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286 relations: A. J. John, Abraham Malpan, Acts of Thomas, Affusion, Ahatallah, Al-Mada'in, Alappuzha, Aleixo de Menezes, Alexandria, Alfred the Great, Altar, Ambrose, Amsterdam, Anglican Bishop of Travancore and Cochin, Anglican Communion, Anglicanism, Arabic, Aramaic language, Archdeacon, Assemblies of God, Assyrian Church of the East, Atlanta, Augustine Kandathil, Autocephaly, Avarna, Bangalore, Baptism, Baptismal font, Baptistery, Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II, Bema, Bicameralism, Birmingham, Brahmin, Byzantine Empire, Carmelites, Cash crop, Caste, Caste system in Kerala, Catholic Church, Catholicos, Chakyar koothu, Chaldean Catholic Church, Chaldean Syrian Church, Charismatic Movement, Chennai, Chicago, Choir, Choir (architecture), Christian, ..., Church Mission Society, Church of Antioch, Church of South India, Church of the East, Churches of Kerala, Churidar, Clean Monday, Cochin Jews, Coimbatore, Column, Communism in Kerala, Constitution of India, Coonan Cross Oath, Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Cosmas Indicopleustes, Crusades, Dallas, Damascus, Deepika (newspaper), Delhi, Detroit, Devaswom boards in Kerala, Divine Liturgy of Saint James, Duarte Barbosa, Dubai, Dutch India, Early Christianity, East India Company, East Syrian Rite, Eastern Catholic Churches, Edessa, Edmonton, Ephrem the Syrian, Ernakulam, Estate (land), Ethnic group, Ethnoreligious group, Eucharist, Europe, Eusebius, Exogamy, Ezharappallikal, Finance minister, Forward caste, Full communion, Galilee, Geevarghese Ivanios, George Joseph (Kerala), Goa, Gospel of Matthew, Government of India, Gregorios Abdal Jaleel, Gregory of Nazianzus, Heaven, Hebrew language, HighBeam Research, Hindu, Holy Qurbana, Holy See, Honorific, Houston, Hyderabad, Idukki district, Immersion baptism, India, India (ecclesiastical province), Indian independence movement, Indian Pentecostal Church of God, Indian Railways, Iran, Iraq, Ishoyahb III, Jacobite Syrian Christian Church, Jerome, Jews, John Mathai, Juhanon Mar Thoma, Kalaripayattu, Kathakali, Kathanar, Kerala, Kingdom of Cochin, Knanaya, Kodungallur, Kolkata, Kollam, Korban, Kothamangalam, Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church, North Paravur, Kottayam, Kozhencherry, Kozhikode, Kuwait, L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer, Last Supper, Latin Church, Latin liturgy, Laying on of hands, Lectern, Lent, List of Muslim states and dynasties, List of Saint Thomas Christians, List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch, Liturgy of Addai and Mari, London, Los Angeles, Lower house, Mahatma Gandhi, Malabar Independent Syrian Church, Malankara Church, Malankara Metropolitan, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Malayala Manorama, Malayalam, Malayali, Maliankara, Mangala sutra, Mangalore, Manna Full Gospel Churches, Mappila, Mar Thoma I, Mar Thoma Syrian Church, Maramon, Maramon Convention, Margamkali, Marthanda Varma, Mathews Mar Athanasius, Mattancherry, Maundy Thursday, Mavelikkara, Menorah (Temple), Metropolis (religious jurisdiction), Metropolitan bishop, Metropolitan Throne of Malankara See, Mumbai, Muziris, Mylapore, Nair, Nair Service Society, Nanzan University, Natural rubber, Nave, Neo-charismatic movement, Nestorianism, New Apostolic Church, New Jersey, New Life Fellowship Association, New York metropolitan area, Nilavilakku, Niranam, Oman, Ooty, Oriental Orthodoxy, Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam, Ottan Thullal, Padma Vibhushan, Padroado, Pakalomattom family, Palayoor, Palliveettil Mar Chandy, Pamba River, Pantaenus, Parichamuttukali, Pathanamthitta, Patriarch of Antioch, Patriarch of the East Indies, Patriarchs of the Church of the East, Pattanam, Pentecostalism, Pesaha Appam, Peshitta, Philadelphia, Pilaster, Pope Alexander VII, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, Portugal, Portuguese India, President's rule, Prester John, Princely state, Protestantism, Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II, Pune, Raja, Reconquista, Reformation, Reservation in India, Sacristy, Saint Thomas Christian cross, Saint Thomas Christian denominations, Saint Thomas Christians, Sanctuary, Sari, Sasanian Empire, Schism of 1552, Semitic languages, Sikha, Socioeconomic status, Spice trade, Sree Moolam Popular Assembly, Sri Lanka, St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode, St. Thomas Church, Angamoozhy, St. Thomas Evangelical Church, Suriyani Malayalam, Susan Bayly, Synod of Diamper, Syria, Syriac Christianity, Syriac language, Syriac Orthodox Church, Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, T. M. Varghese, Tampa, Florida, Temple Entry Proclamation, Thiruvalla, Thoma of Villarvattom, Thomas Mar Athanasius Metropolitan, Thomas of Cana, Thomas the Apostle, Thrissur, Timothy I (Nestorian patriarch), Tipu Sultan, Toronto, Travancore, Tribute, Untouchability, Upanayana, Vaikom Satyagraha, Varna (Hinduism), Vasco da Gama, Vestibule (architecture), Vimochana Samaram, West Syrian Rite, Yeshua. Expand index (236 more) »
A. J. John
A.
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Abraham Malpan
Palakunnathu Abraham Malpan (പാലകുന്നത്ത് അബ്രഹാം മൽപ്പാൻ), also known as Martin Luther of the East (30 May, 1796 – 9 September, 1845) was born in the ancient Syrian Christian Palakunnathu Family which practiced Knanaya West Syrian rite after the Coonan Cross Oath and is an Indian clergyman of the Malankara Syrian Church who translated and revised the liturgy, restoring the Church to what he considered to be its pristine position before the Synod of Diamper.
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Acts of Thomas
The early 3rd-century text called Acts of Thomas is one of the New Testament apocrypha.
