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Milk

Index Milk

Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals. [1]

384 relations: A2 milk, Abhisheka, Acid, Aging of wine, Alkaline diet, Allergy, Almond milk, Aluminium foil, American bison, American Institute for Cancer Research, American Journal of Human Biology, Amino acid, Andrew Sherratt, Animal product, Animal rights, Animal slaughter, Antibody, Apocrine, Arbois, Argentina, Aseptic processing, Athena, Atherosclerosis, Aurochs, Autism spectrum, Automatic milking, Ayrshire cattle, Babcock test, Beefalo, Behçet's disease, Belgium, Beta-lactoglobulin, Bifidobacterium, Bioavailability, Biotin, Birth defect, Bloating, Blocked milk duct, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bovinae, Bovine somatotropin, Brazil, Break-even, Breakfast cereal, Breast milk, Breastfeeding, Brown Swiss cattle, Bulk tank, Butterfat, Buttermilk, ..., Calcium, Calcium phosphate, Camel milk, Canadian dollar, Carbohydrate, Carton, Casein, Casomorphin, Caspar Milquetoast, Cavitation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centrifuge, Chelation, Chile, Chocolate milk, Chromatography, Coca-Cola, Coconut milk, Codex Alimentarius, Coeliac disease, Colloid, Colombia, Colonialism, Colostrum, Columbidae, Comic strip, Condensed milk, Conjugated linoleic acid, Cooperative, Copenhagen, Costco, Cream, Croatia, Crohn's disease, Crop milk, Cruelty to animals, Curd, Cynodont, Dairy cattle, Dairy product, Dairy Shorthorn, Delivery (commerce), Denatured alcohol, Developed country, Diabetes mellitus, Diarrhea, Dietary Reference Intake, Digestion, Disaccharide, Domestic pig, Domestic yak, Domestication, Donkey milk, Dotdash, EC identification and health marks, Economic union, Electric charge, Electrolyte, Emulsion, Endorphins, Environmental vegetarianism, Enzyme, Escherichia coli, Espresso, Estonia, Eurasian Steppe, Euro, Evaporated milk, Exogeny, Exorphin, Express Dairies, Farmers Union Iced Coffee, Fermentation in food processing, Fermented milk products, Fetus, Finland, Flash pasteurization, Flavor, Flavored milk, Fluorescent lamp, Follow Me, Boys!, Fonterra, Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and Drug Administration, Food fortification, Foodborne illness, Forsythia, French toast, Fungicide, Galactose, Gallon, Gastrointestinal disease, Gastrointestinal tract, Genetic disorder, Genetic engineering, Ghee, Globules of fat, Glucose, Gluten exorphin, Gluten-free, casein-free diet, Goat, Granola, Great Western Railway, Greek mythology, Guernsey cattle, H. T. Webster, Hera, Heracles, Hermes, High-fructose corn syrup, Hinduism, Hirschsprung's disease, Holstein Friesian cattle, Homogenization (chemistry), Honey, Hong Kong-style milk tea, Hot chocolate, Hot dog, Human, Human milk bank, Hunter-gatherer, Ice cream, Ice milk, Imperial units, Inborn errors of metabolism, India, Indonesia, Infant, Infant mortality, Inflammatory bowel disease, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Intensive animal farming, Iodine, Irma S. Rombauer, Israel, Jainism, Jersey cattle, K-Casein, Kefir, Kenya, Kumis, Kwik Trip, Lactase, Lactase persistence, Lactation, Lactic acid, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactofree, Lactose, Lactose intolerance, Land of Israel, Latte, Leuconostoc, Lifestyle disease, Lipid, Lipophilicity, List of dairy products, Listeria, Listeria monocytogenes, Louis Pasteur, Low birth weight, Magnesium, Maidenhead, Mammal, Mammary gland, Mammary ridge, Mantra, Mastitis, Megaloblastic anemia, Mesopotamia, Metabolic acidosis, Metabolism, Metrication, Micelle, Microfiltration, Micrometre, MicroRNA, Middle Ages, Midwestern United States, Milk allergy, Milk bag, Milk bottle, Milk float, Milk paint, Milk round, Milk substitute, Milk toast, Milking, Milkman, Milksop, Milky Way, Mineral (nutrient), Monosaccharide, Monotreme, Moose milk, Mother Earth News, MTORC1, Multinational corporation, Murti, National Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National School Lunch Act, Natural History (magazine), Nausea, Neolithic Revolution, Neonatal infection, New Zealand, Nomadic pastoralism, Obesity, Odor, On Food and Cooking, Operation Flood, Opioid, Opioid food peptides, Opioid peptide, Opioid receptor, Pakistan, Pantothenic acid, Particle aggregation, Pasteurization, Pastoralism, Pathogen, Pathogenic bacteria, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Peptide, PH, Philippines, Phospholipid, Pinniped, Pint, Plasmalogen, Plastic bottle, Plastic-coated paper, Poland, Political union, Polyethylene terephthalate, Pontic–Caspian steppe, Porridge, Potassium, Powdered milk, Pregnancy, Preterm birth, Prostate cancer, Protein, Public Health Act, Pudding, Quart, Quebec, Quran, Ramadan, Rancidification, Raw milk, Refrigerator, Reindeer, Retinyl palmitate, Reuse, Riboflavin, Rice milk, Sam's Club, Saturated fat, Secondary products revolution, Selenium, Separator (milk), Serbia, Sheep milk, Shelf life, Skimmed milk, Small intestine, Smoked meat, Sour cream, Soured milk, South Australia, South Korea, Southern Hemisphere, Southwark, Soy milk, Spinach, Square milk jug, St Thomas' Hospital, Stockholm, Stokes's law, Streptococcus, Surface area, Suspension (chemistry), Sweden, Symptom, Taste, Tetra Brik, The BMJ, The Joy of Cooking, The Maritimes, The New York Times, Thiamine, Tonne, Transparency and translucency, Trickster, Tritylodontidae, Turbulence, Turkey, Ultra-high-temperature processing, Ultrafiltered milk, Ultrafiltration, Ultraviolet, Ungulate, United Kingdom, United States Department of Agriculture, Uruguay, Valio, Veal, Vegan Outreach, Veganism, Vending machine, Vertically transmitted infection, Viili, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Walmart, Warehouse club, Water buffalo, Water content, Whey, Whey protein, White blood cell, World Cancer Research Fund International, World Health Organization, Xanthine oxidase, Yogurt, Zebu. Expand index (334 more) »

