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314 relations: Abies balsamea, Acadia, Acadian French, Acadian orogeny, Acer saccharum, Alden Nowlan, Alex Colville, Alfred Bailey, American black bear, American Civil War, American Revolutionary War, Ancien Régime, Anglican Church of Canada, Antonine Maillet, Appalachian Mountains, Appellate court, Aroostook, New Brunswick, Asian Canadians, Atlantic Ballet Theatre of Canada, Atlantic Time Zone, Édith Butler, Île-Royale (New France), Baie Verte, New Brunswick, Basalt, Basques, Bathurst station (New Brunswick), Beaubassin, Beech, Betula alleghaniensis, Bibliography of New Brunswick, Black-capped chickadee, Bobcat, Boreal forest of Canada, Bouctouche, Bretons, Brian Gallant, Bricklin SV-1, British Empire, British North America, Brownville, Maine, Brunswick News, Cabinet (government), Campbellton station, Canada, Canada lynx, Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Canadian Confederation, Canadian federalism, Canadian National Railway, ..., Canadian Pacific Limited, Canadian transfer payments, Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty, Cape Breton Island, Capitol Theatre (Moncton), Caraquet, Carboniferous, Catholic Church in Canada, Census geographic units of Canada, Charles G. D. Roberts, Charlo station, Charlottetown Conference, Chief Justice of New Brunswick, Choristoneura fumiferana, Christopher Pratt, Claude Roussel, Conglomerate (geology), Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942), Constitution of Canada, Coordinated Universal Time, Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick, Crandall University, Criminal Code (Canada), Crown land, Dalhousie University, David Adams Richards, Debt-to-GDP ratio, Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (New Brunswick), Department of Energy and Resource Development (New Brunswick), Department of Local Government (New Brunswick), Department of Transportation and Infrastructure (New Brunswick), Douglas Lochhead, Eastern Maine Railway (1995), Edmundston, Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Endangered species, Endemism, English language, English people, Esker, Europe, European and North American Railway, Executive Council (Commonwealth countries), Expulsion of the Acadians, Fenian raids, Fiddlehead fern, Fir, First Nations, Fiscal year, Flag of New Brunswick, Fold (geology), Fort Beauséjour, Fort Boishebert, Fort Gaspareaux, Fort Menagoueche, Fort Nashwaak, France Daigle, Fredericton, Free trade, French Canadians, French language, French people, Fundy National Park, George III of the United Kingdom, Glacial erratic, Glacial period, Grand Manan, Grand Trunk Railway, Granite, Great Depression, Greater Moncton, Greater Saint John, Gross domestic product, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Hardwood, Head of government, Henry Burr, Herbaceous plant, Herménégilde Chiasson, Hopewell Rocks, Humid continental climate, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, Igneous rock, Imperial Theatre, Saint John, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Intercolonial Railway, Introduced species, Intrusive rock, Ireland, Irish people, Irving Oil, Isthmus of Chignecto, J. D. Irving, Jack Humphrey, Jacques Cartier, Jacquet River station, James K. Irving, Jocelyne Roy-Vienneau, John A. Hammond, John A. Macdonald, John Thompson (poet), Julia Catherine Beckwith, K. V. Johansen, Kings Landing Historical Settlement, Kouchibouguac National Park, L'Acadie Nouvelle, Larix laricina, Law school, Lawren Harris, Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Lenny Breau, Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick, Liquefied natural gas, List of bodies of water of New Brunswick, List of British monarchs, List of Canadian provinces and territories by population, List of counties of New Brunswick, List of generating stations in New Brunswick, List of historic places in New Brunswick, List of mines in New Brunswick, List of museums in New Brunswick, List of National Historic Sites of Canada in New Brunswick, List of New Brunswick case law, List of parishes in New Brunswick, List of people from New Brunswick, List of post-confederation New Brunswick general elections, List of postal codes of Canada: E, List of premiers of New Brunswick, List of protected areas of New Brunswick, Live Bait Theatre, Local service district (New Brunswick), Louis Robichaud, Loyalist (American Revolution), Lythrum salicaria, Magma, Maine, Maliseet, Maple syrup, Maritime Union, Maritimes Basin, Mary Pratt (painter), Matteuccia, McCain Foods, Memramcook, New Brunswick, Mi'kmaq, Miller Brittain, Ministers Island, Miramichi station, Monarchy in New Brunswick, Monarchy of Ireland, Moncton, Moncton Flight College, Moncton station, Montreal, Moose, Moosehead Breweries, Mount Allison University, Music of New Brunswick, National Policy, NB Power, Nepisiguit River, New Brunswick Community College, New Brunswick environmental legislation, New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program, New Brunswick Liberal Association, New Brunswick Southern Railway, New England, New England/Acadian forests, New France, Norm Foster (playwright), Normans, North America, Notre Dame Mountains, Nova Scotia, Nova Scotia Railway, Ocean (train), Oil shale, Ontario, Order of New Brunswick, Ordovician, Paleozoic, Pangaea, Panthalassa, Passamaquoddy, Pedicularis furbishiae, Perennial plant, Petit Rocher station, Petitcodiac, New Brunswick, Picea rubens, Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, Pinophyta, Political party, Port of Saint John, Postgraduate education, Premier of New Brunswick, Prince-elector, Prix Goncourt, Probate court, Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick, Protectionism, Province of Canada, Provincial Court of New Brunswick, Quebec, Quispamsis, Raymond Fraser, Restigouche River, Reversing Falls, Rift valley, Roch Voisine, Rogersville station, Roosevelt Campobello International Park, Rowell–Sirois Commission, Rust, Sackville station, Saint John River (Bay of Fundy), Saint John, New Brunswick, Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day, Samuel de Champlain, Sandstone, Scottish people, Scouting and Guiding in New Brunswick, Sea level, Secondary forest, Sedimentary basin, Shale, Shediac, Shepody, New Brunswick, Snowpack, Spruce, St. Martins, New Brunswick, St. Thomas University (New Brunswick), State school, Statistics Canada, Subarctic climate, Symphony New Brunswick, Telegraph-Journal, Thaw (weather), The Daily Gleaner, The Fiddlehead, The Maritimes, The Playhouse (Fredericton), Theatre New Brunswick, Tidal range, Times & Transcript, Tourism in New Brunswick, Trans-Canada Highway, Treaty of Paris (1763), Treaty of Utrecht, Triassic, U-shaped valley, United Church of Canada, Université de Moncton, Université de Sherbrooke, University of New Brunswick, Urban area, Via Rail, Vikings, Village historique acadien, Vinland, Viola cucullata, Westminster system, Wetland, White-tailed deer, Wisconsin glaciation. 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Abies balsamea
