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Médecins Sans Frontières

Index Médecins Sans Frontières

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; pronounced), also known in English as Doctors Without Borders, is an international humanitarian medical non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin best known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases. [1]

220 relations: African trypanosomiasis, Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen, Al-Shabaab (militant group), Aleppo, Amputation, Amsterdam, Anemia, Anfal genocide, Antibiotic, Aral Sea, Arjan Erkel, Army of Republika Srpska, Athens, Attacks on humanitarian workers, Badghis Province, Barcelona, Battle of Kunduz, Beira, Mozambique, Bernard Kouchner, Biafra, Biomedical waste, Birth control, Blockade, Bosniaks, Bosnian War, BP-5 Compact Food, Brussels, Bubonic plague, Bunia, Chechnya, Children in the military, Cholera, Claude Malhuret, Construction foreman, Countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Dagestan, Darfur, Dehydration, Desensitization (psychology), Developing country, Developmental psychology, Diarrhea, Diphtheria, Domestic violence, Drinking water, Dysentery, East Pakistan, Ebola virus disease, Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group, Egil Tynæs, ..., EHealth, Electrolyte, Endemic (epidemiology), Engineers Without Borders, Enriched flour, Epidemiology of suicide, Essential medicines, F-100 and F-75 (foods), First Congo War, First Liberian Civil War, Freetown, French Armed Forces, Geneva, German Doctors for Developing Countries, GlobalMedic, Goma, Great Lakes refugee crisis, Health care, History of Ivory Coast, HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS in Africa, Human development (biology), Humanitarian aid, Humanitarian intervention, Hurricane Fifi–Orlene, Hurricane Jeanne, Hygiene, Idlib District, India, Internally displaced person, International Committee of the Red Cross, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, James Orbinski, Jammu and Kashmir, Janjaweed, Jean-Bertrand Aristide, Joanne Liu, Jonglei State, Kashmir conflict, Khair Khāna, Khmer Rouge, Khmer Rouge Killing Fields, Kigali, Kosovo War, Kunduz hospital airstrike, Kurds, Kwashiorkor, Lasker-Bloomberg Public Service Award, Le Monde, Lebanese Civil War, Libyan Civil War (2011), List of organizations with consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Living in Emergency, Lord's Resistance Army, Luxembourg, Malakal, Malaria, Malnutrition, Management of dehydration, Management of HIV/AIDS, Managua, Manipur, Marasmus, Marburg virus disease, Mark N. Hopkins, Médecins du Monde, Measles, Medical journal, Meningitis, Migrant Offshore Aid Station, Monrovia, Mortality rate, Mujahideen, Multi-National Force – Iraq, NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Nigerian Armed Forces, Nigerian Civil War, Nobel Peace Prize, Non-governmental organization, North Caucasus, North India, North Vietnam, Novartis, Nursing Students Without Borders, Olivier Weber, Opération Turquoise, Operation Mare Nostrum, Opportunistic infection, Oral rehydration therapy, Paris, Phantom limb, Pharmaceutical industry, Plumpy'nut, Poliomyelitis, Population transfer, Porridge, Port-au-Prince, Protein–energy malnutrition, Psychiatrist, Psychologist, Race (human categorization), Raymond Borel, Refugee camp, Religion, Reporters Without Borders, Rony Brauman, Rwandan genocide, Sa'dah, San Salvador, Satellite Internet access, Satmed, Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, Secession, Second Chechen War, Second Congo War, Second Liberian Civil War, Second Sudanese Civil War, Seoul Peace Prize, SES S.A., Sewage treatment, Sexually transmitted infection, Sierra Leone Civil War, Somali Civil War, Somalia, South Africa, South China Sea, South Sudan, South Vietnam, Soviet Union, Soviet–Afghan War, Speedrun, Srebrenica, Sri Lankan Civil War, Sterilization (microbiology), Sub-Saharan Africa, Substance abuse, Sudan, Survey methodology, Taliban treatment of women, Telemedicine, Tetanus, The Concord Review, The New England Journal of Medicine, The Photographer (comics), Timeline of events in humanitarian relief and development, Tuberculosis, United Nations Protection Force, Vaccination, Vaccine, Venice Film Festival, Vietnamese boat people, Visceral leishmaniasis, Vladan Radoman, War in Darfur, War on Terror, Waste management, Water chlorination, Water filter, Water purification, Water well, Waterborne diseases, Whooping cough, Yellow fever, Yemeni Civil War (2015–present), Zaire, 1970 Bhola cyclone, 1972 Nicaragua earthquake, 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia, 2010 Haiti earthquake. Expand index (170 more) »

