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77 relations: Amstrad, Analog-to-digital converter, BASIC, Beta Disk Interface, Bomb Jack, Brașov, Brazil, Central processing unit, Centronics, Clone (computing), Commando, CP/M, Czechoslovakia, D-subminiature, Digital-to-analog converter, DIN connector, Dubna, Dubna 48K, Forth (programming language), Gate array, General Instrument AY-3-8910, Hard disk drive, Home computer, IBM PC compatible, IBM Personal Computer XT, IBM Personal Computer/AT, Industry Standard Architecture, Ivanovo, Joystick, Kempston Micro Electronics, Kibibyte, Komputer 2086, List of Top Gun video games, List of ZX Spectrum clones, Lithuania, Logo (programming language), Microcomputer, Microdigital Eletronica, Microprocessor, Moscow, Parallel ATA, Pentagon (computer), Penza, Peters Plus, Ltd., Poland, Portugal, Random-access memory, Read-only memory, Romania, RS-232, ..., Ruble, Russia, Saint Petersburg, São Paulo, Scream Tracker, Sinclair Research, Slovakia, Soviet Union, Sprinter (computer), Tetris, Timex Sinclair, Timișoara, TK82C, TK85, TK90X, TRS-80, U880, United States, Zelenograd, Zilog Z380, Zilog Z80, ZX Interface 1, ZX Spectrum, ZX80, ZX81, 32-bit, 8-bit. Expand index (27 more) »
Amstrad
Amstrad is a British electronics company.
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Analog-to-digital converter
In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A-to-D) is a system that converts an analog signal, such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light entering a digital camera, into a digital signal.
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BASIC
BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use.
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Beta Disk Interface
Beta Disk Interface is a disk interface for ZX Spectrum computers.
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Bomb Jack
Bomb Jack is an arcade platform game that was released in 1984 by Tehkan (known today as Tecmo).
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Brașov
Brașov (Corona, Kronstadt, Transylvanian Saxon: Kruhnen, Brassó) is a city in Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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Central processing unit
A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.
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Centronics
Centronics Data Computer Corporation was an American manufacturer of computer printers, now remembered primarily for the parallel interface that bears its name, the Centronics connector.
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Clone (computing)
In computing, a clone is a hardware or software system that is designed to function in the same way as another system.
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Commando
A commando is a soldier or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force often specializing in amphibious landings, parachuting or abseiling.
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CP/M
CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created for Intel 8080/85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.
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D-subminiature
The D-subminiature or D-sub is a common type of electrical connector.
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Digital-to-analog converter
In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a system that converts a digital signal into an analog signal.
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DIN connector
A DIN connector is an electrical connector that was originally standardized in the early 1970s by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN), the German national standards organization.
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Dubna
Dubna (p) is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia.
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Dubna 48K
The Dubna 48K (Дубна 48К) is a Soviet clone of the ZX Spectrum home computer.
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Forth (programming language)
Forth is an imperative stack-based computer programming language and environment originally designed by Charles "Chuck" Moore.
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Gate array
A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAND gates, flip-flops,etc.) according to a custom order by adding metal interconnect layers in the factory.
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General Instrument AY-3-8910
The AY-3-8910 is a 3-voice programmable sound generator (PSG) designed by General Instrument in 1978, initially for use with their 16-bit CP1610 or one of the PIC1650 series of 8-bit microcomputers.
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Hard disk drive
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive or fixed disk is an electromechanical data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material.
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Home computer
Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.
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IBM PC compatible
IBM PC compatible computers are computers similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to use the same software and expansion cards.
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IBM Personal Computer XT
The IBM Personal Computer XT, often shortened to the IBM XT, PC XT, or simply XT, is a version of the IBM PC with a built-in hard drive.
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IBM Personal Computer/AT
The IBM Personal Computer AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT and also sometimes called the PC AT or PC/AT, was IBM's second-generation PC, designed around the 6 MHz Intel 80286 microprocessor and released in 1984 as System Unit 5170.
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Industry Standard Architecture
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is a retronym term for the 16-bit internal bus of IBM PC/AT and similar computers based on the Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s.
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Ivanovo
Ivanovo (p) is a city and the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia, located from Moscow and approximately from Yaroslavl, Vladimir, and Kostroma.
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Joystick
A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling.
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Kempston Micro Electronics
Kempston Micro Electronics was an electronics company specialising in computer joysticks and related home computer peripherals during the 1980s.
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Kibibyte
The kibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for quantities of digital information.
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Komputer 2086
The Unipolbrit Komputer 2086 was a Polish version of the home computer Timex Sinclair 2068, produced by a joint venture of the Polish Unimor and Timex Computer of Portugal.
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List of Top Gun video games
The popularity of the 1986 film Top Gun resulted in several licensed video games that have been released since the film's theatrical debut.
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List of ZX Spectrum clones
The following is a list of clones of Sinclair Research's ZX Spectrum home computer.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.
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Logo (programming language)
Logo is an educational programming language, designed in 1967 by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert and Cynthia Solomon.
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Microcomputer
A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).
