme, ..., Epithelium, Evolution of olfaction, Exhalation, Flavor, Flehmen response, G protein, Gene, Glomerulus (olfaction), Glycosaminoglycan, Granule cell, Haptic perception, Hearing, Hippocampus, Human leukocyte antigen, Hyperosmia, Hyposmia, Hypothalamus, Immune system, Inbreeding avoidance, Inbreeding depression, Inhalation, Insect, Insular cortex, Ion, Ion channel, Ionone, IT Corporation, Kin recognition, Kiwi, Lateral inhibition, Lateral olfactory stria, Ligand, Limbic system, Linda B. Buck, Long-term memory, Luca Turin, Lucretius, Machine olfaction, Major histocompatibility complex, Major urinary proteins, Mammal, Martinez, California, Medial dorsal nucleus, Memory, Micrometre, Mole (animal), Molecule, Mountain View, California, Mouth, Mucus, Myelin, Nasal administration, Nasal cavity, Nobel Prize, Norepinephrine, Nose, Nostril, Odor, Odorant-binding protein, Odotope theory, Olfactometer, Olfactory bulb, Olfactory bulb mitral cell, Olfactory ensheathing glia, Olfactory epithelium, Olfactory fatigue, Olfactory nerve, Olfactory receptor, Olfactory receptor neuron, Olfactory reference syndrome, Olfactory system, Olfactory tubercle, OR2J3, OR5A1, OR6A2, Orbitofrontal cortex, Parosmia, Periglomerular cell, Petrel, Phantosmia, Pheromone, Photoreceptor cell, Piriform cortex, Prefrontal cortex, Primate, Procellariiformes, Protein kinase A, Quantum tunnelling, Red-bellied lemur, Retronasal smell, Richard Axel, Rodent, San Mateo, California, Scent hound, Scent transfer unit, Second messenger system, Sense, Sensillum, Serotonin, Shape theory of olfaction, Shoreline Amphitheatre, Smound, Sodium, Sodium-calcium exchanger, Sound, Stimulus modality, Strepsirrhini, Stria terminalis, Superior nasal concha, Tannin, Taste, The Fragrance Foundation, Tongue, Trail pheromone, Trigeminal nerve, Ungulate, United States, Vertebrate, Vibration theory of olfaction, Volatile organic compound, Vomeronasal organ, Vulture, Westermarck effect. Expand index (123 more) »
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.
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Action potential
In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.
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Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylyl cyclase (also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylate cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with key regulatory roles in essentially all cells.
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Albatross
Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae, are large seabirds related to the procellariids, storm petrels and diving petrels in the order Procellariiformes (the tubenoses).
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Amygdala
The amygdala (plural: amygdalae; also corpus amygdaloideum; Latin from Greek, ἀμυγδαλή, amygdalē, 'Almond', 'tonsil') is one of two almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep and medially within the temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans.
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Anosmia
Anosmia is the inability to perceive odor or a lack of functioning olfaction—the loss of the sense of smell.
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Antennal lobe
The antennal lobe is the deutocerebral neuropil of insects which receives the input from the olfactory sensory neurons on the antenna.
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Anterior commissure
The anterior commissure (also known as the precommissure) is a white matter tract (a bundle of axons) connecting the two temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres across the midline, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix.
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Anterior olfactory nucleus
The anterior olfactory nucleus (AON; also called the anterior olfactory cortex) is a portion of the forebrain of vertebrates.
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Aroma compound
An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance, or flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor.
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Axon
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body.
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Basset Hound
The Basset Hound is a short-legged breed of dog of the hound family.
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Bay Area Air Quality Management District
The Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) is a public agency that regulates the stationary sources of air pollution in the nine counties of California's San Francisco Bay Area: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, southwestern Solano, and southern Sonoma.
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Bear
Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae.
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Binocular rivalry
Binocular rivalry is a phenomenon of visual perception in which perception alternates between different images presented to each eye.
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Bird
Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
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Bloodhound
The Bloodhound is a large scent hound, originally bred for hunting deer, wild boar and, since the Middle Ages, for tracking people.
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Body odor
Body odor (American English) or body odour (British English; see spelling differences) is present in animals and humans, and its intensity can be influenced by many factors (behavioral patterns, survival strategies).
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Bombykol
Bombykol is a pheromone released by the female silkworm moth to attract mates.
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Bombyx mori
The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar or imago of the domestic silkmoth, Bombyx mori (Latin: "silkworm of the mulberry tree").
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Calmodulin
Calmodulin (CaM) (an abbreviation for calcium-modulated protein) is a multifunctional intermediate calcium-binding messenger protein expressed in all eukaryotic cells.