African trypanosomiasis

African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is an insect-borne parasitic disease of humans and other animals.

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Airstrikes on hospitals in Yemen

A Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen began in 2015, in an attempt to influence the outcome of the Yemeni Civil War.

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Al-Shabaab (militant group)

Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM; حركة الشباب المجاهدين,; Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab, lit. "Mujahideen Youth Movement" or "Movement of Striving Youth"), more commonly known as al-Shabaab (lit), is a jihadist fundamentalist group based in East Africa.

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Aleppo

Aleppo (ﺣﻠﺐ / ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, serving as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most-populous Syrian governorate.

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Amputation

Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Anemia

Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.

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Anfal genocide

The Anfal genocide was a genocide that killed between 50,000 and 182,000 Kurds.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

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Aral Sea

The Aral Sea was an endorheic lake (one with no outflow) lying between Kazakhstan (Aktobe and Kyzylorda Regions) in the north and Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan autonomous region) in the south.

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Arjan Erkel

Peter-Arjan Erkel (born 9 March 1970 in Prins Alexander, Rotterdam) is a Dutch former medical aid worker who was head of the relief mission for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Dagestan, a constituent republic of Russia.

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Army of Republika Srpska

The Army of Republika Srpska (Војска Републике Српске/Vojska Republike Srpske; ВРС/VRS), commonly referred to in English as the Bosnian Serb Army (BSA), was the military of Republika Srpska (RS), the self-proclaimed Serb secessionist republic, a territory within the newly independent Bosnia and Herzegovina (formerly part of Yugoslavia), which it defied, active during the Bosnian War (1992–95).

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Athens

Athens (Αθήνα, Athína; Ἀθῆναι, Athênai) is the capital and largest city of Greece.

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Attacks on humanitarian workers

Humanitarian aid workers belonging to United Nations organisations, PVOs / NGOs or the Red Cross / Red Crescent have traditionally enjoyed both international legal protection, and de facto immunity from attack by belligerent parties.

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Badghis Province

Bādghīs (Pashto/بادغیس) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northwest of the country next to Turkmenistan.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city in Spain.

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Battle of Kunduz

The Battle of Kunduz took place from April to October 2015 for control of the city of Kunduz, located in northern Afghanistan, with Taliban fighters attempting to displace Afghan security forces.

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Beira, Mozambique

Beira is the third largest city in Mozambique.

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Bernard Kouchner

Bernard Kouchner (born 1 November 1939) is a French politician and physician.

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Biafra

Biafra, officially the Republic of Biafra, was a secessionist state in West Africa which existed from 30 May 1967 to January 1970; it was made up of the states in the Eastern Region of Nigeria.

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Biomedical waste

Biomedical waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials.

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Birth control

Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.

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Blockade

A blockade is an effort to cut off supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally.

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Bosniaks

The Bosniaks (Bošnjaci,; singular masculine: Bošnjak, feminine: Bošnjakinja) are a South Slavic nation and ethnic group inhabiting mainly the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Bosnian War

The Bosnian War was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995.

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BP-5 Compact Food

BP-5 Compact Food (also known as a BP-5 biscuit) is a high-calorie, vitamin fortified, compact, compressed and dry food, often used by relief agencies for the emergency feeding of refugees and internally displaced persons.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Bubonic plague

Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Bunia

Bunia is a city in the Ituri Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the headquarters of Ituri Interim Administration.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Children in the military

Children in the military are children (defined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child as persons under the age of 18) who are associated with military organisations, such as state armed forces and non-state armed groups.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Claude Malhuret

Claude Malhuret is the mayor of Vichy, France.