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Microdigital Eletronica
Microdigital Eletrônica Ltda. was an influential Brazilian computer company in the 1980s, based in São Paulo.
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Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a computer processor that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit (IC), or at most a few integrated circuits.
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Moscow
Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.
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Parallel ATA
Parallel ATA (PATA), originally, is an interface standard for the connection of storage devices such as hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, and optical disc drives in computers.
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Pentagon (computer)
The Pentagon (Пентагон) home computer was a clone of the British-made Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128.
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Penza
Penza (p) is a city and the administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia, located on the Sura River, southeast of Moscow.
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Peters Plus, Ltd.
Peters Plus, Ltd. (ООО "ПЕТЕРС Плюс") is a Russian company producing the Sprinter line of enhanced computers based on a clone of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum design.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.
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Random-access memory
Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.
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Read-only memory
Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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RS-232
In telecommunications, RS-232, Recommended Standard 232 is a standard introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data.
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Ruble
The ruble or rouble (p) is or was a currency unit of a number of countries in Eastern Europe closely associated with the economy of Russia.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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São Paulo
São Paulo is a municipality in the southeast region of Brazil.
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Scream Tracker
Scream Tracker is a tracker (an integrated multi-track step sequencer and sampler as a software application).
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Sinclair Research
Sinclair Research Ltd is a British consumer electronics company founded by Clive Sinclair in Cambridge.
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Slovakia
Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Sprinter (computer)
The Sprinter (also called ZX-Sprinter) is a microcomputer made by Russian Peters Plus, Ltd.; it is the last model of ZX Spectrum being produced in a factory.
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Tetris
Tetris (Тетрис) is a tile-matching puzzle video game, originally designed and programmed by Russian game designer Alexey Pajitnov.
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Timex Sinclair
Timex Sinclair was a joint venture between the British company Sinclair Research and Timex Corporation in an effort to gain an entry into the rapidly growing early-1980s home computer market in North America.
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Timișoara
Timișoara (Temeswar, also formerly Temeschburg or Temeschwar; Temesvár,; טעמשוואר; Темишвар / Temišvar; Banat Bulgarian: Timišvár; Temeşvar; Temešvár) is the capital city of Timiș County, and the main social, economic and cultural centre in western Romania.
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TK82C
TK82C was a Sinclair ZX81 clone made by Microdigital Eletrônica Ltda., a computer company located in Brazil.
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TK85
The TK85 was a ZX81 clone made by Microdigital Eletronica, a computer company located in Brazil.
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TK90X
The TK90X was the first Brazilian ZX Spectrum clone made in 1985 by Microdigital Electrônica, a company located in São Paulo, Brazil, that had manufactured some ZX81 clones (TK82C, TK83 and TK85) and ZX80 clones (TK80, TK82) before.
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TRS-80
The TRS-80 Micro Computer System (TRS-80, later renamed the Model I to distinguish it from successors) is a desktop microcomputer launched in 1977 and sold by Tandy Corporation through their Radio Shack stores.
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U880
The U880 is an 8-bit microprocessor that was manufactured by VEB Mikroelektronik "Karl Marx" Erfurt (abbreviated as MME; part of Kombinat Mikroelektronik Erfurt) in the German Democratic Republic.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Zelenograd
Zelenograd (p, lit. green city) is a city which, along with the territories and settlements under its jurisdiction, forms one of the administrative okrugs of Moscow - Zelenogradsky Administrative Okrug (ZelAO).
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Zilog Z380
The Z380 is a Zilog 16-bit/32-bit processor from 1994.
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Zilog Z80
The Z80 CPU is an 8-bit based microprocessor.
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ZX Interface 1
A peripheral from Sinclair Research for its ZX Spectrum home computer, the ZX Interface 1 was launched in 1983.
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ZX Spectrum
The ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research.
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ZX80
The Sinclair ZX80 is a home computer brought to market in 1980 by Science of Cambridge Ltd.
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ZX81
The ZX81 is a home computer that was produced by Sinclair Research and manufactured in Dundee, Scotland by Timex Corporation.
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32-bit
32-bit microcomputers are computers in which 32-bit microprocessors are the norm.
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8-bit
8-bit is also a generation of microcomputers in which 8-bit microprocessors were the norm.
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Redirects here:
AZX-Monstrum, Baltica (computer), Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 128, Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 48/64, CIP-03, Cobra (computer), Composite (computer), Delta (computer), Delta S-128, Ella Ra, Elwro 800 Jr, Felix HC, Felix HC 85, HC 90, HC 91, HC 2000, GrandBoard2+, GrandRomMax, HT 3080C, Inves Spectrum 48k plus, Krasnogorsk (computer), Kvorum, Kvorum-128, Kvorum-128 plus, Kvorum-64, Leningrad (computer), Master (computer), Master K, Mistrum, Moskva (computer), Moskva 128, Moskva 48, Nafanja, Peters 256, Peters MC64, Profi (computer), Santaka 002, Scorpion (computer), Sever (Nord) 48/002, Spectral (computer), Spektr 48, TimS, ZX Next.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ZX_Spectrum_clones