A2 milk

A2 milk is cow's milk that mostly lacks a form of β-casein proteins called A1 and instead has mostly the A2 form.

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Abhisheka

Abhisheka or Abhishekam (Devanagari: अभिषेक) is a Sanskrit term akin to puja, yagya and arati that denotes: a devotional activity; an enacted prayer, rite of passage and/or religious rite.

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Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

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Aging of wine

The aging of wine (American spelling) or ageing of wine (British spelling) is potentially able to improve the quality of wine.

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Alkaline diet

Alkaline diet (also known as the alkaline ash diet, alkaline acid diet, acid ash diet, and acid alkaline diet) describes a group of loosely related diets based on the misconception that different types of food can have an effect on the pH balance of the body.

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Allergy

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.

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Almond milk

Almond milk is a plant milk manufactured from almonds with a creamy texture and nutty flavor, although other types or brands are flavored in imitation of dairy milk.

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Aluminium foil

Aluminium foil (or aluminum foil), often referred to with the misnomer tin foil, is aluminium prepared in thin metal leaves with a thickness less than; thinner gauges down to are also commonly used.

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American bison

The American bison or simply bison (Bison bison), also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed the grasslands of North America in massive herds.

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American Institute for Cancer Research

The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) is a large American cancer research organization associated with the World Cancer Research Fund umbrella organization.

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American Journal of Human Biology

The American Journal of Human Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering human biology.

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Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.

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Andrew Sherratt

Andrew Sherratt (8 May 1946 – 24 February 2006) was an English archaeologist, one of the most influential of his generation.

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Animal product

An animal product is any material derived from the body of an animal.

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Animal rights

Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.

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Animal slaughter

Animal slaughter is the killing of animals, usually referring to killing domestic livestock.

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Apocrine

Apocrine is a term used to classify exocrine glands in the study of histology.

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Arbois

Arbois is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Aseptic processing

Aseptic processing is a processing technique wherein commercially thermally sterilized liquid products (typically food or pharmaceutical) are packaged into previously sterilized containers under sterile conditions to produce shelf-stable products that do not need refrigeration.

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Athena

Athena; Attic Greek: Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnā, or Ἀθηναία, Athēnaia; Epic: Ἀθηναίη, Athēnaiē; Doric: Ἀθάνα, Athānā or Athene,; Ionic: Ἀθήνη, Athēnē often given the epithet Pallas,; Παλλὰς is the ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, handicraft, and warfare, who was later syncretized with the Roman goddess Minerva.

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Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.

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Aurochs

The aurochs (or; pl. aurochs, or rarely aurochsen, aurochses), also known as urus or ure (Bos primigenius), is an extinct species of large wild cattle that inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

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Autism spectrum

Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Automatic milking

Automatic milking is the milking of dairy animals, especially of dairy cattle, without human labour.

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Ayrshire cattle

Ayrshire cattle (IPA) are a breed of dairy cattle from Ayrshire in southwest Scotland.

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Babcock test

The Babcock test is the first inexpensive and practical test factories could use to determine the fat content of milk.

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Beefalo

Beefalo, also referred to as cattalo or the American hybrid, are a fertile hybrid offspring of domestic cattle (Bos taurus), usually a male in managed breeding programs, and the American bison (Bison bison), usually a female in managed breeding programs.

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Behçet's disease

Behçet's disease (BD) is a type of inflammatory disorder which affects multiple parts of the body.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Beta-lactoglobulin

Structure of a β-lactoglobulin subunit (PDB entry 3BLG) Ribbons denote the secondary structure, with arrows for beta strands and spirals for alpha-helices. Rendered with Kinemage β-Lactoglobulin is the major whey protein of cow and sheep's milk (~3 g/l), and is also present in many other mammalian species; a notable exception being humans.

