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247 relations: Achille Compagnoni, Aconcagua, Adolphus Warburton Moore, Africa, Age of Enlightenment, Alaska, Alaska Range, Albert F. Mummery, Aleister Crowley, Alfred Wills, Alpine Club (UK), Alpine Club of Canada, Alpine style, Alps, Altitude sickness, American Cordillera, Anchor (climbing), Ancient Greek, Andes, Andrew Irvine (mountaineer), Annapurna Massif, Antarctica, Aoraki / Mount Cook, Apennine Mountains, Atmosphere of Earth, Avalanche transceiver, Backcountry skiing, Backpacking (wilderness), Beklemeto Pass, Belaying, Bergschrund, Bolivia, Bollard, Bottled oxygen (climbing), Bouldering, Breithorn, British Columbia, British Empire, California, Camping, Carpathian Mountains, Cascade Range, Caucasus, Caucasus Mountains, Central Asia, Chamonix, Charles Granville Bruce, Charles Hudson (climber), Chimborazo, Christian Almer, ..., Climbing, Climbing protection, Climbing wall, Coast Mountains, Coca, Columbia Icefield, Compass, Cordillera Blanca, Corno Grande, Crampons, Crevasse, Crevasse rescue, Denali, Domjulien, Douglas Freshfield, Edmund Hillary, Edward FitzGerald (mountaineer), Edward Shirley Kennedy, Edward Whymper, Eight-thousander, Erosion, Erythroxylum coca, Everest Base Camp, Expedition style, Exploration of the High Alps, Fanny Bullock Workman, Fédération Française des clubs alpins et de montagne, Finsteraarhorn, Florence Crauford Grove, Foehn wind, France, Francis Fox Tuckett, Fremont Peak (Wyoming), George Mallory, Glacier, Glossary of climbing terms, Golden Age, Golden age of alpinism, Greater Ranges, Grossglockner, Gurkha, Halford Mackinder, Hans Meyer (geologist), Heaven, Henriette d'Angeville, Hermann Buhl, High-altitude cerebral edema, High-altitude pulmonary edema, Highest unclimbed mountain, Hiking, Himalayas, Hindu Kush, Horace Walker, Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, Hudson Stuck, Hypothermia, Ice, Ice axe, Ice climbing, Ice screw, Igloo, Index of climbing topics, India, International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation, Jacques Balmat, Jelenia Góra, John C. Frémont, John Tyndall, Jungfrau, K2, Kangchenjunga, Karakoram, Krkonoše, Kunlun Mountains, Lahar, Lead climbing, Leslie Stephen, Lightning, Lino Lacedelli, List of alpine clubs, List of climbers and mountaineers, List of first ascents, List of mountaineering equipment brands, Lord Francis Douglas, Louis Lachenal, Ludwig Purtscheller, Maipo (volcano), Marie Paradis, Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, Matterhorn, Matthias Zurbriggen, Maurice Herzog, Melchior Anderegg, Methamphetamine, Michel Croz, Michel-Gabriel Paccard, Mont Aiguille, Mont Blanc, Mont Ventoux, Mount Everest, Mount Kazbek, Mount Kenya, Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Logan, Mount Olympus, Mount Saint Elias, Mountain, Mountain film, Mountain hut, Mountain range, Mountain rescue, Mountaineering, Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, Nanga Parbat, Nepal, Norway, Nun Kun, Ortler, Oscar Eckenstein, Pacific Northwest, Package tour, Pamir Mountains, Paul Güssfeldt, Peak bagging, Petrarch, Philip V of Macedon, Photokeratitis, Pico de Orizaba, Pikes Peak, Pitch (ascent/descent), Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, Pyrenees, Quinzhee, Renal tissue kallikrein, Richard Pococke, Rila, Rock (geology), Rock climbing, Rocky Mountains, Rwenzori Mountains, Sacred mountains, Saint Elias Mountains, Scandinavia, Scottish Highlands, Scrambling, Self-arrest, Serac, Shishapangma, Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Sikkim, Ski mountaineering, Skiing, Sleeping bag liner, Sněžka, Snow, Snow bridge, Snow cave, Snow goggles, Snow Leopard award, Solar irradiance, Southern Alps, Sport, Sport climbing, Stratovolcano, Sudetes, Sunburn, Superstition, Swiss Alpine Club, Tatra Mountains, Tent, Tenzing Norgay, Tephra, Thunderstorm, Tian Shan, Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibetan Plateau, Tierra del Fuego, Tom Fyfe, Traditional climbing, Ultraviolet, Via ferrata, Vinson Massif, Volcano, Wetterhorn, Whiteout (weather), William F. Raynolds, William Mathews (mountaineer), William Spotswood Green, William Windham Sr., Wind, World altitude record (mountaineering), Wyoming, Yukon, 1922 British Mount Everest expedition, 1924 British Mount Everest expedition, 1950 French Annapurna expedition, 19th century. Expand index (197 more) »
Achille Compagnoni
Achille Compagnoni (26 September 1914 – 13 May 2009) was an Italian mountaineer and skier.
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Aconcagua
Aconcagua is the highest mountain outside Asia, at, and the highest point in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Adolphus Warburton Moore
Adolphus Warburton Moore (1841–1887) (known generally as A. W. Moore) was a British civil servant and mountaineer.
