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National Institutes of Health

Index National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s. [1]

113 relations: Acetyl-CoA, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Associated Press, Baltimore, Bernadine Healy, Bethesda, Maryland, Biomedicine, Biosafety level, Biotechnology, Bipolar disorder, Bubonic plague, Cell culture, Center for Information Technology, Center for Scientific Review, Chester M. Southam, Clinical research, Clinical trial, Cytochrome P450, Donald S. Fredrickson, Earl Reece Stadtman, Elias Zerhouni, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Fatty acid metabolism, Fc receptor, Federal government of the United States, Federal Register, Fiscal year, Fox News, Francis Collins, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, Funding of science, Gene therapy, Genetics, Government shutdowns in the United States, Haemophilus influenzae, Hamilton, Montana, Harold E. Varmus, Harvard Medical School, Heads of International Research Organizations, HeLa, Hepatitis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Human Genome Project, Human papillomavirus infection, Item response theory, James A. Shannon, James Wyngaarden, John E. Fogarty International Center, ..., John F. Anderson (scientist), Joseph J. Kinyoun, Julius Axelrod, Lasker Award, List of institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health, Lithium, Maryland, Mercury poisoning, National Cancer Institute, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Center for Research Resources, National Eye Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health campus, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIH grant, NIH Intramural Research Program, NIH Public Access Policy, NIH Toolbox, Nobel Prize, North Carolina, Office of Management and Budget, Pentose phosphate pathway, Phoenix, Arizona, Postdoctoral researcher, Principal investigator, Public health, Public Health Service Act, PubMed Central, Ransdell Act, Research Triangle, Robert Q. Marston, Robert Stone (scientist), Rockville, Maryland, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Rolla Dyer, Small Business Innovation Research, The New England Journal of Medicine, The New York Times, Tooth decay, Tularemia, United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States National Library of Medicine, United States Public Health Service, Zika virus. Expand index (63 more) »

Acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.

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Bernadine Healy

Bernadine Patricia Healy (August 4, 1944 – August 6, 2011) was an American physician, cardiologist, academic, and first female National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director.

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Bethesda, Maryland

Bethesda is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, located just northwest of the U.S. capital of Washington, D.C. It takes its name from a local church, the Bethesda Meeting House (1820, rebuilt 1849), which in turn took its name from Jerusalem's Pool of Bethesda.

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Biomedicine

Biomedicine (i.e. medical biology) is a branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice.

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Biosafety level

A biosafety level is a set of biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed laboratory facility.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood.

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Bubonic plague

Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Cell culture

Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment.

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Center for Information Technology

The Center for Information Technology (CIT) is one of the 27 institutes and centers that compose the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), a cabinet-level department of the Executive Branch of the United States Federal Government.

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Center for Scientific Review

The Center for Scientific Review (CSR) is the portal for United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant applications and their review for scientific merit.

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Chester M. Southam

Chester M. Southam (October 4, 1919 – April 5, 2002) was an immunologist and oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Cornell University Medical College; he went to Thomas Jefferson University in 1971 and worked there until the end of his career.

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Clinical research

Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use.

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Clinical trial

Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.

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Cytochrome P450

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.

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Donald S. Fredrickson

Donald Sharp "Don" Fredrickson (August 8, 1924 – June 7, 2002) was an American medical researcher, principally of the lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and director of National Institutes of Health and subsequently the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

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Earl Reece Stadtman

Earl Reece Stadtman (1919–2008) was an American biochemist, notable for his research of enzymes and anaerobic bacteria.

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Elias Zerhouni

Elias Zerhouni (إلياس زرهوني; born April 12, 1951) is an Algerian-born American physician scientist radiologist and biomedical engineer.

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Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

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Fatty acid metabolism

Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules (triglycerides, phospholipids, second messengers, local hormones and ketone bodies).

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Fc receptor

An Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells – including, among others, B lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, human platelets, and mast cells – that contribute to the protective functions of the immune system.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Federal Register

The Federal Register (FR or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices.

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Fiscal year

A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is the period used by governments for accounting and budget purposes, which vary between countries.

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Fox News

Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.

