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214 relations: Abbas al-Musawi, Ain Ksour, Aircraft carrier, Al-Mourabitoun, Aley, Aley District, Amine Gemayel, Anti-aircraft warfare, Aramoun, Aley, Armoured personnel carrier, As-Sa'iqa, Attack helicopter, Autocannon, Awali (river), AZP S-60, Baabda, Baabda District, Baabda Palace, Baalbek, Bachir Gemayel, Bassam Abu Sharif, Battle of the Hotels, Beirut, Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport, Beit ed-Dine, Bell AH-1 Cobra, Beqaa Valley, BGM-71 TOW, Bhamdoun, Bobby Goodman, Bourj el-Barajneh, Bsous, BTR-152, Byblos, Car bomb, CBU-100 Cluster Bomb, Central Intelligence Agency, Chouf District, Christianity in Lebanon, Chyah, Colonel, Commander, Cyprus, Dahr al-Wahsh, Damascus, Damour, Damour massacre, Dassault Étendard IV, Deir al-Qamar, Dhour El Choueir, ..., Druze, Edgar O'Ballance, Elias Atallah, Elie Hobeika, Fadi Frem, Falougha-Khalouat, Fatah, Federal government of the United States, Field gun, Fighter aircraft, Forward air control, Fouad Abou Nader, François Mitterrand, France, French aircraft carrier Clemenceau (R98), French aircraft carrier Foch (R99), French Foreign Legion, French language, French Navy, General officer, Geneva, George H. W. Bush, George Hawi, Ghazi Kanaan, Green Line (Lebanon), Grumman A-6 Intruder, Grumman F-14 Tomcat, Gun truck, Hafez al-Assad, Halat, Lebanon, Hammana, Hawker Hunter, Heavy machine gun, Hezbollah, Ibrahim Kulaylat, Ibrahim Tannous, Imad Mughniyah, Internal Security Forces, International Committee of the Red Cross, Islam in Lebanon, Islamic Amal, Islamic Jihad Organization, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Israeli Air Force, Israeli Navy, Jordan, Kaifun, Kataeb Party, Keserwan District, Khalde, Lausanne, Lebanese Air Force, Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Communist Party, Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Forces (militia), Lebanese National Resistance Front, Lebanese Navy, Lebanese people (Druze followers), Lebanese people (Maronite Christians), Lebanese people (Shia Muslims), Lebanese people (Sunni Muslims), Lebanese Resistance Regiments, Left-wing politics, Lieutenant, Lieutenant general, LTV A-7 Corsair II, M113 armored personnel carrier, M198 howitzer, Main battle tank, Majid Arslan, Matn District, May 17 Agreement, Mechanized infantry, Menachem Begin, Micah Zenko, Michel Aoun, Ministry of National Defense (Lebanon), Mount Lebanon, Mount Lebanon Emirate, Multinational Force in Lebanon, Multiple rocket launcher, Nabih Berri, Nasserism, National Liberal Party (Lebanon), New York Post, Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye, Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler, Ordnance QF 25-pounder, Palestine Liberation Organization, Palestinians, People's Liberation Army (Lebanon), Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Guard, Prime minister, Progressive Socialist Party, RAF Akrotiri, Ramlet al-Baida, Rayak Air Base, Recoilless rifle, Republican Guard (Lebanon), Right of asylum, Right-wing politics, Robert Ames (CIA official), Robert Fisk, Ronald Reagan, Sabra and Shatila massacre, Salima, Lebanon, Samir Geagea, Sands of Beirut, Saudi Arabia, Scottish Aviation Bulldog, Shafik Wazzan, Shatila refugee camp, Sidon, Souk El Gharb, Surface-to-air missile, Switzerland, Syria, Syrian Army, Syrian occupation of Lebanon, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon, T-54/T-55, T-54/T-55 operators and variants, Technical (vehicle), Trainer aircraft, Tripoli, Lebanon, Tyre, Lebanon, United Press International, United States, United States Congress, United States Department of Defense, United States Marine Corps, United States Navy, USS Arthur W. Radford, USS Bowen (FF-1079), USS Independence (CV-62), USS John Rodgers (DD-983), USS New Jersey (BB-62), USS Tattnall (DDG-19), USS Virginia (CGN-38), Walid Jumblatt, War Powers Resolution, Weapons of the Lebanese Civil War, Yarze, Zouk Mikael, ZPU, ZU-23-2, 1982 Lebanon War, 1983 Beirut barracks bombings, 1983 United States embassy bombing, 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit, 4th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon), 5th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon), 6th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon), 7th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon), 8th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon), 9K31 Strela-1, 9K32 Strela-2, 9th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon). Expand index (164 more) »
Abbas al-Musawi
Abbas al Moussawi عباس الموسوي; 26 October 1952 – 16 February 1992) was an influential Lebanese Shia cleric, co-founder and Secretary General of Hezbollah. He was killed by the Israel Defense Forces in 1992.
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Ain Ksour
Ain Ksour (عين كسور), is a village in Aley District, Lebanon.
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Aircraft carrier
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.