Abies balsamea or balsam fir is a North American fir, native to most of eastern and central Canada (Newfoundland west to central British Columbia) and the northeastern United States (Minnesota east to Maine, and south in the Appalachian Mountains to West Virginia).
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Acadia
Acadia (Acadie) was a colony of New France in northeastern North America that included parts of eastern Quebec, the Maritime provinces, and modern-day Maine to the Kennebec River.
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Acadian French
Acadian French (français acadien) is a dialect of Canadian French originally associated with the Acadian people of what is now the Canadian Maritimes.
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Acadian orogeny
The Acadian orogeny is a long-lasting mountain building event which began in the Middle Devonian, reaching a climax in the early Late Devonian.
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Acer saccharum
Acer saccharum, the sugar maple or rock maple, is a species of maple native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada, from Nova Scotia west through Quebec and southern Ontario to southeastern Manitoba around Lake of the Woods, and the northern parts of the Central and Eastern United States, from Minnesota eastward to the highlands of the eastern states.
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Alden Nowlan
Alden Albert Nowlan (January 25, 1933 – June 27, 1983) was a Canadian poet, novelist, and playwright.
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Alex Colville
David Alexander Colville, (24 August 1920 – 16 July 2013) was a Canadian painter.
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Alfred Bailey
Alfred Goldsworthy Bailey, (March 18, 1905 – April 21, 1997) was a Canadian educator, poet, anthropologist, ethno-historian, and academic administrator.
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American black bear
The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a medium-sized bear native to North America.
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American Civil War
The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Ancien Régime
The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.
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Anglican Church of Canada
The Anglican Church of Canada (ACC or ACoC) is the Province of the Anglican Communion in Canada.
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Antonine Maillet
Antonine Maillet, (born May 10, 1929) is an Acadian novelist, playwright, and scholar.
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Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains (les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.
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Appellate court
An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court, court of appeals (American English), appeal court (British English), court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.
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Aroostook, New Brunswick
Aroostook (2011 population: 351) is a Canadian village in Victoria County, New Brunswick.
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Asian Canadians
Asian Canadians are Canadians who can trace their ancestry back to the continent of Asia or Asian people.
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Atlantic Ballet Theatre of Canada
The Atlantic Ballet Theatre of Canada is a professional award-winning touring ballet company based in Moncton, New Brunswick.
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Atlantic Time Zone
The Atlantic Time Zone is a geographical region that keeps standard time—called Atlantic Standard Time (AST)—by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC-4; during part of the year some parts of it observe daylight saving time by instead subtracting only three hours (UTC-3).
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Édith Butler
Édith Butler (born Marie Nicole Butler 27 July 1942 in Paquetville, New Brunswick) is an Acadian singer-songwriter and folklorist.
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Île-Royale (New France)
Île-Royale was a French colony in North America that existed from 1713 to 1763, consisting of two islands, Île Royale and Île Saint-Jean.
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Baie Verte, New Brunswick
Baie Verte is a community in Westmorland County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Basalt
Basalt is a common extrusive igneous (volcanic) rock formed from the rapid cooling of basaltic lava exposed at or very near the surface of a planet or moon.
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Basques
No description.
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Bathurst station (New Brunswick)
Bathurst station is a staffed Via Rail station in Bathurst, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Beaubassin
Beaubassin was an important Acadian village and trading centre on the Isthmus of Chignecto in what is now Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Beech
Beech (Fagus) is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America.
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Betula alleghaniensis
Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch, also known as golden birch), is a large and important lumber species of birch native to North-eastern North America.
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Bibliography of New Brunswick
This is a bibliography of notable works on New Brunswick, Canada.