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Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).
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Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment (also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason; in lit in Aufklärung, "Enlightenment", in L’Illuminismo, “Enlightenment” and in Spanish: La Ilustración, "Enlightenment") was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Century of Philosophy".
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Alaska
Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.
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Alaska Range
The Alaska Range is a relatively narrow, 650-km-long (400 mi) mountain range in the southcentral region of the U.S. state of Alaska, from Lake Clark at its southwest endSources differ as to the exact delineation of the Alaska Range.
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Albert F. Mummery
Albert Frederick Mummery (10 September 1855, Dover, Kent, England – 24 August 1895, Nanga Parbat), was an English mountaineer and author.
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Aleister Crowley
Aleister Crowley (born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist, and mountaineer.
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Alfred Wills
Sir Alfred Wills PC (11 December 1828 – 9 August 1912) was a judge of the High Court of England and Wales and a well-known mountaineer.
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Alpine Club (UK)
The Alpine Club was founded in London in 1857 and is the world's first mountaineering club.
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Alpine Club of Canada
The Alpine Club of Canada (ACC) is an amateur athletic association with its national office in Canmore, Alberta that has been a focal point for Canadian mountaineering since its founding in 1906.
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Alpine style
Alpine style refers to mountaineering in a self-sufficient manner, thereby carrying all of one's food, shelter, equipment, etc.
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Alps
The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.
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Altitude sickness
Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is a negative health effect of high altitude, caused by acute exposure to low amounts of oxygen at high altitude.
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American Cordillera
The American Cordillera is a chain of mountain ranges (cordilleras) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western "backbone" of North America, South America and Antarctica.
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Anchor (climbing)
In rock climbing, an anchor can be any device or method for attaching a climber, a rope, or a load to the climbing surface - typically rock, ice, steep dirt, or a building - either permanently or temporarily.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Andes
The Andes or Andean Mountains (Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world.
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Andrew Irvine (mountaineer)
Andrew Comyn "Sandy" Irvine (8 April 19028 June 1924) was an English mountaineer who took part in the 1924 British Everest Expedition, the third British expedition to the world's highest (8,848 m) mountain, Mount Everest.
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Annapurna Massif
Annapurna (Sanskrit, Nepali, Newar: अन्नपूर्णा) is a massif in the Himalayas in north-central Nepal that includes one peak over, thirteen peaks over, and sixteen more over.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Aoraki / Mount Cook
Aoraki / Mount Cook is the highest mountain in New Zealand.
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Apennine Mountains
The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (Ἀπέννινα ὄρη; Appenninus or Apenninus Mons—a singular used in the plural;Apenninus has the form of an adjective, which would be segmented Apenn-inus, often used with nouns such as mons (mountain) or Greek ὄρος oros, but just as often used alone as a noun. The ancient Greeks and Romans typically but not always used "mountain" in the singular to mean one or a range; thus, "the Apennine mountain" refers to the entire chain and is translated "the Apennine mountains". The ending can vary also by gender depending on the noun modified. The Italian singular refers to one of the constituent chains rather than to a single mountain and the Italian plural refers to multiple chains rather than to multiple mountains. Appennini) are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending along the length of peninsular Italy.
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Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.
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Avalanche transceiver
Avalanche transceivers or avalanche beacons are a class of active radio transceivers operating at 457 kHz and specialized for the purpose of finding people or equipment buried under snow.
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Backcountry skiing
Backcountry skiing (US), also called off-piste (Europe) or out-of-area, is skiing in the backcountry on unmarked or unpatrolled areas either inside or outside a ski resort's boundaries.
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Backpacking (wilderness)
Backpacking is the outdoor recreation of carrying gear on one's back, while hiking for more than a day.
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Beklemeto Pass
Beklemeto Pass, also known as Troyan Pass (Троянски проход), is a mountain pass in the Balkan Mountains (Stara Planina) in Bulgaria.
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Belaying
A belayer is belaying behind a lead climber. Belaying refers to a variety of techniques climbers use to exert tension on a climbing rope so that a falling climber does not fall very far.
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Bergschrund
A bergschrund (from the German for mountain cleft) is a crevasse that forms where moving glacier ice separates from the stagnant ice or firn above.
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Bolivia
Bolivia (Mborivia; Buliwya; Wuliwya), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia), is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.
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Bollard
A bollard is a sturdy, short, vertical post.
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Bottled oxygen (climbing)
Bottled oxygen is oxygen in bottles, a terminology especially for high-altitude climbing.
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Bouldering
Bouldering is a form of rock climbing that is performed on small rock formations or artificial rock walls, known as boulders, without the use of ropes or harnesses.
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Breithorn
The Breithorn (German for "broad horn"; 13,661 ft. or 4,164 m) is a mountain range of the Pennine Alps with its highest peak of the same name (but also called Breithorn (Western Summit)), located on the border between Switzerland and Italy.
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British Columbia
British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Camping
Camping is an outdoor activity involving overnight stays away from home in a shelter, such as a tent.
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Carpathian Mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains). They provide the habitat for the largest European populations of brown bears, wolves, chamois, and lynxes, with the highest concentration in Romania, as well as over one third of all European plant species.