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Construction foreman

A construction foreman is the worker or tradesman who is in charge of a construction crew.

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Countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

This article lists the countries affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the resulting tsunami in alphabetical order – for detailed information about each country affected by the earthquake and tsunami, see their individual articles.

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Dagestan

The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.

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Darfur

Darfur (دار فور, Fur) is a region in western Sudan.

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Dehydration

In physiology, dehydration is a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes.

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Desensitization (psychology)

In psychology, desensitization is defined as the diminished emotional responsiveness to a negative, aversive or positive stimulus after repeated exposure to it.

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Developing country

A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

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Developmental psychology

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.

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Diarrhea

Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.

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Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

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Domestic violence

Domestic violence (also named domestic abuse or family violence) is violence or other abuse by one person against another in a domestic setting, such as in marriage or cohabitation.

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Drinking water

Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.

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Dysentery

Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.

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East Pakistan

East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.

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Ebola virus disease

Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.

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Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group

The Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) was a West African multilateral armed force established by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).

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Egil Tynæs

Egil Kristian Tynæs (born August 12, 1941 in Lillehammer), was a Norwegian anthroposophical doctor, senior physician at the Municipal Clinic in Bergen and a humanitarian aid worker.

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EHealth

eHealth (also written e-health) is a relatively recent healthcare practice supported by electronic processes and communication, dating back to at least 1999.

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Electrolyte

An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.

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Endemic (epidemiology)

In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic (from Greek ἐν en "in, within" and δῆμος demos "people") in a population when that infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external inputs.

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Engineers Without Borders

The term Engineers Without Borders (EWB) (Français: Ingénieurs sans frontières) is used by a number of non-governmental organizations in various countries to describe their activity based on engineering and oriented to international development work.

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Enriched flour

Enriched flour is flour with specific nutrients returned to it that have been lost while being prepared.

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Epidemiology of suicide

An estimated 1 million people worldwide die by suicide every year.

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Essential medicines

Essential medicines, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), are the medicines that "satisfy the priority health care needs of the population".

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F-100 and F-75 (foods)

F-100 and F-75 (also known as Formula 100 and Formula 75) are therapeutic milk products designed to treat severe malnutrition.

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First Congo War

The First Congo War (1996–1997) was a foreign invasion of Zaire led by Rwanda that replaced President Mobutu Sésé Seko with the rebel leader Laurent-Désiré Kabila.

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First Liberian Civil War

The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997.

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Freetown

Freetown is the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone.

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French Armed Forces

The French Armed Forces (Forces armées françaises) encompass the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, the National Guard and the Gendarmerie of the French Republic.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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German Doctors for Developing Countries

German Doctors e.V. is a humanitarian aid organization which operates in third world countries, especially in slums and rural areas.

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GlobalMedic

GlobalMedic is a non-sectarian humanitarian-aid non-governmental organization based in Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and the operational arm of the David McAntony Gibson Foundation (DMGF), a registered Canadian charity.

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Goma

Goma is the capital city of North Kivu province in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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Great Lakes refugee crisis

The Great Lakes refugee crisis is the common name for the situation beginning with the exodus in April 1994 of over two million Rwandans to neighboring countries of the Great Lakes region of Africa in the aftermath of the Rwandan genocide.

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Health care

Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings.

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History of Ivory Coast

The date of the first human presence in Ivory Coast (officially called Côte d'Ivoire) has been difficult to determine because human remains have not been well preserved in the country's humid climate.

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HIV/AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

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HIV/AIDS in Africa

HIV/AIDS is a major public health concern and cause of death in many parts of Africa.

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Human development (biology)

Human development is the process of growing to maturity.

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Humanitarian aid

Humanitarian aid is material and logistic assistance to people who need help.

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Humanitarian intervention

Humanitarian Intervention has been defined as a state's use of "military force (publicly stated that its use is for ending the violation of human rights) against another state."Marjanovic, Marko (2011-04-04), Mises Institute This definition may be too narrow as it precludes non-military forms of intervention such as humanitarian aid and international sanctions.