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Bifidobacterium

Bifidobacterium is a genus of gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria.

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Bioavailability

In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.

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Biotin

Biotin is a water-soluble B vitamin, also called vitamin B7 and formerly known as vitamin H or coenzyme R. Biotin is composed of a ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring.

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Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.

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Bloating

Abdominal bloating is a symptom that can appear at any age, generally associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders or organic diseases, but can also appear alone.

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Blocked milk duct

A blocked milk duct is a blockage of one or more ducts carrying milk to the nipple for the purpose of breastfeeding.

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (or; abbreviated B&H; Bosnian and Serbian: Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) / Боснa и Херцеговина (БиХ), Croatian: Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH)), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina, and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula.

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Bovinae

The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes.

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Bovine somatotropin

Bovine somatotropin or bovine somatotrophin (abbreviated bST and BST), or bovine growth hormone (BGH), is a peptide hormone produced by cows' pituitary glands.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Break-even

Break-even (or break even), often abbreviated as B/E in finance, is the point of balance making neither a profit nor a loss.

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Breakfast cereal

Breakfast cereal is a food product made from processed cereal grains that is often eaten as a breakfast in primarily Western societies.

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Breast milk

Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child.

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Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.

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Brown Swiss cattle

Brown Swiss is a Swiss breed of dairy cattle.

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Bulk tank

In dairy farming a bulk milk cooling tank is a large storage tank for cooling and holding milk at a cold temperature until it can be picked up by a milk hauler.

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Butterfat

Butterfat or milkfat is the fatty portion of milk.

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Buttermilk

Buttermilk refers to a number of dairy drinks.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Calcium phosphate

Calcium phosphate is a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions.

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Camel milk

Camel's milk has supported Bedouin, nomad and pastoral cultures since the domestication of camels millennia ago.

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Canadian dollar

The Canadian dollar (symbol: $; code: CAD; dollar canadien) is the currency of Canada.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).

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Carton

A carton is a box or container usually made of paperboard and sometimes of corrugated fiberboard.

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Casein

Casein ("kay-seen", from Latin caseus, "cheese") is a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, αS2, β, κ).

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Casomorphin

Casomorphin is an opioid peptide (protein fragment) derived from the digestion of the milk protein casein.

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Caspar Milquetoast

Caspar Milquetoast was a comic strip character created by H. T. Webster for his cartoon series The Timid Soul.

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Cavitation

Cavitation is the formation of vapour cavities in a liquid, small liquid-free zones ("bubbles" or "voids"), that are the consequence of forces acting upon the liquid.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.

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Centrifuge

A centrifuge is a piece of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis (spins it in a circle), applying a force perpendicular to the axis of spin (outward) that can be very strong.

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Chelation

Chelation is a type of bonding of ions and molecules to metal ions.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Chocolate milk

Chocolate milk is sweetened chocolate-flavored milk.

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Chromatography

Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture.

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Coca-Cola

Coca-Cola, or Coke (also Pemberton's Cola at certain Georgian vendors), is a carbonated soft drink produced by The Coca-Cola Company.

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Coconut milk

Coconut milk is the liquid that comes from the grated meat of a mature coconut.

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Codex Alimentarius

The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations relating to foods, food production, and food safety.

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Coeliac disease

Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine.

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Colloid

In chemistry, a colloid is a mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.

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Colostrum

Colostrum (known colloquially as beestings, bisnings or first milk) is the first form of milk produced by the mammary glands of mammals (including many humans) immediately following delivery of the newborn.

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Columbidae

Pigeons and doves constitute the animal family Columbidae and the order Columbiformes, which includes about 42 genera and 310 species.

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Comic strip

A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions.

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Condensed milk

Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed.

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Conjugated linoleic acid

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a family of at least 28 isomers of linoleic acid found mostly in the meat and dairy products derived from ruminants.

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Cooperative

A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise".

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Copenhagen

Copenhagen (København; Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark.

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Costco

Costco Wholesale Corporation, trading as Costco, is an American multinational corporation which operates a chain of membership-only warehouse clubs.

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Cream

Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.

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Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus.

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Crop milk

Crop milk is a secretion from the lining of the crop of parent birds that is regurgitated to young birds.

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Cruelty to animals

Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, animal neglect or animal cruelty, is the infliction by omission (animal neglect) or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon any non-human animal.

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Curd

Curds are a dairy product obtained by coagulating milk in a process called curdling.

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Cynodont

The cynodonts ("dog teeth") (clade Cynodontia) are therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 Ma).

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Dairy cattle

Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.

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Dairy product

Dairy products, milk products or lacticinia are a type of food produced from or containing the milk of mammals, primarily cattle, water buffaloes, goats, sheep, camels, and humans.

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Dairy Shorthorn

The Dairy Shorthorn is a British breed of dairy cattle.

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Delivery (commerce)

Delivery is the process of transporting goods from a source location to a predefined destination.

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Denatured alcohol

Denatured alcohol, also called methylated spirit (methylated spirits in Australia and New Zealand) or denatured rectified spirit, is ethanol that has additives to make it poisonous, bad tasting, foul smelling or nauseating, to discourage recreational consumption.