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Affusion
Affusion (la. affusio) is a method of baptism where water is poured on the head of the person being baptized.
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Ahatallah
Ahatallah (1590 – c. 1655) was a Syrian clergyman chiefly known for his trip to India in 1652, on which he claimed to be the designated "Patriarch of the Whole of India and of China".
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Al-Mada'in
Al-Mada'in ("The Cities"; al-Madāʾin; Aramaic: Māhōzē or Mahuza) was an ancient metropolis which lay between the ancient royal centers of Ctesiphon and Seleucia.
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Alappuzha
Alappuzha, also known as Alleppey, is the administrative headquarters of Alappuzha District of Kerala state of southern India.
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Aleixo de Menezes
Archbishop Aleixo de Menezes or Alexeu de Jesu de Meneses (25 January 1559 – 3 May 1617) was Catholic Archbishop of Goa, Archbishop of Braga, Portugal, and Viceroy of Portugal during the Philippine Dynasty.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf counsel" or "wise elf"; 849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.
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Altar
An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices are made for religious purposes, and by extension the 'Holy table' of post-reformation Anglican churches.
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Ambrose
Aurelius Ambrosius (– 397), better known in English as Ambrose, was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century.
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.
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Anglican Bishop of Travancore and Cochin
During British period, CMS missionaries started a relationship with Saint Thomas Christians.
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Anglican Communion
The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion with 85 million members, founded in 1867 in London, England.
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Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Aramaic language
Aramaic (אַרָמָיָא Arāmāyā, ܐܪܡܝܐ, آرامية) is a language or group of languages belonging to the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic language family.
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Archdeacon
An archdeacon is a senior clergy position in the Syriac Orthodox Church, Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, St Thomas Christians, Eastern Orthodox churches and some other Christian denominations, above that of most clergy and below a bishop.
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Assemblies of God
The Assemblies of God (AG), officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is a group of over 140 autonomous but loosely associated national groupings of churches which together form the world's largest Pentecostal denomination.
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Assyrian Church of the East
The Assyrian Church of the East (ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܖ̈ܝܐ ʻĒdtā d-Madenḥā d-Ātorāyē), officially the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East (ʻEdtā Qaddīštā wa-Šlīḥāitā Qātolīqī d-Madenḥā d-Ātorāyē), is an Eastern Christian Church that follows the traditional christology and ecclesiology of the historical Church of the East.
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Atlanta
Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.
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Augustine Kandathil
Mar Augustine Kandathil (25 August 1874 – 10 January 1956) was the first and longest serving Metropolitan and Head of the Syro-Malabar Church, the principal Church of the Saint Thomas Christians in India.
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Autocephaly
Autocephaly (from αὐτοκεφαλία, meaning "property of being self-headed") is the status of a hierarchical Christian Church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop (used especially in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Independent Catholic churches).
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Avarna
Avarna in the Sanskrit language of India means one who does not have a varna.
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Bangalore
Bangalore, officially known as Bengaluru, is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka.
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Baptism
Baptism (from the Greek noun βάπτισμα baptisma; see below) is a Christian sacrament of admission and adoption, almost invariably with the use of water, into Christianity.
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Baptismal font
A baptismal font is an article of church furniture used for baptism.
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Baptistery
In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Old French baptisterie; Latin baptisterium; Greek βαπτιστήριον, 'bathing-place, baptistery', from βαπτίζειν, baptízein, 'to baptize') is the separate centrally planned structure surrounding the baptismal font.
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Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II
Moran Mor Baselios Mar Thoma Paulose II (ബസേലിയോസ് മാർത്തോമ പൗലോസ് ദ്വിതീയൻ) (born K. I. Paul on 30 August 1946) is the 9th reigning Catholicos and the Supreme Head of the Indian Orthodox Church.
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Bema
The bema, or bima, is an elevated platform used as an orator's podium in ancient Athens.
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Bicameralism
A bicameral legislature divides the legislators into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses.
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Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Brahmin
Brahmin (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण) is a varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers (acharya) and protectors of sacred learning across generations.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Carmelites
The Order of the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by synecdoche; Ordo Fratrum Beatissimæ Virginis Mariæ de Monte Carmelo) is a Roman Catholic religious order founded, probably in the 12th century, on Mount Carmel in the Crusader States, hence the name Carmelites.
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Cash crop
A cash crop or profit crop is an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit.
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Caste
Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.
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Caste system in Kerala
The caste system in Kerala differed from that found in the rest of India.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholicos
Catholicos, plural Catholicoi, is a title used for the head of certain churches in some Eastern Christian traditions.
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Chakyar koothu
Chakyar Koothu (Malayalam: ചാക്ക്യാർ കൂത്ത്)(pronounced) is a performance art from Kerala, South India.
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Chaldean Catholic Church
The Chaldean Catholic Church (ܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ, ʿīdtha kaldetha qāthuliqetha; Arabic: الكنيسة الكلدانية al-Kanīsa al-kaldāniyya; translation) is an Eastern Catholic particular church (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church, with the Chaldean Patriarchate having been originally formed out of the Church of the East in 1552.
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Chaldean Syrian Church
The Chaldean Syrian Church is an Indian Syriac Christian Church which is an archbishopric of the Assyrian Church of the East based in Iraq.
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Charismatic Movement
The Charismatic Movement is the international trend of historically mainstream Christian congregations adopting beliefs and practices similar to Pentecostalism.
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Chennai
Chennai (formerly known as Madras or) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
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Chicago
Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.
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Choir
A choir (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.
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Choir (architecture)
A choir, also sometimes called quire, is the area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and church choir.
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Christian
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Church Mission Society
The Church Mission Society (CMS), formerly in Britain and currently in Australia and New Zealand known as the Church Missionary Society, is a mission society working with the Anglican Communion and Protestant Christians around the world.
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Church of Antioch
The Church of Antioch (كنيسة أنطاكية) was one of the five major churches that composed the Christian Church before the East–West Schism.
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Church of South India
The Church of South India (CSI) is the second largest Christian church in India based on the population of members, and claims to be the largest Protestant denomination in the country.
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Church of the East
The Church of the East (ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ Ēdṯāʾ d-Maḏenḥā), also known as the Nestorian Church, was an Eastern Christian Church with independent hierarchy from the Nestorian Schism (431–544), while tracing its history to the late 1st century AD in Assyria, then the satrapy of Assuristan in the Parthian Empire.
