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195 relations: A priori and a posteriori, Accelerator mass spectrometry, Adduct, Anesthesia, Animal testing, Anode, Anode ray, Arthur Jeffrey Dempster, Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization, Atom probe, Bottom-up proteomics, Calutron, Capillary electrophoresis, Carbon-13, Cassini–Huygens, Cathode, Cathode ray, Charged particle, Chemical compound, Chemical ionization, Chemical Physics Letters, Chemical species, Chemical structure, Chloride, Chromatography, Collision-induced dissociation, Contour line, Cross product, Curve fitting, Cyclotron, Dalton Transactions, De novo peptide sequencing, Deconvolution, Delayed extraction, Desorption/ionization on silicon, Deuterium, Differential equation, Dimensionless quantity, Direct analysis in real time, Dumas method of molecular weight determination, Duty cycle, Electric charge, Electric current, Electric discharge in gases, Electric field, Electron ionization, Electron multiplier, Electron-capture dissociation, Electron-transfer dissociation, Electrophoresis, ..., Electrospray ionization, Electrostatics, Elementary charge, Enceladus, Enriched uranium, Ernest Lawrence, Eugen Goldstein, Faraday cup, Fast atom bombardment, Field desorption, Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry, Fourier transform, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Francis William Aston, Gas, Gas chromatography, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Gas-phase ion chemistry, Glow discharge, Glycan, Glycobiology, Hans Georg Dehmelt, Helium mass spectrometer, High-performance liquid chromatography, Huygens (spacecraft), In silico, In-gel digestion, Incandescent light bulb, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Infrared multiphoton dissociation, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, International scientific vocabulary, Ion, Ion cyclotron resonance, Ion source, Ion trap, Ion-to-photon detector, Ionization, Isotope, Isotope dilution, Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, Isotopes of uranium, Isotopic signature, J. J. Thomson, John Fenn (chemist), Kinetic energy, Koichi Tanaka, Laser spray ionization, Liquid, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, List of mass spectrometry acronyms, List of mass spectrometry software, Lorentz force, Magnetic field, Magnetosphere, Manhattan Project, Mars, Mass, Mass (mass spectrometry), Mass chromatogram, Mass spectrometry imaging, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Mass spectrum, Mass-to-charge ratio, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry, Metal, Micro-arrays for mass spectrometry, Microchannel plate detector, Microdosing, Milli mass unit, Molecule, Monoisotopic element, Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, Newton's laws of motion, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Operating theater, Orbitrap, Oscilloscope, Parts-per notation, Penning trap, Pepsin, Peptide, Peptide mass fingerprinting, Phoenix (spacecraft), Phosphor, Photographic plate, Photoionization, Photosystem II, Protease, Protein primary structure, Protein sequencing, Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Quadrupole, Quadrupole ion trap, Quadrupole magnet, Quadrupole mass analyzer, Qualitative research, Quantitative analysis (chemistry), Radio frequency, Radiocarbon dating, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, Reflectron, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Saturn, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Sector mass spectrometer, Selected ion monitoring, Selected reaction monitoring, Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry, Sodium, Sodium chloride, Soft laser desorption, Solid, Solution, Solvent, Southwest Research Institute, Spark ionization, Spectrograph, Spectroscopy, Spectrum, Structure, Synchrotron, Tandem mass spectrometry, Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer, Thermal ionization, Thermospray, Time of flight, Time-resolved mass spectrometry, Titan (moon), Top-down proteomics, Trypsin, Unified atomic mass unit, Urea breath test, Vapor, Velocity, Viking program, Voltage, Water, Wilhelm Wien, Wolfgang Paul, Y-12 National Security Complex. Expand index (145 more) »
A priori and a posteriori
The Latin phrases a priori ("from the earlier") and a posteriori ("from the latter") are philosophical terms of art popularized by Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (first published in 1781, second edition in 1787), one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.
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Accelerator mass spectrometry
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a form of mass spectrometry that accelerates ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass analysis.
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Adduct
An adduct (from the Latin adductus, "drawn toward" alternatively, a contraction of "addition product") is a product of a direct addition of two or more distinct molecules, resulting in a single reaction product containing all atoms of all components.
