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Music theory

Index Music theory

Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music. [1]

281 relations: Abelian group, Abstract algebra, Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Added tone chord, Adolf Bernhard Marx, All but dissertation, Allen Forte, Alypius (music writer), Amateur, Anasazi flute, Anthony Newcomb, AP Music Theory, Aptitude, Arabic music, Architecture, Archytas, Aristoxenus, Arnold Schoenberg, Arnold Whittall, Arpeggio, Atonality, Audio frequency, Augmented triad, Avicenna, Axiom, Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Music, Banu al-Munajjim, Bar (music), Baroque music, Behavior, Benjamin Boretz, Blues, Boethius, C (musical note), Canzona, Carl Dahlhaus, Carl Seashore, Chairman, Charles Darwin, Chord (music), Chord chart, Chord names and symbols (popular music), Chord progression, Chromatic scale, Circle of fifths, Classical music, Cleonides, Cognitive musicology, College, ..., Common chord (music), Common practice period, Concert pitch, Conducting, Consonance and dissonance, Contrast (music), Counterpoint, Creativity, Culture in music cognition, David Lewin, Dean (education), Decibel, Definition of music, Design, Diatonic function, Diminished seventh, Diminished triad, Doctor of Philosophy, Doctrine of the affections, Dominant (music), Dominant seventh chord, Duration (music), Dynamics (music), Edgard Varèse, Eero Tarasti, Elements of music, Emotion, Emotional contagion, Empirical research, Envelope (waves), Equal temperament, Ethnomusicology, Euclid, Experience, Extended chord, Fibonacci number, Figured bass, File format, Folk music, Fourier analysis, Franco of Cologne, Fred Lerdahl, Free abelian group, Fundamental structure, Gardner Read, Genre, Golden ratio, Graduate school, Group theory, Guan (instrument), Gudi (instrument), Guido of Arezzo, Harmonization, Harmony, Hearing, Heinrich Schenker, Historically informed performance, History of music, Homophony, Howard Hanson, Hucbald, Human subject research, Human voice, Ian Bent, Indian classical music, Intelligence, Interval (music), Inversion (music), Ishaq al-Mawsili, Isometry, Jazz harmony, Jean-Jacques Nattiez, Jiegu, John Tyrrell (musicologist), Jonathan Kramer, Just intonation, Key (music), Key signature, Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir, Konghou, Lüshi Chunqiu, Lead sheet, Legato, Leonard B. Meyer, List of music theorists, Lists of composers, Macro analysis, Madrigal, Major chord, Major scale, Major second, Marcato, Martelé (bowstroke), Master of Arts, Mathematics, Maury Yeston, Melody, Mensural notation, Metre (music), Middle Ages, Minor chord, Minor scale, Mode (music), Monaural, Motet, Music, Music appreciation, Music criticism, Music education, Music history, Music of China, Music of Mesopotamia, Music psychology, Music school, Music therapy, Musical acoustics, Musical composition, Musical form, Musical gesture, Musical instrument, Musical notation, Musical note, Musical phrasing, Musical syntax, Musical technique, Musical tone, Musical tuning, Musicology, National anthem, Natya Shastra, Neume, Number theory, Observation, Octatonic scale, Octave, Ontogeny, Oscar van Dillen, Ottoman classical music, Oud, Overtone, Oxford University Press, Paleolithic flutes, Pentatonic scale, Perception, Percy Scholes, Persian traditional music, Peter van der Merwe (musicologist), Philip Tagg, Philolaus, Phon, Phylogenetics, Pipa, Pitch (music), Pitch class, Plainsong, Polyphony, Polyrhythm, Porphyry (philosopher), Portato, Psychology, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Pythagorean tuning, Pythagoreanism, Quadrivium, Range (music), Ratio, Ray Jackendoff, Raymond Monelle, Records of the Grand Historian, Reginald Smith Brindle, Renaissance music, Repetition (music), Rhythm, Ricercar, Richard Middleton (musicologist), Roland Barthes, Roman Jakobson, Roman numerals, Romantic music, Root (chord), Sacred Harp, Safi al-Din al-Urmawi, Samaveda, Scale (music), Schenkerian analysis, Semiotics, Semitone, Sessional lecturer, Set (music), Set theory, Set theory (music), Seventh chord, Sima Qian, Simultaneity (music), Skill, Social behavior, Society for Music Theory, Solmization, Spiccato, Staccato, Staff (music), Stanley Sadie, Sui dynasty, Syncopation, Tang dynasty, Tempo, Tenuto, The Book of Healing, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, The Oxford Companion to Music, Theon of Smyrna, Theory of painting, Thomas Swiss, Timbre, Time signature, Tonality, Tone row, Transformation (music), Transposition (music), Triad (music), Twelve-tone technique, Unison, University, V. Kofi Agawu, Variation (music), Visual arts, Vocal folds, Western culture, Wiley-Blackwell, Yajurveda. Expand index (231 more) »

Abelian group

In abstract algebra, an abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on the order in which they are written.