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Al-Mourabitoun
The Independent Nasserite Movement – INM (translit) or simply Al-Murabitoun (المرابطون lit. The Steadfast), also termed variously Mouvement des Nasséristes Indépendants (MNI) in French, Independent Nasserite Organization (INO), or Movement of Independent Nasserists (MIN), is a Nasserist political party in Lebanon that is closely allied with Shia organization Hezbollah.
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Aley
Aley (عاليه), is a city in Lebanon.
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Aley District
Aley (عاليه) is a district (qadaa) in Mount Lebanon, Lebanon, to the south-east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.
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Amine Gemayel
Amine Pierre Gemayel (أمين بيار الجميٌل; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988 and was the leader of Kataeb Party.
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Anti-aircraft warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action."AAP-6 They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons).
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Aramoun, Aley
Aramoun (عرمون) (often referred to as "Dawhet Aramoun" دوحة عرمون), is a village in Aley District in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon lying to the east of khalde and 22 kilometres away from Beirut, its altitude ranges between 250 meters to 600 meters further east.
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Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a type of armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) designed to transport infantry to the battlefield.
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As-Sa'iqa
For the Libyan Special Forces see: Al-Saiqa (Libya) As-Sa'iqa (also transliterated as al-Saika, Saeqa, etc., from الصاعقة (lit. storm or thunderbolt (meaning “shock troops”); also known as the Vanguard for the Popular Liberation War) is a Palestinian Ba'athist political and military faction created and controlled by Syria. It is linked to the Palestinian branch of the Syrian-led Ba'ath Party, and is a member of the broader Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), although it is no longer active in the organization. Its Secretary-General is and the president of the political wing of the organization is Dr Mohammed Qais.
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Attack helicopter
An attack helicopter is an armed helicopter with the primary role of an attack aircraft, with the capability of engaging targets on the ground, such as enemy infantry and armored fighting vehicles.
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Autocannon
An autocannon or automatic cannon is a large, fully automatic, rapid-fire projectile weapon that fires armour-piercing or explosive shells, as opposed to the bullet fired by a machine gun.
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Awali (river)
The Awali (نهر الأولي / ALA-LC: Nahr al-Awalī) is a perennial river flowing in Southern Lebanon.
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AZP S-60
57 mm AZP S-60 (Автоматическая зенитная пушка С-60, abbrev. АЗП (AZP); literally: Automatic anti-aircraft gun S-60) is a Soviet towed, road-transportable, short- to medium-range, single-barrel anti-aircraft gun from the 1950s.
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Baabda
Baabda (بعبدا) is the capital city of Baabda District as well as the capital of Mount Lebanon Governorate, western Lebanon.
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Baabda District
Baabda District (قضاء بعبدا, transliteration: Qada' Baabda), sometimes spelled B'abda, is a district (qadaa) of Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon, to the south and east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.
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Baabda Palace
Baabda Palace, is the official residence of the President of Lebanon.
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Baalbek
Baalbek, properly Baʿalbek (بعلبك) and also known as Balbec, Baalbec or Baalbeck, is a city in the Anti-Lebanon foothills east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut and about north of Damascus.
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Bachir Gemayel
Bachir Gemayel (Bashīr al-Jimayyel, also romanized al-Jumayyil and El Gemaiel.; 10 November 1947 – 14 September 1982), also Bashir Gemayel, was a Lebanese leader and president-elect.
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Bassam Abu Sharif
Bassam Abu Sharif (بسام أبو شريف; born 1946) is a former senior adviser to Yasser Arafat and leading cadre of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
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Battle of the Hotels
The Battle of the Hotels, also known as the "Hotel front", was a subconflict within the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War which occurred in the Minet-el-Hosn hotel district of downtown Beirut.
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Beirut
Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
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Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport
Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (مطار بيروت رفيق الحريري الدولي, Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy) (Aéroport international de Beyrouth.), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country.
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Beit ed-Dine
Beit ed-Dine (بيت الدين), also known as Btaddine (بتدين) is a small town and the administrative capital of the Chouf District in the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon.
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Bell AH-1 Cobra
The Bell AH-1 Cobra is a two-blade, single-engine attack helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It was developed using the engine, transmission and rotor system of the Bell UH-1 Iroquois. A member of the prolific Huey family, the AH-1 is also referred to as the HueyCobra or Snake. The AH-1 was the backbone of the United States Army's attack helicopter fleet, but has been replaced by the AH-64 Apache in Army service. Upgraded versions continue to fly with the militaries of several other nations. The AH-1 twin-engine versions remain in service with United States Marine Corps (USMC) as the service's primary attack helicopter. Surplus AH-1 helicopters have been converted for fighting forest fires.
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Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley (وادي البقاع,, Lebanese; Բեքայի դաշտավայր), also transliterated as Bekaa, Biqâ and Becaa and known in Classical antiquity as Coele-Syria, is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon.
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BGM-71 TOW
The BGM-71 TOW ("Tube-launched, Optically tracked, Wire-guided") is an American anti-tank missile.
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Bhamdoun
Bhamdoun (بحمدون), is a town in Lebanon from Beirut on the main road that leads to Damascus and in the suburbs of the main tourist city of Aley, lying at an altitude of above the Lamartine valley.