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Black-capped chickadee
The black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) is a small, nonmigratory, North American songbird that lives in deciduous and mixed forests.
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Bobcat
The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a North American cat that appeared during the Irvingtonian stage of around 1.8 million years ago (AEO).
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Boreal forest of Canada
The Taiga Biome extends in a broad band across North America, Europe, and Asia.
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Bouctouche
Bouctouche is a Canadian town in Kent County, New Brunswick.
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Bretons
The Bretons (Bretoned) are a Celtic ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France.
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Brian Gallant
Brian Alexander Gallant (born April 27, 1982) is the 33rd and current Premier of New Brunswick since October 7, 2014.
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Bricklin SV-1
The Bricklin SV-1 is a gull-wing door sports car that was assembled in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
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British North America
The term "British North America" refers to the former territories of the British Empire on the mainland of North America.
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Brownville, Maine
Brownville is a town in Piscataquis County, Maine, United States.
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Brunswick News
Brunswick News Inc. is a Canadian newspaper publishing company based in Saint John.
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Cabinet (government)
A cabinet is a body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the top leaders of the executive branch.
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Campbellton station
Campbellton station is located on Roseberry Street near the end of Shannon Street in the city of Campbellton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Canada lynx
The Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) or Canadian lynx is a North American mammal of the cat family, Felidae.
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Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada
The Canadian Baptists of Atlantic Canada (CBAC), formerly known as Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches (CABC), is an association of Baptist Churches in the eastern provinces of Canada.
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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television.
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Canadian Confederation
Canadian Confederation (Confédération canadienne) was the process by which the British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867.
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Canadian federalism
Canadian federalism involves the current nature and historical development of federal systems in Canada.
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Canadian National Railway
The Canadian National Railway Company (Compagnie des chemins de fer nationaux du Canada) is a Canadian Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec that serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States.
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Canadian Pacific Limited
Canadian Pacific Limited was created in 1971 to own properties formerly owned by Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), a transportation and mining giant in Canada.
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Canadian transfer payments
Transfer payments are a collection of fiscal equalization processes used in Canada.
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Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty
The Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty of 1854, also known as the Elgin-Marcy Treaty, was a trade treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States, applying to British possessions in North America including the Province of Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland Colony.
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Cape Breton Island
Cape Breton Island (île du Cap-Breton—formerly Île Royale; Ceap Breatainn or Eilean Cheap Breatainn; Unama'kik; or simply Cape Breton, Cape is Latin for "headland" and Breton is Latin for "British") is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America and part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Capitol Theatre (Moncton)
The Capitol Theatre (Théâtre Capitol) in downtown Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada is an 800-seat, restored 1920s-era vaudeville house on Main Street that serves as the centre for cultural entertainment for the city.
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Caraquet
Caraquet is a town in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Carboniferous
The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, Mya.
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Catholic Church in Canada
The Catholic Church in Canada is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope.
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Census geographic units of Canada
The census geographic units of Canada are the administrative divisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to conduct the country's five-yearly census.
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Charles G. D. Roberts
Sir Charles George Douglas Roberts, (January 10, 1860 – November 26, 1943) was a Canadian poet and prose writer who is known as the Father of Canadian Poetry.
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Charlo station
The Charlo station is a flag stop Via Rail station in the village of Charlo, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Charlottetown Conference
The Charlottetown Conference was held in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island for representatives from the colonies of British North America to discuss Canadian Confederation.
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Chief Justice of New Brunswick
The Chief Justice of the Province of New Brunswick, Canada holds the highest office within the Province's judicial system.
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Choristoneura fumiferana
Choristoneura fumiferana, the eastern spruce budworm, is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae.
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Christopher Pratt
John Christopher Pratt, (born December 9, 1935) is a Canadian painter and printmaker.
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Claude Roussel
Claude Roussel (born 1930), is a Canadian sculptor, painter and educator.
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Conglomerate (geology)
Conglomerate is a coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts, e.g., granules, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders, larger than in diameter.
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Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)
The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation.
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Constitution of Canada
The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions.
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Coordinated Universal Time
No description.
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Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick
The Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick (in French: Cour du Banc de la Reine du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the superior court of the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Crandall University
Crandall University is a small Christian Liberal Arts university located in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Criminal Code (Canada)
The Criminal Code (Code criminelThe citation of this Act by this short title is authorised by the French text of of this Act.) is a law that codifies most criminal offences and procedures in Canada.
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Crown land
Crown land, also known as royal domain or demesne, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown.
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Dalhousie University
Dalhousie University (commonly known as Dal) is a public research university in Nova Scotia, Canada, with three campuses in Halifax, a fourth in Bible Hill, and medical teaching facilities in Saint John, New Brunswick.
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David Adams Richards
David Adams Richards, CM, ONB (born 17 October 1950) is a Canadian writer and member of the Canadian Senate.
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Debt-to-GDP ratio
In economics, the debt-to-GDP ratio is the ratio between a country's government debt (a cumulative amount) and its gross domestic product (GDP) (measured in years).
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Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (New Brunswick)
The Department of Education and Early Childhood Development is an executive agency of the Government of New Brunswick.