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Carnivore
A carnivore, meaning "meat eater" (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning "meat" or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue, whether through predation or scavenging.
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Catarrhini
Catarrhini is one of the two subdivisions of the simians, the other being the plathyrrhine (New World monkeys).
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Cetacea
Cetacea are a widely distributed and diverse clade of aquatic mammals that today consists of the whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
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Chemesthesis
Chemesthesis is defined as the chemical sensibility of the skin and mucous membranes.
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Chemoreceptor
A chemoreceptor, also known as chemosensor, is a specialized sensory receptor cell which transduces (responds to) a chemical substance (endogenous or induced) and generates a biological signal.
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Chemosensory protein
Chemosensory proteins are a class of small (10-15 kDa), soluble proteins characterised for the first time by Angeli et al.
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Chewing
Chewing or mastication is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.
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Chloride channel
Chloride channels are a superfamily of poorly understood ion channels specific for chloride.
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Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
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Coriander
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), also known as cilantro or Chinese parsley, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae.
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Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord).
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Cribriform plate
In human anatomy, the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone (horizontal lamina or lamina cribrosa) is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities.
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Cuscuta
Cuscuta (dodder) is a genus of about 100–170 species of yellow, orange, or red (rarely green) parasitic plants.
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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes.
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Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
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Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channel
Cyclic nucleotide–gated ion channels or CNG channels are ion channels that function in response to the binding of cyclic nucleotides.
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Dendrite
Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project.
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Dysosmia
Dysosmia is a disorder described as any qualitative alteration or distortion of the perception of smell.
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Eleanor Gamble
Eleanor Acheson McCulloch Gamble (March 2, 1868 – August 30, 1933) was an influential American psychologist from the late 19th century through the early 20th century.
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Electro-olfactography
Electro-olfactography or electroolfactography (EOG) is a type of electrography (electrophysiologic test) that aids the study of olfaction (the sense of smell).
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Electroantennography
Electroantennography or EAG is a technique for measuring the average output of an insect antenna to its brain for a given odor.
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Electronic nose
An electronic nose is a device intended to detect odors or flavors.
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Emotion
Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.
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Emotion and memory
Emotion can have a powerful effect on humans and animals.
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Entorhinal cortex
The entorhinal cortex (EC) (ento.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Evolution of olfaction
Odor molecules are detected by the olfactory receptors (hereafter OR) in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity.
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Exhalation
Exhalation (or expiration) is the flow of the breath out of an organism.
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Flavor
Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell.
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Flehmen response
The flehmen response, also called the flehmen position, flehmen reaction, flehming, or flehmening, is a behavior in which an animal curls back its upper lip exposing its front teeth, inhales with the nostrils usually closed, and then often holds this position for several seconds.
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G protein
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Glomerulus (olfaction)
The glomerulus (plural glomeruli) is a spherical structure located in the olfactory bulb of the brain where synapses form between the terminals of the olfactory nerve and the dendrites of mitral, periglomerular and tufted cells.
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Glycosaminoglycan
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or mucopolysaccharides are long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit.
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Granule cell
The name granule cell has been used by anatomists for a number of different types of neuron whose only common feature is that they all have very small cell bodies.
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Haptic perception
Haptic perception (italics "palpable", haptikόs "suitable for touch") means literally the ability "to grasp something".
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Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear.
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Hippocampus
The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.
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Human leukocyte antigen
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system or complex is a gene complex encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in humans.
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Hyperosmia
Hyperosmia is an increased olfactory acuity (heightened sense of smell), usually caused by a lower threshold for odor.
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Hyposmia
Hyposmia is a reduced ability to smell and to detect odors.
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Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Inbreeding avoidance
Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding.
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Inbreeding depression
Inbreeding depression is the reduced biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding, or breeding of related individuals.
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Inhalation
Inhalation (also known as inspiration) happens when oxygen from the air enters the lungs.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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Insular cortex
In each hemisphere of the mammalian brain the insular cortex (also insula and insular lobe) is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus (the fissure separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes).
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
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Ionone
The ionones are a series of closely related chemical substances that are part of a group of compounds known as rose ketones, which also includes damascones and damascenones.
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IT Corporation
IT Corporation was a United States industrial company whose principal business was the disposal of industrial hazardous waste.
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Kin recognition
Kin recognition, also called kin detection, is an organism's ability to distinguish between close genetic kin and non-kin.
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Kiwi
Kiwi or kiwis are flightless birds native to New Zealand, in the genus Apteryx and family Apterygidae.
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Lateral inhibition
In neurobiology, lateral inhibition is the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors.
