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115 relations: Academy, AdSense, Alexa Internet, Anti-rival good, AOL, Apple Inc., Arun Sundararajan, Auction, Bandwagon effect, Bass diffusion model, Beckstrom's law, Bell System, Bell Telephone Company, Betamax, Bid–ask spread, Blog, Braess's paradox, Business, Business cluster, Business model, Busy signal, Chicago Board of Trade, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Commoditization, Competition, Critical mass (sociodynamics), Customer support, Demand, Dial tone, Disruptive innovation, Dot-com company, Early adopter, EBay, Economics, Economies of density, Economies of scale, Economies of scope, Embrace, extend, and extinguish, Employment, Ethernet, Eurex Exchange, Euronext, Exponential decay, Exponential growth, Externality, Facebook, First-mover advantage, Freemium, Futures exchange, Goods, ..., Google, Gratis versus libre, ICQ, Instant messaging, Intellectual property, Internet, Interoperability, IPhone, Israel, Load (computing), Market (economics), Market failure, Market liquidity, Market saturation, Market share, Metcalfe's law, Microsoft, Mirabilis (company), Monopoly, Monopsony, Negative feedback, Network congestion, Network economics, Oligopoly, Open format, Open standard, Open system (computing), Peer-to-peer, Porter's five forces analysis, Positive feedback, Production (economics), Productivity software, Profit (accounting), Property rights (economics), QWERTY, Reed's law, Returns to scale, Robert Metcalfe, Rod Beckstrom, Semantic Web, Service (economics), Skype, Social networking service, Software, Software developer, Standardization, Stock exchange, Supply-side economics, System dynamics, Telephone, The Telephone Cases, Theodore Newton Vail, Track gauge, Track gauge conversion, Traffic congestion, Transaction cost, Twitter, Two-sided market, Unfair competition, Value (economics), Vendor lock-in, Website, Word-of-mouth marketing, Yahoo!, 3Com. Expand index (65 more) »
Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership.
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AdSense
Google AdSense is a program run by Google that allows publishers in the Google Network of content sites to serve automatic text, image, video, or interactive media advertisements, that are targeted to site content and audience.
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Alexa Internet
Alexa Internet, Inc. is an American company based in California that provides commercial web traffic data and analytics.
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Anti-rival good
An anti-rival good is a neologism suggested by Steven Weber.
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AOL
AOL (formerly a company known as AOL Inc., originally known as America Online, and stylized as Aol.) is a web portal and online service provider based in New York.
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Apple Inc.
Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.
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Arun Sundararajan
Arun Sundararajan (Tamil: அருண் சுந்தர்ராஜன்) (born in the United Kingdom) is the NEC Faculty Fellow, Professor of Information, Operations and Management Sciences and a Doctoral Coordinator at the Stern School of Business, New York University.
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Auction
An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder.
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Bandwagon effect
The bandwagon effect is a phenomenon whereby the rate of uptake of beliefs, ideas, fads and trends increases the more that they have already been adopted by others.
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Bass diffusion model
The Bass Model or Bass Diffusion Model was developed by Frank Bass.
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Beckstrom's law
In economics, Beckstrom's law is a model or theorem formulated by Rod Beckstrom.
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Bell System
The Bell System was the system of companies, led by the Bell Telephone Company and later by AT&T, which provided telephone services to much of the United States and Canada from 1877 to 1984, at various times as a monopoly.
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Bell Telephone Company
The Bell Telephone Company, a common law joint stock company, was organized in Boston, Massachusetts on July 9, 1877, by Alexander Graham Bell's father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who also helped organize a sister company — the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company.
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Betamax
Betamax (also called Beta, as in its logo) is a consumer-level analog-recording and cassette format of magnetic tape for video.
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Bid–ask spread
The bid–ask spread (also bid–offer or bid/ask and buy/sell in the case of a market maker), is the difference between the prices quoted (either by a single market maker or in a limit order book) for an immediate sale (offer) and an immediate purchase (bid) for stocks, futures contracts, options, or currency pairs.