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Department of Energy and Resource Development (New Brunswick)
The Department of Energy and Resource Development is a department in the Government of New Brunswick, Canada.
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Department of Local Government (New Brunswick)
The Department of Environment and Local Government is a department of the government of New Brunswick.
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Department of Transportation and Infrastructure (New Brunswick)
The Department of Transportation and Infrastructure is a part of the Government of New Brunswick.
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Douglas Lochhead
Douglas Grant Lochhead (pronounced Lock-heed) FRSC (March 25, 1922 – March 15, 2011) was a Canadian poet, academic librarian, bibliographer and university professor who published more than 30 collections of poetry over five decades, from 1959 to 2009.
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Eastern Maine Railway (1995)
The Eastern Maine Railway Company Limited is a U.S. short line railroad owned by the New Brunswick Railway Company, a holding company that is part of "Irving Transportation Services", a division within the industrial conglomerate J.D. Irving Limited.
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Edmundston
Edmundston is a city in Madawaska County, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Kurfürstentum Braunschweig-Lüneburg) was an Electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, located in northwestern Germany.
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Endangered species
An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as very likely to become extinct.
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Endemism
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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English people
The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England who speak the English language. The English identity is of early medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn ("family of the Angles"). Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD. England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens. Historically, the English population is descended from several peoples the earlier Celtic Britons (or Brythons) and the Germanic tribes that settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans, including Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England (from the Old English Englaland) along with the later Danes, Anglo-Normans and other groups. In the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general. Today many English people have recent forebears from other parts of the United Kingdom, while some are also descended from more recent immigrants from other European countries and from the Commonwealth. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system, the common law system and numerous major sports such as cricket, football, rugby union, rugby league and tennis. These and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire.
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Esker
An esker, eskar, eschar, or os, sometimes called an asar, osar, or serpent kame, is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel, examples of which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America.
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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European and North American Railway
The European and North American Railway (E&NA) is the name for three historic Canadian and American railways which were built in New Brunswick and Maine.
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Executive Council (Commonwealth countries)
An Executive Council in Commonwealth constitutional practice based on the Westminster system is a constitutional organ which exercises executive power and (notionally) advises the governor or governor-general.
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Expulsion of the Acadians
The Expulsion of the Acadians, also known as the Great Upheaval, the Great Expulsion, the Great Deportation and Le Grand Dérangement, was the forced removal by the British of the Acadian people from the present day Canadian Maritime provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island— parts of an area also known as Acadia. The Expulsion (1755–1764) occurred during the French and Indian War (the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War) and was part of the British military campaign against New France. The British first deported Acadians to the Thirteen Colonies, and after 1758 transported additional Acadians to Britain and France. In all, of the 14,100 Acadians in the region, approximately 11,500 Acadians were deported (a census of 1764 indicates that 2,600 Acadians remained in the colony, presumably having eluded capture). During the War of the Spanish Succession, the British captured Port Royal, the capital of the colony, in a siege. The 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, which concluded the conflict, ceded the colony to Great Britain while allowing the Acadians to keep their lands. Over the next forty-five years, however, the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During the same period, some also participated in various military operations against the British, and maintained supply lines to the French fortresses of Louisbourg and Fort Beauséjour. As a result, the British sought to eliminate any future military threat posed by the Acadians and to permanently cut the supply lines they provided to Louisbourg by removing them from the area. Without making distinctions between the Acadians who had been neutral and those who had resisted the occupation of Acadia, the British governor Charles Lawrence and the Nova Scotia Council ordered them to be expelled. In the first wave of the expulsion, Acadians were deported to other British colonies. During the second wave, they were deported to Britain and France, from where they migrated to Louisiana. Acadians fled initially to Francophone colonies such as Canada, the uncolonized northern part of Acadia, Isle Saint-Jean (present-day Prince Edward Island) and Isle Royale (present-day Cape Breton Island). During the second wave of the expulsion, these Acadians were either imprisoned or deported. Throughout the expulsion, Acadians and the Wabanaki Confederacy continued a guerrilla war against the British in response to British aggression which had been continuous since 1744 (see King George's War and Father Le Loutre's War). Along with the British achieving their military goals of defeating Louisbourg and weakening the Mi'kmaq and Acadian militias, the result of the Expulsion was the devastation of both a primarily civilian population and the economy of the region. Thousands of Acadians died in the expulsions, mainly from diseases and drowning when ships were lost. On July 11, 1764, the British government passed an order-in-council to permit Acadians to legally return to British territories, provided that they take an unqualified oath of allegiance. The American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow memorialized the historic event in his poem about the plight of the fictional character Evangeline, which was popular and made the expulsion well known. According to Acadian historian Maurice Basque, the story of Evangeline continues to influence historic accounts of the deportation, emphasising neutral Acadians and de-emphasising those who resisted the British Empire.
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Fenian raids
Between 1866 and 1871, the Fenian raids of the Fenian Brotherhood, an Irish Republican organization based in the United States, on British army forts, customs posts and other targets in Canada, were fought to bring pressure on Britain to withdraw from Ireland.
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Fiddlehead fern
Fiddleheads or fiddlehead greens are the furled fronds of a young fern, harvested for use as a vegetable.