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Developed country

A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.

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Diarrhea

Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.

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Dietary Reference Intake

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies (United States).

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Digestion

Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma.

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Disaccharide

A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or bivose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are joined by glycosidic linkage.

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Domestic pig

The domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus or only Sus domesticus), often called swine, hog, or simply pig when there is no need to distinguish it from other pigs, is a large, even-toed ungulate.

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Domestic yak

The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a long-haired domesticated bovid found throughout the Himalayan region of the Indian subcontinent, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia.

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Domestication

Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which one group of organisms assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another group to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that second group.

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Donkey milk

Donkey milk (or ass milk/jenny milk) is the milk given by the domesticated donkey (Equus asinus).

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Dotdash

Dotdash (formerly About.com) is an American Internet-based network of content that publishes articles and videos about various subjects on its "topic sites", of which there are nearly 1,000.

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EC identification and health marks

Identification marks and health marks are the oval-shaped markings found on food products of animal origin in the European Community, required by European Union food safety regulations.

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Economic union

An economic union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a common market with a customs union.

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Electric charge

Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

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Electrolyte

An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.

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Emulsion

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable).

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Endorphins

Endorphins (contracted from "endogenous morphine") are endogenous opioid neuropeptides and peptide hormones in humans and other animals.

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Environmental vegetarianism

Environmental vegetarianism is the practice of vegetarianism or eating a plant-based diet based on the indications that animal-based industries are environmentally destructive or unsustainable.

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Enzyme

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.

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Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).

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Espresso

Espresso is coffee brewed by expressing or forcing out a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans.

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Estonia

Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.

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Eurasian Steppe

The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or the steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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Evaporated milk

Evaporated milk, known in some countries as unsweetened condensed milk, is a shelf-stable canned milk product with about 60% of the water removed from fresh milk.

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Exogeny

In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity is the fact of an action or object originating externally.

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Exorphin

Exorphins are exogenous opioid peptides, distinguished from endorphins (or endogenous opioid peptides).

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Express Dairies

Express Dairies is a former brand of Dairy Crest, that specialised almost entirely in home deliveries of milk and other dairy products.

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Farmers Union Iced Coffee

Farmers Union Iced Coffee is a flavoured milk drink popular in Australia, primarily the state of South Australia.

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Fermentation in food processing

Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic conditions.

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Fermented milk products

Fermented milk products, also known as cultured dairy foods, cultured dairy products, or cultured milk products, are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Leuconostoc.

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Fetus

A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Flash pasteurization

Flash pasteurization, also called "high-temperature short-time" (HTST) processing, is a method of heat pasteurization of perishable beverages like fruit and vegetable juices, beer, kosher wine, and some dairy products such as milk.

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Flavor

Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell.

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Flavored milk

Flavored milk is a sweetened dairy drink made with milk, sugar, colorings and artificial or natural flavorings.

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Fluorescent lamp

A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.

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Follow Me, Boys!

Follow Me, Boys! is a 1966 family film produced by Walt Disney Productions.

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Fonterra

Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited is a New Zealand multinational dairy co-operative owned by around 10,500 New Zealand farmers.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Food fortification

Food fortification or enrichment is the process of adding micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food.

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Foodborne illness

Foodborne illness (also foodborne disease and colloquially referred to as food poisoning) is any illness resulting from the food spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food, as well as toxins such as poisonous mushrooms and various species of beans that have not been boiled for at least 10 minutes.

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Forsythia

Forsythia is a genus of flowering plants in the olive family Oleaceae.

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French toast

French toast is a dish made of bread soaked in eggs and milk, then fried.

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Fungicide

Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores.

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Galactose

Galactose (galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 30% as sweet as sucrose.

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Gallon

The gallon is a unit of measurement for fluid capacity in both the US customary units and the British imperial systems of measurement.

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Gastrointestinal disease

Gastrointestinal diseases refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum, and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

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Genetic disorder

A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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Ghee

Ghee is a class of clarified butter that originated from the Indian subcontinent.

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Globules of fat

In human cell biology globules of fat are the individual pieces of intracellular fat inside other cell types than adipocytes (fat cells).

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Glucose

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.

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Gluten exorphin

Gluten exorphins are a group of opioid peptides formed during digestion of the gluten protein.

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Gluten-free, casein-free diet

Gluten-free casein-free diet (GFCF diet), also known as gluten-free dairy-free diet (GFDF diet), is a diet that does not include the proteins gluten (found most often in wheat, barley, and rye), and casein (found most often in milk and dairy products).

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Granola

Granola is a breakfast food and snack food consisting of rolled oats, nuts, honey or other sweeteners such as brown sugar, and sometimes puffed rice, that is usually baked until it is crisp, toasted and golden brown.

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Great Western Railway

The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the south-west and west of England, the Midlands, and most of Wales.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.

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Guernsey cattle

The Guernsey is a breed of dairy cattle from the island of Guernsey in the Channel Islands.

