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Minimal surface

Index Minimal surface

In mathematics, a minimal surface is a surface that locally minimizes its area. [1]

108 relations: Adrien-Marie Legendre, Alfred Enneper, Annals of Mathematics, Apparent horizon, Associate family, Bernstein's problem, Bilinear interpolation, Björling problem, Black hole, Bour's minimal surface, Bryant surface, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Calculus of variations, Catenary, Catenoid, Cauchy–Riemann equations, Celso Costa, Charles O. Perry, Chen–Gackstatter surface, Compact space, Complete metric space, Complex analysis, Conformal map, Constant-mean-curvature surface, Costa's minimal surface, Critical point (mathematics), Curvature, Differential geometry, Dirichlet energy, Discrete differential geometry, Enneper surface, Eugène Charles Catalan, Euler–Lagrange equation, Experimental Mathematics (journal), Frei Otto, Functional (mathematics), Gaspard Monge, Gauss map, General relativity, Generative design, Geodesic, Geometrization conjecture, Gyroid, Harmonic function, Harmonic map, Harmonic morphism, Heinrich Scherk, Helicoid, Henneberg surface, Hermann Schwarz, ..., Hyperbolic space, Immersion (mathematics), Isometry, Jean Baptiste Meusnier, Jesse Douglas, Jim Hoffman, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Journal of Differential Geometry, Karl Weierstrass, Local optimum, Manifold, Materials science, Mathematical physics, Mathematics, Maxima and minima, Mean curvature, Mean curvature flow, Meromorphic function, Minimal surface of revolution, Molecular engineering, Neighbourhood (mathematics), Olympiapark (Munich), Plane (geometry), Plateau's problem, Poincaré conjecture, Positive energy theorem, Potential theory, Principal curvature, Riemann surface, Riemann's minimal surface, Riemannian manifold, Riemannian Penrose inequality, Robert Engman, Robert Longhurst, Robert Osserman, Ruled surface, Saddle point, Saddle tower, Scherk surface, Schwarz minimal surface, Self-assembly, Simplicial complex, Smith conjecture, Soap bubble, Soap film, Stereographic projection, Stretched grid method, Surface Evolver, Tensile structure, Tibor Radó, Trace (linear algebra), Triply periodic minimal surface, Triviality (mathematics), Umbilical point, Weaire–Phelan structure, Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization, Wiener process, Young–Laplace equation. Expand index (58 more) »

Adrien-Marie Legendre

Adrien-Marie Legendre (18 September 1752 – 10 January 1833) was a French mathematician.

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Alfred Enneper

Alfred Enneper (June 14, 1830, Barmen – March 24, 1885 Hanover) was a German mathematician.

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Annals of Mathematics

The Annals of Mathematics is a bimonthly mathematical journal published by Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study.

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Apparent horizon

In general relativity, an apparent horizon is a surface that is the boundary between light rays that are directed outwards and moving outwards, and those directed outward but moving inward.

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Associate family

In differential geometry, the associate family (or Bonnet family) of a minimal surface is a one-parameter family of minimal surfaces which share the same Weierstrass data.

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Bernstein's problem

In differential geometry, Bernstein's problem is as follows: if the graph of a function on Rn−1 is a minimal surface in Rn, does this imply that the function is linear? This is true in dimensions n at most 8, but false in dimensions n at least 9.

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Bilinear interpolation

In mathematics, bilinear interpolation is an extension of linear interpolation for interpolating functions of two variables (e.g., x and y) on a rectilinear 2D grid.

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Björling problem

In differential geometry, the Björling problem is the problem of finding a minimal surface passing through a given curve with prescribed normal (or tangent planes).

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Black hole

A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.

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Bour's minimal surface

In mathematics, Bour's minimal surface is a two-dimensional minimal surface, embedded with self-crossings into three-dimensional Euclidean space.

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Bryant surface

In Riemannian geometry, a Bryant surface is a 2-dimensional surface embedded in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space with constant mean curvature equal to 1.