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Cascade Range
The Cascade Range or Cascades is a major mountain range of western North America, extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California.
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Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.
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Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system in West Asia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region.
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Central Asia
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.
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Chamonix
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc,.
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Charles Granville Bruce
Brigadier-General The Honourable Charles Granville Bruce, CB, MVO (7 April 1866 – 12 July 1939) was a Himalayan veteran and leader of the second and third British expeditions to Mount Everest in 1922 and 1924.
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Charles Hudson (climber)
Charles Hudson (4 October 1828 – 14 July 1865) was an Anglican chaplain and mountain climber from Skillington, Lincolnshire, England.
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Chimborazo
Chimborazo is a currently inactive stratovolcano in the Cordillera Occidental range of the Andes.
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Christian Almer
Christian Almer Christian Almer (29 March 1826 – 17 May 1898) was a Swiss mountain guide and the first ascentionist of many prominent mountains in the western Alps during the golden and silver ages of alpinism.
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Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or any other part of the body to ascend a steep object.
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Climbing protection
Climbing protection is any of a variety of devices employed to reduce risk and protect others while climbing rock and ice.
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Climbing wall
A climbing wall is an artificially constructed wall with grips for hands and feet, usually used for indoor climbing, but sometimes located outdoors.
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Coast Mountains
The Coast Mountains are a major mountain range in the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America, extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the Coast of British Columbia south to the Fraser River.
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Coca
Coca is any of the four cultivated plants in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to western South America.
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Columbia Icefield
The Columbia Icefield is the largest ice field in the Rocky Mountains.
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Compass
A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions (or points).
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Cordillera Blanca
The Cordillera Blanca (Spanish for "white range") is a mountain range in Peru that is part of the larger Andes range and extends for between 8°08' and 9°58'S and 77°00' and 77°52'W, in a northwesterly direction.
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Corno Grande
Corno Grande is a peak situated in the central Italian province of Teramo in the Abruzzo region.
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Crampons
A crampon is a traction device that is attached to footwear to improve mobility on snow and ice during ice climbing.
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Crevasse
A crevasse is a deep crack, or fracture, found in an ice sheet or glacier, as opposed to a crevice that forms in rock.
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Crevasse rescue
Crevasse rescue is the process of retrieving a climber from a crevasse in a glacier.
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Denali
Denali (also known as Mount McKinley, its former official name) is the highest mountain peak in North America, with a summit elevation of above sea level.
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Domjulien
Domjulien is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
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Douglas Freshfield
Douglas William Freshfield (27 April 1845 – 9 February 1934) was a British lawyer, mountaineer and author, who edited the Alpine Journal from 1872 to 1880.
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Edmund Hillary
Sir Edmund Percival Hillary OSN (20 July 1919 – 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer, explorer, and philanthropist.
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Edward FitzGerald (mountaineer)
Edward Arthur FitzGerald (10 May 1871 – 2 January 1931) was an American born mountaineer and soldier of British descent, best known for leading the expedition which made the first ascent of Aconcagua, the highest mountain in South America, in 1897.
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Edward Shirley Kennedy
Edward Shirley Kennedy (usually known as E. S. Kennedy) (1817–1898) was an English mountaineer and author, and a founding member of the Alpine Club.
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Edward Whymper
Edward Whymper (27 April 1840 – 16 September 1911) was an English mountaineer, explorer, illustrator, and author best known for the first ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865.
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Eight-thousander
The eight-thousanders are the 14 independentIn making any "highest mountains" list, one needs to use a criterion to exclude subpeaks and only list independent mountains.
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Erosion
In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).
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Erythroxylum coca
Erythroxylum coca is one of two species of cultivated coca.
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Everest Base Camp
Everest Base Camp is either one of two base camps on opposite sides of Mount Everest (It could also be any Everest base camp on a given route, but this is less common since the two main routes became standardized).
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Expedition style
Expedition style (or "siege" style) refers to mountaineering which involves setting up a fixed line of stocked camps on the mountain which can be accessed at one's leisure, as opposed to Alpine style where one carries all of one's food, shelter, equipment etc.
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Exploration of the High Alps
The higher region of the Alps were long left to the exclusive attention of the inhabitants of the adjoining valleys, even when Alpine travellers (as distinguished from Alpine climbers) began to visit these valleys.
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Fanny Bullock Workman
Fanny Bullock Workman (January 8, 1859 – January 22, 1925) was an American geographer, cartographer, explorer, travel writer, and mountaineer, notably in the Himalayas.
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Fédération Française des clubs alpins et de montagne
The Fédération Française des clubs alpins et de montagne (FFCAM) is a federation of clubs promoting mountain sports.
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Finsteraarhorn
The Finsteraarhorn is the highest mountain in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland and the most prominent peak of Switzerland.
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Florence Crauford Grove
Florence Crauford Grove (12 March 1838 – 17 August 1902) was an English mountaineer and author, sometimes known as F. Crauford Grove.
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Foehn wind
A föhn or foehn is a type of dry, warm, down-slope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Francis Fox Tuckett
Francis Fox Tuckett FRGS (10 February 1834 – 20 June 1913)D.W.F., 'Obituary: Francis Fox Tuckett' in The Geographical Journal, Vol.