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Lateral olfactory stria
The lateral olfactory stria is directed across the lateral part of the anterior perforated substance and then bends abruptly medially toward the uncus of the parahippocampal gyrus.
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Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex.
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Limbic system
The limbic system is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately beneath the cerebrum.
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Linda B. Buck
Linda Brown Buck (born January 29, 1947) is an American biologist best known for her work on the olfactory system.
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Long-term memory
Long-term memory (LTM) is the stage of the Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model where informative knowledge is held indefinitely.
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Luca Turin
Luca Turin (born 20 November 1953) is a Lebanese American biophysicist and writer with a long-standing interest in the sense of smell, perfumery, and the fragrance industry.
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Lucretius
Titus Lucretius Carus (15 October 99 BC – c. 55 BC) was a Roman poet and philosopher.
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Machine olfaction
Machine olfaction is the automated simulation of the sense of smell.
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Major histocompatibility complex
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility.
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Major urinary proteins
Major urinary proteins (Mups), also known as α2u-globulins, are a subfamily of proteins found in abundance in the urine and other secretions of many animals.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Martinez, California
Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area.
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Medial dorsal nucleus
The medial dorsal nucleus (or dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus) is a large nucleus in the thalamus.
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Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
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Micrometre
The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".
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Mole (animal)
Moles are small mammals adapted to a subterranean lifestyle (i.e., fossorial).
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Mountain View, California
Mountain View is a city located in Santa Clara County, California, United States, named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains.
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Mouth
In animal anatomy, the mouth, also known as the oral cavity, buccal cavity, or in Latin cavum oris, is the opening through which many animals take in food and issue vocal sounds.
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Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
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Myelin
Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.
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Nasal administration
Nasal administration is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.
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Nasal cavity
The nasal cavity (nasal fossa, or nasal passage) is a large air filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.
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Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.
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Nose
A nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which receive and expel air for respiration alongside the mouth.
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Nostril
A nostril (or naris, plural nares) is one of the two channels of the nose, from the point where they bifurcate to the external opening.
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Odor
An odor, odour or fragrance is always caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds.
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Odorant-binding protein
Odorant-binding proteins are abundant small soluble proteins secreted in the nasal mucus of many animal species and in the sensillar lymph of chemosensory sensilla of insects.
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Odotope theory
Odotope theory, also known as weak shape theory, is a theory of how olfactory receptors bind to odor molecules.
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Olfactometer
An olfactometer is an instrument used to detect and measure odor dilution.
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Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell.
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Olfactory bulb mitral cell
Mitral cells are neurons that are part of the olfactory system.
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Olfactory ensheathing glia
Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG), also known as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) or olfactory ensheathing glial cells, are a type of macroglia (radial glia) found in the nervous system.
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Olfactory epithelium
The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell.
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Olfactory fatigue
Olfactory fatigue, also known as odor fatigue or olfactory adaptation, is the temporary, normal inability to distinguish a particular odor after a prolonged exposure to that airborne compound.
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Olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve is typically considered the first cranial nerve, or simply CN I, that contains sensory nerve fibers relating to smell.
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Olfactory receptor
Olfactory receptors (ORs), also known as odorant receptors, are expressed in the cell membranes of olfactory receptor neurons and are responsible for the detection of odorants (i.e., compounds that have an odor) which give rise to the sense of smell.
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Olfactory receptor neuron
An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a transduction cell within the olfactory system.
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Olfactory reference syndrome
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a psychiatric condition in which there is a persistent false belief and preoccupation with the idea of emitting abnormal body odors which the patient thinks that are foul and offensive to other individuals.
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Olfactory system
The olfactory system, or sense of smell, is the part of the sensory system used for smelling (olfaction).
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Olfactory tubercle
The olfactory tubercle (OT), also known as the tuberculum olfactorium, is a multi-sensory processing center that is contained within the olfactory cortex and ventral striatum and plays a role in reward cognition.
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OR2J3
Olfactory receptor 2J3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2J3 gene.
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OR5A1
Olfactory receptor 5A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5A1 gene.
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OR6A2
Olfactory receptor 6A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR6A2 gene.
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Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision-making.
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Parosmia
Parosmia (from the Greek παρά pará and ὀσμή osmḗ), also known as troposmia (Gk.) or cacosmia (Gk.), is an olfactory dysfunction that is characterized by the inability of the brain to properly identify an odor's "natural" smell.
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Periglomerular cell
Periglomerular cells mediate lateral inhibition in the olfactory system together with granule cells.
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Petrel
Petrels are tube-nosed seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes.
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Phantosmia
Phantosmia (phantom smell) -->, also called an olfactory hallucination, is smelling an odor that is not actually there.