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H. T. Webster

Harold Tucker Webster (September 21, 1885 – September 22, 1952) was an American cartoonist known for The Timid Soul, Bridge, Life's Darkest Moments and others in his syndicated series which ran from the 1920s into the 1950s.

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Hera

Hera (Ἥρᾱ, Hērā; Ἥρη, Hērē in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of women, marriage, family, and childbirth in Ancient Greek religion and myth, one of the Twelve Olympians and the sister-wife of Zeus.

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Heracles

Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς, Hēraklês, Glory/Pride of Hēra, "Hera"), born Alcaeus (Ἀλκαῖος, Alkaios) or Alcides (Ἀλκείδης, Alkeidēs), was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of AmphitryonBy his adoptive descent through Amphitryon, Heracles receives the epithet Alcides, as "of the line of Alcaeus", father of Amphitryon.

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Hermes

Hermes (Ἑρμῆς) is an Olympian god in Greek religion and mythology, the son of Zeus and the Pleiad Maia, and the second youngest of the Olympian gods (Dionysus being the youngest).

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High-fructose corn syrup

High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (also called glucose-fructose, isoglucose and glucose-fructose syrup) is a sweetener made from corn starch that has been processed by glucose isomerase to convert some of its glucose into fructose.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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Hirschsprung's disease

Hirschsprung's disease (HD or HSCR) is a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine.

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Holstein Friesian cattle

Holstein Friesians (often shortened to Holsteins in North America, while the term Friesians is often used in the UK) are a breed of dairy cattle originating from the Dutch provinces of North Holland and Friesland, and Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany and Jutland.

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Homogenization (chemistry)

Homogenization or homogenisation is any of several processes used to make a mixture of two mutually non-soluble liquids the same throughout.

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Honey

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.

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Hong Kong-style milk tea

Hong Kong-style milk tea is a tea drink made from black tea and milk (usually evaporated milk or condensed milk).

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Hot chocolate

Hot chocolate, also known as Chocolate tea, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.

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Hot dog

A hot dog (also spelled hotdog), also known as a frankfurter (sometimes shortened to frank), dog, or wiener, is a cooked sausage, traditionally grilled or steamed and served in a partially sliced bun.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human milk bank

A human milk bank or breast milk bank is a service which collects, screens, processes, and dispenses by prescription human milk donated by nursing mothers who are not biologically related to the recipient infant.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

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Ice cream

Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.

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Ice milk

Ice milk, or iced milk, is a frozen dessert with less than 10 percent milk fat and the same sweetener content as ice cream.

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Imperial units

The system of imperial units or the imperial system (also known as British Imperial or Exchequer Standards of 1825) is the system of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824, which was later refined and reduced.

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Inborn errors of metabolism

Inborn errors of metabolism form a large class of genetic diseases involving congenital disorders of metabolism.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Infant

An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.

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Infant mortality

Infant mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age.

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Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine.

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Insulin-like growth factor 1

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGF1 gene.

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Intensive animal farming

Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also known as factory farming, is a production approach towards farm animals in order to maximize production output, while minimizing production costs.

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Iodine

Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.

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Irma S. Rombauer

Irma Starkloff Rombauer (October 30, 1877 – October 14, 1962) was an American cookbook author, best known for The Joy of Cooking (1931), one of the world's most widely read cookbooks.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Jainism

Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.

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Jersey cattle

The Jersey is a breed of small dairy cattle.

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K-Casein

Κ-Casein (or kappa casein) is a mammalian milk protein involved in a number of important physiological processes.

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Kefir

Kefir or kephir, alternatively milk kefir or búlgaros, is a fermented milk drink that originated in the Caucasus Mountains made with kefir "grains", a yeast/bacterial fermentation starter.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa with its capital and largest city in Nairobi.

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Kumis

Kumis (also spelled kumiss or koumiss or kumys, see other transliterations and cognate words below under terminology and etymology - Қымыз, qımız) is a fermented dairy product traditionally made from mare's milk.

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Kwik Trip

Kwik Trip/Kwik Star is a chain of convenience stores founded in 1965 with locations throughout Wisconsin and Minnesota under the name Kwik Trip, and in northeast Iowa under the name Kwik Star (to avoid confusion with QuikTrip).

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Lactase

Lactase is an enzyme produced by many organisms.

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Lactase persistence

Lactase persistence is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood.

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Lactation

Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.

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Lactic acid

Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.

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Lactobacillales

Lactobacillales or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an order of Gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait has, throughout history, linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Proteinaceous bacteriocins are produced by several LAB strains and provide an additional hurdle for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. The industrial importance of the LAB is further evidenced by their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, due to their ubiquitous appearance in food and their contribution to the healthy microflora of human mucosal surfaces. The genera that comprise the LAB are at its core Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as the more peripheral Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella; these belong to the order Lactobacillales.

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Lactobacillus

Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.

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Lactobacillus acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus (New Latin 'acid-loving milk-bacillus') is a species of gram positive bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease.

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Lactofree

Lactofree is a brand of lactose free dairy products aimed at individuals with lactose intolerance.

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Lactose

Lactose is a disaccharide.

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Lactose intolerance

Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products.

