Table of Contents
95 relations: Activation energy, Adenosine triphosphate, Algae, Amphibolic, Anabolism, Anaerobic respiration, Antibiotic, Atovaquone, Biochemical systems equation, Biochemistry, Biosynthesis, Carbon-13, Catabolism, Catalysis, Catharanthine, Catharanthus roseus, Cell (biology), Cellular respiration, Chemical reaction, Citric acid cycle, Control theory, Cyanobacteria, Cytosol, Electron transport chain, Enasidenib, Endergonic reaction, Enzyme, Enzyme catalysis, Enzyme inhibitor, Eukaryote, Exergonic reaction, Fatty acid synthesis, Flavin adenine dinucleotide, Flux, Flux (metabolism), Food and Drug Administration, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Fructose 6-phosphate, Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Geranyl pyrophosphate, Gibbs free energy, Gluconeogenesis, Glucose, Glucose 6-phosphatase, Glucose 6-phosphate, Glutaminase, Glutaminolysis, Glycogen, Glycolysis, ... Expand index (45 more) »
Activation energy
In the Arrhenius model of reaction rates, activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that must be available to reactants for a chemical reaction to occur.
See Metabolic pathway and Activation energy
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
See Metabolic pathway and Adenosine triphosphate
Algae
Algae (alga) are any of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms.
See Metabolic pathway and Algae
Amphibolic
The term amphibolism (lit) is used to describe a biochemical pathway that involves both catabolism and anabolism. Metabolic pathway and amphibolic are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Amphibolic
Anabolism
Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units. Metabolic pathway and Anabolism are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Anabolism
Anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2).
See Metabolic pathway and Anaerobic respiration
Antibiotic
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.
See Metabolic pathway and Antibiotic
Atovaquone
Atovaquone, sold under the brand name Mepron, is an antimicrobial medication for the prevention and treatment of ''Pneumocystis jirovecii'' pneumonia (PCP).
See Metabolic pathway and Atovaquone
Biochemical systems equation
The biochemical systems equation is a compact equation of nonlinear differential equations for describing a kinetic model for any network of coupled biochemical reactions and transport processes. Metabolic pathway and biochemical systems equation are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Biochemical systems equation
Biochemistry
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
See Metabolic pathway and Biochemistry
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occuring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products. Metabolic pathway and biosynthesis are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Biosynthesis
Carbon-13
Carbon-13 (13C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons.
See Metabolic pathway and Carbon-13
Catabolism
Catabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions. Metabolic pathway and Catabolism are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Catabolism
Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst.
See Metabolic pathway and Catalysis
Catharanthine
Catharanthine is a terpene indole alkaloid produced by the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus and Tabernaemontana divaricata.
See Metabolic pathway and Catharanthine
Catharanthus roseus
Catharanthus roseus, commonly known as bright eyes, Cape periwinkle, graveyard plant, Madagascar periwinkle, old maid, pink periwinkle, rose periwinkle, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceae.
See Metabolic pathway and Catharanthus roseus
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Metabolic pathway and Cell (biology)
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Metabolic pathway and Cellular respiration are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Cellular respiration
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
See Metabolic pathway and Chemical reaction
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle—also known as the Krebs cycle, Szent–Györgyi–Krebs cycle or the TCA cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle)—is a series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
See Metabolic pathway and Citric acid cycle
Control theory
Control theory is a field of control engineering and applied mathematics that deals with the control of dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines.
See Metabolic pathway and Control theory
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also called Cyanobacteriota or Cyanophyta, are a phylum of autotrophic gram-negative bacteria that can obtain biological energy via oxygenic photosynthesis.
See Metabolic pathway and Cyanobacteria
Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)).
See Metabolic pathway and Cytosol
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes and other molecules which transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane.
See Metabolic pathway and Electron transport chain
Enasidenib
Enasidenib (INN; trade name Idhifa) is a medication used to treat relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia in people with specific mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) gene, determined by an FDA-approved IDH2 companion diagnostic test.
See Metabolic pathway and Enasidenib
Endergonic reaction
In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (also called a heat absorbing nonspontaneous reaction or an unfavorable reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the standard change in free energy is positive, and an additional driving force is needed to perform this reaction.
See Metabolic pathway and Endergonic reaction
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. Metabolic pathway and Enzyme are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Enzyme
Enzyme catalysis
Enzyme catalysis is the increase in the rate of a process by a biological molecule, an "enzyme".
