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Martin Luther King Jr.

Index Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968. [1]

395 relations: A Call for Unity, A. D. King, A. Philip Randolph, Aaron Henry, Abraham Lincoln, Activism, Adin Ballou, Adlai Stevenson II, Adolf Hitler, Agape, Alabama State Capitol, Albany Movement, Albany, Georgia, Albert Lutuli, Albert Raby, Alberta Williams King, All-points bulletin, Allard K. Lowenstein, Allen Johnson (activist), Alveda King, America in the King Years, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, American Friends Service Committee, American Jewish Committee, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, Andrew Young, Anisfield-Wolf Book Award, Annie Bell Robinson Devine, AOL, Arizona, Assassination, Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., Atlanta, Aubre Maynard, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Divinity, Ballistics, Baltimore riot of 1968, Baptists, Barry Goldwater, Basic income, Bayard Rustin, Beacon Press, Bearing the Cross, Belmont Cragin, Chicago, Ben Branch, Benjamin Hooks, Bernice King, Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence, ..., Billy Graham, Birmingham, Alabama, Black Consciousness Movement, Black separatism, Bob Adelman, Boston Tea Party, Boston University, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, Browder v. Gayle, Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama), Bull Connor, C. T. Vivian, Calendar of saints, Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Calendar of saints (Lutheran), Charles Evers, Charles Kenzie Steele, Charles R. Johnson, Chester, Pennsylvania, Chicago, Chicago Freedom Movement, Chicago Tribune, Children's Crusade, Christian, Christian left, Christian pacifism, Christine King Farris, Church Committee, Church of God in Christ, Civil and political rights, Civil disobedience, Civil Disobedience (Thoreau), Civil Rights Act of 1964, Civil Rights Act of 1968, Civil rights movement, Clarence B. Jones, Claudette Colvin, Clayborne Carson, Cleveland Robinson, Clifford Durr, COINTELPRO, Colonel Stone Johnson, Colonization, Common law, Communism, Communist Party USA, Congress of Racial Equality, Congressional Gold Medal, Conscience for Change, Conspiracy Encyclopedia, Coretta Scott King, Cornel West, Counterculture of the 1960s, Crozer Theological Seminary, Curtis W. Harris, Dalit, Dark Ages (historiography), David Garrow, Deacons for Defense and Justice, Democracy Now!, Democratic socialism, Desegregation, Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Dexter Scott King, Discovery Channel, Disease, Dispositio, Doctor of Philosophy, Dublin, Georgia, Dwight D. Eisenhower, E. D. Nixon, Edgar S. Brightman, Edmund Pettus Bridge, Emotional affair, Equality before the law, Ethnic and Racial Studies, Evergreen Park, Illinois, Extramarital sex, Family planning, FBI–King suicide letter, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal holidays in the United States, Flying saucer, Fred Shuttlesworth, Gage Park, Chicago, Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century, George H. W. Bush, George Raveling, Georgia (U.S. state), Gerald Posner, Glenn E. Smiley, Golden Rule, Gone with the Wind (film), Good Friday Agreement, Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album, Harris Wofford, Harry H. Wachtel, Heathrow Airport, Heed Their Rising Voices, Heiberger, Alabama, Henry David Thoreau, Henry George, Henry Nelson Wieman, HighBeam Research, Highlander Research and Education Center, Historically black colleges and universities, House Un-American Activities Committee, How Long, Not Long, Howell Raines, Hubert Humphrey, HuffPost, Human overpopulation, Human population planning, Hunter Pitts O'Dell, I Have a Dream, I've Been to the Mountaintop, Indianapolis, Injunction, International Committee of the Red Cross, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Irish Americans, Izola Curry, J. Edgar Hoover, Jack Lew, James Bevel, James Earl Ray, James Farmer, Jane Elliott, Jawaharlal Nehru, Jefferson Park, Chicago, Jesse Jackson, Jesus, Jim Crow laws, Jimmy Carter, John F. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories, John Hume, John Lewis (civil rights leader), John Lewis Smith Jr., John W. V. Cordice, Jonathan Cape, Joseph Lowery, Journey of Reconciliation, Julius Waties Waring, Karl Marx, King assassination riots, King County, Washington, Labor rights, Law of the United States, Lee Harvey Oswald, Letter from Birmingham Jail, Lewis V. Baldwin, LGBT rights by country or territory, Life (magazine), List of civil rights leaders, List of peace activists, List of siege artillery, List of streets named after Martin Luther King Jr., Lotan Harold DeWolf, Loyd Jowers, Lyndon B. Johnson, Mahalia Jackson, Mahatma Gandhi, Major depressive disorder, Malcolm X, March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Margaret Sanger, Margaret Sanger Awards, Marian Anderson, Marquette Park (Chicago), Martin Luther King III, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park, Martin Luther King Sr., Mason Temple, Mass arrest, Mass racial violence in the United States, Massey Lectures, Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr., Memphis sanitation strike, Memphis, Tennessee, Michael Honey, Military tactics, Minimum wage, Minister (Christianity), Minnesota Public Radio, Modern liberalism in the United States, Montgomery bus boycott, Montgomery, Alabama, Montreal, Moral authority, Morehouse College, NAACP, Nation of Islam, National Archives and Records Administration, National Civil Rights Museum, National Mall, National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, National Security Agency, National Urban League, Natural resource, New Hampshire, New trial, New York City, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, Newsweek, Nobel Peace Prize, Nonviolence, Nonviolent resistance, Norman Thomas, North Lawndale, Chicago, Ogg, Omali Yeshitela, On the Mindless Menace of Violence, Operation Breadbasket, Pacifism in the United States, Paul Douglas, Paul Tillich, Peace movement, Percy Foreman, Plagiarism, Planned Parenthood, Playboy, Plume (publisher), Police brutality, Poor People's Campaign, Population growth, Post–civil rights era in African-American history, Poverty in the United States, Poverty reduction, Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson, Presidential Medal of Freedom, Progress and Poverty, Progressivism in the United States, Project MINARET, Prophecy, Racial integration, Racial segregation, Racial steering, Racism in the United States, Radio Hanoi, Ralph Abernathy, Randolph Blackwell, Random House, Reinhold Niebuhr, Remington Arms, Resurrection of Jesus, Rhodesia, Riceville, Iowa, Richard J. Daley, Riverside Church, Robert F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., Rolling Stone, Ronald Reagan, Rosa Parks, Roy Wilkins, Same-sex marriage, Scapegoat, Second Emancipation Proclamation, Selma to Montgomery marches, Selma, Alabama, Seminary, Sermon on the Mount, Sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr., Shanty town, Sit-in, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Social programs in the United States, Sociology, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Southern United States, Spingarn Medal, St. Augustine movement, St. Augustine, Florida, St. Joseph's Hospital (Memphis, Tennessee), St. Louis, Stanley Levison, State of the Union, Stokely Carmichael, Strength to Love, Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Sunday school, Systematic theology, Take My Hand, Precious Lord, Taylor Branch, Telephone tapping, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The Dallas Morning News, The Freedom Singers, The Greatest American, The New School, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Theodore Parker, Thesis, Third World, Time Person of the Year, Times Higher Education, Turning the other cheek, Twelfth Baptist Church, Boston, UNICEF, United Automobile Workers, United Nations, United States, United States Congress, United States Department of Justice, United States district court, United States House Select Committee on Assassinations, United States labor law, United States presidential election, 1968, United States Secretary of the Treasury, University at Buffalo Libraries, University of Iowa, Utah, Vietnam War, Violence begets violence, Voting, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Walter E. Fauntroy, Walter Rauschenbusch, Walter Reuther, Washington High School (Atlanta), Washington, D.C., We Interrupt This Broadcast, What Is Man? (King essay), Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?, White House, Whitney Young, Why We Can't Wait, Will of God, William Francis Pepper, William Lloyd Garrison, William Sloane Coffin, World War II, Wrongful death claim, Wyatt Tee Walker, Yolanda King, 1968 Chicago riots, 1968 Kansas City, Missouri riot, 1968 Louisville riots, 1968 Washington, D.C. riots. Expand index (345 more) »

