141 relations: Alluvial fan, Alphons Stübel, Ambalema, Andean Volcanic Belt, Andes, Andesite, Araceae, Armero, Armero tragedy, Asteraceae, Augusto Gansser-Biaggi, BBC, Bearded helmetcrest, Bogotá, Calcium, Caldas Department, Caldera, Carbon dioxide, Cauca River, Cerro Machín, Channel (geography), Charles Schnetzler, Chinchiná, Caldas, Chloride, Civil defense, CNN, Colombia, Cordillera Central (Colombia), Dacite, Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project, Deformation (engineering), Degasification, Departments of Colombia, El Dorado International Airport, Espeletia, Fabaceae, Fault (geology), Foothills, Fox News, Fumarole, Galeras, Glacier, Global Volcanism Program, Hazard map, Headwall, Herveo, Herveo plump toad, Holocene, Honda, Tolima, Indigenous peoples in Colombia, ..., La Dorada, Caldas, Lahar, Lake Otún, Landslide, Lapilli, Last Glacial Maximum, Lauraceae, Lava, Lava dome, List of volcanic eruptions by death toll, List of volcanoes by elevation, List of volcanoes in Colombia, Little Ice Age, Los Nevados National Natural Park, Magdalena River, Magma, Magnesium, Mariquita, Tolima, Melastomataceae, Meltwater, Mesa, Mesic habitat, Moraceae, Mount Pelée, Mount St. Helens, Mountain tapir, Mudflow, Myr, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nature (journal), Nazca Plate, Nevado del Huila, Nevado del Quindío, Nevado del Tolima, Nevado El Cisne, Orbital inclination, Orchidaceae, Páramo, Phreatic eruption, Piperaceae, Pleistocene, Plinian eruption, Pliocene, Poaceae, Polypodiaceae, Potassium, Pre-Columbian era, Prediction of volcanic activity, Pumice, Pyroclastic flow, Pyroclastic rock, Radiocarbon dating, Recorded history, Retreat of glaciers since 1850, Ring of Fire, Rubiaceae, Rufous-fronted parakeet, Salgar, San Diego State University, Santa Isabel (volcano), Science (journal), South American Plate, Spectacled bear, Stratovolcano, Stratum, Subduction, Sulfate, Sulfur, Sulfur dioxide, Surface runoff, Tephra, Tephrochronology, The New York Times, Thermodynamics, Threatened species, Tiltmeter, Tolima Department, Tonne, Tornillo event, Tragedy (event), Tree line, Ultra-prominent peak, United States Geological Survey, Villahermosa, Tolima, Volcanic ash, Volcanic bomb, Volcanic cone, Volcanic Explosivity Index, Volcanologist, Water supply, Wilhelm Reiss. Expand index (91 more) »
Alluvial fan
An alluvial fan is a fan- or cone-shaped deposit of sediment crossed and built up by streams.
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Alphons Stübel
Moritz Alphons Stübel (26 July 1835 – 10 November 1904) was a German geologist and vulcanologist who was a native of Leipzig.
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Ambalema
Ambalema is a municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia.
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Andean Volcanic Belt
The Andean Volcanic Belt is a major volcanic belt along the Andean cordillera in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
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Andes
The Andes or Andean Mountains (Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world.
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Andesite
Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.
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Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix.
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Armero
Armero, or Armero-Guayabal, is a municipality in the Tolima Department, Colombia.
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Armero tragedy
The Armero tragedy (Tragedia de Armero) was one of the major consequences of the eruption of the Nevado del Ruiz stratovolcano in Tolima, Colombia, on November 13, 1985.
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Asteraceae
Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite,Great Basin Wildflowers, Laird R. Blackwell, 2006, p. 275 or sunflower family) is a very large and widespread family of flowering plants (Angiospermae).