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Churches of Kerala
Churches of Kerala follow the tradition of Syrian Christians known as Malankara Christian Orthodox Church.
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Churidar
Churidars, or more properly churidar pyjamas, are tightly fitting trousers worn by both men and women in the Indian subcontinent.
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Clean Monday
Clean Monday (Καθαρά Δευτέρα), also known as Pure Monday, Ash Monday, Monday of Lent or Green Monday, is the first day of Great Lent throughout Eastern Christianity and is a moveable feast, falling on the 7th Monday before Pascha.
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Cochin Jews
Cochin Jews, also called Malabar Jews, are the oldest group of Jews in India, with possible roots claimed to date to the time of King Solomon.
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Coimbatore
Coimbatore (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர்), also known as Kovai, is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
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Column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
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Communism in Kerala
Communism in Kerala refers to the strong presence of communist ideas in the Indian state of Kerala.
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Constitution of India
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.
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Coonan Cross Oath
The Coonan Cross Oath (Koonan Kurishu Satyam), taken on 3 January 1653, was a public avowal by members of the Saint Thomas Christian community of Kerala, India that they would not submit to Portuguese dominance in ecclesiastical and secular life.
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Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (Coptic: Ϯⲉⲕ̀ⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ̀ⲛⲣⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛⲟⲣⲑⲟⲇⲟⲝⲟⲥ, ti.eklyseya en.remenkimi en.orthodoxos, literally: the Egyptian Orthodox Church) is an Oriental Orthodox Christian church based in Egypt, Northeast Africa and the Middle East.
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Cosmas Indicopleustes
Cosmas Indicopleustes (Greek Κοσμᾶς Ἰνδικοπλεύστης, literally "Cosmas who sailed to India"; also known as Cosmas the Monk) was a Greek merchant and later hermit from Alexandria of Egypt.
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Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.
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Dallas
Dallas is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.
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Damascus
Damascus (دمشق, Syrian) is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic; it is also the country's largest city, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city.
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Deepika (newspaper)
Deepika, a Malayalam language newspaper, is one of the oldest newspapers published in India.
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Delhi
Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.
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Detroit
Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.
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Devaswom boards in Kerala
Devaswom (Sanskrit: Property of God) are socio-religious trusts in India that comprise members nominated by both government and community.
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Divine Liturgy of Saint James
The Liturgy of Saint James or Jacobite Liturgy is the oldest complete form of the Eastern varieties of the Divine Liturgy still in use among certain Christian Churches.
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Duarte Barbosa
Duarte Barbosa (c. 1480, Lisbon, Portugal1 May 1521, Philippines) was a Portuguese writer and officer from Portuguese India (between 1500 and 1516).
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Dubai
Dubai (دبي) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
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Dutch India
Dutch India consisted of the settlements and trading posts of the Dutch East India Company on the Indian subcontinent.
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Early Christianity
Early Christianity, defined as the period of Christianity preceding the First Council of Nicaea in 325, typically divides historically into the Apostolic Age and the Ante-Nicene Period (from the Apostolic Age until Nicea).
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East India Company
The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
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East Syrian Rite
The East Syrian Rite or East Syriac Rite, also called Assyrian Rite, Persian Rite, Chaldean Rite, or Syro-Oriental Rite is an Eastern Christian liturgical rite that uses East Syriac dialect as liturgical language.
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Eastern Catholic Churches
The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches, and in some historical cases Uniate Churches, are twenty-three Eastern Christian particular churches sui iuris in full communion with the Pope in Rome, as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Edessa
Edessa (Ἔδεσσα; الرها ar-Ruhā; Şanlıurfa; Riha) was a city in Upper Mesopotamia, founded on an earlier site by Seleucus I Nicator ca.
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Edmonton
Edmonton (Cree: Amiskwaciy Waskahikan; Blackfoot: Omahkoyis) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta.
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Ephrem the Syrian
Ephrem the Syrian (ܡܪܝ ܐܦܪܝܡ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ Mār Aprêm Sûryāyâ; Greek: Ἐφραίμ ὁ Σῦρος; Ephraem Syrus, also known as St. Ephraem (Ephrem, Ephraim); c. 306 – 373) was a Syriac Christian deacon and a prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and theologian of the 4th century.
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Ernakulam
Ernakulam refers to the eastern, mainland portion of the city of Kochi in central Kerala, India.
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Estate (land)
Historically, an estate comprises the houses, outbuildings, supporting farmland, and woods that surround the gardens and grounds of a very large property, such as a country house or mansion.
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.
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Ethnoreligious group
An ethnoreligious group (or ethno-religious group) is an ethnic group whose members are also unified by a common religious background.
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Eucharist
The Eucharist (also called Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper, among other names) is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches and an ordinance in others.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Eusebius
Eusebius of Caesarea (Εὐσέβιος τῆς Καισαρείας, Eusébios tés Kaisareías; 260/265 – 339/340), also known as Eusebius Pamphili (from the Εὐσέβιος τοῦ Παμϕίλου), was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima about 314 AD. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon and is regarded as an extremely learned Christian of his time. He wrote Demonstrations of the Gospel, Preparations for the Gospel, and On Discrepancies between the Gospels, studies of the Biblical text. As "Father of Church History" (not to be confused with the title of Church Father), he produced the Ecclesiastical History, On the Life of Pamphilus, the Chronicle and On the Martyrs. During the Council of Antiochia (325) he was excommunicated for subscribing to the heresy of Arius, and thus withdrawn during the First Council of Nicaea where he accepted that the Homoousion referred to the Logos. Never recognized as a Saint, he became counselor of Constantine the Great, and with the bishop of Nicomedia he continued to polemicize against Saint Athanasius of Alexandria, Church Fathers, since he was condemned in the First Council of Tyre in 335.
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Exogamy
Exogamy is a social arrangement where marriage is allowed only outside a social group.
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Ezharappallikal
Ezharappallikal or Seven and a half Churches are the seven Churches or Christian communities across the western coast of India founded by Thomas the Apostle in the first century.