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Hurricane Fifi–Orlene

Hurricane Fifi (later Hurricane Orlene) was a catastrophic tropical cyclone that killed between 3,000 and 10,000 people in Honduras in September 1974, ranking it as the fourth deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record.

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Hurricane Jeanne

Hurricane Jeanne was the deadliest hurricane in the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season.

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Hygiene

Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health.

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Idlib District

Idlib District (manṭiqat Idlib) is a district of the Idlib Governorate in northwestern Syria.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Internally displaced person

An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders.

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International Committee of the Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.

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International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 17 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.

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James Orbinski

James Jude Orbinski, (born 1960 in England) is a Canadian physician, humanitarian activist, author and leading scholar in global health.

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Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir (ænd) is a state in northern India, often denoted by its acronym, J&K.

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Janjaweed

The Janjaweed (Arabic: جنجويد janjawīd; also transliterated Janjawid) (English: a man with a gun on a horse.") are a militia that operate in western Sudan and eastern Chad.

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Jean-Bertrand Aristide

Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 15 July 1953) is a former Haitian priest and politician who became Haiti's first democratically elected president.

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Joanne Liu

Joanne Liu, M.D., C.M. (born November 4, 1965) is a Canadian pediatric doctor, Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Montreal, Professor of Practice of Medicine at McGill University, and the current International President of Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF, or Doctors Without Borders).

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Jonglei State

Jonglei is a state of South Sudan.

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Kashmir conflict

The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict primarily between India and Pakistan, having started just after the partition of India in 1947.

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Khair Khāna

Khair Khāna (خير خانه) is a neighborhood in north west Kabul, Afghanistan, part of District 11.

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Khmer Rouge

The Khmer Rouge ("Red Khmers"; ខ្មែរក្រហម Khmer Kror-Horm) was the name popularly given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea and by extension to the regime through which the CPK ruled Cambodia between 1975 and 1979.

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Khmer Rouge Killing Fields

The Cambodian Killing Fields (វាលពិឃាត) are a number of sites in Cambodia where collectively more than a million people were killed and buried by the Khmer Rouge regime, during its rule of the country from 1975 to 1979, immediately after the end of the Cambodian Civil War (1970–1975).

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Kigali

Kigali is the capital and largest city of Rwanda.

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Kosovo War

No description.

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Kunduz hospital airstrike

On 3 October 2015, a United States Air Force AC-130U gunship attacked the Kunduz Trauma Centre operated by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), or Doctors Without Borders in the city of Kunduz, in the province of the same name in northern Afghanistan.

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Kurds

The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).

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Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition characterized by edema, and an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates.

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Lasker-Bloomberg Public Service Award

The Lasker-Bloomberg Public Service Award, known until 2009 as the Mary Woodard Lasker Public Service Award, is awarded by the Lasker Foundation to honor an individual or organization whose public service has profoundly enlarged the possibilities for medical research and the health sciences and their impact on the health of the public.

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Le Monde

Le Monde (The World) is a French daily afternoon newspaper founded by Hubert Beuve-Méry at the request of Charles de Gaulle (as Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic) on 19 December 1944, shortly after the Liberation of Paris, and published continuously since its first edition.

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Lebanese Civil War

The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.

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Libyan Civil War (2011)

The first Libyan Civil War, also referred to as the Libyan Revolution or 17 February Revolution, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government.

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List of organizations with consultative status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council

Consultative Status to the United Nations Economic and Social Council is the highest status granted by the United Nations to non-governmental organizations, thereby allowing them to participate in the work of the United Nations.

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Living in Emergency

Living in Emergency: Stories of Doctors Without Borders is a 2008 American documentary film directed by Mark N. Hopkins.

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Lord's Resistance Army

The Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), also known as the Lord's Resistance Movement, is a rebel group and heterodox Christian group which operates in northern Uganda, South Sudan, the Central African Republic, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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Luxembourg

Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe.

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Malakal

Malakal is a city and Latin Catholic bishopric in South Sudan and second largest city after the national capital Juba.

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Malaria

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.

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Malnutrition

Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the diet causes health problems.

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Management of dehydration

The management of dehydration typically involves the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS).