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Abstract algebra

In algebra, which is a broad division of mathematics, abstract algebra (occasionally called modern algebra) is the study of algebraic structures.

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Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani

`Ali ibn al-Husayn ul-Iṣfahānī (أبو الفرج الأصفهاني), also known as Abu-l-Faraj or, in the West, as Abulfaraj (897–967 CE) was an historian of Arab-Quraysh origin who is noted for collecting and preserving ancient Arabic lyrics and poems in his major work, the Kitāb al-Aghānī.

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Added tone chord

An added tone chord is a non-tertian chord composed of a tertian triad and an extra "added" note.

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Adolf Bernhard Marx

Friedrich Heinrich Adolf Bernhard Marx (15 March 1795, Halle – 17 May 1866, Berlin) was a German composer, musical theorist and critic.

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All but dissertation

"All but dissertation" (ABD) is a term identifying a stage in the process of obtaining a research doctorate in the United States.

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Allen Forte

Allen Forte (December 23, 1926 – October 16, 2014) was an American music theorist and musicologist.

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Alypius (music writer)

Alypius of Alexandria (Ἀλύπιος) was a Greek writer on music who flourished around 360.

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Amateur

An amateur (French amateur "lover of", from Old French and ultimately from Latin amatorem nom. amator, "lover") is generally considered a person who pursues a particular activity or field of study independently from their source of income.

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Anasazi flute

The Anasazi flute is the name of a prehistoric end-blown flute replicated today from findings at a massive cave in Prayer Rock Valley in Arizona, United States by an archaeological expedition led by Earl H. Morris in 1931.

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Anthony Newcomb

Anthony Newcomb (born August 6, 1941) is an American musicologist.

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AP Music Theory

Advanced Placement Music Theory (or AP Music Theory, AP Jams, AP Music, or even Music AP) is a course and examination offered in the United States by the College Board as part of the Advanced Placement Program to high school students who wish to earn credit for a college level music theory course.

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Aptitude

An aptitude is a component of a competence to do a certain kind of work at a certain level.

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Arabic music

Arabic music or Arab music (Arabic: الموسيقى العربية – ALA-LC) is the music of the Arab people.

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Architecture

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.

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Archytas

Archytas (Ἀρχύτας; 428–347 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and strategist.

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Aristoxenus

Aristoxenus of Tarentum (Ἀριστόξενος ὁ Ταραντῖνος; born c. 375, fl. 335 BCE) was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, and a pupil of Aristotle.

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Arnold Schoenberg

Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian-American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter.

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Arnold Whittall

Arnold Whittall (born 1935, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England) is a British musicologist and writer.

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Arpeggio

A broken chord is a chord broken into a sequence of notes.

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Atonality

Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key.

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Audio frequency

An audio frequency (abbreviation: AF) or audible frequency is characterized as a periodic vibration whose frequency is audible to the average human.

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Augmented triad

An augmented triad is a chord, made up of two major thirds (an augmented fifth).

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Avicenna

Avicenna (also Ibn Sīnā or Abu Ali Sina; ابن سینا; – June 1037) was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, thinkers and writers of the Islamic Golden Age.

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Axiom

An axiom or postulate is a statement that is taken to be true, to serve as a premise or starting point for further reasoning and arguments.

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Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both.

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Bachelor of Music

Bachelor of Music is an academic degree awarded by a college, university, or conservatory upon completion of a program of study in music.

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Banu al-Munajjim

The Banu al-Munajjim (بنو المنجم), was an Iranian family of Abbasid officials attested in the 9th and 10th centuries.

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Bar (music)

In musical notation, a bar (or measure) is a segment of time corresponding to a specific number of beats in which each beat is represented by a particular note value and the boundaries of the bar are indicated by vertical bar lines.

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Baroque music

Baroque music is a style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750.

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Behavior

Behavior (American English) or behaviour (Commonwealth English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical environment.

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Benjamin Boretz

Benjamin Boretz (born 3 October 1934) is an American composer and music theorist.

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Blues

Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.

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Boethius

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boëthius, commonly called Boethius (also Boetius; 477–524 AD), was a Roman senator, consul, magister officiorum, and philosopher of the early 6th century.

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C (musical note)

C (Do, Do, C) is the first note of the C major scale, the third note of the A minor scale (the relative minor of C major), and the fourth note (F, A, B, C) of the Guidonian hand, commonly pitched around 261.63 Hz.

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Canzona

The canzona (It. plural canzone) is an instrumental musical form of the 16th and 17th centuries that developed from the Netherlandish chanson.

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Carl Dahlhaus

Carl Dahlhaus (June 10, 1928 – March 13, 1989), a musicologist from (West) Berlin, was one of the major contributors to the development of musicology as a scholarly discipline during the post-war era.

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Carl Seashore

Carl Emil Seashore, born Sjöstrand (January 28, 1866 – October 16, 1949), was a prominent American psychologist and educator.