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Fir
Firs (Abies) are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae.
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First Nations
In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.
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Fiscal year
A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is the period used by governments for accounting and budget purposes, which vary between countries.
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Flag of New Brunswick
The flag of New Brunswick consists of a golden lion passant on a red field in the upper third and a gold field defaced with a lymphad on top of blue and white wavy lines in the bottom two-thirds.
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Fold (geology)
A geological fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of permanent deformation.
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Fort Beauséjour
Fort Beauséjour is a large five-bastioned star fort on the Isthmus of Chignecto, a neck of land connecting present-day New Brunswick with Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Fort Boishebert
Fort Boishébert (originally known as Fort Nerepis) is a National Historic Site of Canada located at modern-day Woodmans Point in the town of Grand Bay–Westfield, Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Fort Gaspareaux
Fort Gaspareaux (later Fort Moncton) was a French fort at the head of Baie Verte near the mouth of the Gaspareaux River and just southeast of the modern village of Port Elgin, New Brunswick, Canada, on the Isthmus of Chignecto.
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Fort Menagoueche
Fort Menagoueche (Fort Menagouèche) was a French fort at the mouth of the St. John River, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Fort Nashwaak
Fort Nashwaak (also known as Fort Naxoat, Fort St. Joseph) was the capital of Acadia and is now a National Historic Site of Canada in present-day Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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France Daigle
France Daigle (born 18 November 1953) is a Canadian author of Acadian ethnicity.
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Fredericton
Fredericton is the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Free trade
Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.
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French Canadians
French Canadians (also referred to as Franco-Canadians or Canadiens; Canadien(ne)s français(es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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French people
The French (Français) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France.
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Fundy National Park
Fundy National Park is located on the Bay of Fundy, near the village of Alma, New Brunswick.
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George III of the United Kingdom
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820.
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Glacial erratic
Indian Rock in the Village of Montebello, New York A glacial erratic is a piece of rock that differs from the size and type of rock native to the area in which it rests.
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Glacial period
A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances.
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Grand Manan
Grand Manan Island (also simply Grand Manan) is a Canadian island, and the largest of the Fundy Islands in the Bay of Fundy.
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Grand Trunk Railway
The Grand Trunk Railway was a railway system that operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, and in the American states of Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
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Granite
Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.
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Greater Moncton
Greater Moncton is the area encompassing Metro Moncton (Moncton, Riverview, and Dieppe).
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Greater Saint John
Greater Saint John, Information on Metro Saint John and surrounding communities.
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Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.
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Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax, officially known as the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), is the capital of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.
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Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from dicot trees.
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Head of government
A head of government (or chief of government) is a generic term used for either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, (commonly referred to as countries, nations or nation-states) who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
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Henry Burr
Henry Burr (January 15, 1882 – April 6, 1941) was a Canadian singer, radio performer and producer.
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Herbaceous plant
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbs) are plants that have no persistent woody stem above ground.
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Herménégilde Chiasson
Herménégilde Chiasson, ONB (born 7 April 1946) is a Canadian poet and playwright of Acadian origin.
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Hopewell Rocks
The Hopewell Rocks, also called the Flowerpots Rocks or simply The Rocks, are rock formations caused by tidal erosion in The Hopewell Rocks Ocean Tidal Exploration Site in New Brunswick.
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Humid continental climate
A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix D and a third letter of a or b) is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, which is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters.
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Ici Radio-Canada Télé
Ici Radio-Canada Télé (stylized as ICI Radio-Canada TēLē, and formerly known as Télévision de Radio-Canada) is a Canadian French-language broadcast television network that is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (known in French as Société Radio-Canada), the national public broadcaster.
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Igneous rock
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
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Imperial Theatre, Saint John
The Imperial Theatre, in Saint John, New Brunswick, was designed by Philadelphia architect Albert Westover and built in 1912 by the Imperial Theatre by the Keith-Albee-Orpheum Corporation vaudeville chain of New York City and their Canadian subsidiary, the Saint John Amusements Company Ltd.
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Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.
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Intercolonial Railway
The Intercolonial Railway of Canada, also referred to as the Intercolonial Railway (ICR), was a historic Canadian railway that operated from 1872 to 1918, when it became part of Canadian National Railways.
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Introduced species
An introduced species (alien species, exotic species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species) is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental.
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Intrusive rock
Intrusive rock (also called plutonic rock) is formed when magma crystallizes and solidifies underground to form intrusions, for example plutons, batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.
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Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.
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Irish people
The Irish people (Muintir na hÉireann or Na hÉireannaigh) are a nation and ethnic group native to the island of Ireland, who share a common Irish ancestry, identity and culture.
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Irving Oil
Irving Oil Ltd. is a Canadian gasoline, oil, and natural gas producing and exporting company.
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Isthmus of Chignecto
The Isthmus of Chignecto is an isthmus bordering the Maritime provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia which connects the Nova Scotia peninsula with North America.
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J. D. Irving
J.D. Irving Limited is a privately owned conglomerate company headquartered in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Jack Humphrey
Jack Weldon Humphrey (12 January 1901–23 March 1967) was a Canadian landscape and figure painter, mainly in watercolour.