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Bobby Goodman
Robert O. Goodman (born) is a former A-6 Intruder Bombardier Navigator and class of 1978 graduate of the United States Naval Academy.
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Bourj el-Barajneh
Bourj el-Barajneh (برج البراجنة, "Tower of Towers") is a municipality located in the southern suburbs of Beirut, in Lebanon.
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Bsous
Bsous (بسوس), is a village in the Aley District of Mount Lebanon, Localiban with an estimated population of 6,000.
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BTR-152
The BTR-152 (also known as BTR-140) was a six-wheeled Soviet armored personnel carrier (БТР, from Бронетранспортер/Bronetransporter, literally "armored transporter"), built on the chassis and drive train of a ZiS-151 utility truck.
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Byblos
Byblos, in Arabic Jbail (جبيل Lebanese Arabic pronunciation:; Phoenician: 𐤂𐤁𐤋 Gebal), is a Middle Eastern city on Levant coast in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon.
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Car bomb
A car bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device placed inside a car or other vehicle and detonated.
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CBU-100 Cluster Bomb
The CBU-100 Cluster Bomb (also called the Mk-20 Rockeye II) is an American cluster bomb which is employed primarily in an anti-tank mode.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).
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Chouf District
Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf, in Jebel ash-Shouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate (mohafazat) of Mount Lebanon.
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Christianity in Lebanon
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Chyah
Chiyah (in Arabic الشياح pronounced Ach-Chayyah) is situated in the west region of the Lebanese capital of Beirut and is part of Greater Beirut.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Commander
Commander is a common naval and air force officer rank.
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Cyprus
Cyprus (Κύπρος; Kıbrıs), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean.
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Dahr al-Wahsh
Dahr al-Wahsh (also spelled Dahr al-Wahch) is a village in Lebanon, located to the east of Beirut.
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Damascus
Damascus (دمشق, Syrian) is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic; it is also the country's largest city, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city.
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Damour
Damour (الدامور) is a Lebanese Christian town that is south of Beirut.
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Damour massacre
The Damour massacre took place on January 20, 1976, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War.
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Dassault Étendard IV
The Dassault Étendard IV is a subsonic carrier-borne strike fighter aircraft, which entered service with the French Navy in 1962.
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Deir al-Qamar
Deir al-Qamar (دير القمر), meaning "Monastery of the Moon" is a village south-east of Beirut in south-central Lebanon.
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Dhour El Choueir
Dhour El Choueir (ضهور الشوير) is a mountain town in Lebanon ('dhour' meaning 'summit, top ').
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Druze
The Druze (درزي or, plural دروز; דרוזי plural דרוזים) are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as unitarians (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn/Muwahhidun).
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Edgar O'Ballance
Major Edgar “Paddy” O'Ballance (17 July 1918, Dublin, Ireland – 8 July 2009, Wakebridge, Derbyshire, England) was a British military journalist, researcher, defence commentator and academic lecturer specialising in international relations and defence problems.
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Elias Atallah
Elias G Atallah (إلياس عطا الله) (born 1947), is a Lebanese politician, and an elected member of parliament during the 2005 elections.
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Elie Hobeika
Elie Hobeika (22 September 1956 – 24 January 2002; إيلي حبيقة.) was a Lebanese Phalangist and Lebanese Forces commander during the Lebanese Civil War, and former MP.
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Fadi Frem
Fady Frem (فادي أفرام, born 1953 in Achrafieh suburb of Beirut, Lebanon) is the former leader of the Lebanese Forces Christian militia and political party.
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Falougha-Khalouat
Falougha - Khalwat Falougha (فالوغا) is a municipality in the Baabda District of Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon.
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Fatah
Fataḥ (فتح), formerly the Palestinian National Liberation Movement, is a Palestinian nationalist political party and the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC).
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Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.
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Field gun
A field gun is a field artillery piece.
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Fighter aircraft
A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets.
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Forward air control
Forward air control is the provision of guidance to close air support (CAS) aircraft intended to ensure that their attack hits the intended target and does not injure friendly troops.
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Fouad Abou Nader
Fouad Abou Nader (فؤاد أبو ناضر) is a Lebanese political leader.
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François Mitterrand
François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 1916 – 8 January 1996) was a French statesman who was President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest time in office of any French president.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French aircraft carrier Clemenceau (R98)
Clemenceau, often affectionately called le Clem, was the French Navy's sixth aircraft carrier and the lead ship of her class. The carrier served from 1961 to 1997, and was dismantled and recycled in 2009. The carrier was the second French warship to be named after Georges Clemenceau, the first being a laid down in 1939 but never finished. The Clemenceau and her sister ship the served as the mainstays of the French fleet. During the carrier's career, the Clemenceau sailed more than during 3,125 days at sea. She was equipped to handle nuclear munitions to be delivered by her air complement, and was later modified to fire nuclear-capable missiles. She took part in numerous exercises and cruises, seeing action during the Lebanese Civil War, Gulf War and in air operations over the former-Yugoslavia.
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French aircraft carrier Foch (R99)
Foch was the second of the French Navy.