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Francis Collins

Francis Sellers Collins (born April 14, 1950) is an American physician-geneticist who discovered the genes associated with a number of diseases and led the Human Genome Project.

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Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research

The Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research (FNLCR) is a United States Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) supported by the National Cancer Institute and managed by the private contractor Leidos Biomedical Research.

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Frederick, Maryland

Frederick is a city in, and the county seat of, Frederick County in the U.S. state of Maryland.

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Funding of science

Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both "hard" science and technology and social science.

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Gene therapy

In the medicine field, gene therapy (also called human gene transfer) is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Government shutdowns in the United States

In United States politics, a government shutdown occurs when Congress fails to pass or the President fails to sign appropriations: legislation funding federal government operations and agencies.

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Haemophilus influenzae

Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.

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Hamilton, Montana

Hamilton (Salish: čɫc̓lc̓lé) is a city in and the county seat of Ravalli County, Montana, United States.

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Harold E. Varmus

Harold Eliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel Prize-winning scientist and was the 14th Director of the National Cancer Institute, a post to which he was appointed by President Barack Obama, and before that was director of the National Institutes of Health from 1993 to 1999.

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Harvard Medical School

Harvard Medical School (HMS) is the graduate medical school of Harvard University.

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Heads of International Research Organizations

Heads of International Research Organizations (HIROs) is an organization composed of directors of International Research Organizations.

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HeLa

HeLa (also Hela or hela) is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research.

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Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.

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Hodgkin's lymphoma

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a type of lymphoma which is generally believed to result from white blood cells of the lymphocyte kind.

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Human chorionic gonadotropin

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation.

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Human Genome Project

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.

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Human papillomavirus infection

Human papillomavirus infection is an infection by human papillomavirus (HPV).

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Item response theory

In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT) (also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables.

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James A. Shannon

James Augustine Shannon (9 August 1904 – 20 May 1994) was an American nephrologist who served as director of National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1955-1968.

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James Wyngaarden

James Barnes Wyngaarden (born October 19, 1924) is a U.S. physician, researcher and academic administrator.

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John E. Fogarty International Center

On July 1, 1968 President Lyndon Johnson issued an Executive Order establishing the John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences at the National Institutes of Health.

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John F. Anderson (scientist)

John Fleetezelle Anderson (born March 14, 1873) was the third director of the United States Hygienic Laboratory, the precursor to the National Institutes of Health.

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Joseph J. Kinyoun

Joseph James Kinyoun MD (November 25, 1860 – February 14, 1919) was founder and first director 1887–1899 of the United States' Hygienic Laboratory, the predecessor of the National Institutes of Health.

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Julius Axelrod

Julius Axelrod (May 30, 1912 – December 29, 2004) was an American biochemist.

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Lasker Award

The Lasker Awards have been awarded annually since 1945 to living persons who have made major contributions to medical science or who have performed public service on behalf of medicine.

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List of institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research.

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Lithium

Lithium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol Li and atomic number 3.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.

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Mercury poisoning

Mercury poisoning is a type of metal poisoning due to mercury exposure.

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National Cancer Institute

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of eleven agencies that are part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) was established in 2012 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland.

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National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) is a United States government agency which explores complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

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National Center for Research Resources

The National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) was a center within the National Institutes of Health a United States government agency.

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National Eye Institute

The National Eye Institute (NEI) was established in 1968 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland.

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the third largest Institute of the National Institutes of Health, located in Bethesda, Maryland, United States.

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National Human Genome Research Institute

NHGRI began as the Office of Human Genome Research in The Office of the Director in 1988.

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is one of the 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

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National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) is one of the institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health, an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

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National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering

The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), founded at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2000, is located in Bethesda, Maryland.

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National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) is a branch of the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

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National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) is part of the United States National Institutes of Health, which in turn is part of the Department of Health and Human Services.

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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) conducts research into the effects of the environment on human disease, as one of the 27 institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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National Institute of General Medical Sciences

The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) supports basic research that increases understanding of biological processes and lays the foundation for advances in disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

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National Institute of Mental Health

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) is one of 27 institutes and centers that make up the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is a part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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National Institute of Nursing Research

The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), as part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, supports clinical and basic research to establish a scientific basis for the nursing care of individuals across the life span—from management of patients during illness and recovery, to the reduction of risks for disease and disability, and the promotion of healthy lifestyles.