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Chairman

The chairman (also chairperson, chairwoman or chair) is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

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Chord (music)

A chord, in music, is any harmonic set of pitches consisting of two or more (usually three or more) notes (also called "pitches") that are heard as if sounding simultaneously.

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Chord chart

A chord chart (or chart) is a form of musical notation that describes the basic harmonic and rhythmic information for a song or tune.

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Chord names and symbols (popular music)

Musicians use various kinds of chord names and symbols in different contexts, to represent musical chords.

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Chord progression

A chord progression or harmonic progression is a succession of musical chords, which are two or more notes, typically sounded simultaneously.

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Chromatic scale

The chromatic scale is a musical scale with twelve pitches, each a semitone above or below its adjacent pitches.

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Circle of fifths

In music theory, the circle of fifths (or circle of fourths) is the relationship among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale, their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys.

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Classical music

Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.

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Cleonides

Cleonides (Κλεονείδης) is the author of a Greek treatise on music theory titled Εἰσαγωγὴ ἁρμονική Eisagōgē harmonikē (Introduction to Harmonics).

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Cognitive musicology

Cognitive musicology is a branch of cognitive science concerned with computationally modeling musical knowledge with the goal of understanding both music and cognition.

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College

A college (Latin: collegium) is an educational institution or a constituent part of one.

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Common chord (music)

A common chord, in the theory of harmony, is a chord that is diatonic to more than one key or, in other words, is common to (shared by) two keys.

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Common practice period

In the history of European art music, the common practice period is the era between the formation and the decline of the tonal system.

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Concert pitch

Concert pitch is the pitch reference to which a group of musical instruments are tuned for a performance.

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Conducting

Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or choral concert.

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Consonance and dissonance

In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds.

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Contrast (music)

In music and musical form, contrast is the difference between parts or different instrument sounds.

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Counterpoint

In music, counterpoint is the relationship between voices that are harmonically interdependent (polyphony) yet independent in rhythm and contour.

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Creativity

Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed.

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Culture in music cognition

Culture in music cognition refers to the impact that a person's culture has on their music cognition, including their preferences, emotion recognition, and musical memory.

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David Lewin

David Benjamin Lewin (July 2, 1933 – May 5, 2003) was an American music theorist, music critic and composer.

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Dean (education)

In academic administrations such as colleges or universities, a dean is the person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both.

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Decibel

The decibel (symbol: dB) is a unit of measurement used to express the ratio of one value of a physical property to another on a logarithmic scale.

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Definition of music

A definition of the term music – a statement of the word's meaning – endeavors to give an accurate and concise explanation of music's basic attributes or essential nature.

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Design

Design is the creation of a plan or convention for the construction of an object, system or measurable human interaction (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit diagrams, and sewing patterns).

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Diatonic function

In tonal music theory, a function (often called harmonic function, tonal function or diatonic function, or also chord area) is the relationship of a chord to a tonal center.

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Diminished seventh

In classical music from Western culture, a diminished seventh is an interval produced by narrowing a minor seventh by a chromatic semitone.

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Diminished triad

In music, a diminished triad, also known as the minor flatted fifth (m5), is a triad consisting of two minor thirds above the root — if built on C, a diminished triad would have a C, an E and a G. It resembles a minor triad with a lowered (flattened) fifth.

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Doctor of Philosophy

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or Ph.D.; Latin Philosophiae doctor) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.

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Doctrine of the affections

The doctrine of the affections, also known as the doctrine of affects, doctrine of the passions, theory of the affects, or by the German term Affektenlehre (after the German Affekt; plural Affekte) was a theory in the aesthetics of painting, music, and theatre, widely used in the Baroque era (1600–1750). Literary theorists of that age, by contrast, rarely discussed the details of what was called "pathetic composition", taking it for granted that a poet should be required to "wake the soul by tender strokes of art" (Alexander Pope, cited in). The doctrine was derived from ancient theories of rhetoric and oratory.

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Dominant (music)

In music, the dominant is the fifth scale degree of the diatonic scale, called "dominant" because it is next in importance to the tonic, and a dominant chord is any chord built upon that pitch, using the notes of the same diatonic scale.

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Dominant seventh chord

In music theory, a dominant seventh chord, or major minor seventh chord, is a chord composed of a root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh.

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Duration (music)

In music, duration is an amount of time or a particular time interval: how long or short a note, phrase, section, or composition lasts.

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Dynamics (music)

In music, the dynamics of a piece is the variation in loudness between notes or phrases.

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Edgard Varèse

Edgard Victor Achille Charles Varèse (also spelled Edgar Varèse;Malcolm MacDonald, Varèse, Astronomer in Sound (London, 2003), p. xi. December 22, 1883 – November 6, 1965) was a French-born composer who spent the greater part of his career in the United States.

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Eero Tarasti

Eero Aarne Pekka Tarasti (born 27 September 1948 in Helsinki), is a Finnish musicologist and semiologist, currently serving as Professor of Musicology at the University of Helsinki.