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French Foreign Legion
The French Foreign Legion (Légion étrangère) (FFL; Légion étrangère, L.É.) is a military service branch of the French Army established in 1831.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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French Navy
The French Navy (Marine Nationale), informally "La Royale", is the maritime arm of the French Armed Forces.
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General officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the army, and in some nations' air forces or marines.
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Geneva
Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
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George H. W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
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George Hawi
George Hawi (جورج حاوي; born 5 November 1938 – 21 June 2005) was a Lebanese politician and former secretary general of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP).
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Ghazi Kanaan
Ghazi Kanaan (1942 – 12 October 2005) (غازي كنعان; transliterations vary), also known as Abu Yo'roub, was Syria's Interior Minister from 2004 to 2005, and long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon.
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Green Line (Lebanon)
The Green Line was a line of demarcation in Beirut, Lebanon, during the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1990.
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Grumman A-6 Intruder
The Grumman A-6 Intruder is an American, twinjet, mid-wing all-weather attack aircraft built by Grumman Aerospace.
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Grumman F-14 Tomcat
The Grumman F-14 Tomcat is an American supersonic, twin-engine, two-seat, twin-tail, variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft.
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Gun truck
A gun truck is an armored vehicle with a crew-served weapon used by units of regular armies or other official government armed forces to escort military convoys in regions subject to ambush by guerrilla forces.
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Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad (حافظ الأسد,; 6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian politician and field marshal of the Syrian Armed Forces who served as President of Syria from 1971 to 2000.
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Halat, Lebanon
Halat (حالات, also spelled Halate) is a municipality in the Jbeil District of Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon.
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Hammana
Hammana is a town in Lebanon, about 26 km (16 miles) East of Beirut and is part of Greater Beirut.
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Hawker Hunter
The Hawker Hunter is a transonic British jet-powered fighter aircraft that was developed by Hawker Aircraft for the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
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Heavy machine gun
The heavy machine gun or HMG is a class of machine gun implying greater characteristics than general purpose or medium machine guns.
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Hezbollah
Hezbollah (pronounced; حزب الله, literally "Party of Allah" or "Party of God")—also transliterated Hizbullah, Hizballah, etc.
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Ibrahim Kulaylat
Ibrahim Kulaylat is a Lebanese politician.
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Ibrahim Tannous
Ibrahim Tannous (1929 - December 26, 2012) was a former commander of the Lebanese Armed Forces.
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Imad Mughniyah
Imad Fayez Mughniyeh (عماد فايز مغنية; 7 December 1962 – 12 February 2008), alias al-Hajj Radwan (الحاج رضوان), was a senior member of Lebanon's Islamic Jihad Organization and number two in Hezbollah's leadership.
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Internal Security Forces
The Internal Security Forces Directorate (al-Mudiriyya al-'aamma li-Qiwa al-Amn al-Dakhili; Forces de Sécurité Intérieure; abbreviated ISF) is the national police and security force of Lebanon.
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International Committee of the Red Cross
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.
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Islam in Lebanon
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Islamic Amal
Islamic Amal (in Arabic أمل الإسلامية) was a Lebanese Shia military movement based in Baalbek in the Beqaa Valley, Islamic Amal was led by Husayn Al-Musawi, who was also a leading figure in Hezbollah.
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Islamic Jihad Organization
The Islamic Jihad Organization – IJO (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي., Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a Shia militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War.
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Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) (lit or Sepâh for short) is a branch of Iran's Armed Forces founded after 1979 Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the regular military (or Artesh) defends Iran's borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard (pasdaran) is intended to protect the country's Islamic Republic system. The Revolutionary Guards state that their role in protecting the Islamic system is preventing foreign interference as well as coups by the military or "deviant movements". The Revolutionary Guards have roughly 125,000 military personnel including ground, aerospace and naval forces. Its naval forces are now the primary forces tasked with operational control of the Persian Gulf. GlobalBearings.net, 15 December 2011. It also controls the paramilitary Basij militia which has about 90,000 active personnel.Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Columbia University Press, 2008 pp. 175–76 Its media arm is Sepah News. Since its origin as an ideologically driven militia, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution has taken a greater role in nearly every aspect of Iranian society. Its expanded social, political, military and economic role under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's administration—especially during the 2009 presidential election and post-election suppression of protest—has led many Western analysts to argue that its political power has surpassed even that of the Shia clerical system. The Chief Commander of the Guardians since 2007 is Mohammad Ali Jafari, who was preceded by Yahya Rahim Safavi from 1997.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Israel Defense Forces
The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit. "The Army of Defense for Israel"; جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلي), commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel.
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Israeli Air Force
The Israeli Air Force (IAF; זְרוֹעַ הָאֲוִיר וְהֶחָלָל, Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm", commonly known as, Kheil HaAvir, "Air Corps") operates as the aerial warfare branch of the Israel Defense Forces.
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Israeli Navy
The Israeli Navy (חיל הים הישראלי, Ḥeil HaYam HaYisraeli (English: Sea Corps of Israel); البحرية الإسرائيلية) is the naval warfare service arm of the Israel Defense Forces, operating primarily in the Mediterranean Sea theater as well as the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea theater.
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Jordan
Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.
