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44 relations: Aerosol, Albedo, Carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide removal, Cirrus cloud thinning, Climate change adaptation, Climate change mitigation, Climate engineering, Cloud, Cloud condensation nuclei, Customary international law, Due diligence, Effects of global warming, Environmental impact assessment, Exclusive economic zone, Exhaust gas, Faraday wave, Global warming, Greenhouse gas, International law, International waters, IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, John Latham (physicist), Ken Caldeira, MIT Technology Review, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Piezoelectricity, Pollution, Pound sterling, Precipitation (chemistry), Rotor ship, Salt, Seawater, Ship tracks, Solar irradiance, Solar radiation management, Stephen Salter, Stratocumulus cloud, Stratospheric aerosol injection (climate engineering), Territorial waters, Twomey effect, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, United States dollar, West Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Aerosol
An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas.
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Albedo
Albedo (albedo, meaning "whiteness") is the measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation received by an astronomical body (e.g. a planet like Earth).
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carbon dioxide removal
Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) refers to a number of technologies, the objective of which is the large-scale removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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Cirrus cloud thinning
Cirrus cloud thinning is a proposed form of climate engineering.
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Climate change adaptation
Climate change adaptation is a response to global warming and climate change, that seeks to reduce the vulnerability of social and biological systems to relatively sudden change and thus offset the effects of global warming.
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Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change.
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Climate engineering
Climate engineering or climate intervention, commonly referred to as geoengineering, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climate system, usually with the aim of mitigating the adverse effects of global warming.
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Cloud
In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body.
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Cloud condensation nuclei
Cloud condensation nuclei or CCNs (also known as cloud seeds) are small particles typically 0.2 µm, or 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet on which water vapor condenses.
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Customary international law
Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom.
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Due diligence
Due diligence is an investigation of a business or person prior to signing a contract, or an act with a certain standard of care.
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Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases.
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Environmental impact assessment
Environmental assessment (EA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences (positive and negative) of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
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Exclusive economic zone
An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.
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Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, petrol, biodiesel blends, diesel fuel, fuel oil, or coal.
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Faraday wave
Faraday waves, also known as Faraday ripples, named after Michael Faraday, are nonlinear standing waves that appear on liquids enclosed by a vibrating receptacle.
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Global warming
Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.
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Greenhouse gas
A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.
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International law
International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.
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International waters
The terms international waters or trans-boundary waters apply where any of the following types of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater systems (aquifers), and wetlands.
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IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the fifth in a series of such reports.
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John Latham (physicist)
John Latham is a physicist and professor emeritus at the University of Manchester, best known for his work on geoengineering.
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Ken Caldeira
Kenneth Caldeira is an atmospheric scientist who works at the Carnegie Institution for Science's Department of Global Ecology.
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MIT Technology Review
MIT Technology Review is a magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (also known as "NASEM" or "the National Academies") is the collective scientific national academy of the United States.
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Piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity is the electric charge that accumulates in certain solid materials (such as crystals, certain ceramics, and biological matter such as bone, DNA and various proteins) in response to applied mechanical stress.
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Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.
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Pound sterling
The pound sterling (symbol: £; ISO code: GBP), commonly known as the pound and less commonly referred to as Sterling, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and Tristan da Cunha.
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Precipitation (chemistry)
Precipitation is the creation of a solid from a solution.
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Rotor ship
A rotor ship is a type of ship designed to use the Magnus effect for propulsion.
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Salt
Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.
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Seawater
Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean.
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Ship tracks
Ship tracks are clouds that form around the exhaust released by ships into the still ocean air.
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Solar irradiance
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
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Solar radiation management
Solar radiation management (SRM) projects are a type of climate engineering which seek to reflect sunlight and thus reduce global warming.
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Stephen Salter
Stephen Hugh Salter, (born 7 December 1938) is Emeritus Professor of Engineering Design at the University of Edinburgh and inventor of the eponymous Salter duck wave energy device.
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Stratocumulus cloud
A stratocumulus cloud belongs to a genus-type of clouds characterized by large dark, rounded masses, usually in groups, lines, or waves, the individual elements being larger than those in altocumulus, and the whole being at a lower altitude, usually below 2,400 meters (8,000 ft).
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Stratospheric aerosol injection (climate engineering)
The ability of stratospheric sulfate aerosols to create a global dimming effect has made them a possible candidate for use in solar radiation management climate engineering projects to limit the effect and impact of climate change due to rising levels of greenhouse gases.
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Territorial waters
Territorial waters or a territorial sea, as defined by the 2013 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state.
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Twomey effect
The Twomey effect describes how additional cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), possibly from anthropogenic pollution, may increase the amount of solar radiation reflected by clouds.
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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.
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West Antarctic Ice Sheet
The Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is the segment of the continental ice sheet that covers West (or Lesser) Antarctica, the portion of Antarctica on the side of the Transantarctic Mountains which lies in the Western Hemisphere.
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Albedo-enhancement of marine stratocumulus clouds, Cloud reflectivity enhancement, Cloud reflectivity modification, Cloud whitening, Highly Reflective Cloud, Marine Cloud Brightening.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_cloud_brightening