A Call for Unity

"A Call for Unity" was an open letter published in Birmingham, Alabama, on April 12, 1963, by eight local white clergymen in response to civil rights demonstrations taking place in the area at the time.

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A. D. King

Alfred Daniel Williams “A.

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A. Philip Randolph

Asa Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 – May 16, 1979) was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement, the American labor movement, and socialist political parties.

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Aaron Henry

Aaron Henry (July 2, 1922 – May 19, 1997) was an American civil rights leader, politician, and head of the Mississippi branch of the NAACP.

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Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

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Activism

Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.

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Adin Ballou

Adin Ballou (April 23, 1803 – August 5, 1890) was an American prominent proponent of pacifism, socialism and abolitionism, and the founder of the Hopedale Community.

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Adlai Stevenson II

Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent public speaking, and promotion of progressive causes in the Democratic Party.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.

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Agape

Agape (Ancient Greek, agapē) is a Greco-Christian term referring to love, "the highest form of love, charity" and "the love of God for man and of man for God".

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Alabama State Capitol

The Alabama State Capitol, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the First Confederate Capitol, is the state capitol building for Alabama.

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Albany Movement

The Albany Movement was a desegregation and voter's rights coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, in November of 1961.

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Albany, Georgia

Albany is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Albert Lutuli

Inkosi Albert John Lutuli (commonly spelled Luthuli; – 21 July 1967), also known by his Zulu name Mvumbi, was a South African teacher, activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner, and politician.

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Albert Raby

Albert Anderson Raby (1933 – November 23, 1988) was a teacher at Chicago's Hess Upper Grade Center who secured the support of Martin Luther King Jr. to desegregate schools and housing in Chicago between 1965 and 1967.

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Alberta Williams King

Alberta Christine Williams King (September 13, 1904 – June 30, 1974) was Martin Luther King Jr.'s mother and the wife of Martin Luther King Sr. She played a significant role in the affairs of the Ebenezer Baptist Church.

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All-points bulletin

An all-points bulletin (APB) is a broadcast issued from any American or Canadian law enforcement agency to its personnel, or to other law enforcement agencies.

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Allard K. Lowenstein

Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (January 16, 1929 – March 14, 1980)Lowenstein's gravestone, Arlington National Cemetery; on the cemetery's official website.

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Allen Johnson (activist)

Allen Johnson was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement, an activist in the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and he was also a minister of religion.

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Alveda King

Alveda Celeste King (born January 22, 1951) is an American activist, author, former state representative for the 28th District in the Georgia House of Representatives and officer in the Executive Branch of the United States.

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America in the King Years

America in the King Years is a three-volume history of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement by Taylor Branch, which he wrote between 1982 and 2006.

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American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States of America.

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American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees

The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) is the largest trade union of public employees in the United States.

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American Friends Service Committee

The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) is a Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) founded organization working for peace and social justice in the United States and around the world.

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American Jewish Committee

American Jewish Committee (AJC) is a Jewish advocacy group established on November 11, 1906.

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And the Walls Came Tumbling Down

And the Walls Came Tumbling Down is a 1989 autobiography written by African-American civil rights leader Ralph David Abernathy.

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Andrew Young

Andrew Jackson Young Jr. (born March 13, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, and activist.

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Anisfield-Wolf Book Award

The Anisfield-Wolf Book Award is an American literary award dedicated to honoring written works that make important contributions to the understanding of racism and the appreciation of the rich diversity of human culture.

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Annie Bell Robinson Devine

Annie Bell Robinson Devine (1912–2000) was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement.

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AOL

AOL (formerly a company known as AOL Inc., originally known as America Online, and stylized as Aol.) is a web portal and online service provider based in New York.

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

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Assassination

Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.

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Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr., an American clergyman and civil rights leader, was shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.

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Aubre Maynard

Dr.

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Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both.

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Bachelor of Divinity

In Western universities, a Bachelor of Divinity or Baccalaureate in Divinity (BD or BDiv; Baccalaureus Divinitatis) is an undergraduate or postgraduate academic degree awarded for a course taken in the study of divinity or related disciplines, such as theology or, rarely, religious studies.

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Ballistics

Ballistics is the field of mechanics that deals with the launching, flight, behavior, and effects of projectiles, especially bullets, unguided bombs, rockets, or the like; the science or art of designing and accelerating projectiles so as to achieve a desired performance.

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Baltimore riot of 1968

The Baltimore riot of 1968 was a period of civil unrest that lasted from April 6 to April 14, 1968 in Baltimore.

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Baptists

Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).

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Barry Goldwater

Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–65, 1969–87) and the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in 1964.

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Basic income

A basic income, also called basic income guarantee, universal basic income (UBI), basic living stipend (BLS) or universal demogrant, is a type of program in which citizens (or permanent residents) of a country may receive a regular sum of money from the government.

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Bayard Rustin

Bayard Rustin (March 17, 1912 – August 24, 1987) was an American leader in social movements for civil rights, socialism, nonviolence, and gay rights.

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Beacon Press

Beacon Press is an American non-profit book publisher.

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Bearing the Cross

Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference is a 1986 book by David J. Garrow about Martin Luther King Jr., the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the American Civil Rights Movement.

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Belmont Cragin, Chicago

Belmont Cragin is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas located on the Northwest Side of the City of Chicago, Illinois.