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Kaifun
Kaifun (كيفون), (also transliterated Kafun, Kaifoun) is a medium-sized village in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Aley District, in the Republic of Lebanon.
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Kataeb Party
The Lebanese Phalanges Party (حزب الكتائب اللبنانية), better known in English as the Phalange (الكتائب), is a Christian Democratic political party in Lebanon.
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Keserwan District
Keserwan District (قضاء كسروان, transliteration: Qadaa Keserwan) is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon, to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut.
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Khalde
Khalde is a coastal town south of Beirut, Lebanon.
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Lausanne
Lausanne (Lausanne Losanna, Losanna) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud.
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Lebanese Air Force
The Lebanese Air Force (LAF) (القوات الجوية اللبنانية, Al Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Lubnaniyya) is the aerial warfare branch of the Lebanese Armed Forces.
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Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) (Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية | Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya) or Forces Armées Libanaises (FAL) in French, also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني or "Armée libanaise" in French), is the military of the Lebanese Republic.
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Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.
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Lebanese Communist Party
The Lebanese Communist Party – LCP (الـحـزب الشـيـوعـي اللبـنـانـي, transliterated) or Parti communiste libanais (PCL) in French, is a communist party in Lebanon.
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Lebanese Forces
The Lebanese Forces (القوات اللبنانية) is a Lebanese Christian based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War.
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Lebanese Forces (militia)
The Lebanese Forces – LF (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية | al-quwwat al-lubnāniyya) or Forces Libanaises (FL) in French, was one of the main Christian factions of the Lebanese Civil War.
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Lebanese National Resistance Front
The Lebanese National Resistance Front – LNRF (Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya) or Front National de la Résistance Libanaise (FNRL) in French, but best known by its Arabic acronym, ‘Jammoul’ (جمول), was an underground guerrilla alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s.
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Lebanese Navy
The Lebanese Navy (القوات البحرية اللبنانية Al-qūwātu al-Baḥriyya al-Lubnāniyya), literally "the Lebanese Sea Forces" is the Navy of the Lebanese Armed Forces.
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Lebanese people (Druze followers)
Lebanese Druze refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Druze faith, an ethnoreligious esoteric group originating from the Near East who self identify as unitarians (Muwahhideen).
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Lebanese people (Maronite Christians)
Lebanese Maronite Christians (Arabic: المسيحية المارونية في لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, which is the largest Christian denomination in the country.
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Lebanese people (Shia Muslims)
Lebanese people refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Shia branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is the largest Muslim denomination in the country tied with Sunni Muslims.
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Lebanese people (Sunni Muslims)
Lebanese Sunni Muslims refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shia Muslims.
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Lebanese Resistance Regiments
The Lebanese Resistance Regiments (أفواج المقاومة اللبنانية | Afwaj al-Muqawama al-Lubnaniyya, AMAL), also designated Lebanese Resistance Battalions, Lebanese Resistance Detachments, Lebanese Resistance Legions and Battalions de la Resistance Libanaise (BRL) or Légions de la Resistance Libanaise (LRL) in French, but simply known by its Arabic acronym Amal which means "Hope", were the military wing of the Movement of the Dispossessed or Movement of the Deprived, a political organization representing the Muslim Shia community of Lebanon.
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Left-wing politics
Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.
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Lieutenant
A lieutenant (abbreviated Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a junior commissioned officer in the armed forces, fire services, police and other organizations of many nations.
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Lieutenant general
Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.
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LTV A-7 Corsair II
The LTV A-7 Corsair II is an American carrier-capable subsonic light attack aircraft manufactured by Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV) to replace the Douglas A-4 Skyhawk.
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M113 armored personnel carrier
The M113 is a fully tracked armored personnel carrier (APC) that was developed by Food Machinery Corp (FMC).
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M198 howitzer
The M198 howitzer is a medium-sized, towed 155mm artillery piece, developed for service with the United States Army and Marine Corps.
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Main battle tank
A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the armor-protected direct fire and maneuver role of many modern armies.
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Majid Arslan
Emir Majid Toufic Arslan (الأمير مجيد توفيق أرسلان) (born February 1908 in Choueifat, Lebanon — died September 18, 1983 in Khaldeh, south of Beirut) was a Lebanese Druze leader and head of the Arslan feudal Druze ruling family.
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Matn District
Matn (قضاء المتن), sometimes spelled Metn, is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.
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May 17 Agreement
The May 17 Agreement of 1983 was an agreement signed between Lebanon and Israel during the Lebanese Civil War on May 17, 1983, after Israel invaded Lebanon and besieged Beirut in 1982.
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Mechanized infantry
Mechanized infantry are infantry equipped with armored personnel carriers (APCs) or infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) for transport and combat (see also mechanized force).
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Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menakhem Volfovich Begin; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.
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Micah Zenko
Micah Zenko is an American political scientist.
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Michel Aoun
Michel Naim Aoun (ميشال نعيم عون,; born 18 February 1935) is the current President of Lebanon.
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Ministry of National Defense (Lebanon)
The Ministry of National Defense (وزارة الدفاع الوطني Wizārat al-Difāʾ al-Waṭanī) is Lebanon's service section for the Lebanese Armed Forces.