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Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society

The Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society is a quarterly mathematical journal published by the American Mathematical Society.

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Calculus of variations

Calculus of variations is a field of mathematical analysis that uses variations, which are small changes in functions and functionals, to find maxima and minima of functionals: mappings from a set of functions to the real numbers.

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Catenary

In physics and geometry, a catenary is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends.

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Catenoid

A catenoid is a type of surface in topology, arising by rotating a catenary curve about an axis.

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Cauchy–Riemann equations

In the field of complex analysis in mathematics, the Cauchy–Riemann equations, named after Augustin Cauchy and Bernhard Riemann, consist of a system of two partial differential equations which, together with certain continuity and differentiability criteria, form a necessary and sufficient condition for a complex function to be complex differentiable, that is, holomorphic.

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Celso Costa

Celso José da Costa (born April 7, 1949 in Congonhinhas) is a Brazilian mathematician working in differential geometry.

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Charles O. Perry

Charles Owen Perry (October 18, 1929 Helena, Montana, US – February 8, 2011 Norwalk, Connecticut, US) was an American sculptor particularly known for his large-scale public sculptures.

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Chen–Gackstatter surface

In differential geometry, the Chen–Gackstatter surface family (or the Chen–Gackstatter–Thayer surface family) is a family of minimal surfaces that generalize the Enneper surface by adding handles, giving it nonzero topological genus.

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Compact space

In mathematics, and more specifically in general topology, compactness is a property that generalizes the notion of a subset of Euclidean space being closed (that is, containing all its limit points) and bounded (that is, having all its points lie within some fixed distance of each other).

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Complete metric space

In mathematical analysis, a metric space M is called complete (or a Cauchy space) if every Cauchy sequence of points in M has a limit that is also in M or, alternatively, if every Cauchy sequence in M converges in M. Intuitively, a space is complete if there are no "points missing" from it (inside or at the boundary).

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Complex analysis

Complex analysis, traditionally known as the theory of functions of a complex variable, is the branch of mathematical analysis that investigates functions of complex numbers.

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Conformal map

In mathematics, a conformal map is a function that preserves angles locally.

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Constant-mean-curvature surface

In differential geometry, constant-mean-curvature (CMC) surfaces are surfaces with constant mean curvature.

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Costa's minimal surface

In mathematics, Costa's minimal surface, is an embedded minimal surface discovered in 1982 by the Brazilian mathematician Celso José da Costa.

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Critical point (mathematics)

In mathematics, a critical point or stationary point of a differentiable function of a real or complex variable is any value in its domain where its derivative is 0.

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Curvature

In mathematics, curvature is any of a number of loosely related concepts in different areas of geometry.

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Differential geometry

Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that uses the techniques of differential calculus, integral calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra to study problems in geometry.

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Dirichlet energy

In mathematics, the Dirichlet energy is a measure of how variable a function is.

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Discrete differential geometry

Discrete differential geometry is the study of discrete counterparts of notions in differential geometry.

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Enneper surface

In mathematics, in the fields of differential geometry and algebraic geometry, the Enneper surface is a self-intersecting surface that can be described parametrically by: It was introduced by Alfred Enneper 1864 in connection with minimal surface theory.

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Eugène Charles Catalan

Eugène Charles Catalan (30 May 1814 – 14 February 1894) was a French and Belgian mathematician who worked on continued fractions, descriptive geometry, number theory and combinatorics.

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Euler–Lagrange equation

In the calculus of variations, the Euler–Lagrange equation, Euler's equation, or Lagrange's equation (although the latter name is ambiguous—see disambiguation page), is a second-order partial differential equation whose solutions are the functions for which a given functional is stationary.

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Experimental Mathematics (journal)

Experimental Mathematics is a quarterly scientific journal of mathematics published by A K Peters, Ltd. until 2004, now by Taylor & Francis.

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Frei Otto

Frei Paul Otto (31 May 1925 – 9 March 2015) was a German architect and structural engineer noted for his use of lightweight structures, in particular tensile and membrane structures, including the roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich for the 1972 Summer Olympics.