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Ben Branch

Ben F. Branch (January 8, 1928 – August 27, 1987) Chicago Tribune, August 28, 1987 was an American entrepreneur, jazz tenor saxophonist, and bandleader.

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Benjamin Hooks

Benjamin Lawson Hooks (January 31, 1925 – April 15, 2010) was an American civil rights leader.

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Bernice King

Bernice Albertine King (born March 28, 1963) is an American minister best known as the youngest child of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King.

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Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence

"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence", also referred as Riverside Church speech, is an anti-Vietnam War and pro-social justice speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1967, exactly one year before he was assassinated.

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Billy Graham

William Franklin Graham Jr. (November 7, 1918 – February 21, 2018) was an American evangelist, a prominent evangelical Christian figure, and an ordained Southern Baptist minister who became well known internationally in the late 1940s.

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Birmingham, Alabama

Birmingham is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the seat of Jefferson County.

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Black Consciousness Movement

The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) was a grassroots anti-Apartheid activist movement that emerged in South Africa in the mid-1960s out of the political vacuum created by the jailing and banning of the African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress leadership after the Sharpeville Massacre in 1960.

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Black separatism

Black separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for those of African descent in societies, particularly in the United States.

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Bob Adelman

Robert Melvin "Bob" Adelman (October 30, 1930 – March 19, 2016) was an American photographer known for his images of the Civil Rights Movement.

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Boston Tea Party

The Boston Tea Party was a political and mercantile protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773.

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Boston University

Boston University (commonly referred to as BU) is a private, non-profit, research university in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP) was, in 1925, the first labor organization led by African Americans to receive a charter in the American Federation of Labor (AFL).

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Browder v. Gayle

Browder v. Gayle, 142 F. Supp.

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Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama)

Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church is a church in Selma, Alabama, United States.

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Bull Connor

Theophilus Eugene Connor (July 11, 1897 – March 10, 1973), known as Bull Connor, was an American politician who served as an elected Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, for more than two decades.

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C. T. Vivian

Cordy Tindell Vivian, usually known as C. T. Vivian (born July 30, 1924), is a minister, author, and was a close friend and lieutenant of Martin Luther King Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement.

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Calendar of saints

The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint.

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Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)

The veneration of saints in the Episcopal Church is a continuation of an ancient tradition from the early Church which honors important and influential people of the Christian faith.

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Calendar of saints (Lutheran)

The Lutheran Calendar of Saints is a listing which specifies the primary annual festivals and events that are celebrated liturgically by some Lutheran Churches in the United States.

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Charles Evers

James Charles Evers (born September 11, 1922) is an American civil rights activist and former politician.

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Charles Kenzie Steele

Charles Kenzie Steele (born in McDowell County, West Virginia; died in Tallahassee, Florida) was a preacher and a civil rights activist.

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Charles R. Johnson

Charles Richard Johnson (born April 23, 1948) is an African-American scholar and the author of novels, short stories, screen-and-teleplays, and essays, most often with a philosophical orientation.

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Chester, Pennsylvania

Chester is a city in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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Chicago Freedom Movement

The Chicago Freedom Movement, also known as the Chicago open housing movement, was led by Martin Luther King Jr., James Bevel and Al Raby.

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Chicago Tribune

The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tronc, Inc., formerly Tribune Publishing.

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Children's Crusade

The Children's Crusade was a disastrous popular crusade by European Christians to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims, said to have taken place in 1212.

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Christian left

The term Christian left refers to a spectrum of centre-left and left-wing Christian political and social movements that largely embrace viewpoints described as social justice and uphold a social gospel.

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Christian pacifism

Christian pacifism is the theological and ethical position that any form of violence is incompatible with the Christian faith.

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Christine King Farris

Willie Christine King Farris (née King; born September 11, 1927) is the eldest and only living sibling of Martin Luther King Jr. She taught at Spelman College and was the author of several books and a public speaker on various topics, including the King family, multicultural education, and teaching.

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Church Committee

The Church Committee was the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a U.S. Senate committee chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church (D-ID) in 1975.

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Church of God in Christ

The Church Of God in Christ (COGIC) is a Pentecostal-Holiness Christian denomination with a predominantly African-American membership.

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Civil and political rights

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.

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Civil disobedience

Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government or occupying international power.

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Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)

Resistance to Civil Government (Civil Disobedience) is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Civil Rights Act of 1968

The Civil Rights Act of 1968,, also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin and made it a federal crime to “by force or by threat of force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone … by reason of their race, color, religion, or national origin.” The Act was signed into law during the King assassination riots by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had previously signed the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act into law.

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Civil rights movement

The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.

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Clarence B. Jones

Clarence Benjamin Jones (born January 8, 1931) is the former personal counsel, advisor, draft speech writer and close friend of Martin Luther King Jr. He is a Scholar in Residence at the Martin Luther King, Jr.

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Claudette Colvin

Claudette Colvin (born September 5, 1939) is a pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement.

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Clayborne Carson

Clayborne Carson (born June 15, 1944) is an African-American professor of history at Stanford University, and director of the Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute.

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Cleveland Robinson

Cleveland Lowellyn "Cleve" Robinson (December 12, 1914 – August 23, 1995) was an American labor organizer, and civil rights activist.

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Clifford Durr

Clifford Judkins Durr (March 2, 1899 – May 12, 1975) was an Alabama lawyer who played an important role in defending activists and others accused of disloyalty during the New Deal and McCarthy eras, and who represented Rosa Parks in her challenge to the constitutionality of the ordinance requiring the segregation of passengers on buses in Montgomery that launched the 1955-56 Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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COINTELPRO

COINTELPRO (Portmanteau derived from '''CO'''unter '''INTEL'''ligence PROgram) (1956-1971) was a series of covert, and at times illegal, projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic political organizations.

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Colonel Stone Johnson

Colonel Stone Johnson (September 9, 1918 – January 19, 2012) was an African-American activist in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Colonization

Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components.

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Common law

Common law (also known as judicial precedent or judge-made law, or case law) is that body of law derived from judicial decisions of courts and similar tribunals.

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Communism

In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.

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Communist Party USA

The Communist Party USA (CPUSA) is a communist political party in the United States established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America.

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Congress of Racial Equality

The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Congressional Gold Medal

A Congressional Gold Medal is an award bestowed by the United States Congress; the Congressional Gold Medal and the Presidential Medal of Freedom are the highest civilian awards in the United States.

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Conscience for Change

Conscience for Change is a book of transcribed lectures by Martin Luther King Jr. that includes five talks King gave in late 1967 for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Massey Lectures.