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Pheromone
A pheromone (from Ancient Greek φέρω phero "to bear" and hormone, from Ancient Greek ὁρμή "impetus") is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.
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Photoreceptor cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.
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Piriform cortex
The piriform cortex, or pyriform cortex, is a region in the brain, part of the rhinencephalon situated in the cerebrum.
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Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the cerebral cortex which covers the front part of the frontal lobe.
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Primate
A primate is a mammal of the order Primates (Latin: "prime, first rank").
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Procellariiformes
Procellariiformes is an order of seabirds that comprises four families: the albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters, and 2 families of storm petrels.
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Protein kinase A
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKANot to be confused with pKa, the symbol for the acid dissociation constant.) is a family of enzymes whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
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Quantum tunnelling
Quantum tunnelling or tunneling (see spelling differences) is the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle tunnels through a barrier that it classically cannot surmount.
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Red-bellied lemur
The red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer) is a medium-sized strepsirrhine primate with a luxuriant chestnut brown coat.
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Retronasal smell
Retronasal smell, retronasal olfaction, or mouth smell, is the ability to perceive flavor dimensions of foods and drinks.
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Richard Axel
Richard Axel (born July 2, 1946) is a molecular biologist and University Professor in the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
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San Mateo, California
San Mateo (Spanish for "Saint Matthew") is a city on the San Francisco Peninsula in Northern California's Bay Area, approximately south of San Francisco, and northwest of San Jose.
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Scent hound
Franz Rudolf Frisching in the uniform of an officer of the Bernese Huntsmen Corps with his Berner Laufhund, painted by Jean Preudhomme in 1785 Scent hounds (or scenthounds) are a type of hound that primarily hunts by scent rather than sight.
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Scent transfer unit
A scent transfer unit is a vacuum device used to collect scent evidence from a crime scene or item of evidence.
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Second messenger system
Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.
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Sense
A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.
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Sensillum
A sensillum (pl.
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Shape theory of olfaction
The Shape theory of smell proposes that a molecule's smell character is due to its molecular shape, molecular size and functional groups.
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Shoreline Amphitheatre
Shoreline Amphitheatre is an outdoor amphitheater located in Mountain View, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area.
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Smound
Smound is a perception or sense experience created from the convergence of scents and sounds in the brain.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Sodium-calcium exchanger
The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX, or exchange protein) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells.
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Sound
In physics, sound is a vibration that typically propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
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Stimulus modality
Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what we perceive after a stimulus.
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Strepsirrhini
Strepsirrhini or Strepsirhini is a suborder of primates that includes the lemuriform primates, which consist of the lemurs of Madagascar, galagos, ("bushbabies") and pottos from Africa, and the lorises from India and southeast Asia.
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Stria terminalis
The stria terminalis (or terminal stria) is a structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus.
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Superior nasal concha
The back part of the medial surface of the labyrinth of ethmoid is subdivided by a narrow oblique fissure, the superior meatus of the nose, bounded above by a thin, curved plate, the superior nasal concha.
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Tannin
Tannins (or tannoids) are a class of astringent, polyphenolic biomolecules that bind to and precipitate proteins and various other organic compounds including amino acids and alkaloids.
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Taste
Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.
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The Fragrance Foundation
The Fragrance Foundation is the non-profit, educational arm of the international fragrance industry, founded in 1949.
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Tongue
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication, and is used in the act of swallowing.
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Trail pheromone
Trail pheromones are semiochemicals secreted from the body of an individual to impact the behavior of another individual receiving it.
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Trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V) is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing; it is the largest of the cranial nerves.
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Ungulate
Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Vertebrate
Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).
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Vibration theory of olfaction
The Vibration theory of smell proposes that a molecule's smell character is due to its vibrational frequency in the infrared range.
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Volatile organic compound
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are organic chemicals that have a high vapor pressure at ordinary room temperature.
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Vomeronasal organ
The vomeronasal organ (VNO), or the Jacobson's organ, is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ that is found in many animals.
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Vulture
A vulture is a scavenging bird of prey.
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Westermarck effect
The Westermarck effect, or reverse sexual imprinting, is a hypothetical psychological effect through which people who live in close domestic proximity during the first few years of their lives become desensitized to sexual attraction.
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Accessory olfactory system, Classification of smells, Macrosmatic, Odorless, Olefactory, Olfacception, Olfacoception, Olfactics, Olfactories, Olfactory, Olfactory groove, Olfactory perception, Olfactory sensation, Olfactory sense, Osmesis, Osphresis, Sense of smell, Smell receptors, Smelling.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfaction