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Management of HIV/AIDS

The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs in an attempt to control HIV infection.

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Managua

Managua is the capital and largest city of Nicaragua, and the center of eponymous department.

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Manipur

Manipur is a state in Northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital.

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Marasmus

Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.

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Marburg virus disease

Marburg virus disease (MVD; formerly Marburg hemorrhagic fever) is a severe illness of humans and non-human primates caused by either of the two marburgviruses, Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV).

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Mark N. Hopkins

Mark N. Hopkins is an English-American filmmaker, best known for his award-winning film Living in Emergency.

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Médecins du Monde

Médecins du monde (MdM) or Doctors of the World, provides emergency and long-term medical care to the world's most vulnerable people.

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Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the measles virus.

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Medical journal

A medical journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal which communicates medical information to physicians and other health professionals.

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Meningitis

Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.

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Migrant Offshore Aid Station

The Migrant Offshore Aid Station (MOAS) is an international humanitarian organisation based in Malta dedicated to providing aid and emergency medical relief to refugees and migrants around the world.

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Monrovia

Monrovia is the capital city of the West African country of Liberia.

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Mortality rate

Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

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Mujahideen

Mujahideen (مجاهدين) is the plural form of mujahid (مجاهد), the term for one engaged in Jihad (literally, "holy war").

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Multi-National Force – Iraq

The Multi-National Force – Iraq (MNF–I), often referred to as the coalition forces, was a military command during the 2003 invasion of Iraq and much of the ensuing Iraq War, led by the United States of America (Operation Iraqi Freedom), United Kingdom (Operation TELIC), Australia, Spain and Poland, responsible for conducting and handling military operations.

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NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation's (NATO) military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) during the Kosovo War.

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Nigerian Armed Forces

The Nigerian Armed Forces are the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

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Nigerian Civil War

The Nigerian Civil War, commonly known as the Biafran War (6 July 1967 – 15 January 1970), was a war fought between the government of Nigeria and the secessionist state of Biafra.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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Non-governmental organization

Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus (p) or Ciscaucasia is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea on the west and the Caspian Sea on the east, within European Russia.

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North India

North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India.

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North Vietnam

North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, although it did not achieve widespread recognition until 1954.

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Novartis

Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland.

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Nursing Students Without Borders

Nursing Students Without Borders (NSWB) is an international, not-for-profit health care-related non-governmental organization created and led by nursing students in conjunction with relevant fields of science and humanitarian aid which focuses on improving living conditions where poverty exists both internationally and in the United States.

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Olivier Weber

Olivier Weber (born 1958) is an award-winning French writer, novelist and reporter at large, known primarily for his coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

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Opération Turquoise

Opération Turquoise was a French-led military operation in Rwanda in 1994 under the mandate of the United Nations.

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Operation Mare Nostrum

Operation Mare Nostrum was a year-long naval and air operation commenced by the Italian government on October 18, 2013, to tackle the increased immigration to Europe during the second half of 2013 and migratory ship wreckages off Lampedusa.

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Opportunistic infection

An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available, such as a host with a weakened immune system, an altered microbiota (such as a disrupted gut microbiota), or breached integumentary barriers.

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Oral rehydration therapy

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially that due to diarrhea.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Phantom limb

A phantom limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb is still attached.

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Pharmaceutical industry

The pharmaceutical industry (or medicine industry) is the commercial industry that discovers, develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceutical drugs for use as different types of medicine and medications.

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Plumpy'nut

Plumpy'Nut is a peanut-based paste in a plastic wrapper for treatment of severe acute malnutrition manufactured by Nutriset, a French company.

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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus.

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Population transfer

Population transfer or resettlement is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another, often a form of forced migration imposed by state policy or international authority and most frequently on the basis of ethnicity or religion but also due to economic development.

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Porridge

Porridge (also historically spelled porage, porrige, parritch) is a food commonly eaten as a breakfast cereal dish, made by boiling ground, crushed or chopped starchy plants—typically grain—in water or milk.

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Port-au-Prince

Port-au-Prince (Pòtoprens) is the capital and most populous city of Haiti.