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Land of Israel

The Land of Israel is the traditional Jewish name for an area of indefinite geographical extension in the Southern Levant.

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Latte

A latte is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk.

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Leuconostoc

Leuconostoc is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae.

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Lifestyle disease

Lifestyle diseases are defined as diseases linked with the way people live their life.

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Lipid

In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.

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Lipophilicity

Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly"), refers to the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.

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List of dairy products

This is a list of dairy products.

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Listeria

Listeria is a genus of bacteria that, until 1992, contained 10 known species, each containing two subspecies.

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Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis.

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Louis Pasteur

Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.

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Low birth weight

Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of a infant of 2,499 g or less, regardless of gestational age.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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Maidenhead

Maidenhead is a large town in Berkshire, England, on the south-western bank of the River Thames.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Mammary gland

A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.

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Mammary ridge

The mammary ridge or mammary crest, is a primordium specific for the development of the mammary gland.

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Mantra

A "mantra" ((Sanskrit: मन्त्र)) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words in Sanskrit believed by practitioners to have psychological and spiritual powers.

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Mastitis

Mastitis is inflammation of the breast or udder, usually associated with breastfeeding.

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Megaloblastic anemia

Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis during red blood cell production.

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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.

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Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when the body produces excessive quantities of acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.

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Metrication

Metrication or metrification is conversion to the metric system of units of measurement.

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Micelle

A micelle or micella (plural micelles or micellae, respectively) is an aggregate (or supramolecular assembly) of surfactant molecules dispersed in a liquid colloid.

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Microfiltration

Microfiltration (commonly abbreviated to MF) is a type of physical filtration process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid.

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Micrometre

The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".

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MicroRNA

A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Milk allergy

Milk allergy is an adverse immune reaction to one or more proteins in cow's milk.

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Milk bag

Milk bags are plastic bags that contain milk.

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Milk bottle

Milk bottles are bottles used for milk.

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Milk float

In British English, a milk float is a vehicle specifically designed for the delivery of fresh milk.

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Milk paint

Milk paint is a nontoxic water-based paint.

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Milk round

The Milk round is the term commonly used in the UK to describe the phenomenon of companies touring universities each year, in order to advertise their opportunities and recruit students.

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Milk substitute

A milk substitute is a liquid meant to replace the milk from a mammal.

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Milk toast

Milk toast is a breakfast food consisting of toasted bread in warm milk, typically with sugar and butter.

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Milking

Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of cattle, water buffalo, goats, sheep and more rarely camels, horses and donkeys.

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Milkman

A milkman is a delivery person who delivers milk, often directly to customers' houses, in bottles or cartons.

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Milksop

No description.

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Milky Way

The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.

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Mineral (nutrient)

In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform functions necessary for life.

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Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates.

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Monotreme

Monotremes are one of the three main groups of living mammals, along with placentals (Eutheria) and marsupials (Metatheria).

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Moose milk

Moose milk, also known as elk milk, refers to milk produced by moose (Alces alces).

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Mother Earth News

Mother Earth News is a bi-monthly American magazine that has a circulation of 500,520.

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MTORC1

mTORC1, also known as mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, is a protein complex that functions as a nutrient/energy/redox sensor and controls protein synthesis.

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Multinational corporation

A multinational corporation (MNC) or worldwide enterprise is a corporate organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

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Murti

A Murti (Sanskrit: मूर्ति, IAST: Mūrti) literally means any form, embodiment or solid object, and typically refers to an image, statue or idol of a deity or person in Indian culture.

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National Health Service

The National Health Service (NHS) is the name used for each of the public health services in the United Kingdom – the National Health Service in England, NHS Scotland, NHS Wales, and Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland – as well as a term to describe them collectively.

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National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.

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National School Lunch Act

The Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (79 P.L. 396, 60 Stat. 230) is a United States federal law that created the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) to provide low-cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools.

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Natural History (magazine)

Natural History is a natural history magazine published in the United States.

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Nausea

Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.

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Neolithic Revolution

The Neolithic Revolution, Neolithic Demographic Transition, Agricultural Revolution, or First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly larger population possible.

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Neonatal infection

No description.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nomadic pastoralism

Nomadic pastoralism is a form of pastoralism when livestock are herded in order to find fresh pastures on which to graze.

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Obesity

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.

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Odor

An odor, odour or fragrance is always caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds.

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On Food and Cooking

On Food And Cooking: The Science And Lore Of The Kitchen is a book by Harold McGee, published by Scribner in the United States in 1984 and revised extensively for a 2004 second edition.

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Operation Flood

Operation Flood, launched in 1970, was a project of India's National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), which was the world's biggest dairy development program.

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Opioid

Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.

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Opioid food peptides

Opioid food peptides include.

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Opioid peptide

Opioid peptides are peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain; opiates and opioids mimic the effect of these peptides.

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Opioid receptor

Opioid receptors are a group of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors with opioids as ligands.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin.

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Particle aggregation

Particle agglomeration refers to formation of assemblages in a suspension and represents a mechanism leading to destabilization of colloidal systems.