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National Institute on Aging

The National Institute on Aging (NIA) is a division of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), located in Bethesda, Maryland.

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National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), as part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, supports and conducts biomedical and behavioral research on the causes, consequences, treatment, and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems.

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National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), a member of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, is mandated to conduct and support biomedical and behavioral research and research training in the normal and disordered processes of hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language.

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National Institute on Drug Abuse

The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is a United States federal-government research institute whose mission is to "lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction." The institute has conducted an in-depth study of addiction according to its biological, behavioral and social components.

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National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities

The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) is an American government health institute.

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National Institutes of Health campus

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus is located in Bethesda, Maryland.

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National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center is a hospital solely dedicated to clinical research at the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland.

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National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale

The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, or NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke.

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NIH grant

The National Institutes of Health awards grants to more than 300,000 researchers for research into a variety of conditions, through its 24 grant-awarding institutes and centers.

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NIH Intramural Research Program

The NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP) is the internal research program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), known for its synergistic approach to biomedical science.

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NIH Public Access Policy

The NIH Public Access Policy is an open access mandate, drafted in 2004 and mandated in 2008,National Institutes of Health,, available at https://publicaccess.nih.gov/comments.htm.

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NIH Toolbox

The NIH Toolbox® for the Assessment of Neurological and Behavioral Function® is a multidimensional set of brief royalty-free measures that researchers and clinicians can use to assess cognitive, sensory, motor and emotional function in people ages 3–85.

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Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Office of Management and Budget

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP).

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Pentose phosphate pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis.

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Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Postdoctoral researcher

A postdoctoral researcher or postdoc is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD).

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Principal investigator

A principal investigator (PI) is the holder of an independent grant administered by a university and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial.

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Public health

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals".

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Public Health Service Act

The Public Health Service Act is a United States federal law enacted in 1944.

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PubMed Central

PubMed Central (PMC) is a free digital repository that archives publicly accessible full-text scholarly articles that have been published within the biomedical and life sciences journal literature.

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Ransdell Act

The Ransdell Act (ch. 251,, codified as amended at), reorganized, expanded and redesignated the Laboratory of Hygiene (created in 1887) as the National Institute of Health.

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Research Triangle

The Research Triangle, commonly referred to as simply The Triangle, is a region in the Piedmont of North Carolina in the United States, anchored by three major research universities North Carolina State University, Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and the cities of Raleigh and Durham and the town of Chapel Hill.

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Robert Q. Marston

Robert Quarles Marston (February 12, 1923 – March 14, 1999) was an American physician, research scientist, governmental appointee and university administrator.

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Robert Stone (scientist)

Robert S. Stone (February 10, 1922 – October 20, 2016) was a professor and physician.

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Rockville, Maryland

Rockville is a city and the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, part of the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.

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Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), also known as blue disease, is the most lethal and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States.

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Rolla Dyer

Rolla Eugene Dyer (1886–1971) was an American physician born in Delaware County, Ohio.

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Small Business Innovation Research

The Small Business Innovation Research (or SBIR) program is a United States Government program, coordinated by the Small Business Administration, intended to help certain small businesses conduct research and development (R&D).

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The New England Journal of Medicine

The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) is a weekly medical journal published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Tooth decay

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.

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Tularemia

Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.

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United States Department of Health and Human Services

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), also known as the Health Department, is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services.

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United States National Library of Medicine

The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library.

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United States Public Health Service

The Public Health Service Act of 1944 structured the United States Public Health Service (PHS), founded in 1798, as the primary division of the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW; which was established in 1953), which later became the United States Department of Health and Human Services in 1979–1980 (when the Education agencies were separated into their own U.S. Department of Education).

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Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae.

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Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, N.I.H., NIH, NIH funding, NLM Gateway, National Insitutes of Health, National Institute for Health, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Health Publications, National Organization of Rare Disorders, National institutes of health, Natl. Institutes of Health, Nih, Nih.gov, Office of Legislative Policy and Analysis, The National Institutes Of Health, U.S. National Institutes of Health, US National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, United States National Institutes of Health.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health

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