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Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (جَبَل لُبْنَان, jabal lubnān, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation; ܛܘܪ ܠܒܢܢ) is a mountain range in Lebanon.
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Mount Lebanon Emirate
The Emirate of Mount Lebanon was an autonomous subdivision in the Ottoman Empire.
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Multinational Force in Lebanon
The Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF) was an international peacekeeping force created in August 1982 following the 1981 U.S.-brokered ceasefire between the PLO and Israel to end their involvement in the conflict between Lebanon's pro-government and pro-Syrian factions.
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Multiple rocket launcher
A multiple rocket launcher (MRL) or multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) is a type of rocket artillery system.
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Nabih Berri
Nabih Berri (نبيه بري; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician who has been the Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992.
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Nasserism
Nasserism (at-Tayyār an-Nāṣṣarī) is a socialist Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and Egypt's second President.
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National Liberal Party (Lebanon)
The National Liberal Party (NLP, حزب الوطنيين الأحرار, literally Ḥizb Al-Waṭaniyyīn Al-Aḥrār) is a center-right political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958.
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New York Post
The New York Post is the fourth-largest newspaper in the United States and a leading digital media publisher that reached more than 57 million unique visitors in the U.S. in January 2017.
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Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye
The Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye is an American all-weather, carrier-capable tactical airborne early warning (AEW) aircraft. This twin-turboprop aircraft was designed and developed during the late 1950s and early 1960s by the Grumman Aircraft Company for the United States Navy as a replacement for the earlier, piston-engined E-1 Tracer, which was rapidly becoming obsolete. The aircraft's performance has been upgraded with the E-2B, and E-2C versions, where most of the changes were made to the radar and radio communications due to advances in electronic integrated circuits and other electronics. The fourth major version of the Hawkeye is the E-2D, which first flew in 2007. The E-2 was the first aircraft designed specifically for its role, as opposed to a modification of an existing airframe, such as the Boeing E-3 Sentry. Variants of the Hawkeye have been in continuous production since 1960, giving it the longest production run of any carrier-based aircraft. The E-2 also received the nickname "Super Fudd" because it replaced the E-1 Tracer "Willy Fudd". In recent decades, the E-2 has been commonly referred to as the "Hummer" because of the distinctive sounds of its turboprop engines, quite unlike that of turbojet and turbofan jet engines. In addition to U.S. Navy service, smaller numbers of E-2s have been sold to the armed forces of Egypt, France, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Singapore and Taiwan.
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Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowler
The Northrop Grumman (formerly Grumman) EA-6B Prowler is a twin-engine, four-seat, mid-wing electronic warfare aircraft derived from the A-6 Intruder airframe.
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Ordnance QF 25-pounder
The Ordnance QF 25-pounder, or more simply 25-pounder or 25-pdr, was the major British field gun and howitzer during the Second World War, possessing a 3.45-inch (87.6 mm) calibre.
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Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians.
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Palestinians
The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.
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People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
The People's Liberation Army – PLA (Arabic: جيش التحرير الشعبي قوات الشهيد كمال جنبلاط | Jayish al-Tahrir al-Sha'aby) or Armée de Libération Populaire (ALP) in French was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War.
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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين, al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Taḥrīr Filasṭīn) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist and revolutionary socialist organization founded in 1967 by George Habash.
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Popular Guard
The Popular Guard – PG or Popular Guards (Arabic: الحرس الشعبي | Al-Harass al-Sha'abiy), Garde Populaire (GP) in French was the military wing of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP), which fought in the 1975-77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and subsequent conflicts.
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Prime minister
A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.
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Progressive Socialist Party
The Progressive Socialist Party or PSP (الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي, al-hizb al-taqadummi al-ishtiraki, Parti socialiste progressiste) is a political party in Lebanon.
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RAF Akrotiri
Royal Air Force Akrotiri or more simply RAF Akrotiri is a large Royal Air Force station, on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus.
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Ramlet al-Baida
Ramlet al-Baida is a public beach in Beirut, Lebanon.
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Rayak Air Base
Rayak Air Base (قاعدة رياق الجوية | Kaidat Rayak al-jawiya) is Lebanon's first air base and the place where the Lebanese Air Force was born on June 1, 1949.
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Recoilless rifle
A recoilless rifle (RCLR) or recoilless gun is a type of lightweight tube artillery that is designed to allow some of the propellant gases to escape out the rear of the weapon at the moment of ignition, creating forward thrust that counteracts some of the weapon's recoil.
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Republican Guard (Lebanon)
The Republican Guard Brigade also known as the Presidential Guard Brigade is a unit in the Lebanese Army, attached to the Directorate-General of the Presidency of Lebanon.
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Right of asylum
The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum, from the Ancient Greek word ἄσυλον) is an ancient juridical concept, under which a person persecuted by his own country may be protected by another sovereign authority, such as another country or church official, who in medieval times could offer sanctuary.
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Right-wing politics
Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable, natural, normal or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics or tradition.
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Robert Ames (CIA official)
Robert Clayton "Bob" Ames, (March 6, 1934 – April 18, 1983) was an American intelligence officer, the Central Intelligence Agency's Near East Director.