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Fremont Peak (Wyoming)
Fremont Peak) is the third highest peak in Wyoming and straddles the boundary between Fremont and Sublette counties. It is named for American explorer John C. Fremont who climbed the peak with Charles Preuss and Johnny Janisse on August 13 to August 15, 1842. Kit Carson had been with the climbing party on its first attempt at the peak, but had gone back for supplies the day Fremont and his men reached the summit. Carson is thought by some to have been the first to climb neighboring Jackson Peak. At that time, Fremont Peak was mistakenly thought to be the highest mountain in the Rocky Mountains, although there are actually over 100 higher peaks in the range. The peak is located on the Continental Divide and is the second highest peak in the remote Wind River Range after Gannett Peak. The east flank of the peak is in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness of Shoshone National Forest, while the west side is in the Bridger Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest. The Upper Fremont Glacier is located on the north slopes of the mountain. Due to the remote location and difficult ascent, most mountain climbers spend a total of three to five days hiking up to the mountain, climbing to the summit and then later hiking back to their starting point.
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George Mallory
George Herbert Leigh Mallory (18 June 1886 – 8 or 9 June 1924) was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest, in the early 1920s.
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Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.
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Glossary of climbing terms
This page describes terms and jargon related to climbing and mountaineering.
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Golden Age
The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the Works and Days of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity (chrýseon génos) lived.
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Golden age of alpinism
The golden age of alpinism was the decade in mountaineering between Alfred Wills's ascent of the Wetterhorn in 1854 and Edward Whymper's ascent of the Matterhorn in 1865, during which many major peaks in the Alps saw their first ascents.
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Greater Ranges
The Greater Ranges comprise the high mountain ranges of Asia.
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Grossglockner
The Grossglockner (Großglockner or just Glockner is, at 3,798 metres above the Adriatic (12,461 ft), the highest mountain in Austria and the highest mountain in the Alps east of the Brenner Pass. It is part of the larger Glockner Group of the Hohe Tauern range, situated along the main ridge of the Central Eastern Alps and the Alpine divide. The Pasterze, Austria's most extended glacier, lies on the Grossglockner's eastern slope. The characteristic pyramid-shaped peak actually consists of two pinnacles, the Grossglockner and the Kleinglockner (from German: gross, "big", klein, "small"), separated by the Glocknerscharte col.
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Gurkha
The Gurkhas or Gorkhas with endonym Gorkhali (गोरखाली) are the soldiers of Nepalese nationality and ethnic Indian Gorkhas recruited in the British Army, Nepalese Army, Indian Army, Gurkha Contingent Singapore, Gurkha Reserve Unit Brunei, UN Peace Keeping force, and war zones around the world.
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Halford Mackinder
Sir Halford John Mackinder (15 February 1861 – 6 March 1947) was an English geographer, academic, politician, the first Principal of University Extension College, Reading (which became the University of Reading) and Director of the London School of Economics, who is regarded as one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy.
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Hans Meyer (geologist)
Hans Heinrich Josef Meyer (March 22, 1858 – July 5, 1929) was a German geographer from Hildburghausen, who was the son of publisher Herrmann Julius Meyer (1826-1909).
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Heaven
Heaven, or the heavens, is a common religious, cosmological, or transcendent place where beings such as gods, angels, spirits, saints, or venerated ancestors are said to originate, be enthroned, or live.
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Henriette d'Angeville
Henriette d'Angeville (10 March 1794 in Semur-en-Brionnais – 13 January 1871 in Lausanne) was the second woman to climb Mont Blanc.
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Hermann Buhl
Hermann Buhl (21 September 1924 – 27 June 1957) was an Austrian mountaineer and is considered one of the best climbers of all time.
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High-altitude cerebral edema
High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude.
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High-altitude pulmonary edema
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) (HAPO spelled oedema in British English) is a life-threatening form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) that occurs in otherwise healthy mountaineers at altitudes typically above.
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Highest unclimbed mountain
An unclimbed mountain is a mountain peak that has yet to be climbed to the top.
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Hiking
Hiking is the preferred term, in Canada and the United States, for a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails (footpaths), in the countryside, while the word walking is used for shorter, particularly urban walks.
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Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.
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Hindu Kush
The Hindu Kush, also known in Ancient Greek as the Caucasus Indicus (Καύκασος Ινδικός) or Paropamisadae (Παροπαμισάδαι), in Pashto and Persian as, Hindu Kush is an mountain range that stretches near the Afghan-Pakistan border,, Quote: "The Hindu Kush mountains run along the Afghan border with the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan".
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Horace Walker
Horace Walker (1838–1908) was an English mountaineer who made many notable first ascents, including Mount Elbrus and the Grandes Jorasses.
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Horace-Bénédict de Saussure
Portrait of Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (after the picture by Juehl, in the Library at Geneva) Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (17 February 1740 – 22 January 1799) was a Swiss geologist, meteorologist, physicist, mountaineer and Alpine explorer, often called the founder of alpinism and modern meteorology, and considered to be the first person to build a successful solar oven.
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Hudson Stuck
Hudson Stuck (November 11, 1865 – October 10, 1920) was a British native who became an Episcopal priest, social reformer, and mountain climber in the United States.
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Hypothermia
Hypothermia is reduced body temperature that happens when a body dissipates more heat than it absorbs.