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Functional (mathematics)

In mathematics, the term functional (as a noun) has at least two meanings.

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Gaspard Monge

Gaspard Monge, Comte de Péluse (9 May 1746 – 28 July 1818) was a French mathematician, the inventor of descriptive geometry (the mathematical basis of technical drawing), and the father of differential geometry.

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Gauss map

In differential geometry, the Gauss map (named after Carl F. Gauss) maps a surface in Euclidean space R3 to the unit sphere S2.

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General relativity

General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

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Generative design

Generative design is an iterative design process that involves a program that will generate a certain number of outputs that meet certain constraints, and a designer that will fine tune the feasible region by changing minimal and maximal values of an interval in which a variable of the program meets the set of constraints, in order to reduce or augment the number of outputs to choose from.

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Geodesic

In differential geometry, a geodesic is a generalization of the notion of a "straight line" to "curved spaces".

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Geometrization conjecture

In mathematics, Thurston's geometrization conjecture states that certain three-dimensional topological spaces each have a unique geometric structure that can be associated with them.

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Gyroid

A gyroid is an infinitely connected triply periodic minimal surface discovered by Alan Schoen in 1970.

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Harmonic function

In mathematics, mathematical physics and the theory of stochastic processes, a harmonic function is a twice continuously differentiable function f: U → R where U is an open subset of Rn that satisfies Laplace's equation, i.e. everywhere on U. This is usually written as or.

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Harmonic map

A (smooth) map \phi:M→N between Riemannian manifolds M and N is called harmonic if it is a critical point of the Dirichlet energy functional This functional E will be defined precisely below—one way of understanding it is to imagine that M is made of rubber and N made of marble (their shapes given by their respective metrics), and that the map \phi:M→N prescribes how one "applies" the rubber onto the marble: E(\phi) then represents the total amount of elastic potential energy resulting from tension in the rubber.

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Harmonic morphism

In mathematics, a harmonic morphism is a (smooth) map \phi:(M^m,g)\to (N^n,h) between Riemannian manifolds that pulls back real-valued harmonic functions on the codomain to harmonic functions on the domain.

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Heinrich Scherk

Heinrich Ferdinand Scherk (27 October 1798 – 4 October 1885) was a German mathematician notable for his work on minimal surfaces and the distribution of prime numbers.

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Helicoid

The helicoid, after the plane and the catenoid, is the third minimal surface to be known.

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Henneberg surface

In differential geometry, the Henneberg surface is a non-orientable minimal surface named after Lebrecht Henneberg.

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Hermann Schwarz

Karl Hermann Amandus Schwarz (25 January 1843 – 30 November 1921) was a German mathematician, known for his work in complex analysis.

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Hyperbolic space

In mathematics, hyperbolic space is a homogeneous space that has a constant negative curvature, where in this case the curvature is the sectional curvature.

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Immersion (mathematics)

In mathematics, an immersion is a differentiable function between differentiable manifolds whose derivative is everywhere injective.

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Isometry

In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective.

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Jean Baptiste Meusnier

Jean Baptiste Marie Charles Meusnier de la Place (Tours, 19 June 1754 — le Pont de Cassel, near Mainz, 13 June 1793) was a French mathematician, engineer and Revolutionary general.

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Jesse Douglas

Jesse Douglas (3 July 1897 – 7 September 1965) was an American mathematician and Fields Medalist known for his general solution of the Problem of Plateau.

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Jim Hoffman

Jim Hoffman is a website engineer in Oakland, California, who created several web sites about the September 11, 2001 attacks that analyze and suggest alternative accounts for the events of that day.

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Joseph-Louis Lagrange

Joseph-Louis Lagrange (or;; born Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia, Encyclopædia Britannica or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier, Turin, 25 January 1736 – Paris, 10 April 1813; also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia) was an Italian Enlightenment Era mathematician and astronomer.