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Anesthesia
In the practice of medicine (especially surgery and dentistry), anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of temporary induced loss of sensation or awareness.
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Animal testing
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
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Anode
An anode is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized electrical device.
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Anode ray
An anode ray (also positive ray or canal ray) is a beam of positive ions that is created by certain types of gas-discharge tubes.
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Arthur Jeffrey Dempster
Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (August 14, 1886 – March 11, 1950) was a Canadian-American physicist best known for his work in mass spectrometry and his discovery of the uranium isotope 235U.
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Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure (105 Pa), commonly coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Atom probe
The atom probe was introduced at the by Erwin Wilhelm Müller and J. A. Panitz.
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Bottom-up proteomics
Bottom-up proteomics is a common method to identify proteins and characterize their amino acid sequences and post-translational modifications by proteolytic digestion of proteins prior to analysis by mass spectrometry.
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Calutron
A calutron is a mass spectrometer originally designed and used for separating the isotopes of uranium.
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Capillary electrophoresis
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a family of electrokinetic separation methods performed in submillimeter diameter capillaries and in micro- and nanofluidic channels.
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Carbon-13
Carbon-13 (13C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons.
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Cassini–Huygens
The Cassini–Huygens mission, commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.
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Cathode
A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device.
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Cathode ray
Cathode rays (also called an electron beam or e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes.
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Charged particle
In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge.
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Chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
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Chemical ionization
Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry.
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Chemical Physics Letters
Chemical Physics Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in chemical physics and physical chemistry.
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Chemical species
A chemical species is a chemical substance or ensemble composed of chemically identical molecular entities that can explore the same set of molecular energy levels on a characteristic or delineated time scale.
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Chemical structure
A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.
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Chloride
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−.
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Chromatography
Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.
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Collision-induced dissociation
Collision-induced dissociation (CID), also known as collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), is a mass spectrometry technique to induce fragmentation of molecular ions in the gas phase.
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Contour line
A contour line (also isocline, isopleth, isarithm, or equipotential curve) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal value.
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Cross product
In mathematics and vector algebra, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product to emphasize the geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in three-dimensional space \left(\mathbb^3\right) and is denoted by the symbol \times.
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Curve fitting
Curve fitting is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, possibly subject to constraints.
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Cyclotron
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest O. Lawrence in 1929-1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932.
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Dalton Transactions
Dalton Transactions is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing original (primary) research and review articles on all aspects of the chemistry of inorganic, bioinorganic, and organometallic compounds.
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De novo peptide sequencing
In mass spectrometry, de novo peptide sequencing is the method in which a peptide amino acid sequence is determined from tandem mass spectrometry.
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Deconvolution
In mathematics, deconvolution is an algorithm-based process used to reverse the effects of convolution on recorded data.
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Delayed extraction
Delayed extraction is a method used with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer in which the accelerating voltage is applied after some short time delay following pulsed laser desorption/ionization from a flat surface of target plate or, in other implementation, pulsed electron ionization or Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization in some narrow space between two plates of the ion extraction system.
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Desorption/ionization on silicon
Desorption/ionization on silicon (DIOS) is a soft laser desorption method used to generate gas-phase ions for mass spectrometry.
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Deuterium
Deuterium (or hydrogen-2, symbol or, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other being protium, or hydrogen-1).
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Differential equation
A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives.
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Dimensionless quantity
In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity is a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned.
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Direct analysis in real time
Direct analysis in real time (DART) is an ion source used in mass spectrometry.
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Dumas method of molecular weight determination
The Dumas method of molecular weight determination was historically a procedure used to determine the molecular weight of an unknown substance.
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Duty cycle
A duty cycle is the fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active.
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Electric charge
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
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Electric current
An electric current is a flow of electric charge.
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Electric discharge in gases
Electric discharge in gases occurs when electric current flows through a gaseous medium due to ionization of the gas.
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Electric field
An electric field is a vector field surrounding an electric charge that exerts force on other charges, attracting or repelling them.
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Electron ionization
Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions.
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Electron multiplier
An electron multiplier is a vacuum-tube structure that multiplies incident charges.