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Conspiracy Encyclopedia

Conspiracy Encyclopedia: The Encyclopedia of Conspiracy Theories is a non-fiction reference book about conspiracy theories, with an introduction by editor Thom Burnett.

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Coretta Scott King

Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927January 30, 2006) was an American author, activist, civil rights leader, and the wife of Martin Luther King, Jr.

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Cornel West

Cornel Ronald West (born June 2, 1953) is an American philosopher, political activist, social critic, author, and public intellectual.

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Counterculture of the 1960s

The counterculture of the 1960s refers to an anti-establishment cultural phenomenon that developed first in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US) and then spread throughout much of the Western world between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s, with London, New York City, and San Francisco being hotbeds of early countercultural activity.

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Crozer Theological Seminary

The Crozer Theological Seminary was a multi-denominational religious institution located in Upland, Pennsylvania.

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Curtis W. Harris

Curtis West Harris (July 1, 1924 – December 10, 2017) was an African-American minister, civil rights activist, and politician in Virginia.

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Dalit

Dalit, meaning "broken/scattered" in Sanskrit and Hindi, is a term mostly used for the castes in India that have been subjected to untouchability.

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Dark Ages (historiography)

The "Dark Ages" is a historical periodization traditionally referring to the Middle Ages, that asserts that a demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire.

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David Garrow

David J. Garrow (born May 11, 1953 in New Bedford, Massachusetts) is an American historian and author of the book ''Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference'' (1986), which won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for Biography.

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Deacons for Defense and Justice

The Deacons for Defense and Justice was an armed African-American self-defense group founded in November 1964, during the civil rights era in the United States, in the mill town of Jonesboro, Louisiana.

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Democracy Now!

Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman and Juan González.

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Democratic socialism

Democratic socialism is a political philosophy that advocates political democracy alongside social ownership of the means of production with an emphasis on self-management and/or democratic management of economic institutions within a market socialist, participatory or decentralized planned economy.

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Desegregation

Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races.

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Dexter Avenue Baptist Church

Dexter Avenue Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Montgomery, Alabama, United States.

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Dexter Scott King

Dexter Scott King (born January 30, 1961) is the second son of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King.

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Discovery Channel

Discovery Channel (known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery) is an American pay television channel that is the flagship television property of Discovery Inc., a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Dispositio

Dispositio is the system used for the organization of arguments in Western classical rhetoric.

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Doctor of Philosophy

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or Ph.D.; Latin Philosophiae doctor) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.

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Dublin, Georgia

Dublin is a city in Laurens County, Georgia, United States.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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E. D. Nixon

Edgar Daniel Nixon (July 12, 1899 – February 25, 1987), known as E. D. Nixon, was an African-American civil rights leader and union organizer in Alabama who played a crucial role in organizing the landmark Montgomery Bus Boycott there in 1955.

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Edgar S. Brightman

Edgar Sheffield Brightman (September 20, 1884 in Holbrook, Massachusetts – February 25, 1953 in Boston) was a philosopher and Christian theologian in the Methodist tradition, associated with Boston University and liberal theology, and promulgated the philosophy known as Boston personalism.

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Edmund Pettus Bridge

The Edmund Pettus Bridge carries U.S. Route 80 Business (US 80 Bus.) across the Alabama River in Selma, Alabama.

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Emotional affair

The term emotional affair is used in the media to categorise or explain a certain type of relationship.

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Equality before the law

Equality before the law, also known as: equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, or legal equality, is the principle that each independent being must be treated equally by the law (principle of isonomy) and that all are subject to the same laws of justice (due process).

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Ethnic and Racial Studies

Ethnic and Racial Studies is a peer-reviewed social science academic journal that publishes scholarly articles and book reviews on anthropology, cultural studies, ethnicity and race, and sociology.

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Evergreen Park, Illinois

Evergreen Park is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Extramarital sex

Extramarital sex occurs when a married person engages in sexual activity with someone other than his or her spouse.

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Family planning

Family planning services are defined as "educational, comprehensive medical or social activities which enable individuals, including minors, to determine freely the number and spacing of their children and to select the means by which this may be achieved".

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FBI–King suicide letter

The FBI–King suicide letter or blackmail package was an anonymous 1964 letter and package by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) meant to blackmail Martin Luther King Jr. The phrase "You Are Done" is a noted warning from the letter.

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Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), formerly the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, and its principal federal law enforcement agency.

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Federal holidays in the United States

In the United States, a federal holiday is an authorized holiday which has been recognized by the US government.

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Flying saucer

A flying saucer (also referred to as "a flying disc") is a descriptive term for a supposed type of flying craft having a disc or saucer-shaped body, commonly used generically to refer to an anomalous flying object.

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Fred Shuttlesworth

Frederick Lee "Fred" Shuttlesworth (born Fred Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 – October 5, 2011), was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Gage Park, Chicago

Gage Park is one of Chicago's 77 well-defined community areas, located on the city's southwest side; it is also the name of a park within the neighborhood.

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Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century

Gallup's List of People that Americans Most Widely Admired in the 20th Century is a poll published in December 1999 by The Gallup Organization to determine which people around the world Americans most admired for what they did in the 20th century.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

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George Raveling

George Henry Raveling (born June 27, 1937) is a pioneer and innovator in the sport of American college basketball.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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Gerald Posner

Gerald Leo Posner (born May 20, 1954) is an American investigative journalist and author of twelve books, including Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK (1993), which explores the John F. Kennedy assassination, and Killing the Dream: James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (1998), about the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. A plagiarism scandal involving his articles and books arose in 2010.

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Glenn E. Smiley

Glenn Smiley (April 19, 1910 – September 14, 1993) was a white civil rights consultant and leader.

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Golden Rule

The Golden Rule (which can be considered a law of reciprocity in some religions) is the principle of treating others as one would wish to be treated.

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Gone with the Wind (film)

Gone with the Wind is a 1939 American epic historical romance film, adapted from Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel of the same name.

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Good Friday Agreement

The Good Friday Agreement (GFA) or Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta or Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste; Ulster-Scots: Guid Friday Greeance or Bilfawst Greeance) was a major political development in the Northern Ireland peace process of the 1990s.

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Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album

The Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album has been awarded since 1959.

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Harris Wofford

Harris Llewellyn Wofford Jr. (born April 9, 1926) is an American attorney and Democratic Party politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1991 to 1995.

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Harry H. Wachtel

Harry Wachtel (26 March 1917 – 3 February 1997) was a New York lawyer and businessman who worked closely with Martin Luther King, Jr., Clarence Benjamin Jones, and others within the Civil Rights movement.

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Heathrow Airport

Heathrow Airport (also known as London Heathrow) is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom.

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Heed Their Rising Voices

Heed Their Rising Voices is a 1960 newspaper advertisement published in the New York Times.