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Pasteurization

Pasteurization or pasteurisation is a process in which packaged and non-packaged foods (such as milk and fruit juice) are treated with mild heat (Today, pasteurization is used widely in the dairy industry and other food processing industries to achieve food preservation and food safety. This process was named after the French scientist Louis Pasteur, whose research in the 1880s demonstrated that thermal processing would inactivate unwanted microorganisms in wine. Spoilage enzymes are also inactivated during pasteurization. Most liquid products are heat treated in a continuous system where heat can be applied using plate heat exchanger and/or direct or indirect use of steam and hot water. Due to the mild heat there are minor changes to the nutritional quality of foods as well as the sensory characteristics. Pascalization or high pressure processing (HPP) and Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) are non-thermal processes that are also used to pasteurize foods.

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Pastoralism

Pastoralism is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.

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Pathogen

In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.

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Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.

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Peptide

Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.

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PH

In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Phospholipid

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes.

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Pinniped

Pinnipeds, commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals.

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Pint

The pint (symbol pt, sometimes abbreviated as "p") is a unit of volume or capacity in both the imperial and United States customary measurement systems.

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Plasmalogen

There are two types of ether phospholipids, plasmanyl- and plasmenyl-phospholipids.

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Plastic bottle

A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from plastic.

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Plastic-coated paper

Plastic-coated paper is a coated or laminated composite material made of paper or paperboard with a plastic layer or treatment on a surface.

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Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

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Political union

A political union is a type of state which is composed of or created out of smaller states.

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Polyethylene terephthalate

Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibres for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fibre for engineering resins.

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Pontic–Caspian steppe

The Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe or Ukrainian steppe is the vast steppeland stretching from the northern shores of the Black Sea (called Euxeinos Pontos in antiquity) as far east as the Caspian Sea, from Moldova and eastern Ukraine across the Southern Federal District and the Volga Federal District of Russia to western Kazakhstan, forming part of the larger Eurasian steppe, adjacent to the Kazakh steppe to the east.

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Porridge

Porridge (also historically spelled porage, porrige, parritch) is a food commonly eaten as a breakfast cereal dish, made by boiling ground, crushed or chopped starchy plants—typically grain—in water or milk.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Powdered milk

Powdered milk or dried milk is a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.

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Preterm birth

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Public Health Act

Public Health Act is a stock short title used in the United Kingdom for legislation relating to public health.

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Pudding

Pudding is a type of food that can be either a dessert or a savory dish.

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Quart

The quart (abbreviation qt.) is an English unit of volume equal to a quarter gallon.

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

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Ramadan

Ramadan (رمضان,;In Arabic phonology, it can be, depending on the region. also known as Ramazan, romanized as Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.

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Rancidification

Rancidity is the complete or incomplete oxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, moisture or by bacterial action, resulting in unpleasant taste and odor, which may be described as rancidity.

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Raw milk

Raw milk is milk that has not been pasteurized, a process where milk products are heated to decontaminate it for safe drinking.

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Refrigerator

A refrigerator (colloquially fridge, or fridgefreezer in the UK) is a popular household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump (mechanical, electronic or chemical) that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room.

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Reindeer

The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), also known as the caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic, tundra, boreal and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia and North America.

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Retinyl palmitate

Retinyl palmitate, or vitamin A palmitate, is the ester of retinol (vitamin A) and palmitic acid, with formula C36H60O2.

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Reuse

Reuse is the action or practice of using something again, whether for its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfil a different function (creative reuse or repurposing).

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Riboflavin

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Rice milk

Rice milk is a grain milk made from rice.

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Sam's Club

Sam's West, Inc. (doing business as Sam's Club and stylized as Sam's CLUB) is an American chain of membership-only retail warehouse clubs owned and operated by Walmart Inc., founded in 1983 and named after Walmart founder Sam Walton.

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Saturated fat

A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds.

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Secondary products revolution

Andrew Sherratt's model of a secondary products revolution involved a widespread and broadly contemporaneous set of innovations in Old World farming.

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Selenium

Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.

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Separator (milk)

A separator is a centrifugal device that separates milk into cream and skimmed milk.

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Serbia

Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.

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Sheep milk

Sheep's milk (or ewes' milk) is the milk of domestic sheep.

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Shelf life

Shelf life is the length of time that a commodity may be stored without becoming unfit for use, consumption, or sale.

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Skimmed milk

Skimmed milk (British English), or skim milk (American English), is made when all the cream (also called milkfat) is removed from whole milk.

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Small intestine

The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.

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Smoked meat

Smoked meat is a method of preparing red meat (and fish) which originates in prehistory.

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Sour cream

Sour cream is a dairy product obtained by fermenting regular cream with certain kinds of lactic acid bacteria.

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Soured milk

Soured milk denotes a range of food products produced by the acidification of milk.

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South Australia

South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Southwark

Southwark is a district of Central London and part of the London Borough of Southwark.

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Soy milk

Soy milk or soymilk is a plant-based drink produced by soaking and grinding soybeans, boiling the mixture, and filtering out remaining particulates.

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Spinach

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia.

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Square milk jug

The square milk jug is a variant of the plastic gallon (3.785 litres) container of milk commonly sold in the United States.

