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Margarine

Index Margarine

Margarine is an imitation butter spread used for flavoring, baking, and cooking. [1]

141 relations: A Greek–English Lexicon, Alpha-Linolenic acid, Amlu, Animal, Annatto, Antonius Johannes Jurgens, Atheroma, Atherosclerosis, Atlanta, Binghamton, New York, Blood lipids, Butter, Butterfat, Calorie, Camelina sativa, Canada's Food Guide, Canola, Carbohydrate, Cardiovascular disease, Casein, Catalysis, Chemist, Coconut oil, Cologne, Colza oil, Cooking oil, Corn oil, Coronary artery disease, Cottonseed, Cottonseed oil, Counterfeit, Cully Cobb, Dominion of Newfoundland, Emulsion, Essential fatty acid, European Food Safety Authority, Fat, Fatty acid, Food and Drug Administration, Food coloring, Food fortification, Fractionation, France, Gamma-Tocopherol, Germany, Great Depression, Greek language, Health Canada, Helianthus, Hemp, ..., Hemp oil, Heptadecanoic acid, High-density lipoprotein, Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès, Hydrogen, Hydrogenation, I Can't Believe It's Not Butter!, Interesterified fat, International unit, James F. Boyce, JoAnn E. Manson, Johns Hopkins University Press, Kashrut, Lard, Lecithin, Linoleic acid, Linseed oil, List of spreads, Lobbying, Low-density lipoprotein, Margarine Reference, Melting point, Michel Eugène Chevreul, Military, Milk, Milk Marketing Board, Minnesota, Napoleon III, National Academy of Medicine, Netherlands, New Jersey, New York (state), Newfoundland Margarine Company, Nickel, Nutrient, Oil, Oily fish, Oleic acid, Olive, Olive oil, Omega-3 fatty acid, Ontario, Palladium, Palm oil, Palmitic acid, Pasteurization, Paul Sabatier (chemist), Phase (matter), Phytosterol, Polyunsaturated fat, Protein, Quebec, Rapeseed, Rationing, Rent-seeking, Safflower, Salt, Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease, Shortening, Sodium, Soybean, Soybean oil, Spread (food), Squeeze bottle, Stanol ester, Stearic acid, Sterol ester, Submarine, Sunflower oil, Supply and demand, Supreme Court of Canada, Tallow, Technology and Culture, Trans fat, Unilever, United Kingdom, Unsaturated fat, Van der Waals force, Veganism, Vegetable oil, Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Wheat germ oil, Whey, Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz, Wisconsin, Working class, World War I, World War II, 2008 Passover margarine shortage. Expand index (91 more) »

A Greek–English Lexicon

A Greek–English Lexicon, often referred to as Liddell & Scott, Liddell–Scott–Jones, or LSJ, is a standard lexicographical work of the Ancient Greek language.

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Alpha-Linolenic acid

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an n−3 fatty acid.

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Amlu

Amlu, also spelled as amlou and also referred to as amelo, is a recipe of Moroccan cuisine.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Annatto

Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana).

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Antonius Johannes Jurgens

Antonius Johannes Jurgens (8 February 1867 in Oss, Netherlands – 12 March 1945 in Torquay, UK) was the grandson of Antoon Jurgens and Joanna Lemmens.

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Atheroma

An atheroma is a reversible accumulation of degenerative material in the inner layer of an artery wall.

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.

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Binghamton, New York

Binghamton is a city in, and the county seat of, Broome County, New York, United States.

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Blood lipids

Blood lipids (or blood fats) are lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules.

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Butter

Butter is a dairy product containing up to 80% butterfat (in commercial products) which is solid when chilled and at room temperature in some regions and liquid when warmed.

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Butterfat

Butterfat or milkfat is the fatty portion of milk.

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Calorie

A calorie is a unit of energy.