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Elements of music

Music can be analysed by considering a variety of its elements, or parts (aspects, characteristics, features), individually or together.

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Emotion

Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.

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Emotional contagion

Emotional contagion is the phenomenon of having one person's emotions and related behaviors directly trigger similar emotions and behaviors in other people.

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Empirical research

Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.

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Envelope (waves)

In physics and engineering, the envelope of an oscillating signal is a smooth curve outlining its extremes.

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Equal temperament

An equal temperament is a musical temperament, or a system of tuning, in which the frequency interval between every pair of adjacent notes has the same ratio.

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Ethnomusicology

Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.

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Euclid

Euclid (Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs; fl. 300 BC), sometimes given the name Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclides of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "founder of geometry" or the "father of geometry".

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Experience

Experience is the knowledge or mastery of an event or subject gained through involvement in or exposure to it.

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Extended chord

In music, extended chords are tertian chords (built from thirds) or triads with notes extended, or added, beyond the seventh.

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Fibonacci number

In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence, called the Fibonacci sequence, and characterized by the fact that every number after the first two is the sum of the two preceding ones: Often, especially in modern usage, the sequence is extended by one more initial term: By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are either 1 and 1, or 0 and 1, depending on the chosen starting point of the sequence, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.

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Figured bass

Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of musical notation in which numerals and symbols (often accidentals) indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, lute (or other instruments capable of playing chords) play in relation to the bass note that these numbers and symbols appear above or below.

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File format

A file format is a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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Folk music

Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.

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Fourier analysis

In mathematics, Fourier analysis is the study of the way general functions may be represented or approximated by sums of simpler trigonometric functions.

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Franco of Cologne

Franco of Cologne (fl. mid-13th century) was a German music theorist and possibly a composer.

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Fred Lerdahl

Alfred Whitford (Fred) Lerdahl (born March 10, 1943, in Madison, Wisconsin) is the Fritz Reiner Professor of Musical Composition at Columbia University, and a composer and music theorist best known for his work on musical grammar and cognition, rhythmic theory, pitch space, and cognitive constraints on compositional systems.

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Free abelian group

In abstract algebra, a free abelian group or free Z-module is an abelian group with a basis.

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Fundamental structure

In Schenkerian analysis, the fundamental structure (Ursatz) describes the structure of a tonal work as it occurs at the most remote (or "background") level and in the most abstract form.

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Gardner Read

Gardner Read (January 2, 1913 in Evanston, Illinois – November 10, 2005 in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts) was an American composer and musical scholar.

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Genre

Genre is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time.

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Golden ratio

In mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities.

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Graduate school

A graduate school (sometimes shortened as grad school) is a school that awards advanced academic degrees (i.e. master's and doctoral degrees) with the general requirement that students must have earned a previous undergraduate (bachelor's) degree with a high grade point average.

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Group theory

In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups.

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Guan (instrument)

The guan is a Chinese double reed wind instrument.

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Gudi (instrument)

The Jiahu gǔdí (贾湖骨笛) is the oldest known musical instrument from China, dating back to around 6000 BC.

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Guido of Arezzo

Guido of Arezzo (also Guido Aretinus, Guido Aretino, Guido da Arezzo, Guido Monaco, or Guido d'Arezzo, or Guy of Arezzo also Guy d'Arezzo) (991/992 – after 1033) was an Italian music theorist of the Medieval era.

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Harmonization

In music, harmonization is the chordal accompaniment to a line or melody: "Using chords and melodies together, making harmony by stacking scale tones as triads".

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Harmony

In music, harmony considers the process by which the composition of individual sounds, or superpositions of sounds, is analysed by hearing.

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Hearing

Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear.

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Heinrich Schenker

Heinrich Schenker (19 June 1868, Wiśniowczyk – 14 January 1935, Vienna) was a music theorist, music critic, teacher, pianist, and composer, best known for his approach to musical analysis, now usually called Schenkerian analysis.

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Historically informed performance

Historically informed performance (also referred to as period performance, authentic performance, or HIP) is an approach to the performance of classical music, which aims to be faithful to the approach, manner and style of the musical era in which a work was originally conceived.

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History of music

Music is found in every known culture, past and present, varying widely between times and places.

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Homophony

In music, homophony (Greek: ὁμόφωνος, homóphōnos, from ὁμός, homós, "same" and φωνή, phōnē, "sound, tone") is a texture in which a primary part is supported by one or more additional strands that flesh out the harmony and often provide rhythmic contrast.

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Howard Hanson

Howard Harold Hanson (October 28, 1896 – February 26, 1981) was an American composer, conductor, educator, music theorist, and champion of American classical music.

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Hucbald

Hucbald (Hucbaldus, Hubaldus) (c. 840 or 850 – June 20, 930) was a Frankish music theorist, composer, teacher, writer, hagiographer, and Benedictine monk.

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Human subject research

Human subject research is systematic, scientific investigation that can be either interventional (a "trial") or observational (no "test article") and involves human beings as research subjects.