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Finance minister
A finance minister is an executive or cabinet position in charge of one or more of government finances, economic policy and financial regulation.
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Forward caste
Forward caste (also known as Forward Class, Forward Community, and General Class) is a term used in India to denote groups of people who do not qualify for any of the affirmative action schemes operated by the government of India.
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Full communion
Full communion is a communion or relationship of full understanding among different Christian denominations that they share certain essential principles of Christian theology.
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Galilee
Galilee (הגליל, transliteration HaGalil); (الجليل, translit. al-Jalīl) is a region in northern Israel.
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Geevarghese Ivanios
Archbishop Aboon Geevarghese Mar Ivanios (born 21 September 1882 as Geevarghese Panickeruveetil - died 15 July 1953) was the first Metropolitan Archbishop of Trivandrum and the founder of the Malankara Syrian Catholic Church.
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George Joseph (Kerala)
George Joseph (5 June 1887 – 5 March 1938) was a lawyer and Indian independence activist.
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Goa
Goa is a state in India within the coastal region known as the Konkan, in Western India.
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Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew (translit; also called the Gospel of Matthew or simply, Matthew) is the first book of the New Testament and one of the three synoptic gospels.
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Government of India
The Government of India (IAST), often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic.
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Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
Mar Gregorios Abdal Jaleel Bawa (died 27 April 1681) was a Syriac Orthodox bishop of Jerusalem from 1664 until his death.
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Gregory of Nazianzus
Gregory of Nazianzus (Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός Grēgorios ho Nazianzēnos; c. 329Liturgy of the Hours Volume I, Proper of Saints, 2 January. – 25 January 390), also known as Gregory the Theologian or Gregory Nazianzen, was a 4th-century Archbishop of Constantinople, and theologian.
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Heaven
Heaven, or the heavens, is a common religious, cosmological, or transcendent place where beings such as gods, angels, spirits, saints, or venerated ancestors are said to originate, be enthroned, or live.
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Hebrew language
No description.
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HighBeam Research
HighBeam Research is a paid search engine and full text online archive owned by Gale, a subsidiary Cengage, for thousands of newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines, and encyclopedias in English.
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Hindu
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
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Holy Qurbana
The Holy Qurbana or Holy Qurbono (ܩܘܪܒܢܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ qûrbānâ qadîšâ in East Syriac, pronounced qurbono qadisho in West Syriac), the "Holy Offering" or "Holy Sacrifice", refers to the Eucharist as celebrated in Syriac Christianity.
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Holy See
The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.
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Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person.
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Houston
Houston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated 2017 population of 2.312 million within a land area of.
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Hyderabad
Hyderabad is the capital of the Indian state of Telangana and de jure capital of Andhra Pradesh.
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Idukki district
Idukki is one of the 14 districts of Kerala state, India, created on 26January 1972.
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Immersion baptism
Immersion baptism (also known as baptism by immersion or baptism by submersion) is a method of baptism that is distinguished from baptism by affusion (pouring) and by aspersion (sprinkling), sometimes without specifying whether the immersion is total or partial, but very commonly with the indication that the person baptized is immersed completely.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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India (ecclesiastical province)
India (Syriac: Beth Hindaye) was an ecclesiastical province of the Church of the East, at least nominally, from the seventh to the sixteenth century.
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Indian independence movement
The Indian independence movement encompassed activities and ideas aiming to end the East India Company rule (1757–1857) and the British Indian Empire (1857–1947) in the Indian subcontinent.
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Indian Pentecostal Church of God
The Indian Pentecostal Church of God (IPC) is the largest Pentecostal denomination in India.
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Indian Railways
Indian Railways (IR) is India's national railway system operated by the Ministry of Railways.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Iraq
Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.
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Ishoyahb III
Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 649 to 659.
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Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
The Jacobite Syrian Christian Church also known as the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church or the Syriac Orthodox Church of India, is an Oriental Orthodox Church based in the Indian state of Kerala, and is an integral branch of the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch.
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Jerome
Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; c. 27 March 347 – 30 September 420) was a priest, confessor, theologian, and historian.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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John Mathai
John Mathai CIE (1886-1959) was an economist who served as India's first Railway Minister and subsequently as India's Finance Minister, taking office shortly after the presentation of India's first Budget, in 1948.
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Juhanon Mar Thoma
Juhanon Mar Thoma Metropolitan (Mar Thoma XVIII) (7 August 1894 – 27 September 1976) was the Head of the Mar Thoma church from 1949–1976, who gave leadership to the church and at the same time actively participated in social and political arenas.
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Kalaripayattu
Kalaripayattu (pronounced Kalarippayatt) is a martial art and fighting system, which originated as a style in North Malabar, Kerala, Southern India.
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Kathakali
Kathakali (കഥകളി) is one of the major forms of classical Indian dance.
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Kathanar
Kathanar (കത്തനാർ) is an ancient Syrian Christian term in Malayalam that means priest.
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Kerala
Kerala is a state in South India on the Malabar Coast.
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Kingdom of Cochin
Kingdom of Cochin (also known as Perumpadappu Swaroopam, Mada-rajyam, or Kuru Swaroopam; Kocci or Perumpaṭappu) was a late medieval Hindu kingdom and later princely state on the Malabar Coast, South India.
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Knanaya
The Knanaya, also known as the Southists or Tekkumbhagar, are an endogamous group in the Saint Thomas Christian community of Kerala, India.
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Kodungallur
Kodungallur (anglicised name: Cranganore), is a municipality in the South Western border of Thrissur district of Kerala, India.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Kollam
Kollam or Quilon (Coulão), formerly Desinganadu, is an old seaport and city on the Laccadive Sea coast of the Indian state of Kerala.
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Korban
In Judaism, the korban (קָרְבָּן qārbān), also spelled qorban or corban, is any of a variety of sacrificial offerings described and commanded in the Torah.
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Kothamangalam
Kothamangalam is a Municipality in the eastern part of Ernakulam district in the Indian state of Kerala.
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Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Church, North Paravur
Kottakkavu Mar Thoma Syro-Malabar Pilgrim Church, North Paravur is a Syro-Malabar church established in 52 AD by St. Thomas, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ.
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Kottayam
Kottayam is a municipal town in the Indian state of Kerala.