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Augusto Gansser-Biaggi
Augusto Gansser-Biaggi (28 October 1910 – 9 January 2012) was a Swiss geologist who specialised in the geology of the Himalayas.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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Bearded helmetcrest
The bearded helmetcrests (Oxypogon) are a genus of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae.
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Bogotá
Bogotá, officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Caldas Department
Caldas is a department of Colombia named after Colombian patriotic figure Francisco José de Caldas.
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Caldera
A caldera is a large cauldron-like depression that forms following the evacuation of a magma chamber/reservoir.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Cauca River
The Cauca River is a river in Colombia that lies between the Occidental and Central cordilleras.
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Cerro Machín
Cerro Machín is a stratovolcano located in Tolima Department, Colombia.
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Channel (geography)
In physical geography, a channel is a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, most commonly the confine of a river, river delta or strait.
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Charles Schnetzler
Charles Carter Schnetzler (June 3, 1930 – December 15, 2009) was a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
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Chinchiná, Caldas
Chinchiná (estimated population 84,000) is a municipality located in the department of Caldas in Colombia, southwest of Manizales.
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Chloride
The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl−.
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Civil defense
Civil defense or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state (generally non-combatants) from military attacks and natural disasters.
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CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.
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Cordillera Central (Colombia)
The Cordillera Central (Central Andes) is the highest of the three branches of the Colombian Andes.
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Dacite
Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock.
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Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project
Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) project is an initiative to unite scientists around the world to make tangible advances towards quantifying the amount of carbon outgassed from the Earth’s deep interior (core, mantle, crust) into the surface environment (e.g. biosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere) through naturally occurring processes.
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Deformation (engineering)
In materials science, deformation refers to any changes in the shape or size of an object due to-.
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Degasification
Degasification is the removal of dissolved gases from liquids, especially water or aqueous solutions.
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Departments of Colombia
Colombia is a unitary republic made up of thirty-two departments (Spanish: departamentos, sing. departamento) and a Capital District (Distrito Capital).
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El Dorado International Airport
El Dorado International Airport is an international airport serving Bogotá, Colombia and its surrounding areas.
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Espeletia
Espeletia, commonly known as 'frailejones', is a genus of perennial subshrubs, in the sunflower family.
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Fabaceae
The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, Article 18.5 states: "The following names, of long usage, are treated as validly published:....Leguminosae (nom. alt.: Fabaceae; type: Faba Mill.);...
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Fault (geology)
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movement.
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Foothills
Foothills are geographically defined as gradual increase in elevation at the base of a mountain range, higher hill range or an upland area.
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Fox News
Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.
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Fumarole
A fumarole (or fumerole – the word ultimately comes from the Latin fumus, "smoke") is an opening in a planet's crust, often in areas surrounding volcanoes, which emits steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen sulfide.
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Galeras
Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nariño, near the departmental capital Pasto.
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Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.
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Global Volcanism Program
The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) documents Earth's volcanoes and their eruptive history over the past 10,000 years.
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Hazard map
A hazard map is a Map that highlights areas that are affected by or vulnerable to a particular hazard.
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Headwall
In physical geography and geology the headwall of a glacial cirque is its highest cliff.
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Herveo
Herveo is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia.
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Herveo plump toad
The Herveo plump toad (Osornophryne percrassa) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.
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Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch.
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Honda, Tolima
Honda is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia.
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Indigenous peoples in Colombia
Indigenous peoples of Colombia, or Native Colombians, are the ethnic groups who have been in Colombia prior to the Europeans in the early 16th century.
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La Dorada, Caldas
La Dorada is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Caldas.
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Lahar
A lahar (from wlahar) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.
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Lake Otún
Lake Otún (Laguna del Otún) is a small lake in the Nevados National Park, in the Risaralda department of Colombia.
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Landslide
The term landslide or, less frequently, landslip, refers to several forms of mass wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows and debris flows.
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Lapilli
Lapilli is a size classification term for tephra, which is material that falls out of the air during a volcanic eruption or during some meteorite impacts.