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Blog
A blog (a truncation of the expression "weblog") is a discussion or informational website published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries ("posts").
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Braess's paradox
Braess's paradox (often cited as Braess' paradox) is a proposed explanation for the situation where an alteration to a road network to improve traffic flow actually has the reverse effect and impedes traffic through it.
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Business
Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (goods and services).
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Business cluster
A business cluster is a geographic concentration of interconnected businesses, suppliers, and associated institutions in a particular field.
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Business model
A business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value,Business Model Generation, Alexander Osterwalder, Yves Pigneur, Alan Smith, and 470 practitioners from 45 countries, self-published, 2010 in economic, social, cultural or other contexts.
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Busy signal
A busy signal (or busy tone or engaged tone) in telephony is an audible or visual signal to the calling party that indicates failure to complete the requested connection of that particular telephone call.
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Chicago Board of Trade
The Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), established on April 3, 1848, is one of the world's oldest futures and options exchanges.
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Chicago Mercantile Exchange
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) (often called "the Chicago Merc", or "the Merc") is an American financial and commodity derivative exchange based in Chicago and located at 20 S. Wacker Drive.
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Commoditization
In business literature, commoditization is defined as the process by which goods that have economic value and are distinguishable in terms of attributes (uniqueness or brand) end up becoming simple commodities in the eyes of the market or consumers.
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Competition
Competition is, in general, a contest or rivalry between two or more entities, organisms, animals, individuals, economic groups or social groups, etc., for territory, a niche, for scarce resources, goods, for mates, for prestige, recognition, for awards, for group or social status, or for leadership and profit.
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Critical mass (sociodynamics)
In social dynamics, critical mass is a sufficient number of adopters of an innovation in a social system so that the rate of adoption becomes self-sustaining and creates further growth.
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Customer support
Customer support is a range of customer services to assist customers in making cost effective and correct use of a product.
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Demand
In economics, demand is the quantities of a commodity or a service that people are willing and able to buy at various prices, over a given period of time.
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Dial tone
A dial tone is a telephony signal sent by a telephone exchange or private branch exchange (PBX) to a terminating device, such as a telephone, when an off-hook condition is detected.
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Disruptive innovation
In business, a Disruptive innovation is an innovation that creates a new market and value network and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.
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Dot-com company
A dot-com company, or simply a dot-com (alternatively rendered dot.com, dot com or.com), is a company that does most of its business on the Internet, usually through a website that uses the popular top-level domain ".com".
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Early adopter
An early adopter (sometimes misspelled as early adapter or early adaptor) or lighthouse customer is an early customer of a given company, product, or technology.
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EBay
eBay Inc. is a multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website.
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Economics
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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Economies of density
In microeconomics, economies of density express cost savings resulting from spatial proximity of suppliers or providers.
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Economies of scale
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale.
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Economies of scope
Economies of scope are "efficiencies formed by variety, not volume" (the latter concept is "economies of scale").
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Embrace, extend, and extinguish
"Embrace, extend, and extinguish", also known as "Embrace, extend, and exterminate", is a phrase that the U.S. Department of Justice found was used internally by Microsoft to describe its strategy for entering product categories involving widely used standards, extending those standards with proprietary capabilities, and then using those differences to strongly disadvantage its competitors.
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Employment
Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually based on a contract where work is paid for, where one party, which may be a corporation, for profit, not-for-profit organization, co-operative or other entity is the employer and the other is the employee.
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Ethernet
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN).
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Eurex Exchange
Eurex Exchange is an international exchange which primarily offers trading in European based derivatives and it is the largest European futures and options market.
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Euronext
Euronext NV is a European stock exchange seated in Amsterdam, Brussels, London, Lisbon, Dublin and Paris.
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Exponential decay
A quantity is subject to exponential decay if it decreases at a rate proportional to its current value.