See Metabolic pathway and Enzyme catalysis
Enzyme inhibitor
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity. Metabolic pathway and enzyme inhibitor are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Enzyme inhibitor
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
See Metabolic pathway and Eukaryote
Exergonic reaction
In chemical thermodynamics, an exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative (there is a net release of free energy).
See Metabolic pathway and Exergonic reaction
Fatty acid synthesis
In biochemistry, fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. Metabolic pathway and fatty acid synthesis are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Fatty acid synthesis
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
In biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a redox-active coenzyme associated with various proteins, which is involved with several enzymatic reactions in metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Flux
Flux describes any effect that appears to pass or travel (whether it actually moves or not) through a surface or substance.
See Metabolic pathway and Flux
Flux (metabolism)
Flux, or metabolic flux is the rate of turnover of molecules through a metabolic pathway. Metabolic pathway and flux (metabolism) are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Flux (metabolism)
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.
See Metabolic pathway and Food and Drug Administration
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
The enzyme fructose bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11; systematic name D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase) catalyses the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle, which are both anabolic pathways: Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) catalyses the reverse conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, but this is not just the reverse reaction, because the co-substrates are different (and so thermodynamic requirements are not violated).
See Metabolic pathway and Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, known in older publications as Harden-Young ester, is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6 (i.e., is a fructosephosphate).
See Metabolic pathway and Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate (sometimes called the Neuberg ester) is a derivative of fructose, which has been phosphorylated at the 6-hydroxy group.
See Metabolic pathway and Fructose 6-phosphate
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample.
See Metabolic pathway and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Geranyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), also known as geranyl diphosphate (GDP), is the pyrophosphate ester of the terpenoid geraniol.
See Metabolic pathway and Geranyl pyrophosphate
Gibbs free energy
In thermodynamics, the Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs energy as the recommended name; symbol G) is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum amount of work, other than pressure-volume work, that may be performed by a thermodynamically closed system at constant temperature and pressure.
See Metabolic pathway and Gibbs free energy
Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. Metabolic pathway and Gluconeogenesis are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Gluconeogenesis
Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
See Metabolic pathway and Glucose
Glucose 6-phosphatase
The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9, G6Pase; systematic name D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate, resulting in the creation of a phosphate group and free glucose: During fasting, adequate levels of blood glucose are assured by glucose liberated from liver glycogen stores by glycogenolysis as well as glucose generated by gluconeogenesis in the liver as well as - to a lesser extent - the kindeys.
See Metabolic pathway and Glucose 6-phosphatase
Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P, sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.
See Metabolic pathway and Glucose 6-phosphate
Glutaminase
Glutaminase (glutaminase I, L-glutaminase, glutamine aminohydrolase) is an amidohydrolase enzyme that generates glutamate from glutamine.
See Metabolic pathway and Glutaminase
Glutaminolysis
Glutaminolysis (glutamine + -lysis) is a series of biochemical reactions by which the amino acid glutamine is lysed to glutamate, aspartate, CO2, pyruvate, lactate, alanine and citrate. Metabolic pathway and Glutaminolysis are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Glutaminolysis
Glycogen
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.
See Metabolic pathway and Glycogen
Glycolysis
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).
See Metabolic pathway and Glycolysis
Glyoxylate cycle
The glyoxylate cycle, a variation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi.
See Metabolic pathway and Glyoxylate cycle
Guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate.
See Metabolic pathway and Guanosine triphosphate
Heme
Heme (American English), or haem (Commonwealth English, both pronounced /hi:m/), is a ring-shaped iron-containing molecular component of hemoglobin, which is necessary to bind oxygen in the bloodstream.
See Metabolic pathway and Heme
High-energy phosphate
High-energy phosphate can mean one of two things.
See Metabolic pathway and High-energy phosphate
Homeostasis
In biology, homeostasis (British also homoeostasis) is the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.
See Metabolic pathway and Homeostasis
Hydrogen bond
In chemistry, a hydrogen bond (or H-bond) is primarily an electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen (H) atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group (Dn), and another electronegative atom bearing a lone pair of electrons—the hydrogen bond acceptor (Ac).
See Metabolic pathway and Hydrogen bond
Ivosidenib
Ivosidenib, sold under the brand name Tibsovo, is an anti-cancer medication for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and cholangiocarcinoma.
See Metabolic pathway and Ivosidenib
KaPPA-View4
KaPPA-View4 is a metabolic pathway database containing data about metabolic regulation from 'omics' data. Metabolic pathway and KaPPA-View4 are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and KaPPA-View4
Linear biochemical pathway
A linear biochemical pathway is a chain of enzyme-catalyzed reaction steps where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next reaction. Metabolic pathway and linear biochemical pathway are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Linear biochemical pathway
Lipid
Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
See Metabolic pathway and Lipid
Lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer (or phospholipid bilayer) is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules.
See Metabolic pathway and Lipid bilayer
Lonidamine
Lonidamine is a derivative of indazole-3-carboxylic acid, which for a long time, has been known to inhibit aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells.
See Metabolic pathway and Lonidamine
Metabolic control analysis
Metabolic control analysis (MCA) is a mathematical framework for describing metabolic, signaling, and genetic pathways. Metabolic pathway and metabolic control analysis are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Metabolic control analysis
Metabolic engineering
Metabolic engineering is the practice of optimizing genetic and regulatory processes within cells to increase the cell's production of a certain substance.
See Metabolic pathway and Metabolic engineering
Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic intermediates are molecules that are the precursors or metabolites of biologically significant molecules. Metabolic pathway and metabolic intermediate are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic network
A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiological and biochemical properties of a cell. Metabolic pathway and metabolic network are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Metabolic network
Metabolic network modelling
Metabolic network modelling, also known as metabolic network reconstruction or metabolic pathway analysis, allows for an in-depth insight into the molecular mechanisms of a particular organism. Metabolic pathway and metabolic network modelling are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Metabolic network modelling
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
See Metabolic pathway and Metabolism
Metabolite
In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. Metabolic pathway and metabolite are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Metabolite
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
See Metabolic pathway and Mitochondrion
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').
See Metabolic pathway and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a spectroscopic technique based on re-orientation of atomic nuclei with non-zero nuclear spins in an external magnetic field.
See Metabolic pathway and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Nutrient
A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow and reproduce.
See Metabolic pathway and Nutrient
Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function.
See Metabolic pathway and Organelle
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
See Metabolic pathway and Organism
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK, US) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Metabolic pathway and Oxidative phosphorylation are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Oxidative phosphorylation
Pentose phosphate pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis.
See Metabolic pathway and Pentose phosphate pathway
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is an enzyme in the lyase family used in the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis.
See Metabolic pathway and Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Phosphofructokinase
Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a kinase enzyme that phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate in glycolysis.
See Metabolic pathway and Phosphofructokinase
Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.
See Metabolic pathway and Phosphorylation
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism. Metabolic pathway and Photosynthesis are metabolism.
See Metabolic pathway and Photosynthesis
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
See Metabolic pathway and Plant
Product (chemistry)
Products are the species formed from chemical reactions.
See Metabolic pathway and Product (chemistry)
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
See Metabolic pathway and Protein
Proteinogenic amino acid
Proteinogenic amino acids are amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation.
See Metabolic pathway and Proteinogenic amino acid
Pyruvate carboxylase
Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) encoded by the gene PC is an enzyme of the ligase class that catalyzes (depending on the species) the physiologically irreversible carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate (OAA).
See Metabolic pathway and Pyruvate carboxylase
Reagent
In chemistry, a reagent or analytical reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or test if one occurs.
See Metabolic pathway and Reagent
Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
See Metabolic pathway and Starch
Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, the term substrate is highly context-dependent.
See Metabolic pathway and Substrate (chemistry)
Succinylacetone
Succinylacetone is a chemical compound that is formed by the oxidation of glycine and is a precursor of methylglyoxal.
See Metabolic pathway and Succinylacetone
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.
See Metabolic pathway and Thermodynamics
Tryptophan
Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
See Metabolic pathway and Tryptophan
Van der Waals force
In molecular physics and chemistry, the van der Waals force (sometimes van de Waals' force) is a distance-dependent interaction between atoms or molecules.
See Metabolic pathway and Van der Waals force
Vinblastine
Vinblastine (VBL), sold under the brand name Velban among others, is a chemotherapy medication, typically used with other medications, to treat a number of types of cancer.
See Metabolic pathway and Vinblastine
Vindoline
Vindoline is a chemical precursor to vinblastine.
See Metabolic pathway and Vindoline
References
Also known as Biochemical pathway, Biochemical pathways, Biosynthetic pathway, Central metabolic pathway, Enzymatic pathway, Enzyme pathway, Metabolic networks and pathways, Metabolic pathways, Metabolic product, Metabolic route, Molecular pathway, Multienzyme metabolic pathway.