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Last Glacial Maximum
In the Earth's climate history the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the last time period during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension.
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Lauraceae
Lauraceae are the laurel family, that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives.
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Lava
Lava is molten rock generated by geothermal energy and expelled through fractures in planetary crust or in an eruption, usually at temperatures from.
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Lava dome
In volcanology, a lava dome or volcanic dome is a roughly circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.
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List of volcanic eruptions by death toll
Volcanic eruptions can be highly explosive, volatile, or neither.
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List of volcanoes by elevation
A list (incomplete) of volcanoes on Earth arranged by elevation in metres above sea level.
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List of volcanoes in Colombia
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Colombia.
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Little Ice Age
The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period.
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Los Nevados National Natural Park
Los Nevados National Natural Park (Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados) is a national park located in the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes.
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Magdalena River
The Magdalena River (Río Magdalena,; Less commonly Rio Grande de la Magdalena) is the principal river of Colombia, flowing northward about through the western half of the country.
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Magma
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Mariquita, Tolima
San Sebastian de Mariquita is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia, about northwest of Bogotá.
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Melastomataceae
The family Melastomataceae (alternatively Melastomaceae) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics (two thirds of the genera are from the New World tropics) comprising c. 165 genera and c. 5115 known species.
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Meltwater
Meltwater is water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans.
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Mesa
Mesa (Spanish and Portuguese for table) is the American English term for tableland, an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.
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Mesic habitat
In ecology, a mesic habitat is a type of habitat with a moderate or well-balanced supply of moisture, e.g., a mesic forest, a temperate hardwood forest, or dry-mesic prairie.
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Moraceae
The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species.
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Mount Pelée
Mount Pelée (pronounced; Montagne Pelée meaning "bald mountain" or "peeled" mountain") is an active volcano at the northern end of Martinique, an island and French overseas department in the Lesser Antilles island arc of the Caribbean.
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Mount St. Helens
Mount St.
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Mountain tapir
The mountain tapir or woolly tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) is the second-smallest of the five species of tapir, only the recently described Tapirus kabomani being smaller, and is the only one to live outside of tropical rainforests in the wild.
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Mudflow
A mudflow or mud flow is a form of mass wasting involving "very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow" of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to the source material.
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Myr
The abbreviation myr, "million years", is a unit of a quantity of (i.e.) years, or 31.6 teraseconds.
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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Nazca Plate
The Nazca Plate, named after the Nazca region of southern Peru, is an oceanic tectonic plate in the eastern Pacific Ocean basin off the west coast of South America.
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Nevado del Huila
Nevado del Huila at, is the highest volcano in Colombia, located at the tripoint of the departments of Huila, Tolima and Cauca.
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Nevado del Quindío
The Nevado del Quindío is an inactive volcano located in the Central Cordillera of the Andes in central Colombia.
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Nevado del Tolima
Nevado del Tolima is a stratovolcano located in Tolima, Colombia, south of Nevado del Ruiz volcano.
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Nevado El Cisne
The Nevado El Cisne (The Snowy Swan) is a volcano in the Central Ranges of the Andes in Colombia.
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Orbital inclination
Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body.
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Orchidaceae
The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family.
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Páramo
Páramo can refer to a variety of alpine tundra ecosystems.
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Phreatic eruption
A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground or surface water.
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Piperaceae
The Piperaceae, also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants.
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Pleistocene
The Pleistocene (often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations.
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Plinian eruption
Plinian eruptions or Vesuvian eruptions are volcanic eruptions marked by their similarity to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which destroyed the ancient Roman cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii.
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Pliocene
The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.
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Poaceae
Poaceae or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants known as grasses, commonly referred to collectively as grass.
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Polypodiaceae
Polypodiaceae is a family of polypod ferns, which includes more than 60 genera divided into several tribes and containing around 1,000 species.