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Camelina sativa

Camelina sativa is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae and is usually known in English as camelina, gold-of-pleasure, or false flax, also occasionally wild flax, linseed dodder, German sesame, and Siberian oilseed.

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Canada's Food Guide

Canada's Food Guide is a nutrition guide produced by Health Canada.

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Canola

Canola oil, or canola for short, is a vegetable oil derived from rapeseed that is low in erucic acid, as opposed to colza oil.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).

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Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.

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Casein

Casein ("kay-seen", from Latin caseus, "cheese") is a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, αS2, β, κ).

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Catalysis

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.

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Chemist

A chemist (from Greek chēm (ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry.

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Coconut oil

Coconut oil, or copra oil, is an edible oil extracted from the kernel or meat of mature coconuts harvested from the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera).

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Cologne

Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).

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Colza oil

Colza oil or colza is a non-drying oil obtained from the seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. napus. syn. Brassica napus var. oleifera Delile, Brassica campestris subsp. napus (L.) Hook.f. & T.Anderson.) Colza is extensively cultivated in France, Belgium, the United States, the Netherlands, Germany and Poland.

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Cooking oil

Cooking oil is plant, animal, or synthetic fat used in frying, baking, and other types of cooking.

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Corn oil

Corn oil (maize oil) is oil extracted from the germ of corn (maize).

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Coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

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Cottonseed

Cottonseed is the seed of the cotton plant.

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Cottonseed oil

Cottonseed oil is a cooking oil extracted from the seeds of cotton plants of various species, mainly Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium herbaceum, that are grown for cotton fiber, animal feed, and oil.

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Counterfeit

The counterfeit means to imitate something.

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Cully Cobb

Cully Alton Cobb, Sr. (February 25, 1884–May 7, 1975), was an agricultural pioneer, educator, printer, journalist, and philanthropist in the American South who with his second wife, Lois Dowdle Cobb (August 1, 1889–August 9, 1987), co-founded the Cobb Institute of Archaeology on the campus of Mississippi State University in Starkville, Mississippi.

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Dominion of Newfoundland

Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 to 1949.

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Emulsion

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable).

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Essential fatty acid

Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them.

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European Food Safety Authority

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.

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Fat

Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.

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Fatty acid

In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Food coloring

Food coloring, or color additive, is any dye, pigment or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or drink.

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Food fortification

Food fortification or enrichment is the process of adding micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food.

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Fractionation

Fractionation is a separation process in which a certain quantity of a mixture (gas, solid, liquid, enzymes, suspension, or isotope) is divided during a phase transition, into a number of smaller quantities (fractions) in which the composition varies according to a gradient.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Gamma-Tocopherol

γ-Tocopherol is one of the chemical compounds that is considered vitamin E. As a food additive, it has E number E308.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Health Canada

Health Canada (Santé Canada) is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for national public health.

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Helianthus

Helianthus or sunflower is a genus of plants comprising about 70 species Flora of North America.

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Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp (from Old English hænep), typically found in the northern hemisphere, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products.

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Hemp oil

Hemp oil or hempseed oil is obtained by pressing hemp seeds.

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Heptadecanoic acid

Heptadecanoic acid, or margaric acid, is a saturated fatty acid.

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High-density lipoprotein

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins.

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Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès

Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès (Draguignan 24 October 1817 – Paris 31 May 1880) was a French chemist and the inventor of margarine.

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Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

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Hydrogenation

Hydrogenation – to treat with hydrogen – is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum.

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I Can't Believe It's Not Butter!

I Can't Believe It's Not Butter! is a spread brand produced by Unilever.

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Interesterified fat

Interesterified fat is a type of oil where the fatty acids have been moved from one triglyceride molecule to another.

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International unit

In pharmacology, the international unit is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance; the mass or volume that constitutes one international unit varies based on which substance is being measured, and the variance is based on the biological activity or effect, for the purpose of easier comparison across substances.

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James F. Boyce

James F. Boyce (November 15, 1868 – June 2, 1935) was an American chemist who contributed to the manufacture of soaps and detergents.