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Journal of Differential Geometry

The Journal of Differential Geometry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of mathematics published by International Press on behalf of Lehigh University in 3 volumes of 3 issues each per year.

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Karl Weierstrass

Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass (Weierstraß; 31 October 1815 – 19 February 1897) was a German mathematician often cited as the "father of modern analysis".

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Local optimum

In applied mathematics and computer science, a local optimum of an optimization problem is a solution that is optimal (either maximal or minimal) within a neighboring set of candidate solutions.

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Manifold

In mathematics, a manifold is a topological space that locally resembles Euclidean space near each point.

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Materials science

The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids.

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Mathematical physics

Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Maxima and minima

In mathematical analysis, the maxima and minima (the respective plurals of maximum and minimum) of a function, known collectively as extrema (the plural of extremum), are the largest and smallest value of the function, either within a given range (the local or relative extrema) or on the entire domain of a function (the global or absolute extrema).

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Mean curvature

In mathematics, the mean curvature H of a surface S is an extrinsic measure of curvature that comes from differential geometry and that locally describes the curvature of an embedded surface in some ambient space such as Euclidean space.

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Mean curvature flow

In the field of differential geometry in mathematics, mean curvature flow is an example of a geometric flow of hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold (for example, smooth surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space).

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Meromorphic function

In the mathematical field of complex analysis, a meromorphic function on an open subset D of the complex plane is a function that is holomorphic on all of D except for a discrete set of isolated points, which are poles of the function.

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Minimal surface of revolution

In mathematics, a minimal surface of revolution or minimum surface of revolution is a surface of revolution defined from two points in a half-plane, whose boundary is the axis of revolution of the surface.

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Molecular engineering

Molecular engineering is an emerging field of study concerned with the design and testing of molecular properties, behavior and interactions in order to assemble better materials, systems, and processes for specific functions.

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Neighbourhood (mathematics)

In topology and related areas of mathematics, a neighbourhood (or neighborhood) is one of the basic concepts in a topological space.

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Olympiapark (Munich)

The Olympiapark München (English: Olympic Park Munich) in Munich, Germany, is an Olympic Park which was constructed for the 1972 Summer Olympics.

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Plane (geometry)

In mathematics, a plane is a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely far.

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Plateau's problem

In mathematics, Plateau's problem is to show the existence of a minimal surface with a given boundary, a problem raised by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in 1760.

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Poincaré conjecture

In mathematics, the Poincaré conjecture is a theorem about the characterization of the 3-sphere, which is the hypersphere that bounds the unit ball in four-dimensional space.

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Positive energy theorem

In general relativity, the positive energy theorem (more commonly known as the positive mass conjecture) states that, assuming the dominant energy condition, the mass of an asymptotically flat spacetime is non-negative; furthermore, the mass is zero only for Minkowski spacetime.

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Potential theory

In mathematics and mathematical physics, potential theory is the study of harmonic functions.

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Principal curvature

In differential geometry, the two principal curvatures at a given point of a surface are the eigenvalues of the shape operator at the point.

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Riemann surface

In mathematics, particularly in complex analysis, a Riemann surface is a one-dimensional complex manifold.

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Riemann's minimal surface

In differential geometry, Riemann's minimal surface is a one-parameter family of minimal surfaces described by Bernhard Riemann in a posthumous paper published in 1867.

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Riemannian manifold

In differential geometry, a (smooth) Riemannian manifold or (smooth) Riemannian space (M,g) is a real, smooth manifold M equipped with an inner product g_p on the tangent space T_pM at each point p that varies smoothly from point to point in the sense that if X and Y are differentiable vector fields on M, then p \mapsto g_p(X(p),Y(p)) is a smooth function.

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Riemannian Penrose inequality

In mathematical general relativity, the Penrose inequality, first conjectured by Sir Roger Penrose, estimates the mass of a spacetime in terms of the total area of its black holes and is a generalization of the positive mass theorem.

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Robert Engman

Robert Engman (born April 29, 1927 in Belmont, Massachusetts) is an American sculptor with a number of works in the Hirshhorn Museum, and elsewhere in the US.