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Kozhencherry
Kozhencherry is a census town in Pathanamthitta district of Central Travancore region (South Central Kerala) in Kerala state, South India.
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Kozhikode
Kozhikode, or Calicut, is a city in Kerala, India on the Malabar Coast.
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Kuwait
Kuwait (الكويت, or), officially the State of Kuwait (دولة الكويت), is a country in Western Asia.
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L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer
Diwan Bahadur Lakshminarayanapuram Krishna Ananthakrishna Iyer (1861–1937) was an anthropologist of British India, who is renowned for his work amongst the hill tribes of the western part of Madras province.
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Last Supper
The Last Supper is the final meal that, in the Gospel accounts, Jesus shared with his Apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion.
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Latin Church
The Latin Church, sometimes called the Western Church, is the largest particular church sui iuris in full communion with the Pope and the rest of the Catholic Church, tracing its history to the earliest days of Christianity.
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Latin liturgy
A Latin liturgy is a ceremony or ritual conducted in the Latin language.
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Laying on of hands
The laying on of hands is a religious ritual.
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Lectern
A lectern (from the Latin lectus, past participle of legere, "to read") is a reading desk, with a slanted top, usually placed on a stand or affixed to some other form of support, on which documents or books are placed as support for reading aloud, as in a scripture reading, lecture, or sermon.
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Lent
Lent (Latin: Quadragesima: Fortieth) is a solemn religious observance in the Christian liturgical calendar that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends approximately six weeks later, before Easter Sunday.
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List of Muslim states and dynasties
This article lists some of the states, empires, or dynasties that were ruled by a Muslim elite, or which were in some way central to or a part of a Muslim empire.
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List of Saint Thomas Christians
This is a list of prominent Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala.
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List of Syriac Orthodox Patriarchs of Antioch
The Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch is the head of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
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Liturgy of Addai and Mari
The Liturgy of Addai and Mari (or the Holy Qurbana of Mar Addai and Mar Mari) is the Divine Liturgy belonging to the East Syriac Rite, which is in regular use, even if in different versions, in the Assyrian Church of the East, the Ancient Church of the East, the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, and the Chaldean Catholic Church.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.
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Lower house
A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.
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Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.
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Malabar Independent Syrian Church
The Malabar Independent Syrian Church, also known as the Thozhiyur Church, is a Christian church centred in Kerala, India.
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Malankara Church
The Malankara Church is a church of the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India, with particular emphasis on the part of the community that joined Archdeacon Mar Thoma in swearing to resist the authority of the Portuguese Padroado in 1653.
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Malankara Metropolitan
Malankara Metropolitan was a legal title given to the head of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church (Malankara Sabha), by the Government of Travancore and Cochin in South India.
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Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, also known as the Indian Orthodox Church, is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church centered in the Indian state of Kerala.
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Malayala Manorama
Malayala Manorama is a morning newspaper, in Malayalam language, published from Kottayam, Kerala, India by Malayala Manorama Company Limited, Headed by Mammen Mathew.It was first published as a weekly on 22 March 1890, and currently has a readership of over 20 million (with a circulation base of over 2.1 million copies).
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Malayalam
Malayalam is a Dravidian language spoken across the Indian state of Kerala by the Malayali people and it is one of 22 scheduled languages of India.
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Malayali
The Malayali people or Keralite people (also spelt Malayalee, Malayalam script: മലയാളി and കേരളീയൻ) are an Indian ethnic group originating from the present-day state of Kerala, located in South India.
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Maliankara
Maliankara is a village in Paravur Taluk, Ernakulam district of Kerala.
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Mangala sutra
A mangala sutra is a necklace that the groom ties around the bride's neck in Indian and sub-Indian countries, in a ceremony called Mangalya Dharanam, which identifies her as a married woman.
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Mangalore
Mangalore, officially known as Mangaluru, is the chief port city of the Indian state of Karnataka.
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Manna Full Gospel Churches
Manna Full Gospel Churches is a Christian denomination in India.
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Mappila
Mappila, also known as a Mappila Muslim, formerly romanized as Moplah and historically as Jonaka Mappila, in general, is a member of the Muslim community of the same nameMiller, E. Roland.
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Mar Thoma I
Mar Thoma I, also known as "Valiya Mar Thoma" (Mar Thoma the Great), is the first native democratically elected/selected Metropolitan bishop of the St Thomas Christians or Malankara Church.
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Mar Thoma Syrian Church
The Mar Thoma Syrian Church, often shortened to Malankara Mar Thoma Church, is a Syriac Christian Church based in Kerala, India.
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Maramon
Maramon is a small town on the Pampa River, opposite to Kozhencherry town in the state of Kerala, India.
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Maramon Convention
The Maramon Convention, one of the largest Christian convention in Asia, is held at Maramon, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India annually during the month of February on the vast sand-bed of the Pampa River next to the Kozhencherry Bridge.
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Margamkali
Margamkali is an Indian group dance originating from Kerala, practiced by the Saint Thomas Christians who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.
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Marthanda Varma
Marthanda Varma (born Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma; 1705 – 7 July 1758) was ruler of the southern Indian state of Travancore from 1729 until his death in 1758.
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Mathews Mar Athanasius
Mathews Mar Athanasius (25 April 1818 – 16 July 1877) was the Metropolitan of the Malankara Syrian Church from 1852 until his death.
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Mattancherry
Mattancherry is a locality in the city of Kochi, India.
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Maundy Thursday
Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday, Covenant Thursday, Great and Holy Thursday, Sheer Thursday, and Thursday of Mysteries, among other names) is the Christian holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter.
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Mavelikkara
Mavelikara is a taluk and municipality in the Alappuzha district of the Indian state of Kerala.
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Menorah (Temple)
The menorah (מְנוֹרָה) is described in the Bible as the seven-lamp (six branches) ancient Hebrew lampstand made of pure gold and used in the portable sanctuary set up by Moses in the wilderness and later in the Temple in Jerusalem.
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Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)
A metropolis or metropolitan archdiocese is a see or city whose bishop is the metropolitan of a province.
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Metropolitan bishop
In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis (then more precisely called metropolitan archbishop); that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital.