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Electron-capture dissociation
Electron-capture dissociation (ECD) is a method of fragmenting gas-phase ions for structure elucidation of peptides and proteins in tandem mass spectrometry.
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Electron-transfer dissociation
Electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) is a method of fragmenting multiply-charged gaseous macromolecules in a mass spectrometer between the stages of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).
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Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis (from the Greek "Ηλεκτροφόρηση" meaning "to bear electrons") is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field.
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Electrospray ionization
Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions using an electrospray in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol.
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Electrostatics
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies electric charges at rest.
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Elementary charge
The elementary charge, usually denoted as or sometimes, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the magnitude of the electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge.
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Enceladus
Enceladus is the sixth-largest moon of Saturn.
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Enriched uranium
Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased through the process of isotope separation.
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Ernest Lawrence
Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was a pioneering American nuclear scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron.
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Eugen Goldstein
Eugen Goldstein (5 September 1850 – 25 December 1930) was a German physicist.
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Faraday cup
A Faraday cup is a metal (conductive) cup designed to catch charged particles in vacuum.
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Fast atom bombardment
Fast atom bombardment (FAB) is an ionization technique used in mass spectrometry in which a beam of high energy atoms strikes a surface to create ions.
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Field desorption
Field desorption (FD) is a method of ion formation used in mass spectrometry (MS) in which a high-potential electric field is applied to an emitter with a sharp surface, such as a razor blade, or more commonly, a filament from which tiny "whiskers" have formed.
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Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry
Flowing-afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS), is an analytical chemistry technique for the sensitive detection of trace gases.
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Fourier transform
The Fourier transform (FT) decomposes a function of time (a signal) into the frequencies that make it up, in a way similar to how a musical chord can be expressed as the frequencies (or pitches) of its constituent notes.
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Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is a type of mass analyzer (or mass spectrometer) for determining the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions based on the cyclotron frequency of the ions in a fixed magnetic field.
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Fragmentation (mass spectrometry)
In mass spectrometry, fragmentation is the dissociation of energetically unstable molecular ions formed from passing the molecules in the ionization chamber of a mass spectrometer.
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Francis William Aston
Francis William Aston FRS (1 September 1877 – 20 November 1945) was an English chemist and physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole number rule.
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Gas
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).
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Gas chromatography
Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.
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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample.
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Gas-phase ion chemistry
Gas phase ion chemistry is a field of science encompassed within both chemistry and physics.
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Glow discharge
A glow discharge is a plasma formed by the passage of electric current through a gas.
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Glycan
The terms glycan and polysaccharide are defined by IUPAC as synonyms meaning "compounds consisting of a large number of monosaccharides linked glycosidically".
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Glycobiology
Defined in the narrowest sense, glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, and biology of saccharides (sugar chains or glycans) that are widely distributed in nature.
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Hans Georg Dehmelt
Hans Georg Dehmelt (9 September 1922 – 7 March 2017) was a German and American physicist, who was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989, for co-developing the ion trap technique (Penning trap) with Wolfgang Paul, for which they shared one-half of the prize (the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey).
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Helium mass spectrometer
A helium mass spectrometer is an instrument commonly used to detect and locate small leaks.
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High-performance liquid chromatography
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography), is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture.
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Huygens (spacecraft)
Huygens was an atmospheric entry probe that landed successfully on Saturn's moon Titan in 2005.
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In silico
In silico (literally cod Latin for "in silicon", alluding to the mass use of silicon for semiconductor computer chips) is an expression used to mean "performed on computer or via computer simulation." The phrase was coined in 1989 as an allusion to the Latin phrases in vivo, in vitro, and in situ, which are commonly used in biology (see also systems biology) and refer to experiments done in living organisms, outside living organisms, and where they are found in nature, respectively.
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In-gel digestion
The in-gel digestion is part of the sample preparation for the mass spectrometric identification of proteins in course of proteomic analysis.
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Incandescent light bulb
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to such a high temperature that it glows with visible light (incandescence).