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Human voice

The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal tract, such as talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, etc.

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Ian Bent

Ian David Bent (born January 1, 1938) is a British-born music scholar.

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Indian classical music

Indian classical music is a genre of South Asian music.

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Intelligence

Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.

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Interval (music)

In music theory, an interval is the difference between two pitches.

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Inversion (music)

There are inverted chords, inverted melodies, inverted intervals, and (in counterpoint) inverted voices.

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Ishaq al-Mawsili

Ishaq al-Mawsili (إسحاق الموصلي) (born 150 AH, 767 CE in Rey - died 235 AH, 850 CE in Baghdad) was a Persian"Isḥāq al-Mawṣilī." Encyclopædia Britannica.

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Isometry

In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective.

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Jazz harmony

Jazz harmony is the theory and practice of how chords are used in jazz music.

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Jean-Jacques Nattiez

Jean-Jacques Nattiez (born December 30, 1945, Amiens, France) is a musical semiologist or semiotician and professor of musicology at the Université de Montréal.

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Jiegu

Jiegu is an alternative spelling of Gyêgu the town in Qinghai province The jiegu (羯鼓; Wade–Giles: chieh2-ku3; pinyin: jiégǔ; sometimes translated as "wether drum"; also written as 鞨鼓) was a drum used in ancient China.

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John Tyrrell (musicologist)

John Tyrrell (born 1942) is a British musicologist.

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Jonathan Kramer

Jonathan Donald Kramer (December 7, 1942, Hartford, Connecticut – June 3, 2004, New York City) was an American composer and music theorist.

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Just intonation

In music, just intonation (sometimes abbreviated as JI) or pure intonation is any musical tuning in which the frequencies of notes are related by ratios of small whole numbers.

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Key (music)

In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition in classical, Western art, and Western pop music.

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Key signature

In musical notation, a key signature is a set of sharp, flat, and rarely, natural symbols placed together on the staff.

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Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir

Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir (كتاب الموسيقى الكبير, Great Book of Music) is a treatise on music in Arabic by the Medieval philosopher al-Farabi (872-950/951).

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Konghou

The konghou is an ancient Chinese harp.

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Lüshi Chunqiu

The Lüshi Chunqiu, also known in English as Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, is an encyclopedic Chinese classic text compiled around 239 BC under the patronage of the Qin Dynasty Chancellor Lü Buwei.

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Lead sheet

A lead sheet is a form of musical notation that specifies the essential elements of a popular song: the melody, lyrics and harmony.

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Legato

In music performance and notation, legato (Italian for "tied together"; French lié; German gebunden) indicates that musical notes are played or sung smoothly and connected.

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Leonard B. Meyer

Leonard B. Meyer (January 12, 1918 – December 30, 2007) was a composer, author, and philosopher.

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List of music theorists

This is a list of music theorists arranged in chronological order.

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Lists of composers

This is a list of lists of composers grouped by various criteria.

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Macro analysis

In music theory, macro analysis is a method of transcribing, or writing down chords that may be used along with or instead of conventional musical analysis.

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Madrigal

A madrigal is a secular vocal music composition of the Renaissance and early Baroque eras.

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Major chord

In music theory, a major chord is a chord that has a root note, a major third above this root, and a perfect fifth above this root note.

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Major scale

The major scale (or Ionian scale) is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music.

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Major second

In Western music theory, a major second (sometimes also called whole tone) is a second spanning two semitones.

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Marcato

Marcato (short form: Marc.; Italian for marked) is a musical instruction indicating a note, chord, or passage is to be played louder or more forcefully than the surrounding music.

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Martelé (bowstroke)

Martelé (French; Italian martellato), literally "hammered," is a bowstroke, used when playing bowed string instruments, though the Italian martellando and martellato are also applied to piano and vocal technique, and even (by Franz Liszt) to the organ.

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Master of Arts

A Master of Arts (Magister Artium; abbreviated MA; also Artium Magister, abbreviated AM) is a person who was admitted to a type of master's degree awarded by universities in many countries, and the degree is also named Master of Arts in colloquial speech.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Maury Yeston

Maury Yeston (born October 23, 1945) is an American composer, lyricist, educator and musicologist.

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Melody

A melody (from Greek μελῳδία, melōidía, "singing, chanting"), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity.

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Mensural notation

Mensural notation is the musical notation system used for European vocal polyphonic music from the later part of the 13th century until about 1600.

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Metre (music)

In music, metre (Am. meter) refers to the regularly recurring patterns and accents such as bars and beats.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Minor chord

In music theory, a minor chord is a chord having a root, a minor third, and a perfect fifth.

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Minor scale

In music theory, the term minor scale refers to three scale formations – the natural minor scale (or Aeolian mode), the harmonic minor scale, and the melodic minor scale (ascending or descending) – rather than just one as with the major scale.

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Mode (music)

In the theory of Western music, a mode is a type of musical scale coupled with a set of characteristic melodic behaviors.

