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34 relations: American Civil War, American Revolutionary War, Army National Guard, Atlantic Avenue (New York City), Battle of Long Island, Boston, Brooklyn College, Columbia University, Continental Congress, Frederick, Maryland, George Washington, Gowanus Canal, Grand Army of the Republic, Hessian (soldier), James Grant (British Army officer, born 1720), Maryland, Maryland Line, Mordecai Gist, National Park Service, New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, Old Stone House (Brooklyn), Order of battle of the Battle of Long Island, Park Slope, Prospect Park (Brooklyn), Sons of the Revolution, Stanford White, United States Army, War on Terror, William Alexander, Lord Stirling, William Smallwood, Works Progress Administration, 175th Infantry Regiment (United States), 1st Maryland Regiment, 29th Infantry Division (United States).
American Civil War
The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Army National Guard
The Army National Guard (ARNG), in conjunction with the Air National Guard, is a militia force and a federal military reserve force of the United States.
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Atlantic Avenue (New York City)
Atlantic Avenue is an important street in the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens.
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Battle of Long Island
The Battle of Long Island is also known as the Battle of Brooklyn and the Battle of Brooklyn Heights.
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Boston
Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
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Brooklyn College
Brooklyn College is a senior university of the City University of New York, located on the border of the Midwood and Flatbush neighborhoods of Brooklyn, New York City.
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Columbia University
Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.
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Continental Congress
The Continental Congress, also known as the Philadelphia Congress, was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies.
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Frederick, Maryland
Frederick is a city in, and the county seat of, Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland.
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George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 –, 1799), known as the "Father of His Country," was an American soldier and statesman who served from 1789 to 1797 as the first President of the United States.
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Gowanus Canal
The Gowanus Canal (originally known as Gowanus Creek) is a canal in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, on the westernmost portion of Long Island.
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Grand Army of the Republic
The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army (United States Army), Union Navy (U.S. Navy), Marines and the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service who served in the American Civil War for the Northern/Federal forces.
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Hessian (soldier)
Hessians were German soldiers who served as auxiliaries to the British Army during the American Revolutionary War.
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James Grant (British Army officer, born 1720)
James Grant, Laird of Ballindalloch (1720–1806) was a British Army officer who served as a major general during the American War of Independence.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Maryland Line
The "Maryland Line" was a formation within the Continental Army, formed and authorized by the Second Continental Congress, meeting in the "Old Pennsylvania State House" (later known as "Independence Hall") in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in June 1775.
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Mordecai Gist
Mordecai Gist (1743–1792) was a member of a prominent Maryland family who became a general in command of the Maryland Line in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
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National Park Service
The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.
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New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) is the New York City agency charged with administering the city's Landmarks Preservation Law.
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Old Stone House (Brooklyn)
The Old Stone House is a 1933 reconstruction, using some original materials, of the Vechte–Cortelyou House, which was destroyed in 1897.
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Order of battle of the Battle of Long Island
The Battle of Long Island was a decisive British victory early in the American Revolutionary War over American forces under the command of Major General George Washington, and the opening battle in a successful British campaign to gain control of New York City in 1776.
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Park Slope
Park Slope is a neighborhood in northwest Brooklyn, New York City.
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Prospect Park (Brooklyn)
Prospect Park is a 526-acre (213 hectare)"Prospect Park" NYC Parks https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/prospect-park retrieved June 18, 2017 public park in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, and the second largest public park in Brooklyn.
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Sons of the Revolution
Sons of the Revolution is a hereditary society which was founded in 1876 and educates the public about the American Revolution.
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Stanford White
Stanford White (November 9, 1853 – June 25, 1906) was an American architect and partner in the architectural firm McKim, Mead & White, the frontrunner among Beaux-Arts firms.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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War on Terror
The War on Terror, also known as the Global War on Terrorism, is an international military campaign that was launched by the United States government after the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001.
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William Alexander, Lord Stirling
William Alexander, also known as Lord Stirling (1726 – 15 January 1783), was a Scottish-American Major General during the American Revolutionary War.
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William Smallwood
William Smallwood (1732February 14, 1792) was an American planter, soldier and politician from Charles County, Maryland.
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Works Progress Administration
The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing millions of people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.
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175th Infantry Regiment (United States)
The 175th Infantry Regiment ("Fifth Maryland") is an infantry regiment of the Maryland Army National Guard.
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1st Maryland Regiment
The 1st Maryland Regiment (Smallwood's Regiment) originated with the authorization of a Maryland Battalion of the Maryland State Troops on 14 January 1776.
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29th Infantry Division (United States)
The 29th Infantry Division (29th I.D.), also known as the "Blue and Gray", is an infantry division of the United States Army based in Fort Belvoir, Virginia.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_400