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Exponential growth
Exponential growth is exhibited when the rate of change—the change per instant or unit of time—of the value of a mathematical function is proportional to the function's current value, resulting in its value at any time being an exponential function of time, i.e., a function in which the time value is the exponent.
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Externality
In economics, an externality is the cost or benefit that affects a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit.
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Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.
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First-mover advantage
In marketing strategy, first-mover advantage (FMA) is the advantage gained by the initial ("first-moving") significant occupant of a market segment.
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Freemium
Freemium is a pricing strategy by which a product or service (typically a digital offering or an application such as software, media, games or web services) is provided free of charge, but money (premium) is charged for additional features, services, or virtual goods.
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Futures exchange
A futures exchange or futures market is a central financial exchange where people can trade standardized futures contracts; that is, a contract to buy specific quantities of a commodity or financial instrument at a specified price with delivery set at a specified time in the future.
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Goods
In economics, goods are materials that satisfy human wants and provide utility, for example, to a consumer making a purchase of a satisfying product.
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Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.
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Gratis versus libre
The English adjective free is commonly used in one of two meanings: "for free" (gratis) and "with little or no restriction" (libre).
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ICQ
ICQ is an instant messaging client that was first developed and popularized by the Israeli company Mirabilis in 1996.
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Instant messaging
Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet.
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Intellectual property
Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, and primarily encompasses copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
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Internet
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.
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Interoperability
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, at present or in the future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions.
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IPhone
iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone line of products use Apple's iOS mobile operating system software.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Load (computing)
In UNIX computing, the system load is a measure of the amount of computational work that a computer system performs.
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Market (economics)
A market is one of the many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange.
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Market failure
In economics, market failure is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient, often leading to a net social welfare loss.
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Market liquidity
In business, economics or investment, market liquidity is a market's feature whereby an individual or firm can quickly purchase or sell an asset without causing a drastic change in the asset's price.
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Market saturation
In economics, market saturation is a situation in which a product has become diffused (distributed) within a market; the actual level of saturation can depend on consumer purchasing power; as well as competition, prices, and technology.
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Market share
Market share is the percentage of a market (defined in terms of either units or revenue) accounted for by a specific entity.
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Metcalfe's law
Metcalfe's law states the effect of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system (n2).
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Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.
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Mirabilis (company)
Mirabilis is an Israeli company that developed the ICQ instant messaging program, a pioneer of online chatting that revolutionized communication over the Internet.
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Monopoly
A monopoly (from Greek μόνος mónos and πωλεῖν pōleîn) exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity.
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Monopsony
In economics, a monopsony (from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos) "single" + ὀψωνία (opsōnía) "purchase") is a market structure in which only one buyer interacts with many would-be sellers of a particular product.
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Negative feedback
Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.
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Network congestion
Network congestion in data networking and queueing theory is the reduced quality of service that occurs when a network node or link is carrying more data than it can handle.
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Network economics
Network economics refers to business economics that benefit from the network effect.
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Oligopoly
An oligopoly (from Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (olígos) "few" + πωλεῖν (polein) "to sell") is a market form wherein a market or industry is dominated by a small number of large sellers (oligopolists).
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Open format
An open format is a file format for storing digital data, defined by a published specification usually maintained by a standards organization, and which can be used and implemented by anyone.
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Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is publicly available and has various rights to use associated with it, and may also have various properties of how it was designed (e.g. open process).
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Open system (computing)
Open systems are computer systems that provide some combination of interoperability, portability, and open software standards.
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Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers.
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Porter's five forces analysis
Porter's Five Forces Framework is a tool for analyzing competition of a business.
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Positive feedback
Positive feedback is a process that occurs in a feedback loop in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation.
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Production (economics)
Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs (plans, know-how) in order to make something for consumption (the output).
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Productivity software
Productivity software (sometimes called personal productivity software or office productivity software) is application software dedicated to producing information, such as documents, presentations, worksheets, databases, charts, graphs, digital paintings, electronic music and digital video.