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Ice
Ice is water frozen into a solid state.
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Ice axe
An ice axe is a multi-purpose hiking and climbing tool used by mountaineers both in the ascent and descent of routes that involve frozen conditions with snow and/or ice.
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Ice climbing
Ice climbing is the activity of ascending inclined ice formations.
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Ice screw
An ice screw is a threaded tubular screw used as a running belay or anchor by climbers on steep ice surface such as steep waterfall ice or alpine ice during ice climbing or crevasse rescue, to hold the climber in the event of a fall, and at belays as anchor points.
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Igloo
An igloo (Inuit languages: iglu, Inuktitut syllabics ᐃᒡᓗ (plural: igluit ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ)), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of snow, typically built when the snow can be easily compacted.
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Index of climbing topics
No description.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
The International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation, commonly known by its French name Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA, lit. International Union of Alpine Clubs) was founded in August 1932 in Chamonix, France when 20 mountaineering associations met for an alpine congress.
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Jacques Balmat
Jacques Balmat, called le Mont Blanc (1762–1834) was a mountaineer, a Savoyard mountain guide, born in the Chamonix valley in Savoy, at this time part of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
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Jelenia Góra
Jelenia Góra (Hirschberg im Riesengebirge; Exonym: Deer Mountain) is a city in Lower Silesia, south-western Poland.
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John C. Frémont
John Charles Frémont or Fremont (January 21, 1813July 13, 1890) was an American explorer, politician, and soldier who, in 1856, became the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States.
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John Tyndall
John Tyndall FRS (2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th-century physicist.
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Jungfrau
The Jungfrau ("maiden, virgin"The name Jungfrau ("maiden, virgin") of the peak is most likely derived from the name Jungfrauenberg given to Wengernalp, so named for the nuns of Interlaken Monastery, its historical owner, but the "virgin" peak was heavily romanticized as "goddess" or "priestess" in late 18th to 19th century Romanticism; after the first ascent in 1811 by Swiss alpinist Johann Rudolf Meyer, the peak was jokingly referred to as "Mme Meyer" (Mrs. Meyer).) at is one of the main summits of the Bernese Alps, located between the northern canton of Bern and the southern canton of Valais, halfway between Interlaken and Fiesch.
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K2
K2 (کے ٹو), also known as Mount Godwin-Austen or Chhogori (Balti and چھوغوری),, at above sea level, is the second highest mountain in the world, after Mount Everest, at.
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Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga (कञ्चनजङ्घा; कंचनजंघा; ཁང་ཅེན་ཛོཾག་), also spelled Kanchenjunga, is the third highest mountain in the world, and lies partly in Nepal and partly in Sikkim, India.
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Karakoram
The Karakoram, or Karakorum is a large mountain range spanning the borders of Pakistan, India, and China, with the northwest extremity of the range extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
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Krkonoše
The Krkonoše (Czech), Karkonosze (Polish), Riesengebirge (German), Riesageberge (Silesian German) or Giant Mountains, are a mountain range located in the north of the Czech Republic and the south-west of Poland, part of the Sudetes mountain system (part of the Bohemian Massif).
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Kunlun Mountains
The Kunlun Mountains (Хөндлөн Уулс, Khöndlön Uuls) are one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending more than.
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Lahar
A lahar (from wlahar) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.
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Lead climbing
Lead climbing is a climbing technique used to ascend a route.
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Leslie Stephen
Sir Leslie Stephen (28 November 1832 – 22 February 1904) was an English author, critic, historian, biographer, and mountaineer, and father of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell.
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Lightning
Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs typically during a thunderstorm.
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Lino Lacedelli
Lino Lacedelli (4 December 1925 – 20 November 2009) was an Italian mountaineer.
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List of alpine clubs
The first Alpine Club, Alpine Club (UK), was founded in London in 1857.
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List of climbers and mountaineers
This list of climbers and mountaineers is a list of people notable for the activities of mountaineering, rock climbing (including bouldering) and ice climbing.
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List of first ascents
The following list summarizes notable first ascents of mountains and peaks around the world, in chronological order.
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List of mountaineering equipment brands
No description.
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Lord Francis Douglas
Lord Francis William Bouverie Douglas (8 February 1847 – 14 July 1865) was a novice British mountaineer.
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Louis Lachenal
Louis Lachenal (17 July 1921 – 25 November 1955), a French climber born in Annecy, Haute-Savoie, was one of the first two mountaineers to climb a summit of more than 8,000 meters.
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Ludwig Purtscheller
Ludwig Purtscheller (October 6, 1849 – March 3, 1900) was an Austrian mountaineer and teacher.
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Maipo (volcano)
Maipo is a stratovolcano in the Andes, lying on the border between Argentina and Chile.
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Marie Paradis
Marie Paradis (1778 – 1839) was the first woman to climb Mont Blanc.
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Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington
William Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington (12 April 1856 – 19 April 1937), known between 1895 and 1931 as Sir Martin Conway, was an English art critic, politician, cartographer and mountaineer, who made expeditions in Europe as well as in South America and Asia.
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Matterhorn
The Matterhorn (Matterhorn; Cervino; Mont Cervin) is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the main watershed and border between Switzerland and Italy.