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Heiberger, Alabama

Heiberger is a small Unincorporated community located about 10 miles north of Marion in Perry County, Alabama, United States.

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Henry David Thoreau

Henry David Thoreau (see name pronunciation; July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862) was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian.

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Henry George

Henry George (September 2, 1839 – October 29, 1897) was an American political economist and journalist.

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Henry Nelson Wieman

Henry Nelson Wieman (1884–1975) was an American philosopher and theologian.

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HighBeam Research

HighBeam Research is a paid search engine and full text online archive owned by Gale, a subsidiary Cengage, for thousands of newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines, and encyclopedias in English.

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Highlander Research and Education Center

The Highlander Research and Education Center, formerly known as the Highlander Folk School, is a social justice leadership training school and cultural center in New Market, Tennessee.

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Historically black colleges and universities

Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions of higher education in the United States that were established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the intention of primarily serving the African-American community.

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House Un-American Activities Committee

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC, or House Committee on Un-American Activities, or HCUA) was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives.

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How Long, Not Long

"How Long, Not Long" is the popular name given to the public speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. on the steps of the State Capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, after the successful completion of the Selma to Montgomery March on March 25, 1965.

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Howell Raines

Howell Hiram Raines (born February 5, 1943) is an American journalist, editor, and writer.

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Hubert Humphrey

Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911January 13, 1978) was an American politician who served as the 38th Vice President of the United States from 1965 to 1969.

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HuffPost

HuffPost (formerly The Huffington Post and sometimes abbreviated HuffPo) is a liberal American news and opinion website and blog that has both localized and international editions.

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Human overpopulation

Human overpopulation (or population overshoot) occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group.

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Human population planning

Human population planning is the practice of intentionally managing the rate of growth of a human population.

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Hunter Pitts O'Dell

Jack O'Dell (a.k.a. Hunter Pitts O'Dell), born August 11, 1923, is a prominent African-American member of the Civil Rights Movement.

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I Have a Dream

"I Have a Dream" is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he calls for an end to racism in the United States and called for civil and economic rights.

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I've Been to the Mountaintop

"I've Been to the Mountaintop" is the popular name of the last speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. at Stanford University, including transcript of audience responses.

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Indianapolis

Indianapolis is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County.

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Injunction

An injunction is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order that compels a party to do or refrain from specific acts.

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International Committee of the Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.

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International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 190-member National Societies.

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Irish Americans

Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánaigh) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.

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Izola Curry

Izola Curry (Ware; June 14, 1916 – March 7, 2015) was an African-American woman who attempted to assassinate the civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. She stabbed King with a letter opener at a Harlem book signing on September 20, 1958, during the Harlem civil rights movement of the late 1950s and early 1960s.

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J. Edgar Hoover

John Edgar Hoover (January 1, 1895 – May 2, 1972) was an American law enforcement administrator and the first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States.

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Jack Lew

Jacob Joseph "Jack" Lew (born August 29, 1955) is an American attorney who was the 76th United States Secretary of the Treasury, serving from 2013 to 2017.

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James Bevel

James Luther Bevel (October 19, 1936 – December 19, 2008) was a minister and leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.

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James Earl Ray

James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 – April 23, 1998) was a fugitive who assassinated Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee.

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James Farmer

James Leonard Farmer Jr. (January 12, 1920 – July 9, 1999) was a civil rights activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement "who pushed for nonviolent protest to dismantle segregation, and served alongside Martin Luther King Jr." He was the initiator and organizer of the 1961 Freedom Ride, which eventually led to the desegregation of interstate transportation in the United States.

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Jane Elliott

Jane Elliott (Jennison; born May 27, 1933) is an American former third-grade schoolteacher, anti-racism activist, and educator, as well as a feminist.

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Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence.

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Jefferson Park, Chicago

Jefferson Park is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, located on the Northwest Side of the city.

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Jesse Jackson

Jesse Louis Jackson Sr. (né Burns; born October 8, 1941) is an American civil rights activist, Baptist minister, and politician.

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Jesus

Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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Jimmy Carter

James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.

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John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

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John F. Kennedy assassination conspiracy theories

The assassination of John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 has spurred numerous conspiracy theories, which include accusations of involvement of the CIA, the Mafia, sitting Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro, the KGB, or even some combination thereof.

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John Hume

John Hume, KCSG (born 18 January 1937) is an Irish former politician from Derry, Northern Ireland.

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John Lewis (civil rights leader)

John Robert Lewis (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician and is a prominent civil rights leader.

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John Lewis Smith Jr.

John Lewis Smith Jr. (September 20, 1912 – September 4, 1992) was a United States federal judge.

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John W. V. Cordice

John Walter Vincent Cordice, Jr. (1919–2014) was an American doctor and surgeon who is most notable for operating on Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. to save his life after a 1958 assassination attempt.

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Jonathan Cape

Jonathan Cape is a London publishing firm founded in 1921 by Herbert Jonathan Cape, who was head of the firm until his death in 1960.

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Joseph Lowery

Joseph Echols Lowery (born October 6, 1921) is an American minister in the United Methodist Church and leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Journey of Reconciliation

The Journey of Reconciliation was a form of nonviolent direct action to challenge state segregation laws on interstate buses in the Southern United States.

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Julius Waties Waring

Julius Waties Waring (July 27, 1880 – January 11, 1968) was a United States federal judge who played an important role in the early legal battles of the American Civil Rights Movement.

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Karl Marx

Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.

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King assassination riots

The King assassination riots, also known as the Holy Week Uprising, was a wave of civil disturbance which swept the United States following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968.

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King County, Washington

King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington.

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Labor rights

Labor rights or workers' rights are a group of legal rights and claimed human rights having to do with labor relations between workers and their employers, usually obtained under labor and employment law.

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Law of the United States

The law of the United States comprises many levels of codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the most important is the United States Constitution, the foundation of the federal government of the United States.

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Lee Harvey Oswald

Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a Marxist and ex-Marine who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.

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Letter from Birmingham Jail

The Letter from Birmingham Jail, also known as the Letter from Birmingham City Jail and The Negro Is Your Brother, is an open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism.

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Lewis V. Baldwin

Dr.

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LGBT rights by country or territory

Laws affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or territory; everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty as punishment for same-sex romantic/sexual activity or identity.

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Life (magazine)

Life was an American magazine that ran regularly from 1883 to 1972 and again from 1978 to 2000.

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List of civil rights leaders

Civil rights leaders are influential figures in the promotion and implementation of political freedom and the expansion of personal civil liberties and rights.

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List of peace activists

This list of peace activists includes people who have proactively advocated diplomatic, philosophical, and non-military resolution of major territorial or ideological disputes through nonviolent means and methods.

