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Malignant transformation

Index Malignant transformation

Malignant transformation is the process by which cells acquire the properties of cancer. [1]

72 relations: AARP, Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Arsenic, ATM serine/threonine kinase, Base excision repair, Benign tumor, BRCA1, Breast, Breast cancer, Cadmium, Cancer, Cancer epigenetics, Carcinogen, Carcinogenesis, Chondrosarcoma, Chromosome, Colorectal cancer, DNA, DNA methylation, DNA methylation in cancer, DNA repair, Epstein–Barr virus, ERCC1, Exome, FANCB, Formaldehyde, Gene expression, Genetic hitchhiking, Genome instability, Genotoxicity, Head and neck cancer, Helicobacter pylori, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human papillomavirus infection, Human T-lymphotropic virus, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Lesion, LIG4, Medical history, Melanoma, Merkel cell polyomavirus, MicroRNA, MLH1, NEIL1, Nevus, Nickel, Non-coding DNA, ..., Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Non-small-cell lung carcinoma, Nucleotide excision repair, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, Osteosarcoma, Oxoguanine glycosylase, Pathology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Promoter (genetics), Prostate cancer, Regulation of transcription in cancer, Risk assessment, RNA-induced silencing complex, Somatic (biology), Stomach cancer, Three prime untranslated region, Thyroid cancer, Transcription (biology), Transformation (genetics), Werner syndrome helicase, World Health Organization, XRCC1. Expand index (22 more) »

AARP

AARP (formerly American Association of Retired Persons) is a United States-based interest group whose stated mission is "empowering people to choose how they live as they age." According to the organization, as of 2018, it had more than 38 million members.

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Acrolein

Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde.

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Acrylonitrile

Acrylonitrile is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHCN.

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Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.

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ATM serine/threonine kinase

ATM serine/threonine kinase, symbol ATM, is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks.

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Base excision repair

In biochemistry and genetics, base excision repair (BER) is a cellular mechanism that repairs damaged DNA throughout the cell cycle.

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Benign tumor

A benign tumor is a mass of cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to invade neighboring tissue or metastasize.

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BRCA1

BRCA1 and BRCA1 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.

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Breast

The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of the torso of primates.

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Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.

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Cadmium

Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Cancer epigenetics

Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence.

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Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

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Carcinogenesis

Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.

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Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is a cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage.

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

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DNA methylation in cancer

DNA methylation in cancer plays a variety of roles, helping to change the healthy regulation of gene expression to a disease pattern.

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DNA repair

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.

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Epstein–Barr virus

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is one of eight known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.

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ERCC1

DNA excision repair protein ERCC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC1 gene.

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Exome

The exome is the part of the genome composed of exons, the sequences which, when transcribed, remain within the mature RNA after introns are removed by RNA splicing and contribute to the final protein product encoded by that gene.

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FANCB

Fanconi anemia group B protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FANCB gene.

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Formaldehyde

No description.

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.

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Genetic hitchhiking

Genetic hitchhiking, also called genetic draft or the hitchhiking effect, is when an allele changes frequency not because it itself is under natural selection, but because it is near another gene that is undergoing a selective sweep and that is on the same DNA chain.

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Genome instability

Genome instability (also genetic instability or genomic instability) refers to a high frequency of mutations within the genome of a cellular lineage.

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Genotoxicity

In genetics, genotoxicity describes the property of chemical agents that damages the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.

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Head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that starts in the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands.

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Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium usually found in the stomach.

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Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver.

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.

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Human papillomavirus infection

Human papillomavirus infection is an infection by human papillomavirus (HPV).

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Human T-lymphotropic virus

The human T-lymphotropic virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, or human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) family of viruses are a group of human retroviruses that are known to cause a type of cancer called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a demyelinating disease called HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

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International Agency for Research on Cancer

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations.

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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the ninth known human herpesvirus; its formal name according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is HHV-8.

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Lesion

A lesion is any abnormal damage or change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by disease or trauma.

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LIG4

DNA ligase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LIG4 gene.

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Medical history

The medical history or case history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information, with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.

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Melanoma

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.

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Merkel cell polyomavirus

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) was first described in January 2008 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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MicroRNA

A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

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MLH1

MutL homolog 1, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 2 (E. coli) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MLH1 gene located on Chromosome 3.

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NEIL1

Endonuclease VIII-like 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NEIL1 gene.

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Nevus

Nevus (or nevi if multiple) is a nonspecific medical term for a visible, circumscribed, chronic lesion of the skin or mucosa.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Non-coding DNA

In genomics and related disciplines, noncoding DNA sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences.

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas.

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Non-small-cell lung carcinoma

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).

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Nucleotide excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism.

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O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase

O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (also known as AGT, MGMT or AGAT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene.

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Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma (OS) or osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) is a cancerous tumor in a bone.

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Oxoguanine glycosylase

8-Oxoguanine glycosylase also known as OGG1 is a DNA glycosylase enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the OGG1 gene.

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Pathology

Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering" and -logia (-λογία), "study of") is a significant field in modern medical diagnosis and medical research, concerned mainly with the causal study of disease, whether caused by pathogens or non-infectious physiological disorder.

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus.

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Promoter (genetics)

In genetics, a promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.

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Regulation of transcription in cancer

Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or activated.

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Risk assessment

Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative estimate of risk related to a well-defined situation and a recognized threat (also called hazard).

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RNA-induced silencing complex

The RNA-induced silencing complex, or RISC, is a multiprotein complex, specifically a ribonucleoprotein, which incorporates one strand of a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fragment, such as microRNA (miRNA), or double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA).

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Somatic (biology)

The term somatic is often used in biology to refer to the cells of the body in contrast to the germ line cells which usually give rise to the gametes (ovum or sperm).

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Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach.

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Three prime untranslated region

In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3'-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon.

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Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops from the tissues of the thyroid gland.

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Transcription (biology)

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

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Transformation (genetics)

In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).

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Werner syndrome helicase

"Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase" also known as DNA helicase, RecQ-like type 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the WRN gene.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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XRCC1

DNA repair protein XRCC1 also known as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the XRCC1 gene.

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Redirects here:

Cell transformation, Malignant Transformation.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_transformation

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