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Protein–energy malnutrition

Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM) refers to a form of malnutrition which is defined as a range of pathological conditions arising from coincident lack of protein and/or energy in varying proportions.The condition vary in forms ranging from mild through moderate to severe degrees.

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Psychiatrist

A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders.

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Psychologist

A psychologist studies normal and abnormal mental states from cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments.

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Race (human categorization)

A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.

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Raymond Borel

Raymond Borel is a French doctor, editor of the medical journal TONUS and one of the founders of Médecins Sans Frontières.

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Refugee camp

A refugee camp is a temporary settlement built to receive refugees and people in refugee-like situations.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Reporters Without Borders

Reporters Without Borders (RWB), or Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press.

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Rony Brauman

Rony Brauman, born June 19, 1950, in Jerusalem, is a French physician specializing in tropical diseases.

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Rwandan genocide

The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, was a genocidal mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government.

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Sa'dah

Sa'dah (صعدة) is the capital city of Saada Governorate in north-western Yemen at an elevation of about 1,800 meters.

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San Salvador

San Salvador ("Holy Savior") is the capital and the most populous city of El Salvador and its eponymous department.

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Satellite Internet access

Satellite Internet access is Internet access provided through communications satellites.

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Satmed

Satmed (or SATMED) is a satellite-based eHealth communications platform, in particular for provision of eHealth to remote, resource-poor areas of emerging and developing countries.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen

No description.

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Secession

Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio) is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance.

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Second Chechen War

Second Chechen War (Втора́я чече́нская война́), also known as the Second Chechen Сampaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния), was an armed conflict on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, also with militants of various Islamist groups, fought from August 1999 to April 2009.

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Second Congo War

The Second Congo War (also known as the Great War of Africa or the Great African War, and sometimes referred to as the African World War) began in August 1998 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, little more than a year after the First Congo War, and involved some of the same issues.

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Second Liberian Civil War

The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when a rebel group backed by the government of neighbouring Guinea, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), emerged in northern Liberia.

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Second Sudanese Civil War

The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army.

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Seoul Peace Prize

The Seoul Peace Prize was established in 1990 as a biennial recognition with monetary award to commemorate the success of the 24th Summer Olympic Games held in Seoul, Korea, an event in which 160 nations from across the world took part, creating harmony and friendship.

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SES S.A.

SES S.A. is a communications satellite owner and operator providing video and data connectivity worldwide to broadcasters, content and internet service providers, mobile and fixed network operators, governments and institutions, with a mission to “connect, enable, and enrich”.

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Sewage treatment

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage.

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Sexually transmitted infection

Sexually transmitted infections (STI), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.

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Sierra Leone Civil War

The Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002) began on 23 March 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), intervened in Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow the Joseph Momoh government.

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Somali Civil War

The Somali Civil War (Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya, الحرب الأهلية الصومالية) is an ongoing civil war taking place in Somalia.

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Somalia

Somalia (Soomaaliya; aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South China Sea

The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around.

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South Sudan

South Sudan, officially known as the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa.

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South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN, Việt Nam Cộng Hòa), was a country that existed from 1955 to 1975 and comprised the southern half of what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Soviet–Afghan War

The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989.

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Speedrun

A speedrun is a play-through (or a recording thereof) of a video game performed with the intention of completing it as fast as possible.

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Srebrenica

Srebrenica is a town and municipality located in the easternmost part of Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Sri Lankan Civil War

The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka.

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Sterilization (microbiology)

Sterilization (or sterilisation) refers to any process that eliminates, removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life and other biological agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms, prions, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as Plasmodium, etc.) present in a specified region, such as a surface, a volume of fluid, medication, or in a compound such as biological culture media.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

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Substance abuse

Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.

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Sudan

The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.

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Survey methodology

A field of applied statistics of human research surveys, survey methodology studies the sampling of individual units from a population and associated techniques of survey data collection, such as questionnaire construction and methods for improving the number and accuracy of responses to surveys.

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Taliban treatment of women

While in power in Afghanistan, the Taliban became notorious internationally for their sexism, misogyny, and violence against women.