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JoAnn E. Manson

JoAnn Elisabeth Manson (born 1953) is a physician, best known for her public leadership and advocacy in the field of women's health.

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Johns Hopkins University Press

The Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.

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Kashrut

Kashrut (also kashruth or kashrus) is a set of Jewish religious dietary laws.

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Lard

Lard is pig fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms.

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Lecithin

Lecithin (from the Greek lekithos, "egg yolk") is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, which are amphiphilic – they attract both water and fatty substances (and so are both hydrophilic and lipophilic), and are used for smoothing food textures, dissolving powders (emulsifying), homogenizing liquid mixtures, and repelling sticking materials.

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Linoleic acid

Linoleic acid (LA), a carboxylic acid, is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid, an 18-carbon chain with two double bonds in cis configuration.

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Linseed oil

Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil or flax oil, is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum).

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List of spreads

This is a list of spreads.

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Lobbying

Lobbying, persuasion, or interest representation is the act of attempting to influence the actions, policies, or decisions of officials in their daily life, most often legislators or members of regulatory agencies.

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Low-density lipoprotein

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water.

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Margarine Reference

Reference Re Validity of Section 5(a) of the Dairy Industry Act (1949), also known as the Margarine Reference or as Canadian Federation of Agriculture v Quebec (AG), is a leading ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada, upheld on appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, on determining if a law is within the authority of the Parliament of Canada's powers relating to criminal law.

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Melting point

The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.

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Michel Eugène Chevreul

Michel Eugène Chevreul (31 August 1786 – 9 April 1889) was a French chemist whose work with fatty acids led to early applications in the fields of art and science.

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Military

A military or armed force is a professional organization formally authorized by a sovereign state to use lethal or deadly force and weapons to support the interests of the state.

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Milk

Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.

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Milk Marketing Board

The Milk Marketing Board was a producer-run product marketing board, established by the Agricultural Marketing Act in 1933 to control milk production and distribution in the United Kingdom.

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Minnesota

Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.

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Napoleon III

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and as Napoleon III the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.

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National Academy of Medicine

The National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly called the Institute of Medicine (IoM), is an American nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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Newfoundland Margarine Company

The Newfoundland Margarine Company (until 1950, the Newfoundland Butter Company) was Canada's first oleomargarine manufacturing company, and a leading producer in the Dominion of Newfoundland and after 1949, the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.

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Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28.

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Nutrient

A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

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Oil

An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (does not mix with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (mixes with other oils, literally "fat loving").

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Oily fish

Oily fish have oil in their tissues and in the belly cavity around the gut.

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Oleic acid

Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils.

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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Olive oil

Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin.

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Omega-3 fatty acid

Omega−3 fatty acids, also called ω−3 fatty acids or n−3 fatty acids, are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

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Ontario

Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.

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Palladium

Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46.

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Palm oil

Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis, and to a lesser extent from the American oil palm Elaeis oleifera and the maripa palm Attalea maripa.

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Palmitic acid

Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.

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Pasteurization

Pasteurization or pasteurisation is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods (such as milk and fruit juice) are treated with mild heat (Today, pasteurization is used widely in the dairy industry and other food processing industries to achieve food preservation and food safety. This process was named after the French scientist Louis Pasteur, whose research in the 1880s demonstrated that thermal processing would inactivate unwanted microorganisms in wine. Spoilage enzymes are also inactivated during pasteurization. Most liquid products are heat treated in a continuous system where heat can be applied using plate heat exchanger and/or direct or indirect use of steam and hot water. Due to the mild heat there are minor changes to the nutritional quality of foods as well as the sensory characteristics. Pascalization or high pressure processing (HPP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) are non-thermal processes that are also used to pasteurize foods.

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Paul Sabatier (chemist)

Prof Paul Sabatier FRS(For) HFRSE (5 November 1854 – 14 August 1941) was a French chemist, born in Carcassonne.