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Metropolitan Throne of Malankara See
Metropolitan Throne of Malankara Christians or Marthoma Throne/ Throne of St.
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Mumbai
Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
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Muziris
Muziris (Muchiri, Muyirikode, Makotai, Mahodayapuram) was an ancient seaport and urban center on the Malabar Coast (modern-day Indian state of Kerala) that dates from at least the 1st century BC, if not before it.
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Mylapore
Mylapore is a cultural hub and neighborhood in the southern part of the city of Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nair
The Nair, also known as Nayar, are a group of Indian castes, described by anthropologist Kathleen Gough as "not a unitary group but a named category of castes".
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Nair Service Society
The Nair Service Society (NSS) is an organisation created for the social advancement and welfare of the Nair community that is found primarily in the state of Kerala in South India.
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Nanzan University
is a private, coeducational Catholic university located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan.
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Natural rubber
Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds, plus water.
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Nave
The nave is the central aisle of a basilica church, or the main body of a church (whether aisled or not) between its rear wall and the far end of its intersection with the transept at the chancel.
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Neo-charismatic movement
The Neo-charismatic (also third-wave charismatic or hypercharismatic) movement is a movement within evangelical protestant Christianity which places emphasis on the use of charismata (or spiritual gifts) such as glossolalia, prophecy, divine healing, and divine revelation, which are believed to be given to them by the Holy Spirit.
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Nestorianism
Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine that emphasizes a distinction between the human and divine natures of the divine person, Jesus.
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New Apostolic Church
The New Apostolic Church (NAC) is a chiliastic Christian church that split from the Catholic Apostolic Church during a 1863 schism in Hamburg, Germany.
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New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.
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New Life Fellowship Association
New Life Fellowship Association, commonly known as New Life Fellowship (NLF), is a group of neocharismatic, Evangelical, Christian Churches primarily located in India.
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New York metropolitan area
The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, is the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass, at 4,495 mi2 (11,642 km2).
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Nilavilakku
Nilavilakku is a traditional lamp used commonly in Kerala as well as in Tamil nadu.
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Niranam
Niranam is a census village in Tiruvalla, in Kerala, India.
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Oman
Oman (عمان), officially the Sultanate of Oman (سلطنة عُمان), is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia.
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Ooty
Udagamandalam (also known as Ootacamund), and abbreviated as Udhagai or Ooty, (is a town and municipality in Tamil Nadu, India. It is located 86 km north of Coimbatore and 128 km south of Mysore and is the capital of the Nilgiris district. It is a popular hill station located in the Nilgiri Hills. Originally occupied by the Toda people, the area came under the rule of the East India Company at the end of the 18th century. The economy is based on tourism and agriculture, along with the manufacture of medicines and photographic film. The town is connected by the Nilgiri ghat roads and Nilgiri Mountain Railway. Its natural environment attracts tourists and it is a popular summer destination. In 2011, the town had a population of 88,430.
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Oriental Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy is the fourth largest communion of Christian churches, with about 76 million members worldwide.
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Orthodox Theological Seminary, Kottayam
The Orthodox Theological Seminary also known as Old Seminary (Pazhaya Seminari) or M.D Seminary is a seminary of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church.
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Ottan Thullal
Ottan Thullal (or Ottamthullal, Malayalam:ഓട്ടന് തുള്ളല്) is a dance and poetic performance form of Kerala, India.
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Padma Vibhushan
The Padma Vibhushan is the second-highest civilian award of the Republic of India; Bharat Ratna is the highest, Padma Bhushan third-ranking.
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Padroado
The Padroado ("patronage") was an arrangement between the Holy See and the kingdom (and later republic) of Portugal, affirmed by a series of concordats, by which the Vatican delegated to the kings of Portugal the administration of the local Churches.
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Pakalomattom family
The Pakalomattam, Pakalomattum or Pakalomattom family or simply Palamattam family is an ancient Suriyani (Syrian) Christian family in Kerala, India.
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Palayoor
Palayoor is famous for its Christian church, St. Thomas Church which is founded by St. Thomas the Apostle in 52 AD.
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Palliveettil Mar Chandy
Palliveettil Chandy (latinised Alexander de Campo) is the first known person to be appointed in India as a Metropolitan from among the native Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala by the Roman Catholic Church.
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Pamba River
The Pamba River (also called Pampa river) is the third longest river in the South Indian state of Kerala after Periyar and Bharathappuzha and the longest river in the erstwhile princely state of Travancore.
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Pantaenus
Saint Pantaenus the Philosopher (Πάνταινος; died c. 200) was a Greek theologian and a significant figure in the Catechetical School of Alexandria from around AD 180.
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Parichamuttukali
Parichamuttukali is a martial dance form of Kerala practiced by Saint Thomas Christians (also known as Syrian Christians or Nasrani) who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle among Jews and natives in the 1st century.
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Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta is a town and a municipality situated in the Central Travancore region in the state of Kerala, south India, spread over an area of 23.50 km2.
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Patriarch of Antioch
Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the Bishop of Antioch.
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Patriarch of the East Indies
The Titular Patriarch of the East Indies (Patriarcha Indiarum Orientalium; Patriarchatus Indiarum Orientalium for Titular Patriarchate of the East Indies) in the Catholic hierarchy is the title of the Archbishop of Goa and Daman in India; another of his titles is the Primate of the East.
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Patriarchs of the Church of the East
Conventional lists of Patriarchs of the Church of the East include around 130 patriarchs.
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Pattanam
Pattanam (പട്ടണം) is a village located in the Periyar delta in Eranakulam district in the southern Indian state of Kerala.
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Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism or Classical Pentecostalism is a renewal movement"Spirit and Power: A 10-Country Survey of Pentecostals",.
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Pesaha Appam
Pesaha Appam is the unleavened Passover bread made by the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India to be served on Passover night.
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Peshitta
The Peshitta (ܦܫܝܛܬܐ) is the standard version of the Bible for churches in the Syriac tradition.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.
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Pilaster
The pilaster is an architectural element in classical architecture used to give the appearance of a supporting column and to articulate an extent of wall, with only an ornamental function.
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Pope Alexander VII
Pope Alexander VII (13 February 159922 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655 to his death in 1667.