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Matthias Zurbriggen
Matthias Zurbriggen (15 May 1856 in Saas-Fee – 21 June 1917 in Geneva) was a Swiss mountaineer, one of the great 19th-century alpinists and mountain guides.
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Maurice Herzog
Maurice Herzog (15 January 1919 – 13 December 2012) was a French mountaineer and administrator who was born in Lyon, France.
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Melchior Anderegg
Melchior Anderegg (28 March 1828 – 8 December 1914), from Zaun, Meiringen, was a Swiss mountain guide and the first ascensionist of many prominent mountains in the western Alps during the golden and silver ages of alpinism.
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Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
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Michel Croz
Michel Auguste Croz (22 April 1828, Le Tour, Chamonix valley – 14 July 1865, Matterhorn) was a French mountain guide and the first ascentionist of many mountains in the western Alps during the golden age of alpinism.
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Michel-Gabriel Paccard
Portrait of Michel Gabriel Paccard. Reproduced from an old portrait in the possession of M. J. P, Cachat, of Chamonix (his great grandson). From a photograph by Tairraz, of Chamonix Michel Gabriel Paccard (1757–1827) was a Savoyard doctor and alpinist, citizen of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
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Mont Aiguille
Mont Aiguille is a mountain in the Vercors Plateau of the French Prealps, located south of Grenoble, in the commune of Chichilianne, and the département of Isère.
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Mont Blanc
Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco), meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps and the highest in Europe west of Russia's Caucasus peaks.
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Mont Ventoux
Mont Ventoux (Ventor in Provençal) is a mountain in the Provence region of southern France, located some 20 km northeast of Carpentras, Vaucluse.
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Mount Everest
Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.
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Mount Kazbek
Mount Kazbek (მყინვარწვერი, Mqinvartsveri; Сæна, Sæna; Башлам, Bashlam; Казбек, Kazbek), is a dormant stratovolcano and one of the major mountains of the Caucasus located on the border of Georgia's Kazbegi District and Russia's Republic of North Ossetia–Alania.
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Mount Kenya
Mount Kenya is the highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro.
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Mount Kilimanjaro
Mount Kilimanjaro or just Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic cones, "Kibo", "Mawenzi", and "Shira", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.
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Mount Logan
Mount Logan is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest peak in North America, after Denali.
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Mount Olympus
Mount Olympus (Όλυμπος Olympos, for Modern Greek also transliterated Olimbos, or) is the highest mountain in Greece.
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Mount Saint Elias
Mount Saint Elias, also designated Boundary Peak 186, is the second highest mountain in both Canada and the United States, being situated on the Yukon and Alaska border.
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Mountain
A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak.
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Mountain film
A mountain film is a film genre that focuses on mountaineering and especially the battle of human against nature.
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Mountain hut
A mountain hut (also known as alpine hut, mountain shelter, mountain refuge, mountain lodge, and mountain hostel) is a building located high in the mountains, generally accessible only by foot, intended to provide food and shelter to mountaineers, climbers and hikers.
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Mountain range
A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills ranged in a line and connected by high ground.
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Mountain rescue
Mountain rescue refers to search and rescue activities that occur in a mountainous environment, although the term is sometimes also used to apply to search and rescue in other wilderness environments.
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Mountaineering
Mountaineering is the sport of mountain climbing.
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Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills is often considered the standard textbook for mountaineering and climbing in North America.
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Nanga Parbat
Nanga Parbat (Urdu), locally known as Diamer, is the ninth highest mountain in the world at above sea level.
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Nepal
Nepal (नेपाल), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल), is a landlocked country in South Asia located mainly in the Himalayas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
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Norway
Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.
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Nun Kun
The Nun Kun mountain massif consists of a pair of Himalayan peaks: Nun, 7,135 m (23,409 ft) and its neighbor peak Kun Peak, 7,077 m (23,218 ft).
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Ortler
Ortler (Ortles) is, at above sea level, the highest mountain in the Eastern Alps outside the Bernina Range.
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Oscar Eckenstein
Oscar Johannes Ludwig Eckenstein (9 September 1859 – 1921) was an English rock climber and mountaineer, and a pioneer in the sport of bouldering.
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Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and (loosely) by the Cascade Mountain Range on the east.
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Package tour
A package tour, package vacation, or package holiday comprises transport and accommodation advertised and sold together by a vendor known as a tour operator.
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Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains, or the Pamirs, are a mountain range in Central Asia at the junction of the Himalayas with the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush, Suleman and Hindu Raj ranges.
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Paul Güssfeldt
Dr Paul Güssfeldt (spelled Güßfeldt in German) (14 October 1840 – 18 January 1920) was a German geologist, mountaineer and explorer.
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Peak bagging
Peak bagging or hill bagging is an activity in which hikers, climbers, and mountaineers attempt to reach a collection of summits, published in the form of a list.
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Petrarch
Francesco Petrarca (July 20, 1304 – July 18/19, 1374), commonly anglicized as Petrarch, was a scholar and poet of Renaissance Italy who was one of the earliest humanists.
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Philip V of Macedon
Philip V (Φίλιππος; 238–179 BC) was King (Basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia from 221 to 179 BC.