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Robert Fisk
Robert Fisk (born 12 July 1946) is an English writer and journalist.
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
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Sabra and Shatila massacre
The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the killing of between 762 and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, by a militia close to the Kataeb Party, also called Phalange, a predominantly Christian Lebanese right-wing party in the Sabra neighborhood and the adjacent Shatila refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon.
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Salima, Lebanon
Salima (صليما; also spelled Salimeh) is a municipality in the Baabda District of Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon.
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Samir Geagea
Samir Farid Geagea (سمير فريد جعجع Lebanese pron.:, also spelled Samir Ja‘ja‘; born on 25 October 1952 in Ain al-Remaneh) is a Lebanese militia leader and politician.
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Sands of Beirut
The Sands of Beirut were a series of archaeological sites located on the coastline south of Beirut in Lebanon.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.
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Scottish Aviation Bulldog
The Scottish Aviation Bulldog is a British two-seat side-by-side (with optional third seat) training aircraft designed by Beagle Aircraft as the B.125 Bulldog.
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Shafik Wazzan
Shafik Al-Wazzan (شفيق الوزان, January 16, 1925 – July 8, 1999) was the 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1980 until 1984.
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Shatila refugee camp
The Shatila refugee camp (مخيم شاتيلا), also known as the Chatila refugee camp, is a refugee camp, originally set-up for Palestinian refugees in 1949.
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Sidon
Sidon (صيدا, صيدون,; French: Saida; Phoenician: 𐤑𐤃𐤍, Ṣīdūn; Biblical Hebrew:, Ṣīḏōn; Σιδών), translated to 'fishery' or 'fishing-town', is the third-largest city in Lebanon.
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Souk El Gharb
Souk El Gharb (سوق الغرب), also spelled Suk, Sug al, ul, Suq), is a town located in the Aley District, Mount Lebanon Governorate, in Lebanon and its name translates to "Western Market". Before the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990), this mountain town surrounded by pine woods was a prosperous mountain resort nestled in the mountains of the Aley District of Mount Lebanon, overlooking Saint George Bay and Beirut. Being located only a few kilometers away from the district capital of Aley, it is now considered one of Aley's suburbs. The villages that lie between Aley and Souk El Gharb are Bmakine and the two Ains (the modern spelling in Lebanese Arabic is a'ayn): Ain el-Sayydé ("Our Lady's spring"), and Ain el-Rimmané ("The spring of the pomegranate"). South of Souk El Gharb is located the village of Kaifun.
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Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile (SAM, pronunced), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM, pronounced), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Syrian Army
The Syrian Army, officially the Syrian Arab Army (SAA) (al-Jayš al-ʿArabī as-Sūrī), is the land force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces.
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Syrian occupation of Lebanon
The Syrian occupation of Lebanon (الاحتلال السوري للبنان, Occupation syrienne du Liban) began in 1976, during the Lebanese Civil War, and ended in 2005 following the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri.
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Syrian Social Nationalist Party
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) (الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي, transliterated: Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā'ī, often referred to in French as Parti populaire syrien or Parti social nationaliste syrien), is a nationalist political party operating in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine.
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Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP) (الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي, Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā'ī, often referred to in French as Parti populaire syrien or Parti social nationaliste syrien), is a secular nationalist political party operating in Lebanon, a branch of pan-Syrian Social Nationalist Party.
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T-54/T-55
The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War.
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T-54/T-55 operators and variants
The T-54/T-55 tank series is the most widely used tank in the world and has seen service in over 50 countries.
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Technical (vehicle)
Technical, in professional military parlance often called Non-standard tactical vehicle (NSTV), is a neologism for a light improvised fighting vehicle, typically an open-backed civilian pickup truck or four-wheel drive vehicle mounting a machine gun, anti-aircraft gun, rotary cannon, anti-tank weapon, anti-tank gun, ATGM, mortar, multiple rocket launcher, recoilless rifle or other support weapon, somewhat like a light military gun truck.
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Trainer aircraft
A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews.
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Tripoli, Lebanon
Tripoli (طرابلس / ALA-LC: Ṭarābulus; Lebanese Arabic: Ṭrāblos; Trablusşam) is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country.
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Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre (صور, Ṣūr; Phoenician:, Ṣūr; צוֹר, Ṣōr; Tiberian Hebrew, Ṣōr; Akkadian:, Ṣurru; Greek: Τύρος, Týros; Sur; Tyrus, Տիր, Tir), sometimes romanized as Sour, is a district capital in the South Governorate of Lebanon.
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United Press International
United Press International (UPI) is an international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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United States Department of Defense
The Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy.
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United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.
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USS Arthur W. Radford
USS Arthur W. Radford (DD-968) was a in the United States Navy.