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Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier (Jakez Karter; December 31, 1491September 1, 1557) was a Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France.
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Jacquet River station
The Jacquet River station is a flag stop Via Rail station in the community of Jacquet River, New Brunswick, Canada.
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James K. Irving
James K. Irving, (born March 20, 1928) is a Canadian businessman, the eldest son of the industrialist K.C. Irving.
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Jocelyne Roy-Vienneau
Jocelyne Roy-Vienneau is the 31st and current Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick.
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John A. Hammond
John Hammond (April 11, 1843 – 1939) was a Canadian adventurer, photographer, artist, printmaker and art educator.
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John A. Macdonald
Sir John Alexander Macdonald (11 January 1815 – 6 June 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891).
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John Thompson (poet)
John Thompson (17 Mar 1938 – 26 Apr 1976) was an English-born, Canadian poet, translator and university professor.
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Julia Catherine Beckwith
Julia Catherine Beckwith (March 10, 1796 – November 28, 1867) was credited as being Canada's first novelist.
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K. V. Johansen
K.V. Johansen (born 1968) is a Canadian fantasy, science fiction, and children's author.
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Kings Landing Historical Settlement
Kings Landing is a New Brunswick, living history museum with original buildings from the period of 1820-1920.
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Kouchibouguac National Park
Kouchibouguac National Park ('kʊʃ.ɘ.boʊˌkwæk) is located on the east coast of New Brunswick, in Kouchibouguac.
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L'Acadie Nouvelle
L'Acadie Nouvelle is an independent French newspaper published in Caraquet, New Brunswick, Canada since June 6, 1984.
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Larix laricina
Larix laricina, commonly known as the tamarack, hackmatack, eastern larch, black larch, red larch, or American larch, is a species of larch native to Canada, from eastern Yukon and Inuvik, Northwest Territories east to Newfoundland, and also south into the upper northeastern United States from Minnesota to Cranesville Swamp, Maryland; there is also an isolated population in central Alaska.
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Law school
A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction.
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Lawren Harris
Lawren Stewart Harris, CC (October 23, 1885 – January 29, 1970) was a Canadian painter.
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Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada is located in Fredericton.
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Lenny Breau
Leonard Harold Breau (August 5, 1941 – August 12, 1984) was an American-born guitarist and music educator.
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Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick
The Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick (in French: Lieutenant-gouverneur (if male) or Lieutenante-gouverneure (if female) du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the viceregal representative in New Brunswick of the, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada, as well as the other Commonwealth realms and any subdivisions thereof, and resides predominantly in oldest realm, the United Kingdom.
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Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane C2H6) that has been converted to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport.
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List of bodies of water of New Brunswick
This is a List of bodies of water in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, Canada including waterfalls.
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List of British monarchs
There have been 12 monarchs of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the United Kingdom (see Monarchy of the United Kingdom) since the merger of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland on 1 May 1707.
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List of Canadian provinces and territories by population
Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories.
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List of counties of New Brunswick
This is a list of the counties in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, with population and county seats (known in the province as shire towns).
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List of generating stations in New Brunswick
This is a list of electrical generating stations in New Brunswick, Canada.
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List of historic places in New Brunswick
This is a list of lists of historic places in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, from the Canadian Register of Historic Places, whether federal, provincial, or municipal.
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List of mines in New Brunswick
This is a list of mines in New Brunswick, Canada.
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List of museums in New Brunswick
This list of museums in New Brunswick, Canada contains museums which are defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing.
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List of National Historic Sites of Canada in New Brunswick
This is a list of National Historic Sites (Lieux historiques nationaux) in the province of New Brunswick.
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List of New Brunswick case law
Significant lawsuits of New Brunswick are described, if not elsewhere, here (in chronological order).
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List of parishes in New Brunswick
The Canadian province of New Brunswick is home to 152 parishes that previously had political significance as districts within counties.
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List of people from New Brunswick
This is a list of notable people who are from New Brunswick, Canada, or have spent a large part or formative part of their career in that province.
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List of post-confederation New Brunswick general elections
This article provides a summary of results for the general elections to the Canadian province of New Brunswick's unicameral legislative body, the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick.
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List of postal codes of Canada: E
This is a list of postal codes in Canada where the first letter is E. Postal codes beginning with E are located within the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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List of premiers of New Brunswick
The Canadian province of New Brunswick was a British crown colony before it joined Canada in 1867.
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List of protected areas of New Brunswick
This is a list of protected natural areas of New Brunswick.
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Live Bait Theatre
Live Bait Theatre is a theatre company based in Sackville, New Brunswick, in Canada.
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Local service district (New Brunswick)
For NFLD, see Local Service District (Newfoundland and Labrador) A local service district (LSD) is an unincorporated unit of local governance in the Canadian province of New Brunswick; LSDs are defined by Regulation 84-168, the Local Service Districts Regulation - Municipalities Act.
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Louis Robichaud
Louis Joseph Robichaud, (October 21, 1925 – January 6, 2005), popularly known as "Little Louis" or "P'tit-Louis" (due both to his short stature and to his sharing a name with "Uncle Louis" St. Laurent), was the second Acadian Premier of New Brunswick, serving from 1960 to 1970.