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List of siege artillery

Siege artillery (also siege guns or siege cannons) is the heavy guns designed to bombard fortifications, cities, and other fixed targets, as distinct from, e.g., field artillery.

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List of streets named after Martin Luther King Jr.

Streets named after Martin Luther King Jr. can be found in many cities of the United States and in nearly every major metropolis.

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Lotan Harold DeWolf

Lotan Harold DeWolf (31 January 1905 - March 24, 1986) Usually cited as L. Harold Dewolf, he was an American Methodist minister and professor of systematic theology at Boston University where he was Martin Luther King's "primary teacher and mentor".

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Loyd Jowers

Loyd Jowers (November 20, 1926May 20, 2000) was the owner of Jim's Grill, a restaurant near the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where Dr.

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Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.

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Mahalia Jackson

Mahalia Jackson (October 26, 1911 – January 27, 1972) was an American gospel singer.

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Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.

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Major depressive disorder

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known simply as depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations.

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Malcolm X

Malcolm X (19251965) was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist.

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March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the March on Washington, or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963.

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Margaret Sanger

Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse.

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Margaret Sanger Awards

The Margaret Sanger Award is an honor awarded annually by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America since 1966.

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Marian Anderson

Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 – April 8, 1993) was an American singer.

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Marquette Park (Chicago)

Marquette Park, the largest park on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois at, is located at in the city's Chicago Lawn neighborhood.

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Martin Luther King III

Martin Luther King III (born October 23, 1957) is an American human rights advocate and community activist.

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Martin Luther King Jr. Day

Martin Luther King Jr.

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Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial

The Martin Luther King Jr.

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Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park

The Martin Luther King Jr.

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Martin Luther King Sr.

Martin Luther King Sr. (born Michael King; December 19, 1899November 11, 1984), was an American Baptist pastor, missionary, and an early figure in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Mason Temple

Mason Temple, in Memphis, Tennessee, is a Christian international sanctuary and central headquarters of the Church of God in Christ, the largest African American Pentecostal group in the world.

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Mass arrest

A mass arrest occurs when police apprehend large numbers of suspects at once.

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Mass racial violence in the United States

Mass racial violence in the United States, also called race riots, can include such disparate events as.

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Massey Lectures

The Massey Lectures are an annual five-part series of lectures on a political, cultural or philosophical topic given in Canada by a noted scholar.

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Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.

This is a list of memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.

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Memphis sanitation strike

The Memphis sanitation strike began in February 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee.

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Memphis, Tennessee

Memphis is a city located along the Mississippi River in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Michael Honey

Michael K. Honey (born 1947) is an American historian, Guggenheim Fellow and Haley Professor of Humanities at the University of Washington Tacoma in the United States, where he teaches African-American, civil rights and labor history.

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Military tactics

Military tactics encompasses the art of organising and employing fighting forces on or near the battlefield.

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Minimum wage

A minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that employers can legally pay their workers.

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Minister (Christianity)

In Christianity, a minister is a person authorized by a church, or other religious organization, to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community.

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Minnesota Public Radio

Minnesota Public Radio (MPR), is a public radio network for the state of Minnesota.

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Modern liberalism in the United States

Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States.

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Montgomery bus boycott

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

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Montgomery, Alabama

Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County.

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Montreal

Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.

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Moral authority

Moral authority is authority premised on principles, or fundamental truths, which are independent of written, or positive, laws.

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Morehouse College

Morehouse College is a private, all-male, liberal arts, historically Black college located in Atlanta, Georgia.

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NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.

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Nation of Islam

The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.

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National Archives and Records Administration

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives.

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National Civil Rights Museum

The National Civil Rights Museum is a complex of museums and historic buildings in Memphis, Tennessee; its exhibits trace the history of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the 17th century to the present.

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National Mall

The National Mall is a landscaped park within the National Mall and Memorial Parks, an official unit of the United States National Park System.

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National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

The Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, which became the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, was a coalition of antiwar activists formed in 1967 to organize large demonstrations in opposition to the Vietnam War.

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National Security Agency

The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.

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National Urban League

The National Urban League (NUL), formerly known as the National League on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, is a nonpartisan civil rights organization based in New York City that advocates on behalf of African Americans and against racial discrimination in the United States.

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Natural resource

Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.

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New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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New trial

A new trial or retrial is a recurrence of a court case.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New York Times Co. v. Sullivan

New York Times Co.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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Nonviolence

Nonviolence is the personal practice of being harmless to self and others under every condition.

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Nonviolent resistance

Nonviolent resistance (NVR or nonviolent action) is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent.

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Norman Thomas

Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 – December 19, 1968) was an American Presbyterian minister who achieved fame as a socialist, pacifist, and six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America.

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North Lawndale, Chicago

North Lawndale, known to residents as simply "Lawndale", is located on the West Side of Chicago, Illinois.

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Ogg

Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.

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Omali Yeshitela

Omali Yeshitela (born Joseph Waller) is the founder of the Uhuru Movement, an African Internationalist organization based in St. Petersburg, Florida with members throughout some parts of the world.

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On the Mindless Menace of Violence

"On the Mindless Menace of Violence" is a speech given by United States Senator and presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy.

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Operation Breadbasket

Operation Breadbasket was an organization dedicated to improving the economic conditions of black communities across the United States of America.

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Pacifism in the United States

Pacifism has manifested in the United States in a variety of forms (such as peace movements), and in myriad contexts (such as opposition to the Civil War and the 2014 Ferguson unrest).

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Paul Douglas

Paul Howard Douglas (March 26, 1892 – September 24, 1976) was an American politician and Georgist economist.

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Paul Tillich

Paul Johannes Tillich (August 20, 1886 – October 22, 1965) was a German-American Christian existentialist philosopher and Lutheran Protestant theologian who is widely regarded as one of the most influential theologians of the twentieth century.

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Peace movement

A peace movement is a social movement that seeks to achieve ideals such as the ending of a particular war (or all wars), minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, and is often linked to the goal of achieving world peace.

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Percy Foreman

Percy Eugene Foreman (June 21, 1902 – August 25, 1988) was a criminal defense attorney from Houston, Texas.

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Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation of them as one's own original work.

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Planned Parenthood

Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), or Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health care in the United States and globally.

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Playboy

Playboy is an American men's lifestyle and entertainment magazine.

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Plume (publisher)

Plume is a publishing company in the United States, founded in 1970 as the trade paperback imprint of New American Library.

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Police brutality

Police brutality is one of several forms of police misconduct which involves undue violence by police members.

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Poor People's Campaign

ca The Poor People's Campaign, or Poor People's March on Washington, was a 1968 effort to gain economic justice for poor people in the United States.