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USS Bowen (FF-1079)
USS Bowen (DE-1079/FF-1079) was a ''Knox''-class frigate in the United States Navy. She was named for Vice Admiral Harold G. Bowen, Sr. (1883-1965), former chief of the Naval Research Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research, who was deceased at the time of her commissioning. Admiral Bowen's son and namesake, Harold G. Bowen, Jr., who also retired as a Vice Admiral, presided over the U.S. Navy's 1969 inquiry into the Pueblo incident. Bowen was built by Avondale Shipyard, Westwego, Louisiana. Bowen was laid down 11 July 1969, launched 2 May 1970 and delivered 17 May 1971. She was commissioned 22 May 1971. Commanded by CDR Arthur Drennan, US Naval Academy Class of 1964, Bowen was part of the Naval expeditionary force deployed off the coast of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War. In early September 1983, U.S. Marines at the Beirut International Airport came under artillery fire. After repeated warnings, Bowen was ordered to fire in defense of the Marines. On 8 September 1983, Bowen opened fire with her 5" Gun, destroying several artillery pieces and a fire control tower in the mountains, 9 miles south-east of Beirut. Bowen's action received international media attention and cemented her place in history as the first Naval Warship to engage in hostile fire in the Mediterranean since World War II. In all, Bowen made 6 firing runs, firing a total of 75 shells at hostile targets. For their actions, Bowen's crew was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation, the Navy Expeditionary Medal and proudly adopted the slogan "First to Shoot in Beirut". In early October 1983, after one month on the "Gun Line", Bowen was relieved by the USS New Jersey (BB-62). Bowen was decommissioned 30 June 1994 and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 11 January 1995. Bowen was disposed of through the Security Assistance Program (SAP), transferred, Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) Section 516, Southern Region Amendment, to Turkey 22 February 2002. She served there as Akdeniz (F-257) until 2011.
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USS Independence (CV-62)
The fifth USS Independence (CV/CVA-62) was an aircraft carrier of the United States Navy.
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USS John Rodgers (DD-983)
USS John Rodgers (DD-983), a ''Spruance''-class destroyer, was the sixth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the three generations of the Rodgers family who served in the navy.
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USS New Jersey (BB-62)
USS New Jersey (BB-62) ("Big J" or "Black Dragon") is an, and was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named after the US state of New Jersey.
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USS Tattnall (DDG-19)
USS Tattnall (DDG-19) was a ''Charles F. Adams''-class guided missile-armed destroyer of the United States Navy.
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USS Virginia (CGN-38)
USS Virginia (CGN-38) was a nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser, the lead ship of her class, and the eighth ship of the United States Navy to be named for the Commonwealth of Virginia. She was commissioned in 1976 and decommissioned in 1994.
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Walid Jumblatt
Walid Bey Jumblatt (وليد بيك جنبلاط; born 7 August 1949) is a veteran Lebanese politician, the leader of Lebanon's Druze and the current leader of the Progressive Socialist Party.
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War Powers Resolution
The War Powers Resolution (also known as the War Powers Resolution of 1973 or the War Powers Act) (50 U.S.C. 1541–1548) is a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
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Weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War was a multi-sided military conflict that pitted a variety of local irregular militias, both Muslim and Christian, against each other between 1975 and 1990.
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Yarze
Yarze (يرزة) is a village in Baabda District southeast of Beirut in Lebanon.
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Zouk Mikael
Zouk Mikael (زوق مكايل, also spelled Zuq Mikha'il or Zouk Mkayel) is a Christian town and municipality in the Keserwan District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon.
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ZPU
The ZPU (Russian: зенитная пулемётная установка, meaning "anti-aircraft machine gun mount") is a family of towed anti-aircraft gun based on the Soviet 14.5×114mm KPV heavy machine gun.
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ZU-23-2
The ZU-23-2, also known as ZU-23, is a Soviet towed 23 mm anti-aircraft twin-barreled autocannon.
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1982 Lebanon War
The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil or Mivtsa Sheleg) by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון הראשונה, Milhemet Levanon Harishona), and known in Lebanon as "the invasion" (الاجتياح, Al-ijtiyāḥ), began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.
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1983 Beirut barracks bombings
The 1983 Beirut barracks bombing was a suicide attack that occurred on October 23, 1983, in Beirut, Lebanon, during the Lebanese Civil War.
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1983 United States embassy bombing
The April 18, 1983, United States embassy bombing was a suicide bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, that killed 63 people, including 17 Americans.
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24th Marine Expeditionary Unit
The 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit (24th MEU) is one of seven Marine Expeditionary Units currently in existence in the United States Marine Corps.
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4th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 4th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) was a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active from its creation in January 1983 until its destruction in September that year, in wake of the Mountain War.
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5th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 5th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) is a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active since its creation in January 1983.
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6th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 6th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) is a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active since its creation in January 1983.
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7th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 7th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) is a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active since its creation in June 1983.
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8th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 8th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) is a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active since its creation in January 1983.
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9K31 Strela-1
The 9K31 Strela-1 (9К31 «Стрела-1»; arrow) is a highly mobile, short-range, low altitude infra-red guided surface-to-air missile system.
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9K32 Strela-2
The 9K32 Strela-2 (Cтрела, "arrow"; NATO reporting name SA-7 Grail) is a man-portable, shoulder-fired, low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (MANPADS) with a high explosive warhead and passive infrared homing guidance.
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9th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon)
The 9th Infantry Brigade (Lebanon) is a Lebanese Army unit that fought in the Lebanese Civil War, being active since its creation in January 1984.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_War_(Lebanon)
