Table of Contents
205 relations: Acetabulum, Acromion, Akidolestes, Animal locomotion, Arboreal locomotion, Articular bone, Articular process, Avemetatarsalia, Base of skull, Biceps, Bicipital groove, Bienotherium, Biozone, Botucaraitherium, Brasilodon, Calcaneus, Candelária, Rio Grande do Sul, Canine tooth, Capitulum of the humerus, Cargninia, Cartilage, Caturrita Formation, Cerebral hemisphere, Cheek teeth, Cingulum (tooth), Cladogram, Clevosaurus, Condyloid process, Coracobrachialis muscle, Coracoid, Crista interfenestralis, Crown (tooth), Cynodontia, Cynognathia, Deciduous teeth, Diastema, Dicynodontia, Diphyodont, Docodonta, Early Triassic, Encephalization quotient, Endocast, Entepicondylar foramen, Epicynodontia, Faxinal do Soturno, Faxinalipterus, Femoral head, Femoral neck, Femur, Fibrocartilage, ... Expand index (155 more) »
- Late Triassic synapsids of South America
- Prozostrodontia
Acetabulum
The acetabulum (acetabula), also called the cotyloid cavity, is a concave surface of the pelvis.
Acromion
In human anatomy, the acromion (from Greek: akros, "highest", ōmos, "shoulder",: acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade).
Akidolestes
Akidolestes is an extinct genus of mammals of the family Spalacotheriidae, a group of mammals related to therians (the subclass containing marsupials and placentals).
See Brasilodon and Akidolestes
Animal locomotion
In ethology, animal locomotion is any of a variety of methods that animals use to move from one place to another.
See Brasilodon and Animal locomotion
Arboreal locomotion
Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees.
See Brasilodon and Arboreal locomotion
Articular bone
The articular bone is part of the lower jaw of most vertebrates, including most jawed fish, amphibians, birds and various kinds of reptiles, as well as ancestral mammals.
See Brasilodon and Articular bone
Articular process
The articular process or zygapophysis (+ apophysis) of a vertebra is a projection of the vertebra that serves the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra.
See Brasilodon and Articular process
Avemetatarsalia
Avemetatarsalia (meaning "bird metatarsals") is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all archosaurs more closely related to birds than to crocodilians.
See Brasilodon and Avemetatarsalia
Base of skull
The base of skull, also known as the cranial base or the cranial floor, is the most inferior area of the skull.
See Brasilodon and Base of skull
Biceps
The biceps or biceps brachii (musculus biceps brachii, "two-headed muscle of the arm") are a large muscle that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the elbow.
Bicipital groove
The bicipital groove (intertubercular groove, sulcus intertubercularis) is a deep groove on the humerus that separates the greater tubercle from the lesser tubercle.
See Brasilodon and Bicipital groove
Bienotherium
Bienotherium is an extinct genus of cynodonts from the Early Jurassic of China discovered by Bian Meinian (Mei Nien Bien).
See Brasilodon and Bienotherium
Biozone
In biostratigraphy, biostratigraphic units or biozones are intervals of geological strata that are defined on the basis of their characteristic fossil taxa, as opposed to a lithostratigraphic unit which is defined by the lithological properties of the surrounding rock.
Botucaraitherium
Botucaraitherium is an extinct genus of prozostrodontian cynodonts from the early Norian ''Riograndia'' Assemblage Zone in the Candelária Formation of the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil. Brasilodon and Botucaraitherium are fossils of Brazil, late Triassic synapsids of South America, Norian genera, Paraná Basin and prozostrodontia.
See Brasilodon and Botucaraitherium
Brasilodon
Brasilodon ("tooth from Brazil") is an extinct genus of small, mammal-like cynodonts that lived in what is now Brazil during the Norian age of the Late Triassic epoch, about 225.42 million years ago. Brasilodon and Brasilodon are fossil taxa described in 2003, fossils of Brazil, late Triassic synapsids of South America, Norian genera, Paraná Basin, prozostrodontia, taxa named by José Bonaparte and transitional fossils.
Calcaneus
In humans and many other primates, the calcaneus (from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel;: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel.
Candelária, Rio Grande do Sul
Candelária is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
See Brasilodon and Candelária, Rio Grande do Sul
Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth.
See Brasilodon and Canine tooth
Capitulum of the humerus
In human anatomy of the arm, the capitulum of the humerus is a smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus.
See Brasilodon and Capitulum of the humerus
Cargninia
Cargninia is an extinct genus of basal lepidosauromorph from the Late Triassic of Brazil. Brasilodon and Cargninia are fossils of Brazil and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
Cartilage
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue.
Caturrita Formation
The Caturrita Formation is a rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brasilodon and Caturrita Formation are Paraná Basin.
See Brasilodon and Caturrita Formation
Cerebral hemisphere
The vertebrate cerebrum (brain) is formed by two cerebral hemispheres that are separated by a groove, the longitudinal fissure.
See Brasilodon and Cerebral hemisphere
Cheek teeth
Cheek teeth or postcanines comprise the molar and premolar teeth in mammals.
See Brasilodon and Cheek teeth
Cingulum (tooth)
In dentistry, cingulum (Latin: girdle or belt) refers to an anatomical feature of the teeth.
See Brasilodon and Cingulum (tooth)
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
Clevosaurus
Clevosaurus (meaning "Gloucester lizard") is an extinct genus of rhynchocephalian reptile from the Late Triassic and the Early Jurassic periods.
See Brasilodon and Clevosaurus
Condyloid process
The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human and other mammalian species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle.
See Brasilodon and Condyloid process
Coracobrachialis muscle
The coracobrachialis muscle is a muscle in the upper medial part of the arm.
See Brasilodon and Coracobrachialis muscle
Coracoid
A coracoid (from Greek κόραξ, koraks, raven) is a paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly in all vertebrates except therian mammals (marsupials and placentals).
Crista interfenestralis
The crista interfenestralis is an anatomical feature found in the inner ear of many reptiles.
See Brasilodon and Crista interfenestralis
Crown (tooth)
In dentistry, crown refers to the anatomical area of teeth, usually covered by enamel.
See Brasilodon and Crown (tooth)
Cynodontia
Cynodontia is a clade of eutheriodont therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 mya), and extensively diversified after the Permian–Triassic extinction event.
Cynognathia
Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia.
See Brasilodon and Cynognathia
Deciduous teeth
Deciduous teeth or primary teeth, also informally known as baby teeth, milk teeth, or temporary teeth,Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 255 are the first set of teeth in the growth and development of humans and other diphyodonts, which include most mammals but not elephants, kangaroos, or manatees, which are polyphyodonts.
See Brasilodon and Deciduous teeth
Diastema
A diastema (diastemata, from Greek διάστημα, 'space') is a space or gap between two teeth.
Dicynodontia
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid.
See Brasilodon and Dicynodontia
Diphyodont
A diphyodont is any animal with two sets of teeth, initially the deciduous set and consecutively the permanent set.
Docodonta
Docodonta is an order of extinct Mesozoic mammaliaforms (advanced cynodonts closely related to true crown-group mammals).
Early Triassic
The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale.
See Brasilodon and Early Triassic
Encephalization quotient
Encephalization quotient (EQ), encephalization level (EL), or just encephalization is a relative brain size measure that is defined as the ratio between observed and predicted brain mass for an animal of a given size, based on nonlinear regression on a range of reference species.
See Brasilodon and Encephalization quotient
Endocast
An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms.
Entepicondylar foramen
The entepicondylar foramen is an opening in the distal (far) end of the humerus (upper arm bone) present in some mammals.
See Brasilodon and Entepicondylar foramen
Epicynodontia
Epicynodontia is a clade of cynodont therapsids that includes most cynodonts, such as galesaurids, thrinaxodontids, and Eucynodontia (including mammals).
See Brasilodon and Epicynodontia
Faxinal do Soturno
Faxinal do Soturno is a municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
See Brasilodon and Faxinal do Soturno
Faxinalipterus
Faxinalipterus is a genus of ornithodiran archosaur, originally described as a pterosaur, from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil. Brasilodon and Faxinalipterus are fossils of Brazil, Paraná Basin and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
See Brasilodon and Faxinalipterus
Femoral head
The femoral head (femur head or head of the femur) is the highest part of the thigh bone (femur).
See Brasilodon and Femoral head
Femoral neck
The femoral neck (femur neck or neck of the femur) is a flattened pyramidal process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft, and forming with the latter a wide angle opening medialward.
See Brasilodon and Femoral neck
Femur
The femur (femurs or femora), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh.
Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions.
See Brasilodon and Fibrocartilage
Foramen
In anatomy and osteology, a foramen (foramina, or foramens) is an opening or enclosed gap within the dense connective tissue (bones and deep fasciae) of extant and extinct amniote animals, typically to allow passage of nerves, arteries, veins or other soft tissue structures (e.g. muscle tendon) from one body compartment to another.
Forearm
The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist.
Fossorial
A fossorial animal is one that is adapted to digging and which lives primarily (but not solely) underground.
Glenoid fossa
The glenoid fossa of the scapula or the glenoid cavity is a bone part of the shoulder.
See Brasilodon and Glenoid fossa
Greater trochanter
The greater trochanter of the femur is a large, irregular, quadrilateral eminence and a part of the skeletal system.
See Brasilodon and Greater trochanter
Greater tubercle
The greater tubercle of the humerus is the outward part the upper end of that bone, adjacent to the large rounded prominence of the humerus head.
See Brasilodon and Greater tubercle
Guaibasaurus
Guaibasaurus is an extinct genus of basal saurischian dinosaur known from the Late Triassic Caturrita Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Brasilodon and Guaibasaurus are fossils of Brazil and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
See Brasilodon and Guaibasaurus
Haldanodon
Haldanodon is an extinct docodont mammaliaform which lived in the Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian, about 145 million years ago).
Haramiyida
Haramiyida is a possibly paraphyletic order of mammaliaform cynodonts or mammals of controversial taxonomic affinites. Brasilodon and Haramiyida are transitional fossils.
Heterodont
In anatomy, a heterodont (from Greek, meaning 'different teeth') is an animal which possesses more than a single tooth morphology.
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described.
Humerus
The humerus (humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.
Ilium (bone)
The ilium (ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.
See Brasilodon and Ilium (bone)
Incertae sedis
of uncertain placement or problematica is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.
See Brasilodon and Incertae sedis
Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals.
Incus
The incus (incudes) or anvil in the ear is one of three small bones (ossicles) in the middle ear.
Induan
The Induan is the first age of the Early Triassic epoch in the geologic timescale, or the lowest stage of the Lower Triassic series in chronostratigraphy.
Infraspinous fossa
The infraspinous fossa (infraspinatus fossa or infraspinatous fossa) of the scapula is much larger than the supraspinatous fossa; toward its vertebral margin a shallow concavity is seen at its upper part; its center presents a prominent convexity, while near the axillary border is a deep groove which runs from the upper toward the lower part.
See Brasilodon and Infraspinous fossa
Insectivore
robber fly eating a hoverfly An insectivore is a carnivorous animal or plant that eats insects.
See Brasilodon and Insectivore
Intertrochanteric crest
The intertrochanteric crest is a prominent bony ridge upon the posterior surface of the femur at the junction of the neck and the shaft of the femur.
See Brasilodon and Intertrochanteric crest
Irajatherium
Irajatherium is an extinct genus of cynodonts, known only of the type species Irajatherium hernandezi. Brasilodon and Irajatherium are fossils of Brazil, late Triassic synapsids of South America, Paraná Basin and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
See Brasilodon and Irajatherium
Ischium
The ischium (ischia) forms the lower and back region of the hip bone (os coxae).
Jachaleria
Jachaleria was a dicynodont herbivore that lived from the Ladinian to Norian stages of the Middle to Late Triassic, from approximately 240 to 220 million years ago. Brasilodon and Jachaleria are fossils of Brazil, late Triassic synapsids of South America, Norian genera, Paraná Basin and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
José Bonaparte
José Fernando Bonaparte (14 June 1928–18 February 2020) was an Argentine paleontologist who discovered a plethora of South American dinosaurs and mentored a new generation of Argentine paleontologists.
See Brasilodon and José Bonaparte
Kayentatherium
Kayentatherium is an extinct genus of tritylodontid cynodonts that lived during the Early Jurassic.
See Brasilodon and Kayentatherium
Kryoryctes
Kryoryctes is a genus of prehistoric monotreme mammal from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) Eumeralla Formation of Victoria, Australia from the Otway Group of Dinosaur Cove.
Ladinian
The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch.
Lambdoid suture
The lambdoid suture (or lambdoidal suture) is a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone.
See Brasilodon and Lambdoid suture
Lanceirosphenodon
Lanceirosphenodon is an extinct genus of sphenodontian from the Late Triassic Candelária Formation of Brazil.
See Brasilodon and Lanceirosphenodon
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch of the Triassic Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago).
See Brasilodon and Late Triassic
Lateral condyle of femur
The lateral condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of the femur.
See Brasilodon and Lateral condyle of femur
Lateral condyle of tibia
The lateral condyle is the lateral portion of the upper extremity of tibia.
See Brasilodon and Lateral condyle of tibia
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is a large, tuberculated eminence, curved a little forward, and giving attachment to the radial collateral ligament of the elbow joint, and to a tendon common to the origin of the supinator and some of the extensor muscles.
See Brasilodon and Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Lepidosauromorpha
Lepidosauromorpha (in PhyloCode known as Pan-Lepidosauria) is a group of reptiles comprising all diapsids closer to lizards than to archosaurs (which include crocodiles and birds).
See Brasilodon and Lepidosauromorpha
Lesser trochanter
In human anatomy, the lesser trochanter is a conical, posteromedial, bony projection from the shaft of the femur.
See Brasilodon and Lesser trochanter
Lesser tubercle
The lesser tubercle of the humerus, although smaller, is more prominent than the greater tubercle: it is situated in front, and is directed medially and anteriorly.
See Brasilodon and Lesser tubercle
Ligament
A ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones.
Lissencephaly
Lissencephaly (meaning 'smooth brain') is a set of rare brain disorders whereby the whole or parts of the surface of the brain appear smooth.
See Brasilodon and Lissencephaly
Macrocollum
Macrocollum is a genus of unaysaurid sauropodomorph dinosaur that lived during the Late Triassic period (early Norian) in what is now Brazil. Brasilodon and Macrocollum are fossils of Brazil and Paraná Basin.
See Brasilodon and Macrocollum
Maehary
Maehary (meaning "one who looks to the sky" in Guaraní) is an extinct genus of probable gracilisuchid pseudosuchian archosaurs from the Late Triassic (Norian) Caturrita Formation of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brasilodon and Maehary are fossils of Brazil and Paraná Basin.
Malleus
The malleus, or hammer, is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear.
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
Mammaliaformes
Mammaliaformes ("mammalian forms") is a clade that contains the crown group mammals and their closest extinct relatives; the group radiated from earlier probainognathian cynodonts. Brasilodon and Mammaliaformes are prozostrodontia.
See Brasilodon and Mammaliaformes
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliamorpha is a clade of cynodonts. Brasilodon and Mammaliamorpha are prozostrodontia.
See Brasilodon and Mammaliamorpha
Mandible
In jawed vertebrates, the mandible (from the Latin mandibula, 'for chewing'), lower jaw, or jawbone is a bone that makes up the lowerand typically more mobilecomponent of the mouth (the upper jaw being known as the maxilla).
Mandibular nerve
In neuroanatomy, the mandibular nerve (V) is the largest of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth cranial nerve (CN V).
See Brasilodon and Mandibular nerve
Mandibular symphysis
In human anatomy, the facial skeleton of the skull the external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the mandibular symphysis (Latin: symphysis menti) or line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible typically fuse in the first year of life (6–9 months after birth).
See Brasilodon and Mandibular symphysis
Marsupial
Marsupials are a diverse group of mammals belonging to the infraclass Marsupialia.
Massetognathus
Massetognathus (Greek for "chewing muscle jaw") is an extinct genus of plant-eating traversodontid cynodonts. Brasilodon and Massetognathus are fossils of Brazil and late Triassic synapsids of South America.
See Brasilodon and Massetognathus
Maxillary nerve
In neuroanatomy, the maxillary nerve (V) is one of the three branches or divisions of the trigeminal nerve, the fifth (CN V) cranial nerve.
See Brasilodon and Maxillary nerve
Meckelian groove
The Meckelian groove (or Meckel's groove, Meckelian fossa, or Meckelian foramen, or Meckelian canal) is an opening in the medial (inner) surface of the mandible (lower jaw) which exposes the Meckelian cartilage.
See Brasilodon and Meckelian groove
Medial condyle of femur
The medial condyle is one of the two projections on the lower extremity of femur, the other being the lateral condyle.
See Brasilodon and Medial condyle of femur
Medial condyle of tibia
The medial condyle is the medial (or inner) portion of the upper extremity of tibia.
See Brasilodon and Medial condyle of tibia
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
The medial epicondyle of the humerus is an epicondyle of the humerus bone of the upper arm in humans.
See Brasilodon and Medial epicondyle of the humerus
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.
Metacarpal bones
In human anatomy, the metacarpal bones or metacarpus, also known as the "palm bones", are the appendicular bones that form the intermediate part of the hand between the phalanges (fingers) and the carpal bones (wrist bones), which articulate with the forearm.
See Brasilodon and Metacarpal bones
Metatarsal bones
The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges (toes).
See Brasilodon and Metatarsal bones
Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy.
See Brasilodon and Middle Triassic
Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth.
See Brasilodon and Molar (tooth)
Mole (animal)
Moles are small mammals adapted to a subterranean lifestyle.
See Brasilodon and Mole (animal)
Monotreme
Monotremes are mammals of the order Monotremata.
Monotypic taxon
In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon.
See Brasilodon and Monotypic taxon
Morganucodon
Morganucodon ("Glamorgan tooth") is an early mammaliaform genus that lived from the Late Triassic to the Middle Jurassic. Brasilodon and Morganucodon are transitional fossils.
See Brasilodon and Morganucodon
Morganucodonta
Morganucodonta ("Glamorgan teeth") is an extinct order of basal Mammaliaformes, a group including crown-group mammals (Mammalia) and their close relatives.
See Brasilodon and Morganucodonta
Multituberculata
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years.
See Brasilodon and Multituberculata
Neocortex
The neocortex, also called the neopallium, isocortex, or the six-layered cortex, is a set of layers of the mammalian cerebral cortex involved in higher-order brain functions such as sensory perception, cognition, generation of motor commands, spatial reasoning and language.
Neurocranium
In human anatomy, the neurocranium, also known as the braincase, brainpan, or brain-pan, is the upper and back part of the skull, which forms a protective case around the brain.
See Brasilodon and Neurocranium
Norian
The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period.
Obturator foramen
The obturator foramen is the large, bilaterally paired opening of the bony pelvis.
See Brasilodon and Obturator foramen
Occipital condyles
The occipital condyles are undersurface protuberances of the occipital bone in vertebrates, which function in articulation with the superior facets of the atlas vertebra.
See Brasilodon and Occipital condyles
Olecranon
The olecranon, is a large, thick, curved bony process on the proximal, posterior end of the ulna.
Olecranon fossa
The olecranon fossa is a deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea.
See Brasilodon and Olecranon fossa
Olfactory bulb
The olfactory bulb (Latin: bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell.
See Brasilodon and Olfactory bulb
Oligokyphus
Oligokyphus ("few cusps") is an extinct genus of herbivorous tritylodontid cynodont known from the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic of Europe, Asia and North America.
See Brasilodon and Oligokyphus
Orbit (anatomy)
In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.
See Brasilodon and Orbit (anatomy)
Oval
An oval is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg.
Pachygenelus
Pachygenelus is an extinct genus of tritheledontid cynodonts.
See Brasilodon and Pachygenelus
Palatine bone
In anatomy, the palatine bones (derived from the Latin palatum) are two irregular bones of the facial skeleton in many animal species, located above the uvula in the throat.
See Brasilodon and Palatine bone
Panchetocynodon
Panchetocynodon is an extinct genus of cynodonts from and named after the Early Triassic (Induan) Panchet Formation of India.
See Brasilodon and Panchetocynodon
Paraná Basin
The Paraná Basin (Bacia do Paraná, Cuenca del Paraná) is a large cratonic sedimentary basin situated in the central-eastern part of South America.
See Brasilodon and Paraná Basin
Pelvis
The pelvis (pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton).
Periodontal fiber
The periodontal ligament, commonly abbreviated as the PDL, are a group of specialized connective tissue fibers that essentially attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which they sit.
See Brasilodon and Periodontal fiber
Permanent teeth
Permanent teeth or adult teeth are the second set of teeth formed in diphyodont mammals.
See Brasilodon and Permanent teeth
Petrous part of the temporal bone
The petrous part of the temporal bone is pyramid-shaped and is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones.
See Brasilodon and Petrous part of the temporal bone
Phalanx bone
The phalanges (phalanx) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates.
See Brasilodon and Phalanx bone
Phylogenetics
In biology, phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms.
See Brasilodon and Phylogenetics
Phytosaur
Phytosaurs (Φυτόσαυροι in greek, meaning 'plant lizard') are an extinct group of large, mostly semiaquatic Late Triassic archosauriform reptiles.
Placentalia
Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia.
See Brasilodon and Placentalia
Polyphyodont
A polyphyodont is any animal whose teeth are continually replaced.
See Brasilodon and Polyphyodont
Popliteal fossa
The popliteal fossa (also referred to as hough or kneepit in analogy to the cubital fossa) is a shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint.
See Brasilodon and Popliteal fossa
Postorbital bar
The postorbital bar (or postorbital bone) is a bony arched structure that connects the frontal bone of the skull to the zygomatic arch, which runs laterally around the eye socket.
See Brasilodon and Postorbital bar
Postorbital bone
The postorbital is one of the bones in vertebrate skulls which forms a portion of the dermal skull roof and, sometimes, a ring about the orbit.
See Brasilodon and Postorbital bone
Prefrontal bone
The prefrontal bone is a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls.
See Brasilodon and Prefrontal bone
Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth.
Primary palate
Around the 5th week, the intermaxillary segment arises as a result of fusion of the two medial nasal processes and the frontonasal process within the embryo.
See Brasilodon and Primary palate
Probainognathia
Probainognathia is one of the two major subgroups of the clade Eucynodontia, the other being Cynognathia.
See Brasilodon and Probainognathia
Probainognathus
Probainognathus meaning “progressive jaw” is an extinct genus of cynodonts that lived around 235 to 221.5 million years ago, during the Late Triassic in what is now Argentina. Brasilodon and Probainognathus are late Triassic synapsids of South America.
See Brasilodon and Probainognathus
Procolophonidae
Procolophonidae is an extinct family of small, lizard-like parareptiles known from the Late Permian to Late Triassic that were distributed across Pangaea, having been reported from Europe, North America, China, South Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia.
See Brasilodon and Procolophonidae
Procynosuchus
Procynosuchus (Greek: "Before dog crocodile") is an extinct genus of cynodonts from the Late Permian. Brasilodon and Procynosuchus are transitional fossils.
See Brasilodon and Procynosuchus
Promontory of tympanic cavity
The promontory of the tympanic cavity, also known as the cochlear promontory is a rounded hollow prominence upon - and most prominent feature of - the medial wall of the tympanic cavity formed by the underlying first turn of the cochlea.
See Brasilodon and Promontory of tympanic cavity
Protheriodon
Protheriodon is an extinct genus of probainognathian cynodonts which existed in the Santa Maria Formation of the Paraná Basin in southeastern Brazil during the middle Triassic period. Brasilodon and Protheriodon are fossils of Brazil and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
See Brasilodon and Protheriodon
Prozostrodon
Prozostrodon is an extinct genus of probainognathian cynodonts that was closely related to mammals. Brasilodon and Prozostrodon are fossils of Brazil, late Triassic synapsids of South America, Paraná Basin, prozostrodontia and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
See Brasilodon and Prozostrodon
Prozostrodontia
Prozostrodontia is a clade of cynodonts including mammaliaforms and their closest relatives such as Tritheledontidae and Tritylodontidae.
See Brasilodon and Prozostrodontia
Pseudotherium
Pseudotherium ("false beast") is an extinct genus of prozostrodontian cynodonts from the Late Triassic of Argentina. Brasilodon and Pseudotherium are late Triassic synapsids of South America and prozostrodontia.
See Brasilodon and Pseudotherium
Pterygoid bone
The pterygoid is a paired bone forming part of the palate of many vertebrates, behind the palatine bones.
See Brasilodon and Pterygoid bone
Pubis (bone)
In vertebrates, the pubis or pubic bone (os pubis) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone.
See Brasilodon and Pubis (bone)
Quadrate bone
The quadrate bone is a skull bone in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids.
See Brasilodon and Quadrate bone
Radial notch
The radial notch of the ulna (lesser sigmoid cavity) is a narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the radius.
See Brasilodon and Radial notch
Radial tuberosity
Beneath the neck of the radius, on the medial side, is an eminence, the radial tuberosity; its surface is divided into.
See Brasilodon and Radial tuberosity
Radius (bone)
The radius or radial bone (radii or radiuses) is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna.
See Brasilodon and Radius (bone)
Rib
In vertebrate anatomy, ribs (costae) are the long curved bones which form the rib cage, part of the axial skeleton.
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul ("Great River of the South") is a state in the southern region of Brazil.
See Brasilodon and Rio Grande do Sul
Riograndia
Riograndia is an extinct genus of prozostrodontian cynodonts from the Late Triassic of Brazil. Brasilodon and Riograndia are fossils of Brazil, late Triassic synapsids of South America, Norian genera, Paraná Basin and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
Root canal
A root canal is the naturally occurring anatomic space within the root of a tooth.
Sacisaurus
Sacisaurus ("Saci lizard") is a silesaurid dinosauriform from the Late Triassic (Norian) Caturrita Formation of southern Brazil. Brasilodon and Sacisaurus are fossils of Brazil, Norian genera and Paraná Basin.
Sagittal crest
A sagittal crest is a ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top of the skull (at the sagittal suture) of many mammalian and reptilian skulls, among others.
See Brasilodon and Sagittal crest
Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane (also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections.
See Brasilodon and Sagittal plane
Scapula
The scapula (scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).
Secondary palate
The secondary palate is an anatomical structure that divides the nasal cavity from the oral cavity in many vertebrates.
See Brasilodon and Secondary palate
Serration
Serration is a saw-like appearance or a row of sharp or tooth-like projections.
Sinoconodon
Sinoconodon is an extinct genus of mammaliamorphs that appears in the fossil record of the Lufeng Formation of China in the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic period, about 193 million years ago. Brasilodon and Sinoconodon are prozostrodontia and transitional fossils.
See Brasilodon and Sinoconodon
Skull roof
The skull roof or the roofing bones of the skull are a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils in bony fishes and all land-living vertebrates.
Soturnia
Soturnia is an extinct genus of procolophonid parareptile. Brasilodon and Soturnia are fossil taxa described in 2003, fossils of Brazil and Paraná Basin.
Spalacotheriidae
Spalacotheriidae is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the paraphyletic group 'Symmetrodonta'.
See Brasilodon and Spalacotheriidae
Squamosal bone
The squamosal is a skull bone found in most reptiles, amphibians, and birds.
See Brasilodon and Squamosal bone
Supraspinous fossa
The supraspinous fossa (supraspinatus fossa, supraspinatous fossa) of the posterior aspect of the scapula (the shoulder blade) is smaller than the infraspinous fossa, concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end.
See Brasilodon and Supraspinous fossa
Suture (anatomy)
In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.
See Brasilodon and Suture (anatomy)
Symmetrodonta
Symmetrodonta is a group of Mesozoic mammals and mammal-like synapsids characterized by the triangular aspect of the molars when viewed from above, and the absence of a well-developed talonid.
See Brasilodon and Symmetrodonta
Synonym (taxonomy)
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
See Brasilodon and Synonym (taxonomy)
Talus bone
The talus (Latin for ankle or ankle bone;: tali), talus bone, astragalus, or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus.
Tarsus (skeleton)
In the human body, the tarsus (tarsi) is a cluster of seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of the tibia and the fibula of the lower leg and the metatarsus.
See Brasilodon and Tarsus (skeleton)
Temnospondyli
Temnospondyli (from Greek τέμνειν, temnein 'to cut' and σπόνδυλος, spondylos 'vertebra') or temnospondyls is a diverse ancient order of small to giant tetrapods—often considered primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods, with fossils being found on every continent.
See Brasilodon and Temnospondyli
Teres major muscle
The teres major muscle is a muscle of the upper limb.
See Brasilodon and Teres major muscle
Theria
Theria is a subclass of mammals amongst the Theriiformes.
Therioherpeton
Therioherpeton is an extinct genus of small, carnivorous cynodonts belonging to the clade Prozostrodontia, which lived in what is now Brazil during the Late Triassic. Brasilodon and Therioherpeton are fossils of Brazil, late Triassic synapsids of South America, prozostrodontia and taxa named by José Bonaparte.
See Brasilodon and Therioherpeton
Third trochanter
In human anatomy, the third trochanter is a bony projection occasionally present on the proximal femur near the superior border of the gluteal tuberosity.
See Brasilodon and Third trochanter
Thrinaxodon
Thrinaxodon is an extinct genus of cynodonts, including the species T. liorhinus which lived in what are now South Africa and Antarctica during the Early Triassic. Brasilodon and Thrinaxodon are transitional fossils.
See Brasilodon and Thrinaxodon
Tibia
The tibia (tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outside of the tibia); it connects the knee with the ankle.
Tooth wear
Tooth wear refers to loss of tooth substance by means other than dental caries.
Traversodontidae
Traversodontidae is an extinct family of herbivorous cynodonts.
See Brasilodon and Traversodontidae
Tritheledontidae
Tritheledontidae, the tritheledontids or ictidosaurs, is an extinct family of small to medium-sized (about 10 to 20 cm long) cynodonts. Brasilodon and Tritheledontidae are prozostrodontia.
See Brasilodon and Tritheledontidae
Tritylodon
Tritylodon (from the Greek for "three-cusped tooth") is an extinct genus of tritylodonts, one of the most advanced group of cynodont therapsids.
Tritylodontidae
Tritylodontidae ("three-knob teeth", named after the shape of their cheek teeth) is an extinct family of small to medium-sized, highly specialized mammal-like cynodonts, with several mammalian traits including erect limbs, endothermy and details of the skeleton.
See Brasilodon and Tritylodontidae
Trochlea of humerus
In the human arm, the humeral trochlea is the medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint which articulates with the trochlear notch on the ulna in the forearm.
See Brasilodon and Trochlea of humerus
Trochlear notch
The trochlear notch, also known as semilunar notch and greater sigmoid cavity, is a large depression in the upper extremity of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus (the bone directly above the ulna in the arm) as part of the elbow joint.
See Brasilodon and Trochlear notch
Trucidocynodon
Trucidocynodon is an extinct genus of ecteniniid cynodonts from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of Brazil. Brasilodon and Trucidocynodon are fossils of Brazil and late Triassic synapsids of South America.
See Brasilodon and Trucidocynodon
Ulna
The ulna or ulnar bone (ulnae or ulnas) is a long bone in the forearm stretching from the elbow to the wrist.
Unaysaurus
Unaysaurus is a genus of unaysaurid sauropodomorph herbivore dinosaur. Brasilodon and Unaysaurus are fossils of Brazil.
Vertebra
Each vertebra (vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates.
Vertebral foramen
In a typical vertebra, the vertebral foramen is the foramen (opening) of a vertebra bounded ventrally/anteriorly by the body of the vertebra, and the dorsally/posteriorly by the vertebral arch. In the articulated spine, the successive vertebral foramina of the stacked vertebrae (together with adjacent structures) collectively form the spinal canal (vertebral canal) which lodges the spinal cord and its meninges as well as spinal nerve roots and blood vessels.
See Brasilodon and Vertebral foramen
Vincelestes
Vincelestes ("Vince's thief") is an extinct genus of mammal that lived in what is now South America during the Early Cretaceous.
See Brasilodon and Vincelestes
Vomer
The vomer (lit) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull.
Zhangheotherium
Zhangheotherium is an extinct genus of "symmetrodont" mammal from the Early Cretaceous of China.
See Brasilodon and Zhangheotherium
Zygomatic arch
In anatomy, the zygomatic arch, or cheek bone, is a part of the skull formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture (the zygomaticotemporal suture); the tendon of the temporal muscle passes medial to (i.e.
See Brasilodon and Zygomatic arch
See also
Late Triassic synapsids of South America
- Agudotherium
- Alemoatherium
- Aleodon
- Bonacynodon
- Botucaraitherium
- Brasilodon
- Candelariodon
- Charruodon
- Chiniquodon
- Diegocanis
- Dinodontosaurus
- Ecteninion
- Exaeretodon
- Gomphodontosuchus
- Irajatherium
- Ischigualastia
- Jachaleria
- Massetognathus
- Menadon
- Probainognathus
- Proexaeretodon
- Prozostrodon
- Pseudotherium
- Riograndia
- Santacruzgnathus
- Santacruzodon
- Siriusgnathus
- Tessellatia
- Therioherpeton
- Traversodon
- Trucidocynodon
- Vinceria
Prozostrodontia
- Adelobasileus
- Alemoatherium
- Botucaraitherium
- Brasilodon
- Deccanodon
- Dromatheriidae
- Inditherium
- Mammaliaformes
- Mammaliamorpha
- Polonodon
- Prozostrodon
- Prozostrodontia
- Pseudotherium
- Rewaconodon
- Santacruzgnathus
- Sinoconodon
- Therioherpeton
- Tikiodon
- Tricuspes
- Tritheledontidae
- Tritylodontids
References
Also known as Brasilitherium, Brasilitherium riograndensis, Brasilodon quadrangularis, Brasilodontid, Brasilodontidae, Brasilodontids, Minicynodon, Minicynodon maieri.
, Foramen, Forearm, Fossorial, Glenoid fossa, Greater trochanter, Greater tubercle, Guaibasaurus, Haldanodon, Haramiyida, Heterodont, Holotype, Humerus, Ilium (bone), Incertae sedis, Incisor, Incus, Induan, Infraspinous fossa, Insectivore, Intertrochanteric crest, Irajatherium, Ischium, Jachaleria, José Bonaparte, Kayentatherium, Kryoryctes, Ladinian, Lambdoid suture, Lanceirosphenodon, Late Triassic, Lateral condyle of femur, Lateral condyle of tibia, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, Lepidosauromorpha, Lesser trochanter, Lesser tubercle, Ligament, Lissencephaly, Macrocollum, Maehary, Malleus, Mammal, Mammaliaformes, Mammaliamorpha, Mandible, Mandibular nerve, Mandibular symphysis, Marsupial, Massetognathus, Maxillary nerve, Meckelian groove, Medial condyle of femur, Medial condyle of tibia, Medial epicondyle of the humerus, Mesozoic, Metacarpal bones, Metatarsal bones, Middle Triassic, Molar (tooth), Mole (animal), Monotreme, Monotypic taxon, Morganucodon, Morganucodonta, Multituberculata, Neocortex, Neurocranium, Norian, Obturator foramen, Occipital condyles, Olecranon, Olecranon fossa, Olfactory bulb, Oligokyphus, Orbit (anatomy), Oval, Pachygenelus, Palatine bone, Panchetocynodon, Paraná Basin, Pelvis, Periodontal fiber, Permanent teeth, Petrous part of the temporal bone, Phalanx bone, Phylogenetics, Phytosaur, Placentalia, Polyphyodont, Popliteal fossa, Postorbital bar, Postorbital bone, Prefrontal bone, Premolar, Primary palate, Probainognathia, Probainognathus, Procolophonidae, Procynosuchus, Promontory of tympanic cavity, Protheriodon, Prozostrodon, Prozostrodontia, Pseudotherium, Pterygoid bone, Pubis (bone), Quadrate bone, Radial notch, Radial tuberosity, Radius (bone), Rib, Rio Grande do Sul, Riograndia, Rodent, Root canal, Sacisaurus, Sagittal crest, Sagittal plane, Scapula, Secondary palate, Serration, Sinoconodon, Skull roof, Soturnia, Spalacotheriidae, Squamosal bone, Supraspinous fossa, Suture (anatomy), Symmetrodonta, Synonym (taxonomy), Talus bone, Tarsus (skeleton), Temnospondyli, Teres major muscle, Theria, Therioherpeton, Third trochanter, Thrinaxodon, Tibia, Tooth wear, Traversodontidae, Tritheledontidae, Tritylodon, Tritylodontidae, Trochlea of humerus, Trochlear notch, Trucidocynodon, Ulna, Unaysaurus, Vertebra, Vertebral foramen, Vincelestes, Vomer, Zhangheotherium, Zygomatic arch.