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Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry which is capable of detecting metals and several non-metals at concentrations as low as one part in 1015 (part per quadrillion, ppq) on non-interfered low-background isotopes.
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Infrared multiphoton dissociation
Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to fragment molecules in the gas phase usually for structural analysis of the original (parent) molecule.
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International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
The International Journal of Mass Spectrometry (IJMS) is a peer-reviewed journal covering fundamental aspects of mass spectrometry and ion processes, including instrumentation and applications in biology, chemistry, geology and physics.
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International scientific vocabulary
International scientific vocabulary (ISV) comprises scientific and specialized words whose language of origin may or may not be certain, but which are in current use in several modern languages (that is, translingually).
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Ion cyclotron resonance
Ion cyclotron resonance is a phenomenon related to the movement of ions in a magnetic field.
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Ion source
An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions.
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Ion trap
An ion trap is a combination of electric or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles, often in a system isolated from an external environment.
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Ion-to-photon detector
An ion-to-photon detector (IPD) is a component used for detecting ions in mass spectrometry.
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Ionization
Ionization or ionisation, is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.
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Isotope
Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number.
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Isotope dilution
Isotope dilution analysis is a method of determining the quantity of chemical substances.
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Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry
Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is a specialization of mass spectrometry, in which mass spectrometric methods are used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample.
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Isotopes of uranium
Uranium (92U) is a naturally occurring radioactive element that has no stable isotopes but two primordial isotopes (uranium-238 and uranium-235) that have long half-life and are found in appreciable quantity in the Earth's crust, along with the decay product uranium-234.
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Isotopic signature
An isotopic signature (also isotopic fingerprint) is a ratio of non-radiogenic 'stable isotopes', stable radiogenic isotopes, or unstable radioactive isotopes of particular elements in an investigated material.
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J. J. Thomson
Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle.
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John Fenn (chemist)
John Bennett Fenn (June 15, 1917December 10, 2010) was an American research professor of analytical chemistry who was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002.
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Kinetic energy
In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.
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Koichi Tanaka
is a Japanese engineer who shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules with John Bennett Fenn and Kurt Wüthrich (the latter for work in NMR spectroscopy).
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Laser spray ionization
Laser spray ionization refers to one of several methods for creating ions using a laser interacting with a spray of neutral particles or ablating material to create a plume of charged particles.
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Liquid
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.
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Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography (or HPLC) with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS).
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List of mass spectrometry acronyms
This is a compilation of initialisms and acronyms commonly used in mass spectrometry.
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List of mass spectrometry software
Mass spectrometry software is software used for data acquisition, analysis, or representation in mass spectrometry.
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Lorentz force
In physics (particularly in electromagnetism) the Lorentz force is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.
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Magnetic field
A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electrical currents and magnetized materials.
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Magnetosphere
A magnetosphere is the region of space surrounding an astronomical object in which charged particles are manipulated or affected by that object's magnetic field.
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Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
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Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury.
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Mass
Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied.
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Mass (mass spectrometry)
The mass recorded by a mass spectrometer can refer to different physical quantities depending on the characteristics of the instrument and the manner in which the mass spectrum is displayed.
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Mass chromatogram
A mass chromatogram is a representation of mass spectrometry data as a chromatogram, where the x-axis represents time and the y-axis represents signal intensity.
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Mass spectrometry imaging
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules, as biomarkers, metabolites, peptides or proteins by their molecular masses.
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Mass Spectrometry Reviews
Mass Spectrometry Reviews (usually abbreviated as Mass Spectrom. Rev.), is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1982 by John Wiley & Sons.
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Mass spectrum
A mass spectrum is an intensity vs.
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Mass-to-charge ratio
The mass-to-charge ratio (m/Q) is a physical quantity that is most widely used in the electrodynamics of charged particles, e.g. in electron optics and ion optics.
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
In mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy absorbing matrix to create ions from large molecules with minimal fragmentation.
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Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry
Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is a method of introducing analytes into the mass spectrometer's vacuum chamber via a semipermeable membrane.
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Metal
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Micro-arrays for mass spectrometry
Micro-arrays for mass spectrometry (MAMS); introduced by the group of Renato Zenobi in 2010, is an analytical platform for high-throughput analysis of single cells and other low-volume samples by mass spectrometry.