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Loyalist (American Revolution)
Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men at the time.
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Lythrum salicaria
Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrifeFlora of NW Europe) is a flowering plant belonging to the family Lythraceae.
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Magma
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.
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Maine
Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Maliseet
The Wolastoqiyik, or Maliseet (also spelled Malecite), are an Algonquian-speaking First Nation of the Wabanaki Confederacy.
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Maple syrup
Maple syrup is a syrup usually made from the xylem sap of sugar maple, red maple, or black maple trees, although it can also be made from other maple species.
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Maritime Union
Maritime Union is a proposed political union of the three Maritime provinces of Canada – New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island – to form a single new province.
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Maritimes Basin
The Maritimes Basin is a Mid-Devonian to Early Permian sedimentary basin that underlies parts of the northeastern United States and Atlantic Canada.
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Mary Pratt (painter)
Mary Frances Pratt, CC, RCA (née West) (born March 15, 1935 in Fredericton, New Brunswick) is a Canadian painter specializing in still life realist paintings.
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Matteuccia
Matteuccia is a genus of ferns with one species, Matteuccia struthiopteris (common names ostrich fern, fiddlehead fern or shuttlecock fern).
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McCain Foods
McCain Foods Limited is a Canadian multi-national privately owned company established in 1957 in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Memramcook, New Brunswick
Memramcook, sometimes also spelt Memramcouke or Memramkouke, is a village in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Mi'kmaq
The Mi'kmaq or Mi'gmaq (also Micmac, L'nu, Mi'kmaw or Mi'gmaw) are a First Nations people indigenous to Canada's Atlantic Provinces and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec as well as the northeastern region of Maine.
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Miller Brittain
Miller Gore Brittain (November 12, 1912 – January 21, 1968) was a Canadian artist from New Brunswick.
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Ministers Island
Ministers Island is an historic Canadian island in New Brunswick's Passamaquoddy Bay near the town of St. Andrews.
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Miramichi station
Miramichi station is a railway station in Miramichi, New Brunswick.
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Monarchy in New Brunswick
By the arrangements of the Canadian federation, Canada's monarchy operates in New Brunswick as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy.
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Monarchy of Ireland
A monarchical system of government existed in Ireland from ancient times until, for what became the Republic of Ireland, the mid-twentieth century.
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Moncton
Moncton is the largest city in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Moncton Flight College
The Moncton Flight College (MFC) is a pilot training school based at the Greater Moncton International Airport (CYQM) in Dieppe, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Moncton station
The Moncton station is a railway and bus station in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Montreal
Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.
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Moose
The moose (North America) or elk (Eurasia), Alces alces, is the largest extant species in the deer family.
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Moosehead Breweries
Moosehead Breweries Limited is Canada's oldest independent brewery, located in Saint John, New Brunswick.
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Mount Allison University
Mount Allison University (also Mount A or MtA) is a primarily undergraduate Canadian liberal arts and science university located in Sackville, New Brunswick.
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Music of New Brunswick
New Brunswick offers a wide range of musical entertainment at many different venues and diverse locations.
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National Policy
The National Policy was a Canadian economic program introduced by John Alexander Macdonald's Conservative Party in 1876 and put into action in 1879.
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NB Power
NB Power (Énergie NB), formerly known as the New Brunswick Power Corporation and the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission, is the primary electrical utility in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Nepisiguit River
The Nepisiguit River is a major river in northern New Brunswick Canada, which enters the sea at the city of Bathurst, on the Bay of Chaleur.
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New Brunswick Community College
New Brunswick Community College (NBCC) is a community college located throughout various locations in New Brunswick, Canada including Moncton, Miramichi, Fredericton, (its head office), Saint John, St. Andrews, and Woodstock.
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New Brunswick environmental legislation
The province of New Brunswick has created and implemented various Acts, such as the Clean Environment Act, Clean Air Act, and the Clean Water Act, throughout history to ensure that the environment is considered and protected throughout various project.
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New Brunswick Equal Opportunity program
The Equal Opportunity program in the Canadian province of New Brunswick was created to ensure equal services would be provided to citizens in all parts of the province regardless of the wealth in the area.
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New Brunswick Liberal Association
The New Brunswick Liberal Association (Association libérale du Nouveau-Brunswick), more popularly known as the New Brunswick Liberal Party or Liberal Party of New Brunswick, is one of the two major provincial political parties in New Brunswick, Canada.
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New Brunswick Southern Railway
The New Brunswick Southern Railway Company Limited is a Canadian short line railway owned by the New Brunswick Railway Company Limited, a holding company that is part of "Irving Transportation Services", a division within the industrial conglomerate J.D. Irving Limited.
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New England
New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.
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New England/Acadian forests
The New England-Acadian forests are a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion that includes a variety of habitats on the hills, mountains and plateaus of New England in the Northeastern United States and Quebec and the Maritime Provinces of Eastern Canada.
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New France
New France (Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763.
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Norm Foster (playwright)
Norman Foster, (born February 14, 1949) is a Canadian playwright, considered to be Canada's most produced playwright.
