Table of Contents
404 relations: Abrasive, Access to Medicine Index, Access to medicines, ACE inhibitor, Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, ACT UP, Active ingredient, Adherence (medicine), Agricultural pollution, Al-Kindi, Alexis Carrel, Alkali, Alkalinizing agent, Allergy, Alpha blocker, Alpha-1 blocker, Alprazolam, Amebicide, Aminoglycoside, Amphetamine, Anabolic steroid, Analgesic, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, Ancient Egyptian medicine, Ancient Greek medicine, Androgen, Anesthetic, Angiotensin II receptor blocker, Antacid, Anthelmintic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-obesity medication, Antiandrogen, Antianginal, Antiarrhythmic agent, Antibiotic, Antibiotic use in livestock, Antibody, Anticholinergic, Anticoagulant, Anticonvulsant, Antidepressant, Antidiarrheal, Antidotarium Nicolai, Antiemetic, Antifibrinolytic, Antiflatulent, Antifungal, Antihemorrhagic, Antihistamine, ... Expand index (354 more) »
- Chemicals in medicine
- Products of chemical industry
Abrasive
An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away by friction.
Access to Medicine Index
The Access to Medicine Index is a ranking system published biennially since 2008 by the Access to Medicine Foundation, an international not-for-profit organisation based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
See Medication and Access to Medicine Index
Access to medicines
Access to medicines refers to the reasonable ability for people to get needed medicines required to achieve health.
See Medication and Access to medicines
ACE inhibitor
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure.
See Medication and ACE inhibitor
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) also often called cholinesterase inhibitors, inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase from breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetate, thereby increasing both the level and duration of action of acetylcholine in the central nervous system, autonomic ganglia and neuromuscular junctions, which are rich in acetylcholine receptors.
See Medication and Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
ACT UP
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) is an international, grassroots political group working to end the AIDS pandemic.
Active ingredient
An active ingredient is any ingredient that provides biologically active or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or to affect the structure or any function of the body of humans or animals.
See Medication and Active ingredient
Adherence (medicine)
In medicine, patient compliance (also adherence, capacitance) describes the degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice.
See Medication and Adherence (medicine)
Agricultural pollution
Agricultural pollution refers to biotic and abiotic byproducts of farming practices that result in contamination or degradation of the environment and surrounding ecosystems, and/or cause injury to humans and their economic interests.
See Medication and Agricultural pollution
Al-Kindi
Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus) was an Arab Muslim polymath active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist.
Alexis Carrel
Alexis Carrel (28 June 1873 – 5 November 1944) was a French surgeon and biologist who spent most of his scientific career in the United States.
See Medication and Alexis Carrel
Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (from lit) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
Alkalinizing agent
Alkalinizing agents are drugs used to manage disorders associated with low pH.
See Medication and Alkalinizing agent
Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.
Alpha blocker
Alpha-blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors).
See Medication and Alpha blocker
Alpha-1 blocker
Alpha-1 blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents or alpha-1 antagonists) constitute a variety of drugs that block the effect of catecholamines on alpha-1-adrenergic receptors.
See Medication and Alpha-1 blocker
Alprazolam
Alprazolam, sold under the brand name Xanax and others, is a fast-acting, potent tranquilizer of moderate duration within the triazolobenzodiazepine group of chemicals called benzodiazepines.
Amebicide
An amebicide (or amoebicide) is an agent that is destructive to amoeba, especially parasitic amoeba that cause amoebiasis.
Aminoglycoside
Aminoglycoside is a medicinal and bacteriologic category of traditional Gram-negative antibacterial medications that inhibit protein synthesis and contain as a portion of the molecule an amino-modified glycoside (sugar).
See Medication and Aminoglycoside
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
See Medication and Amphetamine
Anabolic steroid
Anabolic steroids, also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are a class of drugs that are structurally related to testosterone, the main male sex hormone, and produce effects by binding to the androgen receptor (AR).
See Medication and Anabolic steroid
Analgesic
An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management.
Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Medication and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System are drugs.
See Medication and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
Ancient Egyptian medicine
The medicine of the ancient Egyptians is some of the oldest documented.
See Medication and Ancient Egyptian medicine
Ancient Greek medicine
Ancient Greek medicine was a compilation of theories and practices that were constantly expanding through new ideologies and trials.
See Medication and Ancient Greek medicine
Androgen
An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
Anesthetic
An anesthetic (American English) or anaesthetic (British English; see spelling differences) is a drug used to induce anesthesia — in other words, to result in a temporary loss of sensation or awareness.
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), formally angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonists, also known as angiotensin receptor blockers, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, or AT1 receptor antagonists, are a group of pharmaceuticals that bind to and inhibit the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) and thereby block the arteriolar contraction and sodium retention effects of renin–angiotensin system.
See Medication and Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Antacid
An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion, or an upset stomach.
Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host.
See Medication and Anthelmintic
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-inflammatory or antiphlogistic is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.
See Medication and Anti-inflammatory
Anti-obesity medication
Anti-obesity medication or weight loss medications are pharmacological agents that reduce or control excess body fat.
See Medication and Anti-obesity medication
Antiandrogen
Antiandrogens, also known as androgen antagonists or testosterone blockers, are a class of drugs that prevent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from mediating their biological effects in the body.
See Medication and Antiandrogen
Antianginal
An antianginal is a drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease.
See Medication and Antianginal
Antiarrhythmic agent
Antiarrhythmic agents, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications, are a class of drugs that are used to suppress abnormally fast rhythms (tachycardias), such as atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia.
See Medication and Antiarrhythmic agent
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
Antibiotic use in livestock
Antibiotic use in livestock is the use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock, which includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis).
See Medication and Antibiotic use in livestock
Antibody
An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous.
Anticholinergic
Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central and peripheral nervous system.
See Medication and Anticholinergic
Anticoagulant
An anticoagulant, commonly known as a blood thinner, is a chemical substance that prevents or reduces the coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.
See Medication and Anticoagulant
Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsants (also known as antiepileptic drugs, antiseizure drugs, or anti-seizure medications (ASM)) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
See Medication and Anticonvulsant
Antidepressant
Antidepressants are a class of medications used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and addiction.
See Medication and Antidepressant
Antidiarrheal
An anti-diarrheal drug (or anti-diarrhoeal drug in British English) is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhea.
See Medication and Antidiarrheal
Antidotarium Nicolai
The Antidotarium Nicolai, also known as the Antidotarium parvum or small antidotarium, was a late 11th or early 12th-century Latin book with about 150 recipes for the creation of medicines from plants and minerals.
See Medication and Antidotarium Nicolai
Antiemetic
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea.
Antifibrinolytic
Antifibrinolytics are a class of medication that are inhibitors of fibrinolysis.
See Medication and Antifibrinolytic
Antiflatulent
An antiflatulent (or deflatulent) agent is a drug used for the alleviation or prevention of excessive intestinal gas, i.e., flatulence.
See Medication and Antiflatulent
Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.
Antihemorrhagic
An antihemorrhagic (antihaemorrhagic) agent are a substance that promotes hemostasis (stops bleeding).
See Medication and Antihemorrhagic
Antihistamine
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis, common cold, influenza, and other allergies.
See Medication and Antihistamine
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).
See Medication and Antihypertensive drug
Antileukotriene
An antileukotriene, also known as leukotriene modifier and leukotriene receptor antagonist, is a medication which functions as a leukotriene-related enzyme inhibitor (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) or leukotriene receptor antagonist (cysteinyl leukotriene receptors) and consequently opposes the function of these inflammatory mediators; leukotrienes are produced by the immune system and serve to promote bronchoconstriction, inflammation, microvascular permeability, and mucus secretion in asthma and COPD.
See Medication and Antileukotriene
Antimalarial medication
Antimalarial medications or simply antimalarials are a type of antiparasitic chemical agent, often naturally derived, that can be used to treat or to prevent malaria, in the latter case, most often aiming at two susceptible target groups, young children and pregnant women.
See Medication and Antimalarial medication
Antiplatelet drug
An antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant), also known as a platelet agglutination inhibitor or platelet aggregation inhibitor, is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation.
See Medication and Antiplatelet drug
Antiprotozoal
Antiprotozoal agents (ATC code: ATC P01) is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoan infection.
See Medication and Antiprotozoal
Antipruritic
Antipruritics, abirritants, or anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit the itching (Latin: pruritus) often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those from mosquitoes, fleas, and mites, and contact dermatitis and urticaria caused by plants such as poison ivy (urushiol-induced contact dermatitis) or stinging nettle.
See Medication and Antipruritic
Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics, previously known as neuroleptics and major tranquilizers, are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders.
See Medication and Antipsychotic
Antipyretic
An antipyretic (from anti- 'against' and 'feverish') is a substance that reduces fever.
See Medication and Antipyretic
Antiseptic
An antiseptic (lit and label) is an antimicrobial substance or compound that is applied to living tissue to reduce the possibility of sepsis, infection or putrefaction.
Antispasmodic
An antispasmodic (synonym: spasmolytic) is a pharmaceutical drug or other agent that suppresses muscle spasms.
See Medication and Antispasmodic
Antitoxin
An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.
Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used for treating viral infections.
See Medication and Antiviral drug
Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety.
Aromatase inhibitor
Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are a class of drugs used in the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal women and in men, and gynecomastia in men.
See Medication and Aromatase inhibitor
Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, fever, and/or inflammation, and as an antithrombotic.
Assisted suicide
Assisted suicide means a procedure in which people take medications to end their own lives with the help of others, usually medical professionals.
See Medication and Assisted suicide
Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry
The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) is the trade association for over 120 companies in the UK producing prescription medicines for humans, founded in 1891.
See Medication and Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry
Astringent
An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. Medication and astringent are drugs.
Atharvaveda
The Atharvaveda or Atharva Veda (अथर्ववेद,, from अथर्वन्, and वेद, "knowledge") or Atharvana Veda (अथर्वणवेद) is the "knowledge storehouse of atharvāṇas, the procedures for everyday life".
See Medication and Atharvaveda
Avicenna
Ibn Sina (translit; – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna, was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers.
Ayurveda
Ayurveda is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent.
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Barbiturate
Barbiturates are a class of depressant drugs that are chemically derived from barbituric acid.
See Medication and Barbiturate
Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BDZ, BZs), colloquially called "benzos", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
See Medication and Benzodiazepine
Beta blocker
Beta blockers, also spelled β-blockers, are a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia), and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
See Medication and Beta blocker
Beta-adrenergic agonist
Beta adrenergic agonists or beta agonists are medications that relax muscles of the airways, causing widening of the airways and resulting in easier breathing.
See Medication and Beta-adrenergic agonist
Beta2-adrenergic agonist
Beta2-adrenergic agonists, also known as adrenergic β2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β2 adrenergic receptor.
See Medication and Beta2-adrenergic agonist
Biguanide
Biguanide is the organic compound with the formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2.
Bile acid sequestrant
The bile acid sequestrants are a group of resins used to bind certain components of bile in the gastrointestinal tract.
See Medication and Bile acid sequestrant
Binding selectivity
In chemistry, binding selectivity is defined with respect to the binding of ligands to a substrate forming a complex.
See Medication and Binding selectivity
Bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation is the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism.
See Medication and Bioaccumulation
Bioavailability
In pharmacology, bioavailability is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (%) of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation.
See Medication and Bioavailability
Biological half-life
Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (Cmax) to half of Cmax in the blood plasma.
See Medication and Biological half-life
Biological system
A biological system is a complex network which connects several biologically relevant entities.
See Medication and Biological system
Biological target
A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function.
See Medication and Biological target
BioMarin Pharmaceutical
BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc. is an American biotechnology company headquartered in San Rafael, California.
See Medication and BioMarin Pharmaceutical
Biopharmaceutical
A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biological medical product, or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources. Medication and biopharmaceutical are pharmaceutical industry.
See Medication and Biopharmaceutical
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services.
See Medication and Biotechnology
Bisphosphonate
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases.
See Medication and Bisphosphonate
Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
See Medication and Blood pressure
Blood product
A blood product is any therapeutic substance prepared from human blood.
See Medication and Blood product
Bolus (medicine)
In medicine, a bolus (from Latin bolus, ball) is the administration of a discrete amount of medication, drug, or other compound within a specific time, generally 1–30 minutes, to raise its concentration in blood to an effective level.
See Medication and Bolus (medicine)
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Medication and Brill Publishers
Bronchodilator
A bronchodilator or broncholytic (although the latter occasionally includes secretory inhibition as well) is a substance that dilates the bronchi and bronchioles, decreasing resistance in the respiratory airway and increasing airflow to the lungs.
See Medication and Bronchodilator
Buccal administration
Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.
See Medication and Buccal administration
Burn
A burn is an injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or ultraviolet radiation (such as sunburn).
Caister Academic Press
Caister Academic Press is an independent academic publishing company that produces books and ebooks on microbiology and molecular biology.
See Medication and Caister Academic Press
Calcitonin
Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body.
Calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium through calcium channels.
See Medication and Calcium channel blocker
Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines
The Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines is an international campaign started by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) to increase the availability of essential medicines in developing countries.
See Medication and Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines
Cannabinoid
Cannabinoids are several structural classes of compounds found in the cannabis plant primarily and most animal organisms (although insects lack such receptors) or as synthetic compounds.
See Medication and Cannabinoid
Capsule (pharmacy)
In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, encapsulation refers to a range of dosage forms—techniques used to enclose medicines—in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories. Medication and capsule (pharmacy) are pharmaceutical industry.
See Medication and Capsule (pharmacy)
Cardiac glycoside
Cardiac glycosides are a class of organic compounds that increase the output force of the heart and decrease its rate of contractions by inhibiting the cellular sodium-potassium ATPase pump.
See Medication and Cardiac glycoside
Cell therapy
Cell therapy (also called cellular therapy, cell transplantation, or cytotherapy) is a therapy in which viable cells are injected, grafted or implanted into a patient in order to effectuate a medicinal effect, for example, by transplanting T-cells capable of fighting cancer cells via cell-mediated immunity in the course of immunotherapy, or grafting stem cells to regenerate diseased tissues.
See Medication and Cell therapy
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.
See Medication and Central nervous system
Chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.
See Medication and Chemical compound
Chemical library
A chemical library or compound library is a collection of stored chemicals usually used ultimately in high-throughput screening or industrial manufacture.
See Medication and Chemical library
Chemical property
A chemical property is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity.
See Medication and Chemical property
Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products.
See Medication and Chemical synthesis
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen.
See Medication and Chemotherapy
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide, trade name Librium among others, is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class; it is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines, and other drugs.
See Medication and Chlordiazepoxide
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed under the brand names Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
See Medication and Chlorpromazine
Cholinergic
Cholinergic agents are compounds which mimic the action of acetylcholine and/or butyrylcholine.
See Medication and Cholinergic
Cimetidine
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production.
Classical pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, classical pharmacology, also known as forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), relies on phenotypic screening (screening in intact cells or whole organisms) of chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect.
See Medication and Classical pharmacology
Classification
Classification is usually understood to mean the allocation of objects to certain pre-existing classes or categories.
See Medication and Classification
Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals
The Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals (CPR) is a taxonomy focused on defining and grouping together situations requiring a referral from pharmacists to physicians (and vice versa) regarding the pharmacotherapy used by the patients.
See Medication and Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals
Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health.
See Medication and Clinical research
Clinical trial
Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel vaccines, drugs, dietary choices, dietary supplements, and medical devices) and known interventions that warrant further study and comparison.
See Medication and Clinical trial
Clomifene
Clomifene, also known as clomiphene, is a medication used to treat infertility in women who do not ovulate, including those with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Coagulation
Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
See Medication and Coagulation
Codeine
Codeine is an opiate and prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.
Cold medicine
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract.
See Medication and Cold medicine
Compulsory license
A compulsory license provides that the owner of a patent or copyright licenses the use of their rights against payment either set by law or determined through some form of adjudication or arbitration.
See Medication and Compulsory license
Concentration
In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
See Medication and Concentration
Conjugated estrogens
Conjugated estrogens (CEs), or conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs), sold under the brand name Premarin among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and for various other indications.
See Medication and Conjugated estrogens
Contraindication
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition (a situation or factor) that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
See Medication and Contraindication
Contrast agent
A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging.
See Medication and Contrast agent
Controlled substance
A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession and use is regulated by a government, such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated by law.
See Medication and Controlled substance
Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.
See Medication and Corticosteroid
Cream (pharmacy)
A cream is a preparation usually for application to the skin.
See Medication and Cream (pharmacy)
Cure
A cure is a substance or procedure that ends a medical condition, such as a medication, a surgical operation, a change in lifestyle or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person's sufferings; or the state of being healed, or cured. Medication and cure are drugs.
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2 inhibitors), also known as coxibs, are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly target cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.
See Medication and Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor
Cycloplegia
Cycloplegia is paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation.
See Medication and Cycloplegia
Cyclopyrrolones
Cyclopyrrolones are a family of hypnotic and anxiolytic nonbenzodiazepine drugs with similar pharmacological profiles to the benzodiazepine derivatives.
See Medication and Cyclopyrrolones
Cytoprotection
Cytoprotection is a process by which chemical compounds provide protection to cells against harmful agents.
See Medication and Cytoprotection
De Gradibus
De Gradibus was an Arabic book published by the Arab physician Al-Kindi (c. 801–873 CE).
See Medication and De Gradibus
De materia medica
De materia medica (Latin name for the Greek work Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς,, both meaning "On Medical Material") is a pharmacopoeia of medicinal plants and the medicines that can be obtained from them.
See Medication and De materia medica
Decongestant
A decongestant, or nasal decongestant, is a type of pharmaceutical drug that is used to relieve nasal congestion in the upper respiratory tract.
See Medication and Decongestant
Delphi method
The Delphi method or Delphi technique (also known as Estimate-Talk-Estimate or ETE) is a structured communication technique or method, originally developed as a systematic, interactive forecasting method that relies on a panel of experts.
See Medication and Delphi method
Deodorant
A deodorant is a substance applied to the body to prevent or mask body odor caused by bacterial breakdown of perspiration, for example in the armpits, groin, or feet.
Deprescribing
Deprescribing is a process of tapering or stopping medications to achieve improved health outcomes by reducing exposure to medications that are potentially either harmful or no longer required. Medication and Deprescribing are drugs.
See Medication and Deprescribing
Dermis
The dermis or corium is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the cutis) and subcutaneous tissues, that primarily consists of dense irregular connective tissue and cushions the body from stress and strain.
Diabetes medication
Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood.
See Medication and Diabetes medication
Diagnosis
Diagnosis (diagnoses) is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon.
Diazepam
Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic.
Dietary supplement
A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person's diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid.
See Medication and Dietary supplement
Diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is a nonsteroidal estrogen medication, which is presently rarely used.
See Medication and Diethylstilbestrol
Digoxin
Digoxin (better known as Digitalis), sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions.
Disease-modifying treatment
A disease-modifying treatment, disease-modifying drug, or disease-modifying therapy is a treatment that delays, slows or reverses the progression of a disease by targeting its underlying cause.
See Medication and Disease-modifying treatment
Dispensary
A dispensary is an office in a school, hospital, industrial plant, or other organization that dispenses medications, medical supplies, and in some cases even medical and dental treatment.
Diuretic
A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.
Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health
The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health was adopted by the WTO Ministerial Conference of 2001 in Doha on November 14, 2001.
See Medication and Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health
Dopamine agonist
A dopamine agonist is a compound that activates dopamine receptors.
See Medication and Dopamine agonist
Dopamine antagonist
A dopamine antagonist, also known as an anti-dopaminergic and a dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA), is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism.
See Medication and Dopamine antagonist
Dosage form
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose.
See Medication and Dosage form
Drug
A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Medication and drug are drugs.
Drug class
A drug class is a group of medications and other compounds that have similar chemical structures, the same mechanism of action (i.e. binding to the same biological target), similar modes of action, and/or are used to treat the similar diseases.
Drug delivery
Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, manufacturing techniques, storage systems, and technologies involved in transporting a pharmaceutical compound to its target site to achieve a desired therapeutic effect.
See Medication and Drug delivery
Drug design
Drug design, often referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target.
See Medication and Drug design
Drug development
Drug development is the process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified through the process of drug discovery. Medication and drug development are pharmaceutical industry.
See Medication and Drug development
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Medication and drug discovery are pharmaceutical industry.
See Medication and Drug discovery
Drug nomenclature
Drug nomenclature is the systematic naming of drugs, especially pharmaceutical drugs. Medication and drug nomenclature are pharmaceutical industry.
See Medication and Drug nomenclature
Ear
An ear is the organ that enables hearing and (in mammals) body balance using the vestibular system.
Ear drop
Ear drops are a form of topical medication for the ears used to treat infection, inflammation, impacted ear wax and local anesthesia.
Efficacy
Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree.
Effluent
Effluent is wastewater from sewers or industrial outfalls that flows directly into surface waters, either untreated or after being treated at a facility.
Egyptian medical papyri
Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt.
See Medication and Egyptian medical papyri
Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a medium containing ions that are electrically conductive through the movement of those ions, but not conducting electrons.
See Medication and Electrolyte
Elixir sulfanilamide
Elixir sulfanilamide was an improperly prepared sulfonamide antibiotic that caused mass poisoning in the United States in 1937.
See Medication and Elixir sulfanilamide
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Medication and Encyclopædia Britannica
Enteral administration
Enteral administration is food or drug administration via the human gastrointestinal tract.
See Medication and Enteral administration
Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant
The term environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants (EPPP) was first suggested in the nomination in 2010 of pharmaceuticals and environment as an emerging issue in a Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management (SAICM) by the International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE).
See Medication and Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant
Erythropoietin
Erythropoietin (EPO), also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
See Medication and Erythropoietin
Essential medicines
Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are the medicines that "satisfy the priority health care needs of the population".
See Medication and Essential medicines
Estrogen
Estrogen (oestrogen; see spelling differences) is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.
Estuary
An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.
Eugeroic
Eugeroics (originally "eugrégorique" or "eugregoric"), also known as wakefulness-promoting agents and wakefulness-promoting drugs, are a class of drugs that promote wakefulness and alertness.
Euthanasia
Euthanasia (from lit: label + label) is the practice of intentionally ending life to eliminate pain and suffering.
Expanded access
Expanded access or compassionate use is the use of an unapproved drug or medical device under special forms of investigational new drug applications (IND) or IDE application for devices, outside of a clinical trial, by people with serious or life-threatening conditions who do not meet the enrollment criteria for the clinical trial in progress.
See Medication and Expanded access
Extract
An extract (essence) is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol, oil or water.
Eye drop
Eye drops or eyedrops are liquid drops applied directly to the surface of the eye usually in small amounts such as a single drop or a few drops.
Factor VIII
Coagulation factor VIII (Factor VIII, FVIII, also known as anti-hemophilic factor (AHF)) is an essential blood clotting protein.
See Medication and Factor VIII
Fertility medication
Fertility medications, also known as fertility drugs, are medications which enhance reproductive fertility.
See Medication and Fertility medication
Fibrinolysis
Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic.
See Medication and Fibrinolysis
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone.
See Medication and Follicle-stimulating hormone
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.
See Medication and Food and Drug Administration
Food web
A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.
Formulary (pharmacy)
A formulary is a list of pharmaceutical drugs, often decided upon by a group of people, for various reasons such as insurance coverage or use at a medical facility.
See Medication and Formulary (pharmacy)
Gamma-Linolenic acid
gamma-Linolenic acid or GLA (γ-linolenic acid) (INN: gamolenic acid) is an ''n''−6, or omega-6, fatty acid found primarily in seed oils.
See Medication and Gamma-Linolenic acid
Gangrene
Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.
Garcia de Orta
Garcia de Orta (or Garcia d'Orta; 1501–1568) was a Portuguese physician, herbalist, and naturalist, who worked primarily in Goa and Bombay in Portuguese India.
See Medication and Garcia de Orta
Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans and other animals, including the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
See Medication and Gastrointestinal tract
Gene therapy
Gene therapy is a medical technology that aims to produce a therapeutic effect through the manipulation of gene expression or through altering the biological properties of living cells.
See Medication and Gene therapy
Generic drug
A generic drug (or simply generic) is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical patents. Medication and generic drug are pharmaceutical industry.
See Medication and Generic drug
Genitourinary system
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the sex organs of the reproductive system and the organs of the urinary system.
See Medication and Genitourinary system
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain.
Gonadorelin
Gonadorelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) which is used in fertility medicine and to treat amenorrhea and hypogonadism.
See Medication and Gonadorelin
Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein hormones secreted by gonadotropic cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.
See Medication and Gonadotropin
Gonadotropin release inhibitor
The hormone of gonadotropins secreted by the anterior hypophyse gland effects on the gonads and play a crucial role in the process of gonadal development and function in vertebrates.
See Medication and Gonadotropin release inhibitor
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary.
See Medication and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Growth hormone
Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.
See Medication and Growth hormone
Guernica (magazine)
Guernica / A Magazine of Art and Politics is an American online magazine that publishes art, photography, fiction, and poetry, along with nonfiction such as letters, investigative pieces, and opinion pieces on international affairs and U.S. domestic policy.
See Medication and Guernica (magazine)
H2 receptor antagonist
H2 antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RAs and also called H2 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the histamine H2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach.
See Medication and H2 receptor antagonist
Health Affairs
Health Affairs is a monthly peer-reviewed healthcare journal established in 1981 by John K. Iglehart; since 2014, the editor-in-chief is Alan Weil.
See Medication and Health Affairs
Heinrich von Staden (historian)
Heinrich von Staden (born 1939) is a South African historian and classical scholar who has written several books and hundreds of articles and encyclopedia entries on ancient medicine, ancient philosophy, the history of science, and comparative literature.
See Medication and Heinrich von Staden (historian)
Henry Drysdale Dakin
Henry Drysdale Dakin FRS (12 March 188010 February 1952) was an English chemist.
See Medication and Henry Drysdale Dakin
Heparin
Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan.
High-throughput screening
High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific discovery especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology, materials science and chemistry.
See Medication and High-throughput screening
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
Hippocratic Oath
The Hippocratic Oath is an oath of ethics historically taken by physicians.
See Medication and Hippocratic Oath
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees.
Hormonal contraception
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system.
See Medication and Hormonal contraception
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
Hormone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause.
See Medication and Hormone replacement therapy
Hormone therapy
Hormone therapy or hormonal therapy is the use of hormones in medical treatment.
See Medication and Hormone therapy
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
See Medication and Human genome
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.
See Medication and Human Genome Project
Hypnotic
Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep (or surgical anesthesiaWhen used in anesthesia to produce and maintain unconsciousness, "sleep" is metaphorical as there are no regular sleep stages or cyclical natural states; patients rarely recover from anesthesia feeling refreshed and with renewed energy.
Imatinib
Imatinib, sold under the brand names Gleevec and Glivec (both marketed worldwide by Novartis) among others, is an oral targeted therapy medication used to treat cancer.
Imidazole
Imidazole (ImH) is an organic compound with the formula C3N2H4.
Immunoglobulin therapy
Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies (normal human immunoglobulin) to treat several health conditions.
See Medication and Immunoglobulin therapy
Immunology
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms.
Immunosuppressive drug
Immunosuppressive drugs, also known as immunosuppressive agents, immunosuppressants and antirejection medications, are drugs that inhibit or prevent the activity of the immune system.
See Medication and Immunosuppressive drug
Industrial water treatment
There are many uses of water in industry and, in most cases, the used water also needs treatment to render it fit for re-use or disposal.
See Medication and Industrial water treatment
Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
See Medication and Inflammation
Injection (medicine)
An injection (often and usually referred to as a "shot" in US English, a "jab" in UK English, or a "jag" in Scottish English and Scots) is the act of administering a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe.
See Medication and Injection (medicine)
Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (INS) gene.
Intellectual property
Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect.
See Medication and Intellectual property
Interferon
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses.
Interleukin
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells.
See Medication and Interleukin
International Narcotics Control Board
The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) is an independent treaty body, one of the four treaty-mandated bodies under international drug control law (alongside the Commission on Narcotic Drugs, UNODC on behalf of the Secretary-General, and the WHO).
See Medication and International Narcotics Control Board
Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.
See Medication and Intravenous therapy
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin juris 'law' + dictio 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice.
See Medication and Jurisdiction
Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus
The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (also Petrie Medical Papyrus, Kahun Medical Papyrus, Lahun Medical Papyrus, or UC32057) is the oldest known medical text in Egyptian history, dated to 1825 BCE, during the Twelfth Dynasty.
See Medication and Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus
Keratolytic
Keratolytic therapy is a type of medical treatment to remove warts, calluses and other lesions in which the epidermis produces excess skin.
See Medication and Keratolytic
Lake
A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.
Laxative
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements.
Leprostatic agent
A leprostatic agent is a drug that interferes with proliferation of the bacterium that causes leprosy.
See Medication and Leprostatic agent
Lipid-lowering agent
Lipid-lowering agents, also sometimes referred to as hypolipidemic agents, cholesterol-lowering drugs, or antihyperlipidemic agents are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used to lower the level of lipids and lipoproteins, such as cholesterol, in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
See Medication and Lipid-lowering agent
List of pharmaceutical companies
This listing is limited to those independent companies and subsidiaries notable enough to have their own articles in Wikipedia.
See Medication and List of pharmaceutical companies
Lists of drugs
There are many hundreds of thousands of possible drugs.
See Medication and Lists of drugs
Lithium (medication)
Certain lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are used as psychiatric medication, primarily for bipolar disorder and for major depressive disorder.
See Medication and Lithium (medication)
Local anesthetic
A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes unconsciousness.
See Medication and Local anesthetic
Lovastatin
Lovastatin, sold under the brand name Mevacor among others, is a statin medication, to treat high blood cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as luteinising hormone, lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
See Medication and Luteinizing hormone
Magnesium (medical use)
Magnesium salts are available as a medication in a number of formulations.
See Medication and Magnesium (medical use)
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Management of tuberculosis
Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.
See Medication and Management of tuberculosis
Mast cell
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.
Mast cell stabilizer
Mast cell stabilizers are medications used to prevent or treat certain allergic disorders.
See Medication and Mast cell stabilizer
Médecins Sans Frontières
italic (MSF; pronounced), also known as Doctors Without Borders, is a charity that provides humanitarian medical care. It is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases.
See Medication and Médecins Sans Frontières
Medical diagnosis
Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx, Dx, or Ds) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs.
See Medication and Medical diagnosis
Medical error
A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care ("iatrogenesis"), whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient.
See Medication and Medical error
Medical guideline
A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline, standard treatment guideline, or clinical practice guideline) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment in specific areas of healthcare.
See Medication and Medical guideline
Medical prescription
A prescription, often abbreviated or Rx, is a formal communication from a physician or other registered healthcare professional to a pharmacist, authorizing them to dispense a specific prescription drug for a specific patient.
See Medication and Medical prescription
Medical research
Medical research (or biomedical research), also known as health research, refers to the process of using scientific methods with the aim to produce knowledge about human diseases, the prevention and treatment of illness, and the promotion of health.
See Medication and Medical research
Medicare Part D
Medicare Part D, also called the Medicare prescription drug benefit, is an optional United States federal-government program to help Medicare beneficiaries pay for self-administered prescription drugs.
See Medication and Medicare Part D
Medication costs
Medication costs, also known as drug costs are a common health care cost for many people and health care systems.
See Medication and Medication costs
Medicinal chemistry
Medicinal or pharmaceutical chemistry is a scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy involved with designing and developing pharmaceutical drugs.
See Medication and Medicinal chemistry
Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health.
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
In the history of medicine, "Islamic medicine" Also known as "Arabian medicine" is the science of medicine developed in the Middle East, and usually written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization.
See Medication and Medicine in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval medicine of Western Europe
In the Middle Ages, the medicine of Western Europe was composed of a mixture of existing ideas from antiquity.
See Medication and Medieval medicine of Western Europe
Meprobamate
Meprobamate—marketed as Miltown by Wallace Laboratories and Equanil by Wyeth, among others—is a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug.
See Medication and Meprobamate
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Metformin
Metformin, sold under the brand name Glucophage, among others, is the main first-line medication for the treatment of typenbsp2 diabetes, particularly in people who are overweight.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate, sold under the brand names Ritalin and Concerta among others, is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used medically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and, to a lesser extent, narcolepsy.
See Medication and Methylphenidate
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
See Medication and Microorganism
Miosis
Miosis, or myosis, is excessive constriction of the pupil.
Moisturizer
A moisturizer, or emollient, is a cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin.
See Medication and Moisturizer
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).
See Medication and Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoclonal antibody
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell.
See Medication and Monoclonal antibody
Monoclonal antibody therapy
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have varied therapeutic uses.
See Medication and Monoclonal antibody therapy
Mood stabilizer
A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, such as bipolar disorder and the bipolar type of schizoaffective disorder.
See Medication and Mood stabilizer
Morphine
Morphine, formerly also called morphia, is an opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum).
Mucoactive agent
Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea.
See Medication and Mucoactive agent
Muscle relaxant
A muscle relaxant is a drug that affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone.
See Medication and Muscle relaxant
Musculoskeletal disorder
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injuries or pain in the human musculoskeletal system, including the joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support limbs, neck and back.
See Medication and Musculoskeletal disorder
Mydriasis
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.
Nasal administration
Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.
See Medication and Nasal administration
National Cancer Institute
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) coordinates the United States National Cancer Program and is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
See Medication and National Cancer Institute
National Health Service
The National Health Service (NHS) is the umbrella term for the publicly funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom, comprising the NHS in England, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales.
See Medication and National Health Service
National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority
The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is a government regulatory agency that controls the prices of pharmaceutical drugs in India.
See Medication and National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority
Natural product
A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.
See Medication and Natural product
Neuromuscular drug
Neuromuscular drugs are chemical agents that are used to alter the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles, causing effects such as temporary paralysis of targeted skeletal muscles.
See Medication and Neuromuscular drug
New chemical entity
A new chemical entity (NCE) is, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a novel, small, chemical molecule drug that is undergoing clinical trials or has received a first approval (not a new use) by the FDA in any other application submitted under section 505(b) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
See Medication and New chemical entity
Nitrate
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the chemical formula.
Nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin (NG) (alternative spelling of nitroglycerine), also known as trinitroglycerol (TNG), nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a dense, colorless or pale yellow, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.
See Medication and Nitroglycerin
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, decreases inflammation, decreases fever, and prevents blood clots.
See Medication and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nootropic
Nootropics (or; but not or, which are common mispronunciations), colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.
Nosology
Nosology is the branch of medical science that deals with the classification of diseases.
Novartis
Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland.
Novartis v. Union of India & Others
Novartis v. Union of India & Others is a landmark decision by a two-judge bench of the Indian Supreme Court on the issue of whether Novartis could patent Gleevec in India, and was the culmination of a seven-year-long litigation fought by Novartis.
See Medication and Novartis v. Union of India & Others
Nursing
Nursing is a health care profession that "integrates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and human functioning; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing; and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence".
Off-label use
Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.
See Medication and Off-label use
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. (August 29, 1809 – October 7, 1894) was an American physician, poet, and polymath based in Boston.
See Medication and Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
Ophthalmic drug administration
Ophthalmic drug administration is the administration of a drug to the eyes, most typically as an eye drop formulation.
See Medication and Ophthalmic drug administration
Opioid
Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant.
Opium
Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.
Oral administration
| name.
See Medication and Oral administration
Oral contraceptive pill
Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control.
See Medication and Oral contraceptive pill
Ormeloxifene
Ormeloxifene, also known as centchroman, is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators, or SERMs, a class of medication which acts on the estrogen receptor.
See Medication and Ormeloxifene
Orphan drug
An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that is developed to treat certain rare medical conditions.
See Medication and Orphan drug
Over-the-counter drug
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription. Medication and Over-the-counter drug are drugs.
See Medication and Over-the-counter drug
Overmedication
Overmedication describes the excessive use of over-the-counter or precription medicines for a person. Medication and Overmedication are drugs.
See Medication and Overmedication
Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
Parasympatholytic
A parasympatholytic agent is a substance or activity that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.
See Medication and Parasympatholytic
Parasympathomimetic drug
A parasympathomimetic drug, sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).
See Medication and Parasympathomimetic drug
Parenteral nutrition
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the feeding of nutritional products to a person intravenously, bypassing the usual process of eating and digestion.
See Medication and Parenteral nutrition
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of mainly the central nervous system that affects both the motor and non-motor systems of the body.
See Medication and Parkinson's disease
Pedanius Dioscorides
Pedanius Dioscorides (Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης,; 40–90 AD), "the father of pharmacognosy", was a Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, and author of (On Medical Material), a 5-volume Greek encyclopedia about herbal medicine and related medicinal substances (a pharmacopeia), that was widely read for more than 1,500 years.
See Medication and Pedanius Dioscorides
Penicillin
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens.
Pharmaceutical code
Pharmaceutical codes are used in medical classification to uniquely identify medication.
See Medication and Pharmaceutical code
Pharmaceutical industry
The pharmaceutical industry is an industry involved in medicine that discovers, develops, produces, and markets pharmaceutical goods for use as drugs that function by being administered to (or self-administered by) patients using such medications with the goal of curing and/or preventing disease (as well as possibly alleviating symptoms of illness and/or injury).
See Medication and Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceutical marketing
Pharmaceutical marketing is a branch of marketing science and practice focused on the communication, differential positioning and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, like specialist drugs, biotech drugs and over-the-counter drugs.
See Medication and Pharmaceutical marketing
Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the science of drugs and medications, including a substance's origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.
See Medication and Pharmacology
Pharmacopoeia
A pharmacopoeia, pharmacopeia, or pharmacopoea (from the obsolete typography pharmacopœia, meaning "drug-making"), in its modern technical sense, is a book containing directions for the identification of compound medicines, and published by the authority of a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society.
See Medication and Pharmacopoeia
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).
See Medication and Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacy
Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medicines.
Pharmacy technician
A pharmacy technician performs pharmacy-related functions.
See Medication and Pharmacy technician
Physician assistant
A Physician Assistant or Physician Associate (PA) is a type of healthcare professional.
See Medication and Physician assistant
Placebo
A placebo is a substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value.
Polyene
In organic chemistry, polyenes are poly-unsaturated, organic compounds that contain at least three alternating double and single carbon–carbon bonds.
Polypharmacy
Polypharmacy (polypragmasia) is an umbrella term to describe the simultaneous use of multiple medicines by a patient for their conditions.
See Medication and Polypharmacy
Potency (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity.
See Medication and Potency (pharmacology)
Pravastatin
Pravastatin, sold under the brand name Pravachol among others, is a statin medication, used for preventing cardiovascular disease in those at high risk and treating abnormal lipids.
See Medication and Pravastatin
Prehistoric medicine
Prehistoric medicine is any use of medicine from before the invention of writing and the documented history of medicine.
See Medication and Prehistoric medicine
Prescription drug
A prescription drug (also prescription medication, prescription medicine or prescription-only medication) is a pharmaceutical drug that is permitted to be dispensed only to those with a medical prescription.
See Medication and Prescription drug
Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare, or prophylaxis, is the application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases.
See Medication and Preventive healthcare
Progestogen
Progestogens, also sometimes written progestins, progestagens or gestagens, are a class of natural or synthetic steroid hormones that bind to and activate the progesterone receptors (PR).
See Medication and Progestogen
Prohibition
Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
See Medication and Prohibition
Prostaglandin
Prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds called eicosanoids that have diverse hormone-like effects in animals.
See Medication and Prostaglandin
Prostaglandin analogue
Prostaglandin analogues are a class of drugs that bind to a prostaglandin receptor.
See Medication and Prostaglandin analogue
Prostaglandin inhibitors
Prostaglandin inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin in human body.
See Medication and Prostaglandin inhibitors
Proteolysis
Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.
See Medication and Proteolysis
Proton-pump inhibitor
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a class of medications that cause a profound and prolonged reduction of stomach acid production.
See Medication and Proton-pump inhibitor
Psychedelic drug
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness".
See Medication and Psychedelic drug
Quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis.
Quinolone
Quinolone may refer to.
Quinolone antibiotic
Quinolone antibiotics constitute a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure related to the substance 4-quinolone.
See Medication and Quinolone antibiotic
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
See Medication and Recombinant DNA
Reflux suppressant
A reflux suppressant is any one of a number of drugs used to combat oesophageal reflux.
See Medication and Reflux suppressant
Reserpine
Reserpine is a drug that is used for the treatment of high blood pressure, usually in combination with a thiazide diuretic or vasodilator.
Retinoid
The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it.
Reverse pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target thought to be disease modifying will have beneficial therapeutic effects.
See Medication and Reverse pharmacology
River
A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.
Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Medication and route of administration are drugs.
See Medication and Route of administration
Scabies
Scabies (also sometimes known as the seven-year itch) is a contagious human skin infestation by the tiny (0.2–0.45 mm) mite Sarcoptes scabiei, variety hominis.
Seawater
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean.
Sedative
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and other psychological conditions.
See Medication and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Serendipity
Serendipity is an unplanned fortunate discovery.
See Medication and Serendipity
Serotonin receptor antagonist
A serotonin antagonist, or serotonin receptor antagonist, is a drug used to inhibit the action of serotonin and serotonergic drugs at serotonin (5-HT) receptors.
See Medication and Serotonin receptor antagonist
Sewage treatment
Sewage treatment (or domestic wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater treatment) is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable to discharge to the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges.
See Medication and Sewage treatment
Sex hormone
Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids, gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors.
See Medication and Sex hormone
Sildenafil
Sildenafil, sold under the brand name Viagra, among others, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Simvastatin
Simvastatin, sold under the brand name Zocor among others, is a statin, a type of lipid-lowering medication.
See Medication and Simvastatin
Small molecule
In molecular biology and pharmacology, a small molecule or micromolecule is a low molecular weight (≤ 1000 daltons) organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm.
See Medication and Small molecule
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.
Spermicide
Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that destroys sperm, inserted vaginally prior to intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
Statin
Statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are a class of medications that reduce illness and mortality in people who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Stem cell
In multicellular organisms, stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that can change into various types of cells and proliferate indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell.
Stimulant
Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase the activity of the brain.
Stream
A stream is a continuous body of surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.
Sublingual administration
Sublingual (abbreviated SL), from the Latin for "under the tongue", refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which substances diffuse into the blood through tissues under the tongue.
See Medication and Sublingual administration
Sulfonamide (medicine)
Sulfonamide is a functional group (a part of a molecule) that is the basis of several groups of drugs, which are called sulphonamides, sulfa drugs or sulpha drugs.
See Medication and Sulfonamide (medicine)
Sulfonylurea
Sulfonylureas or sulphonylureas are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture.
See Medication and Sulfonylurea
Sunscreen
Sunscreen, also known as sunblock, sun lotion or sun cream, is a photoprotective topical product for the skin that helps protect against sunburn and prevent skin cancer.
Sympathomimetic drug
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system.
See Medication and Sympathomimetic drug
Tablet (pharmacy)
A tablet (also known as a pill) is a pharmaceutical oral dosage form (oral solid dosage, or OSD) or solid unit dosage form.
See Medication and Tablet (pharmacy)
Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and men.
Tar
Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation.
Tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips.
See Medication and Tardive dyskinesia
The Canon of Medicine
The Canon of Medicine (al-Qānūn fī l-ṭibb; Qānun dar Teb; Canon Medicinae) is an encyclopedia of medicine in five books compiled by Muslim Persian physician-philosopher Avicenna (ابن سینا, ibn Sina) and completed in 1025.
See Medication and The Canon of Medicine
Theodoric Borgognoni
Theodoric Borgognoni (1205 – 1296/8), also known as Teodorico de' Borgognoni, and Theodoric of Lucca, was an Italian who became one of the most significant surgeons of the medieval period.
See Medication and Theodoric Borgognoni
Therapeutic effect
Therapeutic effect refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable.
See Medication and Therapeutic effect
Therapy
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis.
Thiazolidinedione
The thiazolidinediones, abbreviated as TZD, also known as glitazones after the prototypical drug ciglitazone, are a class of heterocyclic compounds consisting of a five-membered C3NS ring.
See Medication and Thiazolidinedione
Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones are any hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
See Medication and Thyroid hormones
Tonicity
In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane.
Topical anesthetic
A topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of a body part.
See Medication and Topical anesthetic
Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
See Medication and Topical medication
Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
Treatment Action Group
Treatment Action Group (TAG) is a U.S.-based organization that has been prominent within the movement of HIV/AIDS activism.
See Medication and Treatment Action Group
Treatment of human lice
The treatment of human lice is the removal of head lice parasites from human hair.
See Medication and Treatment of human lice
Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.
See Medication and Tricyclic antidepressant
TRIPS Agreement
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
See Medication and TRIPS Agreement
United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States government whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology.
See Medication and United States Geological Survey
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease.
Valproate
Valproate (valproic acid, VPA, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms) are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and prevent migraine headaches.
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
See Medication and Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Vasodilation, also known as vasorelaxation, is the widening of blood vessels.
See Medication and Vasodilation
Vasopressin analogue
Vasopressin analogues are chemicals similar in function but not necessarily similar in structure to vasopressin (ADH), such as desmopressin.
See Medication and Vasopressin analogue
Vitamin
Vitamins are organic molecules (or a set of closely related molecules called vitamers) that are essential to an organism in small quantities for proper metabolic function.
Vitamin D analogues
The active natural hormonal form of vitamin D is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D).
See Medication and Vitamin D analogues
Vomiting
Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
Water treatment
Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use.
See Medication and Water treatment
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Medication and World Health Organization
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade.
See Medication and World Trade Organization
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
See Medication and World War I
Wound
A wound is any disruption of or damage to living tissue, such as skin, mucous membranes, or organs.
Xanthine
Xanthine (or, from Ancient Greek due to its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms.
2nd millennium BC
The 2nd millennium BC spanned the years 2000 BC to 1001 BC.
See Medication and 2nd millennium BC
5α-Reductase inhibitor
5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with antiandrogenic effects which are used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate and scalp hair loss.
See Medication and 5α-Reductase inhibitor
See also
Chemicals in medicine
- Anti-infective agents
- Deuterated drug
- Drugs
- Isotopes in medicine
- Medical isotopes
- Medication
- Metacresol purple
- Metals in medicine
- PET radiotracer
- Prodrugs
- Radiopharmaceutical
- Radiopharmaceuticals
Products of chemical industry
- Cleaning products
- Commercial classification of chemicals
- Commodity chemicals
- Drugs
- Fine chemical
- Medication
- Petrochemicals
- Speciality chemicals
References
Also known as Administration (medicine), Blockbuster Drugs, Blockbuster drug, Blockbuster medicine, Controversies surrounding pharmaceutical drugs, Drug administration, Gamot, Gastrointestinal medication, History of pharmaceutical drugs, Medical drug, Medical drugs, Medical preparation, Medicament, Medicaments, Medicated, Medication drug, Medication drugs, Medications, Medicinal drug, Medicinal product, Medicine administration, Medicines, Meds, Name brand drug, Name brand drugs, Pharmaceutical, Pharmaceutical agent, Pharmaceutical agents, Pharmaceutical drug, Pharmaceutical drugs, Pharmaceutical preparation, Pharmaceutical preparations, Pharmaceutical products, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacologic agent, Pharmacologic agents, Q8h, Therapeutic agent, Therapeutic agents, Use of drugs to treat disease.
, Antihypertensive drug, Antileukotriene, Antimalarial medication, Antiplatelet drug, Antiprotozoal, Antipruritic, Antipsychotic, Antipyretic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Antitoxin, Antiviral drug, Anxiolytic, Aromatase inhibitor, Aspirin, Assisted suicide, Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, Astringent, Atharvaveda, Avicenna, Ayurveda, Babylonia, Barbiturate, Benzodiazepine, Beta blocker, Beta-adrenergic agonist, Beta2-adrenergic agonist, Biguanide, Bile acid sequestrant, Binding selectivity, Bioaccumulation, Bioavailability, Biological half-life, Biological system, Biological target, BioMarin Pharmaceutical, Biopharmaceutical, Biotechnology, Bisphosphonate, Blood pressure, Blood product, Bolus (medicine), Brill Publishers, Bronchodilator, Buccal administration, Burn, Caister Academic Press, Calcitonin, Calcium channel blocker, Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines, Cannabinoid, Capsule (pharmacy), Cardiac glycoside, Cell therapy, Central nervous system, Chemical compound, Chemical library, Chemical property, Chemical synthesis, Chemotherapy, Chlordiazepoxide, Chlorpromazine, Cholinergic, Cimetidine, Classical pharmacology, Classification, Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals, Clinical research, Clinical trial, Clomifene, Coagulation, Codeine, Cold medicine, Compulsory license, Concentration, Conjugated estrogens, Contraindication, Contrast agent, Controlled substance, Corticosteroid, Cream (pharmacy), Cure, Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, Cycloplegia, Cyclopyrrolones, Cytoprotection, De Gradibus, De materia medica, Decongestant, Delphi method, Deodorant, Deprescribing, Dermis, Diabetes medication, Diagnosis, Diazepam, Dietary supplement, Diethylstilbestrol, Digoxin, Disease-modifying treatment, Dispensary, Diuretic, Doha Declaration on the TRIPS agreement and public health, Dopamine agonist, Dopamine antagonist, Dosage form, Drug, Drug class, Drug delivery, Drug design, Drug development, Drug discovery, Drug nomenclature, Ear, Ear drop, Efficacy, Effluent, Egyptian medical papyri, Electrolyte, Elixir sulfanilamide, Encyclopædia Britannica, Enteral administration, Environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutant, Erythropoietin, Essential medicines, Estrogen, Estuary, Eugeroic, Euthanasia, Expanded access, Extract, Eye drop, Factor VIII, Fertility medication, Fibrinolysis, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Food and Drug Administration, Food web, Formulary (pharmacy), Gamma-Linolenic acid, Gangrene, Garcia de Orta, Gastrointestinal tract, Gene therapy, Generic drug, Genitourinary system, Glaucoma, Gonadorelin, Gonadotropin, Gonadotropin release inhibitor, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Growth hormone, Guernica (magazine), H2 receptor antagonist, Health Affairs, Heinrich von Staden (historian), Henry Drysdale Dakin, Heparin, High-throughput screening, Hinduism, Hippocratic Oath, Honey, Hormonal contraception, Hormone, Hormone replacement therapy, Hormone therapy, Human genome, Human Genome Project, Hypnotic, Imatinib, Imidazole, Immunoglobulin therapy, Immunology, Immunosuppressive drug, Industrial water treatment, Inflammation, Injection (medicine), Insulin, Intellectual property, Interferon, Interleukin, International Narcotics Control Board, Intravenous therapy, Jurisdiction, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus, Keratolytic, Lake, Laxative, Leprostatic agent, Lipid-lowering agent, List of pharmaceutical companies, Lists of drugs, Lithium (medication), Local anesthetic, Lovastatin, Luteinizing hormone, Magnesium (medical use), Malaria, Management of tuberculosis, Mast cell, Mast cell stabilizer, Médecins Sans Frontières, Medical diagnosis, Medical error, Medical guideline, Medical prescription, Medical research, Medicare Part D, Medication costs, Medicinal chemistry, Medicine, Medicine in the medieval Islamic world, Medieval medicine of Western Europe, Meprobamate, Metabolism, Metformin, Methylphenidate, Microorganism, Miosis, Moisturizer, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibody therapy, Mood stabilizer, Morphine, Mucoactive agent, Muscle relaxant, Musculoskeletal disorder, Mydriasis, Nasal administration, National Cancer Institute, National Health Service, National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, Natural product, Neuromuscular drug, New chemical entity, Nitrate, Nitroglycerin, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Nootropic, Nosology, Novartis, Novartis v. Union of India & Others, Nursing, Off-label use, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Ophthalmic drug administration, Opioid, Opium, Oral administration, Oral contraceptive pill, Ormeloxifene, Orphan drug, Over-the-counter drug, Overmedication, Pain, Parasympatholytic, Parasympathomimetic drug, Parenteral nutrition, Parkinson's disease, Pedanius Dioscorides, Penicillin, Pharmaceutical code, Pharmaceutical industry, Pharmaceutical marketing, Pharmacology, Pharmacopoeia, Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacy, Pharmacy technician, Physician assistant, Placebo, Polyene, Polypharmacy, Potency (pharmacology), Pravastatin, Prehistoric medicine, Prescription drug, Preventive healthcare, Progestogen, Prohibition, Prostaglandin, Prostaglandin analogue, Prostaglandin inhibitors, Proteolysis, Proton-pump inhibitor, Psychedelic drug, Quinine, Quinolone, Quinolone antibiotic, Recombinant DNA, Reflux suppressant, Reserpine, Retinoid, Reverse pharmacology, River, Route of administration, Scabies, Seawater, Sedative, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serendipity, Serotonin receptor antagonist, Sewage treatment, Sex hormone, Sildenafil, Simvastatin, Small molecule, Soil, Spermicide, Statin, Stem cell, Stimulant, Stream, Sublingual administration, Sulfonamide (medicine), Sulfonylurea, Sunscreen, Sympathomimetic drug, Tablet (pharmacy), Tamoxifen, Tar, Tardive dyskinesia, The Canon of Medicine, Theodoric Borgognoni, Therapeutic effect, Therapy, Thiazolidinedione, Thyroid hormones, Tonicity, Topical anesthetic, Topical medication, Toxicity, Treatment Action Group, Treatment of human lice, Tricyclic antidepressant, TRIPS Agreement, United States Geological Survey, Vaccine, Valproate, Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation, Vasopressin analogue, Vitamin, Vitamin D analogues, Vomiting, Water treatment, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World War I, Wound, Xanthine, 2nd millennium BC, 5α-Reductase inhibitor.