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Microchannel plate detector
A micro-channel plate (MCP) is a planar component used for detection of single particles (electrons, ions and neutrons) and low intensity impinging radiation (ultraviolet radiation and X-rays).
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Microdosing
Microdosing, or micro-dosing, is a technique for studying the behaviour of drugs in humans through the administration of doses so low ("sub-therapeutic") they are unlikely to produce whole-body effects, but high enough to allow the cellular response to be studied.
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Milli mass unit
The milli mass unit or (mmu) is used as a unit of mass by some scientific authors even though this unit is not defined by the IUPAP red book nor by the IUPAC green book.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Monoisotopic element
A monoisotopic element is one of 26 chemical elements which have only a single stable isotope (nuclide).
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Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry
Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS or nano secondary ion mass spectrometry) is a nanoscopic scale resolution chemical imaging mass spectrometer based on secondary ion mass spectrometry.
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Newton's laws of motion
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.
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Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.
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Oak Ridge, Tennessee
Oak Ridge is a city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, about west of Knoxville.
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Operating theater
An operating theater (also known as an operating room, operating suite, operation theatre, operation suite or OR) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment.
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Orbitrap
In mass spectrometry, Orbitrap is an ion trap mass analyzer consisting of an outer barrel-like electrode and a coaxial inner spindle-like electrode that traps ions in an orbital motion around the spindle.
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Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope, previously called an oscillograph, and informally known as a scope or o-scope, CRO (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO (for the more modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that allows observation of varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot of one or more signals as a function of time.
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Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
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Penning trap
A Penning trap is a device for the storage of charged particles using a homogeneous axial magnetic field and an inhomogeneous quadrupole electric field.
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Pepsin
Pepsin is an endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease).
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Peptide mass fingerprinting
Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) (also known as protein fingerprinting) is an analytical technique for protein identification in which the unknown protein of interest is first cleaved into smaller peptides, whose absolute masses can be accurately measured with a mass spectrometer such as MALDI-TOF or ESI-TOF.
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Phoenix (spacecraft)
Phoenix was a robotic spacecraft on a space exploration mission on Mars under the Mars Scout Program.
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Phosphor
A phosphor, most generally, is a substance that exhibits the phenomenon of luminescence.
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Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a capture medium in photography.
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Photoionization
Photoionization is the physical process in which an ion is formed from the interaction of a photon with an atom or molecule.
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Photosystem II
Photosystem II (or water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase) is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase or proteinase) is an enzyme that performs proteolysis: protein catabolism by hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
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Protein primary structure
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein.
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Protein sequencing
Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide.
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Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry
Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that uses gas phase hydronium ions as ion source reagents.
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Quadrupole
A quadrupole or quadrapole is one of a sequence of configurations of things like electric charge or current, or gravitational mass that can exist in ideal form, but it is usually just part of a multipole expansion of a more complex structure reflecting various orders of complexity.
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Quadrupole ion trap
A quadrupole ion trap is a type of ion trap that uses dynamic electric fields to trap charged particles.
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Quadrupole magnet
Quadrupole magnets, abbreviated as Q-magnets, consist of groups of four magnets laid out so that in the planar multipole expansion of the field, the dipole terms cancel and where the lowest significant terms in the field equations are quadrupole.
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Quadrupole mass analyzer
The quadrupole mass analyzer (QMS) is one type of mass analyzer used in mass spectrometry.
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Qualitative research
Qualitative research is a scientific method of observation to gather non-numerical data.
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Quantitative analysis (chemistry)
In analytical chemistry, quantitative analysis is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance (often expressed as a concentration) of one, several or all particular substance(s) present in a sample.
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Radio frequency
Radio frequency (RF) refers to oscillatory change in voltage or current in a circuit, waveguide or transmission line in the range extending from around twenty thousand times per second to around three hundred billion times per second, roughly between the upper limit of audio and the lower limit of infrared.
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Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
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Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry (RCM) is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1987 by John Wiley & Sons.