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Population growth

In biology or human geography, population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.

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Post–civil rights era in African-American history

The post–civil rights era in African-American history is defined as the time period in the United States after the Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, major federal legislation that ended legal segregation, gained federal oversight and enforcement of voter registration and electoral practices in states or areas with a history of discriminatory practices, and ended discrimination in renting or buying housing.

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Poverty in the United States

Poverty is a state of deprivation, lacking the usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions.

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Poverty reduction

Poverty reduction, or poverty alleviation, is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian, that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty.

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Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom

The Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, or Prayer Pilgrimage to Washington, was a 1957 demonstration in Washington, D.C., an early event in the Civil Rights Movement, and the occasion for Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Give Us the Ballot" speech.

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Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson

The presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson began on November 22, 1963, when Johnson became the 36th President of the United States upon the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and ended on January 20, 1969.

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Presidential Medal of Freedom

The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is—along with the comparable Congressional Gold Medal—the highest civilian award of the United States.

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Progress and Poverty

Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth: The Remedy is an 1879 book by social theorist and economist Henry George.

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Progressivism in the United States

Progressivism in the United States is a broadly based reform movement that reached its height early in the 20th century and is generally considered to be middle class and reformist in nature.

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Project MINARET

Project MINARET was a domestic espionage project operated by the National Security Agency (NSA), which, after intercepting electronic communications that contained the names of predesignated US citizens, passed them to other government law enforcement and intelligence organizations.

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Prophecy

A prophecy is a message that is claimed by a prophet to have been communicated to them by a god.

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Racial integration

Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation).

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Racial segregation

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.

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Racial steering

Racial steering refers to the practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race.

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Racism in the United States

Racism in the United States against non-whites is widespread and has been so the colonial era.

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Radio Hanoi

Radio Hanoi was a propaganda radio station run by the North Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War.

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Ralph Abernathy

Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was an American civil rights activist and Christian minister.

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Randolph Blackwell

Randolph T. Blackwell (born March 10, 1927 in Greensboro, North Carolina, died May 21, 1981) was a veteran of the Civil Rights Movement, serving in Martin Luther King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference, amongst other organizations.

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Random House

Random House is an American book publisher and the largest general-interest paperback publisher in the world.

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Reinhold Niebuhr

Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr (June 21, 1892June 1, 1971) was an American theologian, ethicist, commentator on politics and public affairs, and professor at Union Theological Seminary for more than 30 years.

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Remington Arms

Remington Arms Company, LLC is an American manufacturer of firearms and ammunition in the United States.

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Resurrection of Jesus

The resurrection of Jesus or resurrection of Christ is the Christian religious belief that, after being put to death, Jesus rose again from the dead: as the Nicene Creed expresses it, "On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures".

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Rhodesia

Rhodesia was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe.

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Riceville, Iowa

Riceville is a city in Howard and Mitchell Counties in the U.S. state of Iowa.

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Richard J. Daley

Richard Joseph Daley (May 15, 1902 – December 20, 1976) was an American politician who served as the 38th Mayor of Chicago for a total of 21 years beginning on April 20, 1955, until his death on December 20, 1976.

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Riverside Church

Riverside Church is a Christian church in Morningside Heights, Upper Manhattan, New York City.

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Robert F. Kennedy

Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator for New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968.

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Robert F. Kennedy's speech on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

On April 4, 1968, Senator Robert F. Kennedy of New York delivered an improvised speech several hours after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr..

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Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone is an American monthly magazine that focuses on popular culture.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Rosa Parks

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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Roy Wilkins

Roy Ottoway Wilkins (August 30, 1901 – September 8, 1981) was a prominent activist in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the 1930s to the 1970s.

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Same-sex marriage

Same-sex marriage (also known as gay marriage) is the marriage of a same-sex couple, entered into in a civil or religious ceremony.

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Scapegoat

In the Bible, a scapegoat is an animal which is ritually burdened with the sins of others then driven away.

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Second Emancipation Proclamation

The Second Emancipation Proclamation is the term applied to an envisioned executive order that Martin Luther King Jr. and other leaders of the Civil Rights Movement enjoined President John F. Kennedy to issue.

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Selma to Montgomery marches

The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma, Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery.

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Selma, Alabama

Selma is a city in and the county seat of Dallas County, in the Black Belt region of south central Alabama and extending to the west.

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Seminary

Seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, Early-Morning Seminary, and divinity school are educational institutions for educating students (sometimes called seminarians) in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination as clergy, academia, or ministry.

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Sermon on the Mount

The Sermon on the Mount (anglicized from the Matthean Vulgate Latin section title: Sermo in monte) is a collection of sayings and teachings of Jesus, which emphasizes his moral teaching found in the Gospel of Matthew (chapters 5, 6, and 7).

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Sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr.

The sermons and speeches of Martin Luther King Jr., comprise an extensive catalog of American writing and oratory – some of which are internationally well-known, while others remain unheralded, and some await re-discovery.

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Shanty town

A shanty town or squatter area is a settlement of improvised housing which is known as shanties or shacks, made of plywood, corrugated metal, sheets of plastic, and cardboard boxes.

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Sit-in

A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.

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Social Democratic and Labour Party

The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) is a social-democratic and Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland.

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Social programs in the United States

Social programs in the United States are welfare subsidies designed to meet needs of the American population.

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Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.

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Southern Christian Leadership Conference

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Spingarn Medal

The Spingarn Medal is awarded annually by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for outstanding achievement by an African American.

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St. Augustine movement

The St.

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St. Augustine, Florida

St.

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St. Joseph's Hospital (Memphis, Tennessee)

Saint Joseph Hospital was a Catholic operated hospital located at 220 Overton Avenue in Memphis, Tennessee.

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St. Louis

St.

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Stanley Levison

Stanley David Levison (May 2, 1912 – September 12, 1979) was an American businessman and lawyer who became a lifelong activist in progressive causes.

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State of the Union

The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term.

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Stokely Carmichael

Kwame Ture (born Stokely Carmichael, June 29, 1941November 15, 1998) was a Trinidadian-born prominent organizer in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States and the global Pan-African movement.

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Strength to Love

Strength to Love is a book by Martin Luther King, Jr. It was published in 1963 as a collection of his sermons primarily on the topic of racial segregation in the United States and with a heavy emphasis on permanent religious values.

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Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story

Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story (published 1958) is Martin Luther King Jr.'s historic account of the 1955–56 Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, often pronounced) was one of the major Civil Rights Movement organizations of the 1960s.

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Sunday school

A Sunday School is an educational institution, usually (but not always) Christian, which catered to children and other young people who would be working on weekdays.

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Systematic theology

Systematic theology is a discipline of Christian theology that formulates an orderly, rational, and coherent account of the doctrines of the Christian faith.