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Monaural

Monaural or monophonic sound reproduction (often shortened to mono) is sound intended to be heard as if it were emanating from one position.

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Motet

In western music, a motet is a mainly vocal musical composition, of highly diverse form and style, from the late medieval era to the present.

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Music

Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.

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Music appreciation

In North America, music appreciation courses often focus on Western art music, commonly called "Classical music".

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Music criticism

The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as 'the intellectual activity of formulating judgements on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres'.

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Music education

Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music.

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Music history

Music history, sometimes called historical musicology, is the highly diverse subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies music from a historical viewpoint.

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Music of China

Music of China refers to the music of the Chinese people, which may be the music of the Han Chinese as well as other ethnic minorities within mainland China.

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Music of Mesopotamia

This article treats the music of Ancient Mesopotamia.

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Music psychology

Music psychology, or the psychology of music, may be regarded as a branch of both psychology and musicology.

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Music school

A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music.

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Music therapy

Music therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.

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Musical acoustics

Musical acoustics or music acoustics is a branch of acoustics concerned with researching and describing the physics of music – how sounds are employed to make music.

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Musical composition

Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music.

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Musical form

The term musical form (or musical architecture) refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music; it describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections.

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Musical gesture

In music, gesture is any movement, either physical (bodily) or mental (imaginary).

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Musical instrument

A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.

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Musical notation

Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written, printed, or otherwise-produced symbols.

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Musical note

In music, a note is the pitch and duration of a sound, and also its representation in musical notation (♪, ♩).

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Musical phrasing

Musical phrasing refers to the way a musician shapes a sequence of notes in a passage of music to express an emotion or impression.

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Musical syntax

When analysing the regularities and structure of music as well as the processing of music in the brain, certain findings lead to the question of whether music is based on a syntax that could be compared with linguistic syntax.

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Musical technique

Musical technique is the ability of instrumental and vocal musicians to exert optimal control of their instruments or vocal cords in order to produce the precise musical effects they desire.

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Musical tone

Traditionally in Western music, a musical tone is a steady periodic sound.

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Musical tuning

In music, there are two common meanings for tuning.

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Musicology

Musicology is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music.

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National anthem

A national anthem (also state anthem, national hymn, national song, etc.) is generally a patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nation's government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people.

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Natya Shastra

The Nāṭya Śāstra (Sanskrit: नाट्य शास्त्र, Nāṭyaśāstra) is a Sanskrit Hindu text on the performing arts.

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Neume

A neume (sometimes spelled neum) is the basic element of Western and Eastern systems of musical notation prior to the invention of five-line staff notation.

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Number theory

Number theory, or in older usage arithmetic, is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers.

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Observation

Observation is the active acquisition of information from a primary source.

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Octatonic scale

An octatonic scale is any eight-note musical scale.

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Octave

In music, an octave (octavus: eighth) or perfect octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency.

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Ontogeny

Ontogeny (also ontogenesis or morphogenesis) is the origination and development of an organism, usually from the time of fertilization of the egg to the organism's mature form—although the term can be used to refer to the study of the entirety of an organism's lifespan.

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Oscar van Dillen

Oscar Ignatius Joannes van Dillen (born 25 June 1958 in 's-Hertogenbosch) is a Dutch composer, conductor, and instrumentalist.

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Ottoman classical music

Classical Turkish music (Türk sanat müziği, "Turkish art music"; or Klasik Türk müziği, "Classical Turkish music"), sometimes known as Ottoman classical music, developed in Istanbul and other major Ottoman cities and towns through the palaces and Sufi lodges of the Ottoman Empire.

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Oud

The oud (عود) is a short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped stringed instrument (a chordophone in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification of instruments) with 11 or 13 strings grouped in 5 or 6 courses, commonly used in Egyptian, Syrian, Palestinian, Lebanese, Iraqi, Arabian, Jewish, Persian, Greek, Armenian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, North African (Chaabi, Classical, and Spanish Andalusian), Somali, and various other forms of Middle Eastern and North African music.

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Overtone

An overtone is any frequency greater than the fundamental frequency of a sound.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Paleolithic flutes

A number of flutes dating to the European Upper Paleolithic have been discovered.

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Pentatonic scale

A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five notes per octave, in contrast to the more familiar heptatonic scale that has seven notes per octave (such as the major scale and minor scale).

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Perception

Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.

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Percy Scholes

Percy Alfred Scholes M.A., Hon.D.Mus.

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Persian traditional music

Persian traditional music or Iranian traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (also known as Persia).

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Peter van der Merwe (musicologist)

Peter van der Merwe was born in Cape Town, South Africa.

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Philip Tagg

Philip Tagg (born 1944 in Oundle, Northamptonshire, UK) is a British musicologist, writer and educator.

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Philolaus

Philolaus (Φιλόλαος, Philólaos) was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher.

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Phon

The phon is a unit of loudness level for pure tones.

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Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.

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Pipa

The pipa is a four-stringed Chinese musical instrument, belonging to the plucked category of instruments.