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Reflectron
A reflectron (mass reflectron) is a type of time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF MS) that comprises a pulsed ion source, field-free region, ion mirror, and ion detector and uses a static or time dependent electric field in the ion mirror to reverse the direction of travel of the ions entering it.
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Resolution (mass spectrometry)
In mass spectrometry, resolution measures of the ability to distinguish two peaks of slightly different mass-to-charge ratios ΔM, in a mass spectrum.
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Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.
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Secondary ion mass spectrometry
Secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces and thin films by sputtering the surface of the specimen with a focused primary ion beam and collecting and analyzing ejected secondary ions.
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Sector mass spectrometer
A sector instrument is a general term for a class of mass spectrometer that uses a static electric or magnetic sector or some combination of the two (separately in space) as a mass analyzer.
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Selected ion monitoring
Selected ion monitoring (SIM) is a mass spectrometry scanning mode in which only a limited mass-to-charge ratio range is transmitted/detected by the instrument, as opposed to the full spectrum range.
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Selected reaction monitoring
Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a method used in tandem mass spectrometry in which an ion of a particular mass is selected in the first stage of a tandem mass spectrometer and an ion product of a fragmentation reaction of the precursor ion is selected in the second mass spectrometer stage for detection.
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Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry
Selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a quantitative mass spectrometry technique for trace gas analysis which involves the chemical ionization of trace volatile compounds by selected positive precursor ions during a well-defined time period along a flow tube.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Soft laser desorption
Soft laser desorption is laser desorption of large molecules that results in ionization without fragmentation.
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Solid
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas, and plasma).
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Solution
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
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Solvent
A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.
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Southwest Research Institute
Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), headquartered in San Antonio, Texas, is one of the oldest and largest independent, nonprofit, applied research and development (R&D) organizations in the United States.
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Spark ionization
Spark ionization (also known as spark source ionization) is a method used to produce gas phase ions from a solid sample.
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Spectrograph
A spectrograph is an instrument that separates light into a frequency spectrum and records the signal using a camera.
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Spectroscopy
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation.
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Spectrum
A spectrum (plural spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without steps, across a continuum.
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Structure
Structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized.
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Synchrotron
A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path.
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Tandem mass spectrometry
Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, involves multiple steps of mass spectrometry selection, with some form of fragmentation occurring in between the stages.
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Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer
The Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) is a scientific instrument aboard the Phoenix spacecraft, a Mars lander which landed on operated on the planet Mars in 2008.
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Thermal ionization
Thermal ionization, also known as surface ionization or contact ionization, is a physical process whereby the atoms are desorbed from a hot surface, and in the process are spontaneously ionized.
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Thermospray
Thermospray is a soft ionization source by which a solvent flow of liquid sample passes through a very thin heated column to become a spray of fine liquid droplets.
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Time of flight
Time of flight (TOF) is a property of an object, particle or acoustic, electromagnetic or other wave.
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Time-resolved mass spectrometry
Time-resolved mass spectrometry (TRMS) is a strategy in analytical chemistry that uses mass spectrometry platform to collect data with temporal resolution.
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Titan (moon)
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn.
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Top-down proteomics
Top-down proteomics is a method of protein identification that uses an ion trapping mass spectrometer to store an isolated protein ion for mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
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Trypsin
Trypsin is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins.
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Unified atomic mass unit
The unified atomic mass unit or dalton (symbol: u, or Da) is a standard unit of mass that quantifies mass on an atomic or molecular scale (atomic mass).
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Urea breath test
The urea breath test is a rapid diagnostic procedure used to identify infections by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral bacterium implicated in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and peptic ulcer disease.
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Vapor
In physics a vapor (American) or vapour (British and Canadian) is a substance in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical temperature,R.
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Velocity
The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
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Viking program
The Viking program consisted of a pair of American space probes sent to Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2.
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Voltage
Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted or, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm's or Kirchhoff's circuit laws) is the difference in electric potential between two points.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Wilhelm Wien
Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.
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Wolfgang Paul
Wolfgang Paul (10 August 1913 – 7 December 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what is now called an ion trap.
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Y-12 National Security Complex
The Y-12 National Security Complex is a United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration facility located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry