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Robert Longhurst

Robert Longhurst is an American sculptor who was born in Schenectady, New York in 1949.

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Robert Osserman

Robert "Bob" Osserman (December 19, 1926 – November 30, 2011) was an American mathematician who worked in geometry.

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Ruled surface

In geometry, a surface S is ruled (also called a scroll) if through every point of S there is a straight line that lies on S. Examples include the plane, the curved surface of a cylinder or cone, a conical surface with elliptical directrix, the right conoid, the helicoid, and the tangent developable of a smooth curve in space.

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Saddle point

In mathematics, a saddle point or minimax point is a point on the surface of the graph of a function where the slopes (derivatives) of orthogonal function components defining the surface become zero (a stationary point) but are not a local extremum on both axes.

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Saddle tower

In differential geometry, a saddle tower is a minimal surface family generalizing the singly periodic Scherk's second surface so that it has N-fold (N > 2) symmetry around one axis.

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Scherk surface

In mathematics, a Scherk surface (named after Heinrich Scherk) is an example of a minimal surface.

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Schwarz minimal surface

In differential geometry, the Schwarz minimal surfaces are periodic minimal surfaces originally described by Hermann Schwarz.

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Self-assembly

Self-assembly is a process in which a disordered system of pre-existing components forms an organized structure or pattern as a consequence of specific, local interactions among the components themselves, without external direction.

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Simplicial complex

In mathematics, a simplicial complex is a set composed of points, line segments, triangles, and their ''n''-dimensional counterparts (see illustration).

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Smith conjecture

In mathematics, the Smith conjecture states that if f is a diffeomorphism of the 3-sphere of finite order, then the fixed point set of f cannot be a nontrivial knot.

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Soap bubble

A soap bubble is an extremely thin film of soapy water enclosing air that forms a hollow sphere with an iridescent surface.

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Soap film

Soap films are thin layers of liquid (usually water-based) surrounded by air.

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Stereographic projection

In geometry, the stereographic projection is a particular mapping (function) that projects a sphere onto a plane.

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Stretched grid method

The stretched grid method (SGM) is a numerical technique for finding approximate solutions of various mathematical and engineering problems that can be related to an elastic grid behavior.

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Surface Evolver

Surface Evolver is an interactive program for the study of surfaces shaped by surface tension and other energies, and subject to various constraints.

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Tensile structure

A tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression or bending.

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Tibor Radó

Tibor Radó (June 2, 1895 – December 29, 1965) was a Hungarian mathematician who moved to the United States after World War I.

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Trace (linear algebra)

In linear algebra, the trace of an n-by-n square matrix A is defined to be the sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of A, i.e., where aii denotes the entry on the ith row and ith column of A. The trace of a matrix is the sum of the (complex) eigenvalues, and it is invariant with respect to a change of basis.

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Triply periodic minimal surface

In differential geometry, a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is a minimal surface in ℝ3 that is invariant under a rank-3 lattice of translations.

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Triviality (mathematics)

In mathematics, the adjective trivial is frequently used for objects (for example, groups or topological spaces) that have a very simple structure.

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Umbilical point

In the differential geometry of surfaces in three dimensions, umbilics or umbilical points are points on a surface that are locally spherical.

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Weaire–Phelan structure

In geometry, the Weaire–Phelan structure is a complex 3-dimensional structure representing an idealised foam of equal-sized bubbles.

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Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization

In mathematics, the Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization of minimal surfaces is a classical piece of differential geometry.

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Wiener process

In mathematics, the Wiener process is a continuous-time stochastic process named in honor of Norbert Wiener.

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Young–Laplace equation

In physics, the Young–Laplace equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although usage on the latter is only applicable if assuming that the wall is very thin.

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Minimal submanifold, Minimal surface equation, Minimal surfaces, Minimum surface, Noid (mathematics), Triply Periodic Minimal Surface, Triply-Periodic Minimal Surface.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_surface

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