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Take My Hand, Precious Lord

"Take My Hand, Precious Lord" (a.k.a. "Precious Lord, Take My Hand") is a gospel song.

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Taylor Branch

Taylor Branch (born January 14, 1947) is an American author and historian best known for his trilogy of books chronicling the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. and much of the history of the American Civil Rights Movement.

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Telephone tapping

Telephone tapping (also wire tapping or wiretapping in American English) is the monitoring of telephone and Internet conversations by a third party, often by covert means.

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The Atlanta Journal-Constitution

The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) is the only major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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The Dallas Morning News

The Dallas Morning News is a daily newspaper serving the Dallas–Fort Worth area of Texas, with an average of 271,900 daily subscribers.

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The Freedom Singers

The Freedom Singers originated as a student quartet formed in 1962 at Albany State College in Albany, Georgia.

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The Greatest American

The Greatest American was a four-part American television series hosted by Matt Lauer in 2005.

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The New School

The New School is a private non-profit research university centered in Manhattan, New York City, USA, located mostly in Greenwich Village.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Theodore Parker

Theodore Parker (August 24, 1810 – May 10, 1860) was an American Transcendentalist and reforming minister of the Unitarian church.

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Thesis

A thesis or dissertation is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings.

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Third World

The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc.

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Time Person of the Year

Person of the Year (called Man of the Year or Woman of the Year until 1999) is an annual issue of the United States news magazine Time that features and profiles a person, a group, an idea, or an object that "for better or for worse...

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Times Higher Education

Times Higher Education (THE), formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement (THES), is a weekly magazine based in London, reporting specifically on news and issues related to higher education.

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Turning the other cheek

Turning the other cheek is a phrase in Christian doctrine that refers to responding to injury without revenge.

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Twelfth Baptist Church, Boston

The Twelfth Baptist Church is a historic church in the Roxbury neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts.

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UNICEF

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations (UN) program headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries.

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United Automobile Workers

The International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, better known as the United Automobile Workers (UAW), is an American labor union that represents workers in the United States (including Puerto Rico) and Canada.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Department of Justice

The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the U.S. government, responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice in the United States, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries. The department was formed in 1870 during the Ulysses S. Grant administration. The Department of Justice administers several federal law enforcement agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The department is responsible for investigating instances of financial fraud, representing the United States government in legal matters (such as in cases before the Supreme Court), and running the federal prison system. The department is also responsible for reviewing the conduct of local law enforcement as directed by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The department is headed by the United States Attorney General, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet. The current Attorney General is Jeff Sessions.

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United States district court

The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system.

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United States House Select Committee on Assassinations

The United States House of Representatives Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) was established in 1976 to investigate the assassinations of John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr. The HSCA completed its investigation in 1978 and issued its final report the following year, concluding that Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy.

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United States labor law

United States labor law sets the rights and duties for employees, labor unions, and employers in the United States.

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United States presidential election, 1968

The United States presidential election of 1968 was the 46th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968.

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United States Secretary of the Treasury

The Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the U.S. Department of the Treasury which is concerned with financial and monetary matters, and, until 2003, also included several federal law enforcement agencies.

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University at Buffalo Libraries

The University at Buffalo Libraries is the university library system of the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York.

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University of Iowa

The University of Iowa (also known as the UI, U of I, UIowa, or simply Iowa) is a flagship public research university in Iowa City, Iowa.

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Utah

Utah is a state in the western United States.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War (Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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Violence begets violence

The phrase "violence begets violence" (or "hate begets hate") means that violent behavior promotes other violent behavior, in return.

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Voting

Voting is a method for a group, such as, a meeting or an electorate to make a decision or express an opinion, usually following discussions, debates or election campaigns.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

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Walter E. Fauntroy

Walter Edward Fauntroy (born February 6, 1933) is the former pastor of the New Bethel Baptist Church in Washington, D.C., and a civil rights activist.

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Walter Rauschenbusch

Walter Rauschenbusch (October 4, 1861 – July 25, 1918) was an American theologian and Baptist pastor who taught at the Rochester Theological Seminary.

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Walter Reuther

Walter Philip Reuther (September 1, 1907 – May 9, 1970) was an American leader of organized labor and civil rights activist who built the United Automobile Workers (UAW) into one of the most progressive labor unions in American history.

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Washington High School (Atlanta)

Booker T. Washington High School, named for the famous educator, opened in September 1924 under the auspices of the Atlanta Board of Education, with the late Charles Lincoln Harper as principal.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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We Interrupt This Broadcast

We Interrupt This Broadcast is the title of a non-fiction book from 1998.

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What Is Man? (King essay)

"What is man?" is a 1959 essay from the book, The Measure of a Man, written by Martin Luther King Jr. In The Measure of a Man, King raises issues of totalitarian government and democracy.

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Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?

Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? is a 1967 book by African-American minister, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and social justice campaigner Martin Luther King, Jr. Advocating for human rights and a sense of hope, it was King's fourth and last book before his assassination.

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White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.

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Whitney Young

Whitney Moore Young Jr. (July 31, 1921 – March 11, 1971) was an American civil rights leader.

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Why We Can't Wait

Why We Can't Wait is a 1964 book by Martin Luther King Jr. about the nonviolent movement against racial segregation in the United States, and specifically the 1963 Birmingham campaign.

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Will of God

The will of God, divine will, or God's plan refers to the concept of a God having a plan for humanity.

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William Francis Pepper

William Francis Pepper (born August 16, 1937) is a former attorney based in New York City who is most noted for his efforts to prove government culpability and the innocence of James Earl Ray in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., as well as the King family, in subsequent years.

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William Lloyd Garrison

William Lloyd Garrison (December, 1805 – May 24, 1879) was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer.

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William Sloane Coffin

William Sloane Coffin Jr. (June 1, 1924 – April 12, 2006) was an American Christian clergyman and long-time peace activist.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Wrongful death claim

Wrongful death is a claim against a person who can be held liable for a death.

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Wyatt Tee Walker

Wyatt Tee Walker (August 16, 1928 – January 23, 2018) was an African-American pastor, national civil rights leader, theologian, and cultural historian.

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Yolanda King

Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was an American activist and first-born child of civil rights leaders Rev.

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1968 Chicago riots

The 1968 Chicago riots, in the U.S., were sparked in part by the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. King was shot while standing on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, at 6:01 pm.

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1968 Kansas City, Missouri riot

The 1968 Kansas City riot occurred in Kansas City, Missouri, in April 1968.

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1968 Louisville riots

The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968.

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1968 Washington, D.C. riots

The Washington, D.C. riots of 1968 were 4 days of riots in Washington, D.C. that followed the assassination of civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.

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