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Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
The Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria is the leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, a faith with ancient Christian roots in Egypt.
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Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.
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Portuguese India
The State of India (Estado da Índia), also referred as the Portuguese State of India (Estado Português da Índia, EPI) or simply Portuguese India (Índia Portuguesa), was a state of the Portuguese Overseas Empire, founded six years after the discovery of a sea route between Portugal and the Indian Subcontinent to serve as the governing body of a string of Portuguese fortresses and colonies overseas.
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President's rule
In India, President's rule refers to suspension of state government and imposition of direct Central Government rule in a state.
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Prester John
Prester John (Presbyter Johannes) was a legendary Christian patriarch, presbyter (elder) and king who was popular in European chronicles and tradition from the 12th through the 17th centuries.
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Princely state
A princely state, also called native state (legally, under the British) or Indian state (for those states on the subcontinent), was a vassal state under a local or regional ruler in a subsidiary alliance with the British Raj.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II
Pulikkottil Joseph Mar Dionysious II (Mar Dionysious V) (12 November, 1833 – 11 July, 1909) the Malankara Metropolitan, was born into the family of Pulikkottil (Kunnamkulam), a famous and important family in the annals of the history of Malankara Syrian Church.
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Pune
Pune, formerly spelled Poona (1857–1978), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai.
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Raja
Raja (also spelled rajah, from Sanskrit राजन्), is a title for a monarch or princely ruler in South and Southeast Asia.
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Reconquista
The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is a name used to describe the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula of about 780 years between the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 711 and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492.
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Reformation
The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.
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Reservation in India
The system of reservation in India comprises a series of measures, such as reserving access to seats in the various legislatures, to government jobs, and to enrollment in higher educational institutions.
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Sacristy
A sacristy is a room for keeping vestments (such as the alb and chasuble) and other church furnishings, sacred vessels, and parish records.
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Saint Thomas Christian cross
Saint Thomas Christian crosses are ancient crosses that belonged to the ancient community of Saint Thomas Christians of India, who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of St Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.
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Saint Thomas Christian denominations
The Saint Thomas Christian denominations are traditional Christian denominations from Kerala, India, who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.
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Saint Thomas Christians
The Saint Thomas Christians, also called Syrian Christians of India, Nasrani or Malankara Nasrani or Nasrani Mappila, Nasraya and in more ancient times Essani (Essene) are an ethnoreligious community of Malayali Syriac Christians from Kerala, India, who trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.
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Sanctuary
A sanctuary, in its original meaning, is a sacred place, such as a shrine.
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Sari
A sari, saree, or shariThe name of the garment in various regional languages include:শাড়ি, साड़ी, ଶାଢୀ, ಸೀರೆ,, साडी, कापड, चीरे,, സാരി, साडी, सारी, ਸਾਰੀ, புடவை, చీర, ساڑى is a female garment from the Indian subcontinent that consists of a drape varying from five to nine yards (4.5 metres to 8 metres) in length and two to four feet (60 cm to 1.20 m) in breadth that is typically wrapped around the waist, with one end draped over the shoulder, baring the midriff.
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Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.
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Schism of 1552
The Schism of 1552 was an important event in the history of the Church of the East.
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Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family originating in the Middle East.
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Sikha
The sikha or shikha (शिखा; IAST: śikhā; "crest"; Hindi चोटी (choTi)) means flame, powerful, ray of light, peak of a mountain.
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Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.
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Spice trade
The spice trade refers to the trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe.
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Sree Moolam Popular Assembly
The Sree Moolam Popular Assembly in the erstwhile state of Travancore was the first popularly elected legislature in the history of India.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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St. Mary's Church, Thiruvithamcode
Thiruvithamcode Arappally ("Royal Church"; Tamil:திருவிதாங்கோடு அரப்பள்ளி; Malayalam:തിരുവിതാംകോട് അരപ്പള്ളി), or Thomayar Kovil or St.
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St. Thomas Church, Angamoozhy
Nilakkal St.Thomas Ecumenical Church is one among the Ezharappallikal (seven and a half churches) and an ecumenical church in Angamoozhy, Kerala, India.
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St. Thomas Evangelical Church
St.
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Suriyani Malayalam
Suriyani Malayalam (സുറിയാനി മലയാളം, ܣܘܼܝܲܢܝܼ ܡܲܠܲܝܵܠܲܡ), also known as Karshoni or Syriac Malayalam, is a dialect of Malayalam written in a variant form of Syriac script which was popular among the Saint Thomas Christians (also known as Syrian Christians or Nasranis) of Kerala in India.
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Susan Bayly
Susan Bayly is a Professor of Historical Anthropology in the Cambridge University Division of Social Anthropology and a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge.
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Synod of Diamper
The Synod of Diamper, held at Udayamperoor (called Diamper in non-vernacular sources), was a diocesan synod or council that laid down rules and regulations for the ancient Saint Thomas Christians of the Malabar Coast (modern Kerala state, India), formally uniting them with the Catholic Church.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Syriac Christianity
Syriac Christianity (ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ / mšiḥāiūṯā suryāiṯā) refers to Eastern Christian traditions that employs Syriac language in their liturgical rites.
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Syriac language
Syriac (ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ), also known as Syriac Aramaic or Classical Syriac, is a dialect of Middle Aramaic.
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Syriac Orthodox Church
The Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch (ʿĪṯo Suryoyṯo Trišaṯ Šubḥo; الكنيسة السريانية الأرثوذكسية), or Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, is an Oriental Orthodox Church with autocephalous patriarchate established in Antioch in 518, tracing its founding to St. Peter and St. Paul in the 1st century, according to its tradition.
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Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church (Aramaic/Syriac: ܥܸܕܬܵܐ ܩܵܬܘܿܠܝܼܩܝܼ ܕܡܲܠܲܒܵܪ ܣܘܼܪܝܵܝܵܐ Edta Qatholiqi D'Malabar Suryaya); (Malayalam: സുറിയാനി മലബാര് കത്തോലിക്ക സഭ Suriyani Malabar Katholika Sabha) or Church of Malabar Syrian Catholics is an Eastern Catholic Major Archiepiscopal Church based in Kerala, India.