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Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
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Pre-Columbian era
The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.
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Prediction of volcanic activity
Prediction of volcanic eruption (also: volcanic eruption forecasting) is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption.
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Pumice
Pumice, called pumicite in its powdered or dust form, is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals.
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Pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that moves away from a volcano reaching speeds of up to.
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Pyroclastic rock
Pyroclastic rocks or pyroclastics (derived from the πῦρ, meaning fire; and κλαστός, meaning broken) are clastic rocks composed solely or primarily of volcanic materials.
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Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
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Recorded history
Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication.
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Retreat of glaciers since 1850
The retreat of glaciers since 1850 affects the availability of fresh water for irrigation and domestic use, mountain recreation, animals and plants that depend on glacier-melt, and, in the longer term, the level of the oceans.
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Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
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Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family.
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Rufous-fronted parakeet
The rufous-fronted parakeet (Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons) is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae.
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Salgar
For people with the surname, see Salgar (surname). Salgar is a town and municipality in the Colombian department of Antioquia.
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San Diego State University
San Diego State University (SDSU) is a public research university in San Diego, California, and is the largest and oldest higher education institution in San Diego County.
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Santa Isabel (volcano)
Santa Isabel (Nevado de Santa Isabel) is a shield volcano located in Tolima, Colombia, southwest of Nevado del Ruiz volcano.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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South American Plate
The South American Plate is a tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America and also a sizeable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed extending eastward to the African Plate creating the Mid-Atlantic Ridge The easterly side is a divergent boundary with the African Plate forming the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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Spectacled bear
The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the Andean bear or Andean short-faced bear and locally as jukumari (Aymara), ukumari (Quechua) or ukuku, is the last remaining short-faced bear (subfamily Tremarctinae).
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Stratovolcano
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice and ash.
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Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that were formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.
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Subduction
Subduction is a geological process that takes place at convergent boundaries of tectonic plates where one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into the mantle.
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Sulfate
The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.
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Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.
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Surface runoff
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the Earth's surface.
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Tephra
Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.
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Tephrochronology
Tephra horizons in south-central Iceland. The thick and light coloured layer at the height of the volcanologist's hands is rhyolitic tephra from Hekla. Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.
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Threatened species
Threatened species are any species (including animals, plants, fungi, etc.) which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future.
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Tiltmeter
A tiltmeter is a sensitive inclinometer designed to measure very small changes from the vertical level, either on the ground or in structures.
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Tolima Department
Tolima is one of the 32 departments of Colombia, located in the Andean region, in the center-west of the country.
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Tonne
The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.
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Tornillo event
A tornillo event is a low-frequency seismic event associated with volcanoes.
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Tragedy (event)
A tragedy is an event of great loss, usually of human life.
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Tree line
The tree line is the edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing.
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Ultra-prominent peak
An ultra-prominent peak, or Ultra for short, is defined as a mountain summit with a topographic prominence of or more.
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United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.
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Villahermosa, Tolima
Villahermosa is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia.
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Volcanic ash
Volcanic ash consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter.
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Volcanic bomb
A volcanic bomb is a mass of molten rock (tephra) larger than 64 mm (2.5 inches) in diameter, formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption.
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Volcanic cone
Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms.
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Volcanic Explosivity Index
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions.
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Volcanologist
A volcanologist or vulcanologist is a geologist who studies the processes involved in the formation and eruptive activity of volcanoes and their current and historic eruptions, known as volcanology.
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Water supply
Water supply is the provision of water by public utilities commercial organisations, community endeavors or by individuals, usually via a system of pumps and pipes.
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Wilhelm Reiss
Wilhelm Reiss (13 June 1838 – 29 September 1908) was a German geologist and explorer born in Mannheim.
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Redirects here:
Kumanday, Mount Ruiz, Nevado Del Ruiz, Nevado del ruiz, Ruiz Volcano, Ruiz volcano.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz