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137 relations: Abdominal pain, Acne, American Academy of Neurology, Androgen, Anxiety, Appetite, Ascending cholangitis, Aspirin, ATP-binding cassette transporter, Atrophic vaginitis, Bayesian probability, Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, Birth control, Bisphosphonate, Bloating, Body mass index, Bone density, Breast, Breast cancer, Calcium, Castration, Cholecystitis, Cholesterol, Chorea, Cisgender, Coagulation, Cochrane (organisation), Colorectal cancer, Compounding, Confidence interval, Conjugated estrogens, Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate, Contact lens, Coronary artery disease, Cramp, Data monitoring committee, Deep vein thrombosis, Diarrhea, Dienogest, Diplopia, Drospirenone, Dyspareunia, Endocrine Society, Endometrial cancer, Endometrial hyperplasia, Endometrium, Epigenetic clock, Estradiol (medication), Estriol, Estrogen, ..., Estrogen (medication), Estrogen patch, Ethinylestradiol, European Menopause and Andropause Society, Fatigue, First pass effect, Food and Drug Administration, Frontal lobe, Gallbladder, Gender identity, Headache, High-density lipoprotein, Hip fracture, Hormonal IUDs, Hormone replacement therapy, Hot flash, Hyperplasia, Hysterectomy, Intrauterine device, JAMA (journal), Kaiser Permanente, Late-onset hypogonadism, Levonorgestrel, Libido, Life extension, Lipid profile, Lipid-lowering agent, Lipoprotein(a), List of estrogens available in the United States, List of progestogens available in the United States, Liver disease, Low-density lipoprotein, Mare, Maturitas, Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Menopause, Menstruation, Meta-analysis, Migraine, Million Women Study, Myocardial infarction, National Institutes of Health, Norethisterone, North American Menopause Society, Nurses' Health Study, Oophorectomy, Orgasm, Osteoclast, Osteoporosis, Ovarian cancer, Placebo, Prasterone, Pregnancy, Premature ovarian failure, Progesterone, Progesterone (medication), Progestin, Progestogen, Pulmonary embolism, Randomized controlled trial, Rash, Relative risk, Reverse cholesterol transport, Saliva testing, Selective estrogen receptor modulator, Sex-hormonal agent, Statistical significance, Stroke, Testosterone (medication), Thrombophlebitis, Topical medication, Transdermal, Transdermal patch, Transgender, Transgender hormone therapy, Triglyceride, United States Preventive Services Task Force, Uterine fibroid, Vaginal estrogen, Vaginal lubrication, Vaginal ring, Venous thrombosis, Vitamin D, Vitamin K, Water retention (medicine), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Women's Health Initiative. Expand index (87 more) »
Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.
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Acne
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.
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American Academy of Neurology
The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) is a professional society representing over 34,000 neurologists and neuroscientists.
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Androgen
An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone which regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
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Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.
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Appetite
Appetite is the desire to eat food, sometimes due to hunger.
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Ascending cholangitis
Ascending cholangitis, also known as acute cholangitis or simply cholangitis, is an infection of the bile duct (cholangitis), usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).
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Aspirin
Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.
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ATP-binding cassette transporter
ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are members of a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and is possibly one of the oldest families with representatives in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans.
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Atrophic vaginitis
Atrophic vaginitis is the chronic and progressive inflammation of the vagina (and the lower urinary tract) due to the thinning and shrinking of the vaginal tissues and is often accompanied by vulvar and urinary pathologies.
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Bayesian probability
Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification of a personal belief.
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Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), also known as bioidentical hormone therapy or natural hormone therapy, is the use of hormones that are identical on a molecular level with endogenous hormones in hormone replacement therapy.
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Birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.
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Bisphosphonate
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases.
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Bloating
Abdominal bloating is a symptom that can appear at any age, generally associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic diseases, but can also appear alone.
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Body mass index
The body mass index (BMI) or Quetelet index is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of an individual.
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Bone density
Bone density, or bone mineral density (BMD), is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.
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Breast
The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of the torso of primates.
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Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Castration
Castration (also known as gonadectomy) is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an individual loses use of the testicles.
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Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.
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Chorea
Chorea (or choreia, occasionally) is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias.
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Cisgender
Cisgender (often abbreviated to simply cis) is a term for people whose gender identity matches the sex that they were assigned at birth.
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Coagulation
Coagulation (also known as clotting) is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
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Cochrane (organisation)
Cochrane is a non-profit, non-governmental organization formed to organize medical research findings so as to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions faced by health professionals, patients, and policy makers.
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Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
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Compounding
Pharmaceutical compounding (done in compounding pharmacies) is the creation of a particular pharmaceutical product to fit the unique need of a patient.
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Confidence interval
In statistics, a confidence interval (CI) is a type of interval estimate, computed from the statistics of the observed data, that might contain the true value of an unknown population parameter.
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Conjugated estrogens
Conjugated estrogens (CEs), or conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs), sold under the brand name Premarin (a contraction of "pregnant mares' urine") among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and for various other indications.
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Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate
Conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEs/MPA), sold under the brand names Prempro and Premphase, is a combination product of conjugated estrogens (Premarin), an estrogen, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera), a progestogen, which is used in menopausal hormone therapy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
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Contact lens
A contact lens, or simply contact, is a thin lens placed directly on the surface of the eye.
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Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
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Cramp
A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or over-shortening; while generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain, and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle.
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Data monitoring committee
A data monitoring committee (DMC) – sometimes called a data and safety monitoring board (DSMB) – is an independent group of experts who monitor patient safety and treatment efficacy data while a clinical trial is ongoing.
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Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly the legs.
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Diarrhea
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.
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Dienogest
Dienogest, sold under the brand names Natazia and Qlaira among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of endometriosis.
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Diplopia
Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally, vertically, diagonally (i.e., both vertically and horizontally), or rotationally in relation to each other.
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Drospirenone
Drospirenone, sold under the brand names Yasmin and Angeliq among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in menopausal hormone therapy. The medication is available only in combination with an estrogen. It is taken by mouth. Drospirenone is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It has additional antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity and no other important hormonal activity. Drospirenone was introduced for medical use in 2000. It is available widely throughout the world. The medication is sometimes referred to as a "fourth-generation" progestin. It is available as a generic medication.https://www.drugs.com/availability/generic-yasmin.html.
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Dyspareunia
Dyspareunia is painful sexual intercourse due to medical or psychological causes.
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Endocrine Society
The Endocrine Society is a professional, international medical organization in the field of endocrinology and metabolism, founded in 1916 as The Association for the Study of Internal Secretions.
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Endometrial cancer
Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).
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Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus.
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Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.
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Epigenetic clock
An epigenetic clock is a type of a molecular age estimation method based on DNA methylation levels.
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Estradiol (medication)
Estradiol, also spelled oestradiol, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.
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Estriol
Estriol (E3), also spelled oestriol, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.
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Estrogen
Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.
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Estrogen (medication)
An estrogen is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.
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Estrogen patch
The estrogen patch (oestrogen patch) is a delivery system for estradiol, which is used as hormone replacement therapy to treat the problems of menopause, such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, or to prevent osteoporosis.
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Ethinylestradiol
Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins.
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European Menopause and Andropause Society
The European Menopause and Andropause Society is an institution that promotes the study, and encourages research, of midlife health.
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Fatigue
Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.
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First pass effect
The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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Frontal lobe
The frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain, is the largest of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain.
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Gallbladder
In vertebrates, the gallbladder is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine.
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Gender identity
Gender identity is one's personal experience of one's own gender.
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Headache
Headache is the symptom of pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck.
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High-density lipoprotein
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the five major groups of lipoproteins.
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Hip fracture
A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone).
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Hormonal IUDs
Intrauterine device (IUD) with progestogen, sold under the brand name Mirena among others, is a intrauterine device that releases the hormone levonorgestrel.
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Hormone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is any form of hormone therapy wherein the patient, in the course of medical treatment, receives hormones, either to supplement a lack of naturally occurring hormones or to substitute other hormones for naturally occurring hormones.
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Hot flash
Hot flashes (American English) or hot flushes (British English) are a form of flushing due to reduced levels of estradiol.
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Hyperplasia
Hyperplasia (from ancient Greek ὑπέρ huper, "over" + πλάσις plasis, "formation"), or hypergenesis, is an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.
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Hysterectomy
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus.
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Intrauterine device
An intrauterine device (IUD), also known as intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD or ICD) or coil, is a small, often T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy.
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JAMA (journal)
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.
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Kaiser Permanente
Kaiser Permanente (KP) is an American integrated managed care consortium, based in Oakland, California, United States, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J. Kaiser and physician Sidney Garfield.
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Late-onset hypogonadism
Late-onset hypogonadism is a rare condition in older men, characterized by measurably low testosterone levels and clinical symptoms mostly of a sexual nature, including decreased desire for sex, fewer spontaneous erections, and erectile dysfunction.
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Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel is a hormonal medication which is used in a number of birth control methods.
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Libido
Libido, colloquially known as sex drive, is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity.
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Life extension
Life extension science, also known as anti-aging medicine, indefinite life extension, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology, is the study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan.
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Lipid profile
Lipid profile or lipid panel is a panel of blood tests that serves as an initial screening tool for abnormalities in lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
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Lipid-lowering agent
Hypolipidemic agents, or antihyperlipidemic agents, are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of high levels of fats (lipids), such as cholesterol, in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
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Lipoprotein(a)
Lipoprotein(a) (also called Lp(a) or LPA) is a lipoprotein subclass.
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List of estrogens available in the United States
This is a complete list of estrogens and formulations that are approved by the and available in the United States.
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List of progestogens available in the United States
This is a complete list of progestogens (progesterone and progestins) and formulations that are approved by the and available in the United States.
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Liver disease
Liver disease (also called hepatic disease) is a type of damage to or disease of the liver.
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Low-density lipoprotein
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the five major groups of lipoprotein which transport all fat molecules around the body in the extracellular water.
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Mare
A mare is an adult female horse or other equine.
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Maturitas
Maturitas is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering midlife and post-reproductive health.
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Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sold under the brand name Depo-Provera among others, is a hormonal medication of the progestin type.
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Menopause
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.
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Menstruation
Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.
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Meta-analysis
A meta-analysis is a statistical analysis that combines the results of multiple scientific studies.
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Migraine
A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.
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Million Women Study
The Million Women Study is a study of women’s health analysing data from more than one million women aged 50 and over, led by Dame Valerie Beral and a team of researchers at the Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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Norethisterone
Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone and sold under the brand names Aygestin and Primolut N among many others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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North American Menopause Society
The North American Menopause Society (NAMS), founded in 1989, is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary organization with the mission of promoting the health and quality of life of women during midlife and beyond through an understanding of menopause and healthy aging.
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Nurses' Health Study
The Nurses Health Study (NHS), is a series of prospective studies that examine epidemiology and the long-term effects of nutrition, hormones, environment, and nurses' work-life on health and disease development.
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Oophorectomy
Oophorectomy (from Greek ᾠοφόρος, ōophóros, 'egg-bearing' + ἐκτομή, ektomḗ, 'a cutting out of') is the surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries.
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Orgasm
Orgasm (from Greek ὀργασμός orgasmos "excitement, swelling"; also sexual climax) is the sudden discharge of accumulated sexual excitement during the sexual response cycle, resulting in rhythmic muscular contractions in the pelvic region characterized by sexual pleasure.
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Osteoclast
An osteoclast is a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease where increased bone weakness increases the risk of a broken bone.
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Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in or on an ovary.
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Placebo
A placebo is a substance or treatment of no intended therapeutic value.
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Prasterone
Prasterone, also known as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and sold under the brand names Gynodian Depot (as an ester) and Intrarosa among others, is a medication as well as supplement which is used to correct DHEA deficiency due to adrenal insufficiency or old age, as a component of menopausal hormone therapy, to treat painful sexual intercourse due to vaginal atrophy, and to prepare the cervix for childbirth among other uses.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Premature ovarian failure
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the loss of function of the ovaries before age 40.
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Progesterone (medication)
Progesterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.
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Progestin
A progestin is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.
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Progestogen
Progestogens, also sometimes spelled progestagens or gestagens, are a class of steroid hormones that bind to and activate the progesterone receptor (PR).
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Pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism).
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Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a type of scientific (often medical) experiment which aims to reduce bias when testing a new treatment.
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Rash
A rash is a change of the human skin which affects its color, appearance, or texture.
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Relative risk
In statistics and epidemiology, relative risk or risk ratio (RR) is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring (for example, developing a disease, being injured) in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a comparison, non-exposed group.
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Reverse cholesterol transport
Reverse cholesterol transport is a multi-step process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver first via entering the lymphatic system, then the bloodstream.
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Saliva testing
Saliva testing is a diagnostic technique that involves laboratory analysis of saliva to identify markers of endocrine, immunologic, inflammatory, infectious, and other types of conditions.
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Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER).
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Sex-hormonal agent
A sex-hormonal agent, also known as a sex-hormone receptor modulator, is a type of hormonal agent which specifically modulates the effects of sex hormones and of their biological targets, the sex hormone receptors.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Testosterone (medication)
Testosterone is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.
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Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is a phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) related to a thrombus (blood clot).
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Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
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Transdermal
Transdermal is a route of administration wherein active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.
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Transdermal patch
A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream.
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Transgender
Transgender people have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex.
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Transgender hormone therapy
Transgender hormone therapy, also sometimes called cross-sex hormone therapy, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in which sex hormones and other hormonal medications are administered to transgender or gender variant individuals for the purpose of more closely aligning their secondary sexual characteristics with their gender identity.
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Triglyceride
A triglyceride (TG, triacylglycerol, TAG, or triacylglyceride) is an ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids (from tri- and glyceride).
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United States Preventive Services Task Force
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) is "an independent panel of experts in primary care and prevention that systematically reviews the evidence of effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventive services".
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Uterine fibroid
Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.
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Vaginal estrogen
Vaginal estrogen is a form of estrogen that is delivered by intravaginal administration.
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Vaginal lubrication
Vaginal lubrication is a naturally produced fluid that lubricates a woman's vagina.
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Vaginal ring
Vaginal rings (also known as intravaginal rings, or V-Rings) are polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs for intravaginal administration over extended periods of time.
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Venous thrombosis
A venous thrombus is a blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a vein.
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.
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Vitamin K
Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, Danish for "coagulation") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.
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Water retention (medicine)
The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body.
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Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is a neuropsychological test of "set-shifting", i.e. the ability to display flexibility in the face of changing schedules of reinforcement.
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Women's Health Initiative
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was initiated by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 1991.
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Redirects here:
Activelle, Angemin, Climara pro, Climodien, Cliovelle, Divina plus, Estradiol gel, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Estrogen-progestin hormone therapy, Estrogen–progestin hormone therapy, Eviana, Femanest, Femanor, Femasekvens, HRT in menopause, Hormone replacement therapy (menopause), Hormone replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms, Hormone replacement therapy for menopause, Hormone replacement therapy in menopause, Indivina, Kliogest, Menopausal HRT, Menopausal estradiol+progestin, Menopausal hormone therapy, Menopause HRT, PMHT, Post-menopausal hormone therapy, Postmenopausal hormone, Trisekvens, Trivina.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmenopausal_hormone_therapy