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Photokeratitis
Photokeratitis or ultraviolet keratitis is a painful eye condition caused by exposure of insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from either natural (e.g. intense sunlight) or artificial (e.g. the electric arc during welding) sources.
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Pico de Orizaba
Pico de Orizaba, also known as Citlaltépetl (from Nahuatl citlal(in).
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Pikes Peak
Pikes Peak is the highest summit of the southern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, in North America.
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Pitch (ascent/descent)
In rock climbing and ice climbing, a pitch is a steep section of a route that requires a rope between two belays, as part of a climbing system.
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Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi
Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi (29 January 1873 – 18 March 1933) was a Spanish mountaineer and explorer, briefly Infante of Spain as son of Amadeo I of Spain, member of the royal House of Savoy and cousin of the Italian King Victor Emmanuel III.
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Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (Pirineos, Pyrénées, Pirineus, Pirineus, Pirenèus, Pirinioak) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France.
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Quinzhee
A quinzhee or quinzee is a snow shelter that is made from a large pile of loose snow which is shaped then hollowed.
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Renal tissue kallikrein
Tissue kallikrein (glandular kallikrein, pancreatic kallikrein, submandibular kallikrein, submaxillary kallikrein, kidney kallikrein, urinary kallikrein, kallikrein, salivary kallikrein, kininogenin, kininogenase, callicrein, glumorin, padreatin, padutin, kallidinogenase, bradykininogenase, depot-padutin, urokallikrein, dilminal D, onokrein P) is an enzyme.
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Richard Pococke
Richard Pococke (19 November 1704 – 25 September 1765)Notes and Queries, p. 129.
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Rila
Rila (Рила) is a mountain range in southwestern Bulgaria and the highest mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkans, with its highest peak being Musala at 2,925 m. The massif is also the sixth highest mountain in Europe (when each mountain is represented by its highest peak only), coming after the Caucasus, the Alps, Sierra Nevada, the Pyrenees and Mount Etna, and the highest between the Alps and the Caucasus.
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Rock (geology)
Rock or stone is a natural substance, a solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
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Rock climbing
Rock climbing is an activity in which participants climb up, down or across natural rock formations or artificial rock walls.
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Rocky Mountains
The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.
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Rwenzori Mountains
The Rwenzori Mountains, previously called the "Ruwenzori Range" (spelling changed around 1980 to conform more closely with the local name Rwenjura), is a mountain range of eastern equatorial Africa, located on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
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Sacred mountains
Sacred mountains are central to certain religions and are the subjects of many legends.
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Saint Elias Mountains
The Saint Elias Mountains (Chaîne Saint-Élie) are a subgroup of the Pacific Coast Ranges, located in southeastern Alaska in the United States, Southwestern Yukon and the very far northwestern part of British Columbia in Canada.
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Scandinavia
Scandinavia is a region in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural and linguistic ties.
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Scottish Highlands
The Highlands (the Hielands; A’ Ghàidhealtachd, "the place of the Gaels") are a historic region of Scotland.
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Scrambling
Scrambling (also known as alpine scrambling) is "a walk up steep terrain involving the use of one's hands".
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Self-arrest
Self-arrest is a technique employed in mountaineering, in which a climber who has fallen and is sliding down a snow or ice-covered slope arrests the slide by themselves without recourse to a rope or other belay system.
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Serac
A serac (originally from Swiss French sérac) is a block or column of glacial ice, often formed by intersecting crevasses on a glacier.
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Shishapangma
Shishapangma, also called Gosainthān, is the 14th highest mountain in the world at above sea level.
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Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
The Sierra Nevada (snowy saw range) is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin.
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Sikkim
Sikkim is a state in Northeast India.
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Ski mountaineering
Ski mountaineering is a skiing discipline that involves climbing mountains either on skis or carrying them, depending on the steepness of the ascent, and then descending on skis.
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Skiing
Skiing can be a means of transport, a recreational activity or a competitive winter sport in which the participant uses skis to glide on snow.
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Sleeping bag liner
Sleeping Bag Liners are lightweight cloth sacks usually fitted inside sleeping bags to provide extra comfort, insulation, and help keep the sleeping bag clean.
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Sněžka
Sněžka or Śnieżka (in Czech and Polish) is a mountain on the border between the Czech Republic and Poland, the most prominent point of the Silesian Ridge in the Krkonoše mountains.
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Snow
Snow refers to forms of ice crystals that precipitate from the atmosphere (usually from clouds) and undergo changes on the Earth's surface.
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Snow bridge
A snow bridge is an arc across a crevasse, a crack in rock, a creek, or some other opening in terrain.
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Snow cave
A snow cave is a shelter constructed in snow by certain animals in the wild, human mountain climbers, winter recreational enthusiasts, and winter survivalists.
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Snow goggles
Snow goggles (Inuktitut: ilgaak or iggaak, syllabics: ᐃᓪᒑᒃ or ᐃᒡᒑᒃ; Yup'ik: nigaugek, pl. nigauget) are a type of eyewear traditionally used by the Inuit and the Yupik, formerly known as Eskimo, peoples of the Arctic to prevent snow blindness.
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Snow Leopard award
The Snow Leopard award was a Soviet mountaineering award, given to very experienced climbers.