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Pitch (music)

Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies.

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Pitch class

In music, a pitch class (p.c. or pc) is a set of all pitches that are a whole number of octaves apart, e.g., the pitch class C consists of the Cs in all octaves.

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Plainsong

Plainsong (also plainchant; cantus planus) is a body of chants used in the liturgies of the Western Church.

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Polyphony

In music, polyphony is one type of musical texture, where a texture is, generally speaking, the way that melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic aspects of a musical composition are combined to shape the overall sound and quality of the work.

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Polyrhythm

Polyrhythm is the simultaneous use of two or more conflicting rhythms, that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another, or as simple manifestations of the same meter.

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Porphyry (philosopher)

Porphyry of Tyre (Πορφύριος, Porphýrios; فرفوريوس, Furfūriyūs; c. 234 – c. 305 AD) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre, in the Roman Empire.

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Portato

Portato (Italian past participle of portare, "to carry"), also mezzo-staccato, French notes portées, in music denotes a smooth, pulsing articulation and is often notated by adding dots under slur markings.

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; Claudius Ptolemaeus) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.

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Pythagoras

Pythagoras of Samos was an Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of the Pythagoreanism movement.

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Pythagorean tuning

Pythagorean tuning is a system of musical tuning in which the frequency ratios of all intervals are based on the ratio 3:2.

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Pythagoreanism

Pythagoreanism originated in the 6th century BC, based on the teachings and beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans, who were considerably influenced by mathematics and mysticism.

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Quadrivium

The quadrivium (plural: quadrivia) is the four subjects, or arts, taught after teaching the trivium.

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Range (music)

In music, the range, or chromatic range, of a musical instrument is the distance from the lowest to the highest pitch it can play.

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Ratio

In mathematics, a ratio is a relationship between two numbers indicating how many times the first number contains the second.

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Ray Jackendoff

Ray Jackendoff (born January 23, 1945) is an American linguist.

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Raymond Monelle

Raymond Monelle (19 August 1937 in Bristol, England – 12 March 2010 in Edinburgh, Scotland).

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Records of the Grand Historian

The Records of the Grand Historian, also known by its Chinese name Shiji, is a monumental history of ancient China and the world finished around 94 BC by the Han dynasty official Sima Qian after having been started by his father, Sima Tan, Grand Astrologer to the imperial court.

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Reginald Smith Brindle

Reginald Smith Brindle (5 January 1917 – 9 September 2003) was a British composer and writer.

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Renaissance music

Renaissance music is vocal and instrumental music written and performed in Europe during the Renaissance era.

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Repetition (music)

Repetition is important in music, where sounds or sequences are often repeated.

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Rhythm

Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός, rhythmos, "any regular recurring motion, symmetry") generally means a "movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions".

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Ricercar

A ricercar (also spelled ricercare, recercar, recercare) is a type of late Renaissance and mostly early Baroque instrumental composition.

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Richard Middleton (musicologist)

Richard Middleton FBA is Emeritus Professor of Music at Newcastle University in Newcastle upon Tyne.

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Roland Barthes

Roland Gérard Barthes (12 November 1915 – 26 March 1980) was a French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist, critic, and semiotician.

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Roman Jakobson

Roman Osipovich Jakobson (Рома́н О́сипович Якобсо́н; October 11, 1896Kucera, Henry. 1983. "Roman Jakobson." Language: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America 59(4): 871–883. – July 18,, compiled by Stephen Rudy 1982) was a Russian–American linguist and literary theorist.

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Roman numerals

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.

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Romantic music

Romantic music is a period of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century.

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Root (chord)

In music theory, the concept of root is the idea that a chord can be represented and named by one of its notes.

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Sacred Harp

Sacred Harp singing is a tradition of sacred choral music that originated in New England and was later perpetuated and carried on in the American South of the United States.

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Safi al-Din al-Urmawi

Safi al-Din al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi (صفی الدین اورموی) or Safi al-Din Abd al-Mu'min ibn Yusuf ibn al-Fakhir al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi (born c. 1216 AD in Urmia, died in 1294 AD in Baghdad) was a renowned musician and writer on the theory of music, possibly of Persian origin.

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Samaveda

The Samaveda (Sanskrit: सामवेद, sāmaveda, from "song" and "knowledge"), is the Veda of melodies and chants.

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Scale (music)

In music theory, a scale is any set of musical notes ordered by fundamental frequency or pitch.

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Schenkerian analysis

Schenkerian analysis is a method of musical analysis of tonal music based on the theories of Heinrich Schenker (1868–1935).

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Semiotics

Semiotics (also called semiotic studies) is the study of meaning-making, the study of sign process (semiosis) and meaningful communication.

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Semitone

A semitone, also called a half step or a half tone, is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music, and it is considered the most dissonant when sounded harmonically.

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Sessional lecturer

Sessional lecturer or sessional instructor is an academic rank for a type of job in Canadian universities and colleges.