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Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church also known as the Malankara Syrian Catholic Church (മലങ്കര സുറിയാനി കത്തോലിക്കാ സഭ) is an Eastern Catholic Major Archiepiscopal Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Pope.
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T. M. Varghese
T.
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Tampa, Florida
Tampa is a major city in, and the county seat of, Hillsborough County, Florida, United States.
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Temple Entry Proclamation
The Temple Entry Proclamation was issued by Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma in 1936 and abolished the ban on the so called 'low caste people' or avarnas from entering Hindu temples in the Princely State of Travancore, now part of Kerala, India.
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Thiruvalla
Thiruvalla is a town in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state of India.
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Thoma of Villarvattom
Thoma Villarvattom was a Nasrani King of Villarvattom, a vassal principality of the Kingdom of Cochin.
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Thomas Mar Athanasius Metropolitan
Palakkunathu Thomas Mar Athanasius Metropolitan aka Thomas Thirumeni (7 October 1836 – 10 August 1893) the first son of Abraham Malpan was born into the Palakunnathu family of Maramon.
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Thomas of Cana
Thomas of Cana is a figure in the history and traditions of the Saint Thomas Christian community of Kerala, India.
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Thomas the Apostle
Thomas the Apostle (תומאס הקדוש; ⲑⲱⲙⲁⲥ; ܬܐܘܡܐ ܫܠܝܚܐ Thoma Shliha; also called Didymus which means "the twin") was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, according to the New Testament.
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Thrissur
Thrissur (originally Thiru Siva Peroor and previously known by its anglicised form as Trichur), is the fourth largest city, the third largest urban agglomeration in Kerala (Pop. 1,854,783) and the 20th largest in India.
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Timothy I (Nestorian patriarch)
Timothy I, (ܛܝܡܬܐܘܣ ܩܕܡܝܐ;, c. 740 – 9 January 823, traditional date of birth 727/728) Patriarch of the Church of the East from 780 to 823, is widely considered to be one of the most impressive patriarchs in the long history of the Church of the East as well as a Father of the Church.
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Tipu Sultan
Tipu Sultan (born Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu, 20 November 1750 – 4 May 1799), also known as the Tipu Sahib, was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore.
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Toronto
Toronto is the capital city of the province of Ontario and the largest city in Canada by population, with 2,731,571 residents in 2016.
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Travancore
The Kingdom of Travancore was an Indian kingdom from 1729 until 1949.
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Tribute
A tribute (/ˈtrɪbjuːt/) (from Latin tributum, contribution) is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of respect or, as was often the case in historical contexts, of submission or allegiance.
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Untouchability
Untouchability is the practice of ostracising a group by segregating them from the mainstream by social custom or legal mandate.
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Upanayana
Upanayana (उपनयन) is one of the traditional saṃskāras (rites of passage) that marked the acceptance of a student by a guru (teacher) and an individual's entrance to a school in Hinduism.
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Vaikom Satyagraha
Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25) was a satyagraha (movement) in Travancore, India (now part of Kerala) against untouchability in Hindu society.
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Varna (Hinduism)
Varṇa (वर्णः) is a Sanskrit word which means type, order, colour or class.
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Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira (c. 1460s – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.
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Vestibule (architecture)
A vestibule is an anteroom (antechamber) or small foyer leading into a larger space, such as a lobby, entrance hall, passage, etc., for the purpose of waiting, withholding the larger space view, reducing heat loss, providing space for outwear, etc.
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Vimochana Samaram
The Vimochana Samaram (1958–59) (Liberation Struggle in Malayalam) was an anti-Communist backlash against the first elected state-government in Kerala, India, which was led by E. M. S. Namboodiripad of the Communist Party of India.
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West Syrian Rite
West Syrian Rite or West Syriac Rite, also called Syro-Antiochian Rite, is an Eastern Christian liturgical rite that uses West Syriac dialect as liturgical language.
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Yeshua
Yeshua (with vowel pointing – yēšūă‘ in Hebrew) was a common alternative form of the name ("Yehoshua" – Joshua) in later books of the Hebrew Bible and among Jews of the Second Temple period.
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Christian, Thomas, Christians of Saint Thomas, Christians of St. Thomas, Church of the East in India, Eastern churches of India, History of the Saint Thomas Christian tradition, History of the Saint Thomas Christians, Kerala Nasrani, Kerala Nasrani Christian, Malabar Church, Malabar Nasrani, Malabar Nasrani Christian, Malabar Nasranis, Malabarese Church, Malankara Christian, Malankara Christians, Malayalee Nasrani Christian, Malayalee Nasrani Christians, Malayali Nasrani Christian, Malayali Nasrani Christians, Malayali Syrian Christian, Mar Thoma Christian, Mar Thoma Christians, Mar Thoma Cross, Mar Thoma Nasrani, Mar Thoma cross, Mar Thoma weddings, MarThoma Nasrani, Marthoma Christian, Marthoma Christians, Marthoma cross, Nasarani, Nasraani, Nasranees, Nasrani, Nasrani (India), Nasrani Christian, Nasrani Christians, Nasrani Mapilla, Nasrani Mapillas, Nasrani Mappila, Nasrani Mappilas, Nasrani Mappilla, Nasrani Mappillas, Nasrani Patriarch, Nasrani Syrian Christian, Nasrani Wedding, Nasrani wedding, Nasranis, Nazarani, Nazranee people, Nazraney, Nazrani people, Northist, Northists, ST Thomas Christian, ST Thomas Christians, Saint Thomas Christian, Saint Thomas Christian Tradition, Saint Thomas Christian tradition, Saint Thomas Christianity, Saint Thomas Nasrani Christian, Saint Thomas Nasranis, Seven churches of saint thomas, St Thomas Christian, St Thomas Christians, St. Thomas Christian, St. Thomas Christians, StThomas Christian, StThomas Christians, Suriyani Christians of Kerala, Syriac Christians of Kerala, Syriac churches of Kerala, Syrian Christians of Kerala, Syrian Malabar Nasrani, Syrian Malabar Nasrani people, Syrian Malabar Nasranis, Syrian church in India, Syrian malabar, Thomas Christianity, Thomas Christians, Thomas Christians, Saint, Thomasian Christianity, Thomasian Christians, Thomasine Church, Thomasines, Thomasism.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians