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Telemedicine

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication and information technology to provide clinical health care from a distance.

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Tetanus

Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is an infection characterized by muscle spasms.

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The Concord Review

The Concord Review: A Quarterly Review of Essays by Students of History is an academic journal dedicated to publishing the research papers of high school students.

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The New England Journal of Medicine

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.

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The Photographer (comics)

The Photographer: Into War-torn Afghanistan with Doctors Without Borders is a nonfiction graphic novel by Emmanuel Guibert, Didier Lefèvre, and Frederic Lemercier.

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Timeline of events in humanitarian relief and development

The following is a timeline of selected notable events in the history of humanitarian aid, international relief and development.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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United Nations Protection Force

The United Nations Protection Force (French: Force de Protection des Nations Unies; UNPROFOR, also known by its French acronym FORPRONU), was the first United Nations peacekeeping force in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars.

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Vaccination

Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.

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Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

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Venice Film Festival

The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival (Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia, "International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale") is the oldest film festival in the world and one of the "Big Three" film festivals, alongside the Cannes Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival.

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Vietnamese boat people

Vietnamese boat people (Thuyền nhân Việt Nam), also known simply as boat people, were refugees who fled Vietnam by boat and ship following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975.

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Visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, black fever, and Dumdum fever, is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and, without proper diagnosis and treatment, is associated with high fatality.

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Vladan Radoman

Vladan Radoman (1936, Novi Sad, Yougoslavia – 20 October 2015, Nice, France) was a Serbian physician and writer.

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War in Darfur

The War in Darfur is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan, that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population.

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War on Terror

The War on Terror, also known as the Global War on Terrorism, is an international military campaign that was launched by the United States government after the September 11 attacks in the United States in 2001.

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Waste management

Waste management or waste disposal are all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.

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Water chlorination

Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or hypochlorite to water.

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Water filter

A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process.

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Water purification

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from water.

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Water well

A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers.

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Waterborne diseases

Waterborne diseases are conditions caused by pathogenic micro-organisms that are transmitted in water.

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Whooping cough

Whooping cough (also known as pertussis or 100-day cough) is a highly contagious bacterial disease.

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Yellow fever

Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration.

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Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)

The Yemeni Civil War is an ongoing conflict that began in 2015 between two factions, each claiming to constitute the Yemeni government, along with their supporters and allies.

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Zaire

Zaire, officially the Republic of Zaire (République du Zaïre), was the name for the Democratic Republic of the Congo that existed between 1971 and 1997 in Central Africa.

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1970 Bhola cyclone

The 1970 Bhola cyclone was a devastating tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) and India's West Bengal on November 12, 1970.

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1972 Nicaragua earthquake

The 1972 Nicaragua earthquake occurred at 12:29:44 a.m. local time (06:29:44 UTC) on December 23 near Managua, the capital of Nicaragua.

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1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia

A widespread famine affected Ethiopia from 1983 to 1985.

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2010 Haiti earthquake

The 2010 Haiti earthquake (Séisme de 2010 à Haïti; Tranblemanntè 12 janvye 2010 nan peyi Ayiti) was a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne (Ouest), approximately west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital.

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Artsen Zonder Grenzen/Medecins Sans Frontieres, Artsen Zonder Grenzen/Médecins Sans Frontières, Arzte ohne Grenzen, Docters Without Borders, Doctors Without Borders, Doctors without Borders, Doctors without borders, Drs. Without Borders, Drs. Without borders, Drs. without Borders, Drs. without borders, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), Medecins Sans Frontiers, Medecins Sans Frontiers (MSF), Medecins sans Frontieres, Medecins sans frontieres, Medicin Sans Frontiers, Medicines Sans Frontiers, Medicins Sans Frontieres, Medicins Sans Frontiers, Medicins sans Frontieres, Medicins sans frontier, Medicos Sin Fronteras, Msf.org, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Médecins sans Frontières, Médecins sans frontières, Médicins Sans Frontières, Médicos Sin Fronteras, Ärzte ohne Grenzen.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Médecins_Sans_Frontières

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