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St Thomas' Hospital

St Thomas' Hospital is a large NHS teaching hospital in Central London, England.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.

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Stokes's law

In 1851, George Gabriel Stokes derived an expression, now known as Stokes's law, for the frictional force – also called drag force – exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid.

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Streptococcus

Streptococcus (term coined by Viennese surgeon Albert Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) from strepto- "twisted" + Modern Latin coccus "spherical bacterium," from Greek kokkos meaning "berry") is a genus of coccus (spherical) Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria).

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Surface area

The surface area of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies.

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Suspension (chemistry)

In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Symptom

A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.

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Taste

Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

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Tetra Brik

Tetra Brik is a brand name for a carton package produced by the Swedish packaging company Tetra Pak.

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The BMJ

The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.

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The Joy of Cooking

Joy of Cooking, often known as "The Joy of Cooking", is one of the United States' most-published cookbooks.

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The Maritimes

The Maritimes, also called the Maritime provinces (Provinces maritimes) or the Canadian Maritimes, is a region of Eastern Canada consisting of three provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (PEI).

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Thiamine

Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a vitamin found in food, and manufactured as a dietary supplement and medication.

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Tonne

The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.

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Transparency and translucency

In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered.

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Trickster

In mythology, and in the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a character in a story (god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or anthropomorphisation), which exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge, and uses it to play tricks or otherwise disobey normal rules and conventional behaviour.

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Tritylodontidae

Tritylodontidae ("three-knob teeth", named after the shape of animal's teeth) is an extinct family of small to medium-sized, highly specialized mammal-like cynodonts, bearing several mammalian traits like erect limbs, endothermy and details of the skeleton.

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Turbulence

In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is any pattern of fluid motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Ultra-high-temperature processing

Ultra-high temperature processing (UHT), ultra-heat treatment, or ultra-pasteurization is a food processing technology that sterilizes liquid food, chiefly milk, by heating it above – the temperature required to kill spores in milk – for 1 to 2 seconds.

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Ultrafiltered milk

Ultrafiltered milk (UF milk), also known as diafiltered milk, is a subclassification of milk protein concentrate that is produced by passing milk under pressure through a thin, porous membrane to separate the components of milk according to their size.

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Ultrafiltration

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces like pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

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Ungulate

Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America.

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Valio

Valio Ltd (Valio Oy) is a Finnish manufacturer of dairy products and one of the largest companies in Finland.

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Veal

Veal is the meat of calves, in contrast to the beef from older cattle.

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Vegan Outreach

Vegan Outreach is an American grassroots animal advocacy group working to promote veganism through the widespread distribution of printed informational booklets.

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Veganism

Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.

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Vending machine

A vending machine is an automated machine that provides items such as snacks, beverages, cigarettes and lottery tickets to consumers after money, a credit card, or specially designed card is inserted into the machine.

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Vertically transmitted infection

A vertically transmitted infection is an infection caused by pathogens (such as bacteria and viruses) that uses mother-to-child transmission, that is, transmission directly from the mother to an embryo, fetus, or baby during pregnancy or childbirth.

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Viili

Viili (Finnish) or filbunke (Swedish, or simply fil) is a mesophilic fermented milk product found in Finland that originated in Scandinavia.

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Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).

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Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body: it is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

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Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.

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Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.

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Vitamin K

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, Danish for "coagulation") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.

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Walmart

Walmart Inc. (formerly branded as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.

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Warehouse club

A warehouse club (or wholesale club) is a retail store, usually selling a wide variety of merchandise, in which customers may buy large, wholesale quantities of the store's products, which makes these clubs attractive to both bargain hunters and small business owners.

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Water buffalo

The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) or domestic Asian water buffalo is a large bovid originating in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China.

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Water content

Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood.

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Whey

Whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained.

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Whey protein

Whey protein is a mixture of globular proteins isolated from whey, the liquid material created as a by-product of cheese production.

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White blood cell

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

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World Cancer Research Fund International

World Cancer Research Fund International is a not-for-profit association related to cancer prevention research related to diet, weight and physical activity.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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Xanthine oxidase

Xanthine oxidase (XO, sometimes XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species.

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Yogurt

Yogurt, yoghurt, or yoghourt (or; from yoğurt; other spellings listed below) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.

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Zebu

A zebu (Bos primigenius indicus or Bos indicus or Bos taurus indicus), sometimes known as indicine cattle or humped cattle, is a species or subspecies of domestic cattle originating in the Indian Subcontinent.

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Animal milk, Benefits of Drinking Milk, Bovine milk, Cow milk, Cow's milk, Cows’ milk, Cow’s milk, Dairy milk, Evolution of lactation, Food milk, Homo milk, Homogenized Milk, Homogenized milk, Liquid Milk, Liquid milk, Low fat milk, Low-fat milk, Lowfat milk, Mammal milk, Microfiltered milk, Milk (beverage), Milk (drink), Milk jugs, Milk protein, Milk proteins, Milker, Reduced fat milk, Reduced-fat milk, Sterilized milk, Sweet milk, Whole Milk, Whole milk, 🥛.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk

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