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Phase (matter)

In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform.

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Phytosterol

Phytosterols, which encompass plant sterols and stanols, are phytosteroids, similar to cholesterol, which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.

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Polyunsaturated fat

Polyunsaturated fats are fats in which the constituent hydrocarbon chain possesses two or more carbon–carbon double bonds.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Rapeseed

Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as rape, oilseed rape, (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed.

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Rationing

Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, or an artificial restriction of demand.

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Rent-seeking

In public choice theory and in economics, rent-seeking involves seeking to increase one's share of existing wealth without creating new wealth.

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Safflower

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual plant.

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Salt

Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.

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Saturated fat and cardiovascular disease

Most medical, scientific, heart-health, governmental, and professional authorities agree that saturated fat is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including the World Health Organization, the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Medicine, the American Dietetic Association, the Dietitians of Canada, the British Dietetic Association, American Heart Association, the British Heart Foundation, the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, the World Heart Federation, the British National Health Service, the United States Food and Drug Administration, and the European Food Safety Authority.

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Shortening

Shortening is any fat that is a solid at room temperature and used to make crumbly pastry and other food products.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Soybean

The soybean (Glycine max), or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.

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Soybean oil

Soybean oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the soybean (Glycine max).

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Spread (food)

A spread is a food that is spread, generally with a knife, onto foods such as bread and crackers.

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Squeeze bottle

A squeeze bottle is a type of container such as a bottle for dispensing a fluid, that is powered by squeezing the container by exerting pressure with the user's hand.

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Stanol ester

Stanol ester is a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds known to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood when ingested, though to a much lesser degree than prescription drugs such as statins.

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Stearic acid

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid.

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Sterol ester

Sterol esters are a heterogeneous group of chemical compounds.

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Submarine

A submarine (or simply sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Sunflower oil

Sunflower oil is the non-volatile oil pressed from the seeds of sunflower (Helianthus annuus).

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Supply and demand

In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.

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Supreme Court of Canada

The Supreme Court of Canada (Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada, the final court of appeals in the Canadian justice system.

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Tallow

Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton fat, and is primarily made up of triglycerides.

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Technology and Culture

Technology and Culture is a quarterly academic journal founded in 1959.

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Trans fat

Trans fat, also called trans-unsaturated fatty acids or trans fatty acids, are a type of unsaturated fat that occur in small amounts in nature but became widely produced industrially from vegetable fats starting in the 1950s for use in margarine, snack food, and packaged baked goods and for frying fast food.

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Unilever

Unilever () is a British-Dutch transnational consumer goods company co-headquartered in London, United Kingdom and Rotterdam, Netherlands.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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Unsaturated fat

An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain.

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Van der Waals force

In molecular physics, the van der Waals forces, named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, are distance-dependent interactions between atoms or molecules.

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Veganism

Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.

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Vegetable oil

Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are fats extracted from seeds, or less often, from other parts of fruits.

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Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).

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Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.

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Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.

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Wheat germ oil

Wheat germ oil is extracted from the germ of the wheat kernel, which makes up only 2.5% by weight of the kernel Wheat germ oil is particularly high in octacosanol - a 28-carbon long-chain saturated primary alcohol found in a number of different vegetable waxes.

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Whey

Whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained.

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Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz

Wilhelm Heinrich Heintz (4 November 1817 – 1 December 1880) was a German structural chemist from Berlin.

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Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.

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Working class

The working class (also labouring class) are the people employed for wages, especially in manual-labour occupations and industrial work.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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2008 Passover margarine shortage

During the 2008 Passover season, kosher-for-Passover margarine in the United States was short in supply due to several issues, leading to a scramble among kosher consumers to obtain the staple since it features prominently in many Passover recipes.

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Redirects here:

Butterine, Margaraine, Margarin, Margerine, Margiarine, Oleo run, Oleomargarine, Soft margarine.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarine

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