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Profit (accounting)
Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process (business).
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Property rights (economics)
Property rights are theoretical socially-enforced constructs in economics for determining how a resource or economic good is used and owned.
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QWERTY
QWERTY is a keyboard design for Latin-script alphabets.
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Reed's law
Reed's law is the assertion of David P. Reed that the utility of large networks, particularly social networks, can scale exponentially with the size of the network.
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Returns to scale
In economics, returns to scale and economies of scale are related but different terms that describe what happens as the scale of production increases in the long run, when all input levels including physical capital usage are variable (chosen by the firm).
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Robert Metcalfe
Robert Melancton Metcalfe (born April 7, 1946) is an electrical engineer from the United States who co-invented Ethernet, founded 3Com and formulated Metcalfe's Law.
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Rod Beckstrom
Rod Beckstrom (born February 1961) is an American author, high-tech entrepreneur, and former CEO and President of ICANN.
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Semantic Web
The Semantic Web is an extension of the World Wide Web through standards by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
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Service (economics)
In economics, a service is a transaction in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
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Skype
Skype is a telecommunications application software product that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, mobile devices, the Xbox One console, and smartwatches via the Internet and to regular telephones.
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Social networking service
A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is a web application that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.
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Software
Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.
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Software developer
A software developer is a person concerned with facets of the software development process, including the research, design, programming, and testing of computer software.
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Standardization
Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments Standardization can help to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality.
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Stock exchange
A stock exchange, securities exchange or bourse, is a facility where stock brokers and traders can buy and sell securities, such as shares of stock and bonds and other financial instruments.
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Supply-side economics
Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation.
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System dynamics
System dynamics (SD) is an approach to understanding the nonlinear behaviour of complex systems over time using stocks, flows, internal feedback loops, table functions and time delays.
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Telephone
A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.
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The Telephone Cases
The Telephone Cases were a series of U.S. court cases in the 1870s and 1880s related to the invention of the telephone, which culminated in the 1888 decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the priority of the patents belonging to Alexander Graham Bell.
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Theodore Newton Vail
Theodore Newton Vail (July 16, 1845 – April 16, 1920) was president of American Telephone & Telegraph between 1885 and 1889, and again from 1907 to 1919.
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Track gauge
In rail transport, track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails.
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Track gauge conversion
Gauge conversion is the change of one railway track gauge to another.
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Traffic congestion
Traffic congestion is a condition on transport networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing.
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Transaction cost
In economics and related disciplines, a transaction cost is a cost in making any economic trade when participating in a market.
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Twitter is an online news and social networking service on which users post and interact with messages known as "tweets".
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Two-sided market
Two-sided markets, also called two-sided networks, are economic platforms having two distinct user groups that provide each other with network benefits.
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Unfair competition
Unfair (or disloyal) competition in commercial law is a deceptive business practice that causes economic harm to other businesses or to consumers.
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Value (economics)
Economic value is a measure of the benefit provided by a good or service to an economic agent.
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Vendor lock-in
In economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock-in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products and services, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs.
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Website
A website is a collection of related web pages, including multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name, and published on at least one web server.
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Word-of-mouth marketing
Word-of-mouth marketing (WOMM, WOM marketing), also called word of mouth advertising, differs from naturally occurring word of mouth, in that it is actively influenced or encouraged by organizations (e.g. 'seeding' a message in a networks rewarding regular consumers to engage in WOM, employing WOM 'agents').
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Yahoo!
Yahoo! is a web services provider headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and wholly owned by Verizon Communications through Oath Inc..
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3Com
3Com Corporation was a digital electronics manufacturer best known for its computer network products.
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Demand-side economies of scale, Group effect, Group externality, Law of Increasing Returns, Network effects, Network effects business model, Network effects theory, Network externalities, Network externality, Network goods, Network monopoly.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_effect