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Solar irradiance
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
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Southern Alps
The Southern Alps (Kā Tiritiri-o-te-Moana) is a mountain range extending along much of the length of New Zealand's South Island, reaching its greatest elevations near the range's western side.
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Sport
Sport (British English) or sports (American English) includes all forms of competitive physical activity or games which, through casual or organised participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants, and in some cases, entertainment for spectators.
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Sport climbing
Sport climbing is a form of rock climbing that relies on permanent anchors fixed to the rock for protection.
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Stratovolcano
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice and ash.
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Sudetes
The Sudetes (also known as the Sudeten after their German name; Czech: Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie, Sudetská subprovincie, subprovincie Sudety, Sudetská pohoří, Sudetské pohoří, Sudety; Polish: Sudety) are a mountain range in Central Europe.
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Sunburn
Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun.
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Superstition
Superstition is a pejorative term for any belief or practice that is considered irrational: for example, if it arises from ignorance, a misunderstanding of science or causality, a positive belief in fate or magic, or fear of that which is unknown.
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Swiss Alpine Club
The Swiss Alpine Club (Schweizer Alpen-Club, Club Alpin Suisse, Club Alpino Svizzero, Club Alpin Svizzer) is the largest mountaineering club in Switzerland.
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Tatra Mountains
The Tatra Mountains, Tatras or Tatra (Tatry either in Slovak or in Polish- plurale tantum), is a mountain range that forms a natural border between Slovakia and Poland.
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Tent
A tent is a shelter consisting of sheets of fabric or other material draped over, attached to a frame of poles or attached to a supporting rope.
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Tenzing Norgay
Tenzing Norgay GM OSN (tendzin norgyé; 29 May 1914 – 9 May 1986), born Namgyal Wangdi and often referred to as Sherpa Tenzing, was a Nepali Sherpa mountaineer.
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Tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.
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Thunderstorm
A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, lightning storm, or thundershower, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.
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Tian Shan
The Tian Shan,, also known as the Tengri Tagh, meaning the Mountains of Heaven or the Heavenly Mountain, is a large system of mountain ranges located in Central Asia.
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Tibet Autonomous Region
The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) or Xizang Autonomous Region, called Tibet or Xizang for short, is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
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Tibetan Plateau
The Tibetan Plateau, also known in China as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau or the Qing–Zang Plateau or Himalayan Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai in western China, as well as part of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego (Spanish for "Land of Fire") is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan.
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Tom Fyfe
Thomas Camperdown "Tom" Fyfe (June 23, 1870 in Timaru - 1947 in Hastings) was a self-taught New Zealand mountaineer from Timaru.
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Traditional climbing
Traditional climbing, or trad climbing, is a style of rock climbing in which a climber or group of climbers place all gear required to protect against falls, and remove it when a pitch is complete.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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Via ferrata
A via ferrata (Italian for "iron path", plural vie ferrate or in English via ferratas) is a protected climbing route found in the Alps and certain other locations.
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Vinson Massif
Vinson Massif is a large mountain massif in Antarctica that is long and wide and lies within the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains.
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Volcano
A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.
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Wetterhorn
The Wetterhorn (3,692 m) is a peak in the Swiss Alps towering above the village of Grindelwald.
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Whiteout (weather)
Whiteout is a weather condition in which visibility and contrast are severely reduced by snow or sand.
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William F. Raynolds
William Franklin Raynolds (March 17, 1820 – October 18, 1894) was an explorer, engineer and U.S. army officer who served in the Mexican-American War and American Civil War.
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William Mathews (mountaineer)
William Mathews (1828–1901) was an English mountaineer, botanist, land agent and surveyor, who first proposed the formation of the Alpine Club of London in 1857.
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William Spotswood Green
William Spotswood Green (1847 – 22 April 1919N.N.: "Obituary: William Spotswood Green", The Geographical Journal 55(1) (January 1920), pp. 70–71. Published by the Royal Geographical Society.) was an Irish naturalist, specialized on marine biology.
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William Windham Sr.
William Windham, Senior, FRS (1717 – 30 October 1761) was an English landowner, a member of an ancient (Norfolk) family.
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Wind
Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale.
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World altitude record (mountaineering)
In the history of mountaineering, the world altitude record referred to the highest point on the Earth's surface which had been reached, regardless of whether that point was an actual summit.
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Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.
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Yukon
Yukon (also commonly called the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three federal territories (the other two are the Northwest Territories and Nunavut).
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1922 British Mount Everest expedition
The 1922 British Mount Everest expedition was the first mountaineering expedition with the express aim of making the first ascent of Mount Everest.
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1924 British Mount Everest expedition
The 1924 British Mount Everest expedition was—after the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition—the second expedition with the goal of achieving the first ascent of Mount Everest.
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1950 French Annapurna expedition
The 1950 French Annapurna expedition, led by Maurice Herzog, successfully reached the summit of Annapurna I at, the highest peak in the Annapurna Massif.
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19th century
The 19th century was a century that began on January 1, 1801, and ended on December 31, 1900.
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Alpinism, Alpinist, Andinism, Base Camp, Base camp, Basecamp, Falling rocks, Himalaism, Mountain Climbing, Mountain climber, Mountain climbing, Mountain-climbing, Mountaineer, Mountaineers.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountaineering