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Set (music)

A set (pitch set, pitch-class set, set class, set form, set genus, pitch collection) in music theory, as in mathematics and general parlance, is a collection of objects.

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Set theory

Set theory is a branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which informally are collections of objects.

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Set theory (music)

Musical set theory provides concepts for categorizing musical objects and describing their relationships.

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Seventh chord

A seventh chord is a chord consisting of a triad plus a note forming an interval of a seventh above the chord's root.

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Sima Qian

Sima Qian was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206AD220).

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Simultaneity (music)

In music, a simultaneity is more than one complete musical texture occurring at the same time, rather than in succession.

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Skill

A skill is the ability to carry out a task with determined results often within a given amount of time, energy, or both.

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Social behavior

Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms, typically from the same species.

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Society for Music Theory

The Society for Music Theory (SMT) is an American organisation devoted to the promotion of music theory as a scholarly and pedagogical discipline.

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Solmization

Solmization is a system of attributing a distinct syllable to each note in a musical scale.

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Spiccato

Spiccato is a bowing technique for string instruments in which the bow appears to bounce lightly upon the string.

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Staccato

Staccato (Italian for "detached") is a form of musical articulation.

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Staff (music)

In Western musical notation, the staff (US) or stave (UK) (plural for either: '''staves''') is a set of five horizontal lines and four spaces that each represent a different musical pitch or, in the case of a percussion staff, different percussion instruments.

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Stanley Sadie

Stanley John Sadie, CBE (30 October 1930 – 21 March 2005) was an influential and prolific British musicologist, music critic, and editor.

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Sui dynasty

The Sui Dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance.

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Syncopation

In music, syncopation involves a variety of rhythms which are in some way unexpected which make part or all of a tune or piece of music off-beat.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Tempo

In musical terminology, tempo ("time" in Italian; plural: tempi) is the speed or pace of a given piece.

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Tenuto

Tenuto (Italian, past participle of tenere, "to hold") is a direction used in musical notation.

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The Book of Healing

The Book of Healing (Arabic: کتاب الشفاء Kitāb al-Šifāʾ, Latin: Sufficientia) is a scientific and philosophical encyclopedia written by Abū Alī ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) from ancient Persia, near Bukhara in Greater Khorasan.

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The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians

The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians.

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The Oxford Companion to Music

The Oxford Companion to Music is a music reference book in the series of Oxford Companions produced by the Oxford University Press.

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Theon of Smyrna

Theon of Smyrna (Θέων ὁ Σμυρναῖος Theon ho Smyrnaios, gen. Θέωνος Theonos; fl. 100 CE) was a Greek philosopher and mathematician, whose works were strongly influenced by the Pythagorean school of thought.

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Theory of painting

The idea of founding a theory of painting after the model of music theory, was suggested by Goethe in 1807, and gained much regard among the avant-garde artists of the 1920s, the Weimar culture period, like Paul Klee.

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Thomas Swiss

Thomas Swiss is an American poet and writer.

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Timbre

In music, timbre (also known as tone color or tone quality from psychoacoustics) is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone.

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Time signature

The time signature (also known as meter signature, metre signature, or measure signature) is a notational convention used in Western musical notation to specify how many beats (pulses) are to be contained in each measure (bar) and which note value is equivalent to one beat.

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Tonality

Tonality is the arrangement of pitches and/or chords of a musical work in a hierarchy of perceived relations, stabilities, attractions and directionality.

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Tone row

In music, a tone row or note row (Reihe or Tonreihe), also series or set,George Perle, Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern, fourth Edition (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1977): 3.

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Transformation (music)

In music, a transformation consists of any operation or process that may apply to a musical variable (usually a set or tone row in twelve tone music, or a melody or chord progression in tonal music), or rhythm in composition, performance, or analysis.

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Transposition (music)

In music transposition refers to the process, or operation, of moving a collection of notes (pitches or pitch classes) up or down in pitch by a constant interval.

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Triad (music)

In music, a triad is a set of three notes (or "pitches") that can be stacked vertically in thirds.

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Twelve-tone technique

Twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition devised by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) and associated with the "Second Viennese School" composers, who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence.

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Unison

In music, unison is two or more musical parts sounding the same pitch or at an octave interval, usually at the same time.

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University

A university (universitas, "a whole") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in various academic disciplines.

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V. Kofi Agawu

Victor Kofi Agawu, who publishes as V. Kofi Agawu or more often simply as Kofi Agawu, is a music scholar from the Volta Region of Ghana.

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Variation (music)

In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form.

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Visual arts

The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture.

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Vocal folds

The vocal folds, also known commonly as vocal cords or voice reeds, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally, from back to front, across the larynx.

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Western culture

Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization, Occidental culture, the Western world, Western society, European civilization,is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

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Wiley-Blackwell

Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.

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Yajurveda

The Yajurveda (Sanskrit: यजुर्वेद,, from meaning "prose mantra" and veda meaning "knowledge") is the Veda of prose mantras.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_theory

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