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Normans
The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Normanni) were the people who, in the 10th and 11th centuries, gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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Notre Dame Mountains
The Notre Dame Mountains are a portion of the Appalachian Mountains, extending from the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec to the Green Mountains of Vermont.
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Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada.
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Nova Scotia Railway
The Nova Scotia Railway is a historic Canadian railway.
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Ocean (train)
The Ocean, previously known as the Ocean Limited, is a passenger train operated by Via Rail in Canada between Montreal, Quebec and Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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Oil shale
Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales), can be produced.
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Ontario
Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.
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Order of New Brunswick
The Order of New Brunswick (Ordre du Nouveau Brunswick) is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.
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Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era (from the Greek palaios (παλαιός), "old" and zoe (ζωή), "life", meaning "ancient life") is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
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Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
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Panthalassa
Panthalassa, also known as the Panthalassic or Panthalassan Ocean, (from Greek πᾶν "all" and θάλασσα "sea"), was the superocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea.
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Passamaquoddy
The Passamaquoddy (Peskotomuhkati or Pestomuhkati in the Passamaquoddy language) are an American Indian/First Nations people who live in northeastern North America, primarily in Maine, United States and New Brunswick, Canada.
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Pedicularis furbishiae
Pedicularis furbishiae (Furbish's lousewort) is a perennial herb found only on the shores of the upper Saint John River in Maine and New Brunswick.
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Perennial plant
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years.
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Petit Rocher station
The Petit Rocher station is a flag stop Via Rail station in the village of Petit Rocher, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Petitcodiac, New Brunswick
Petitcodiac is a Canadian village in Westmorland County, New Brunswick.
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Picea rubens
Picea rubens, commonly known as red spruce, is a species of spruce native to eastern North America, ranging from eastern Quebec and Nova Scotia, west to the Adirondack Mountains and south through New England along the Appalachians to western North Carolina.
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Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons
Pierre Dugua de Mons (or Du Gua de Monts; c. 1558 – 1628) was a French merchant, explorer and colonizer.
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Pinophyta
The Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae, or commonly as conifers, are a division of vascular land plants containing a single extant class, Pinopsida.
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Political party
A political party is an organised group of people, often with common views, who come together to contest elections and hold power in government.
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Port of Saint John
The Port of Saint John is a port complex that occupies of land along of waterfront of the Saint John Harbour at the mouth of the Saint John River in the city of Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Postgraduate education
Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education.
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Premier of New Brunswick
The Premier of New Brunswick (French (masculine): Premier ministre du Nouveau-Brunswick, or feminine: Première ministre du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the first minister for the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Prince-elector
The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (Kurfürst, pl. Kurfürsten, Kurfiřt, Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Prix Goncourt
The Prix Goncourt (Le prix Goncourt,, The Goncourt Prize) is a prize in French literature, given by the académie Goncourt to the author of "the best and most imaginative prose work of the year".
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Probate court
A probate court (sometimes called a surrogate court) is a court that has competence in a jurisdiction to deal with matters of probate and the administration of estates.
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Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick
The Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick is a centre-right, conservative political party in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Protectionism
Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.
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Province of Canada
The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867.
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Provincial Court of New Brunswick
The Provincial Court of New Brunswick (Cour provinciale du Nouveau-Brunswick) hears cases relating to criminal law and other statutes.
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Quebec
Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.
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Quispamsis
Quispamsis (sometimes shortened to) is a Kings County suburb of Saint John, New Brunswick, located to the northeast in the lower Kennebecasis River valley.
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Raymond Fraser
Raymond Fraser is a Canadian author.
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Restigouche River
The Restigouche River (in French, Rivière Ristigouche) is a river that flows across the northwestern part of the province of New Brunswick and the southeastern part of Quebec.
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Reversing Falls
The Reversing Falls are a series of rapids on the Saint John River located in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, where the river runs through a narrow gorge before emptying into the Bay of Fundy.
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Rift valley
A rift valley is a linear-shaped lowland between several highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault.
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Roch Voisine
Joseph Armand Roch Voisine, (born 26 March 1963) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and television host who lives in Montreal, Quebec and Paris, France.
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Rogersville station
Rogersville station is a railway station in Rogersville, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Roosevelt Campobello International Park
Roosevelt Campobello International Park preserves the house and surrounding landscape of the summer retreat of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt and their family.
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Rowell–Sirois Commission
The Rowell–Sirois Commission officially known as the Royal Commission on Dominion–Provincial Relations was a Canadian Royal Commission looking into the Canadian economy and federal–provincial relations.
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Rust
Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture.
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Sackville station
The Sackville station is an inter-city railway station in Sackville, New Brunswick.
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Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)
The Saint John River (Fleuve Saint-Jean; Maliseet: Wolastoq) is a river, approximately long, located principally in the Canadian province of New Brunswick, but also in and arising from the province of Quebec and the U.S. state of Maine.
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Saint John, New Brunswick
Saint John is the port city of the Bay of Fundy in the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
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Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day
Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day (Fête de la Saint-Jean-Baptiste, la Saint-Jean, Fête nationale du Québec) is a holiday celebrated on June 24 in the Canadian province of Quebec and by French Canadians across Canada and the United States.
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Samuel de Champlain
Samuel de Champlain (born Samuel Champlain; on or before August 13, 1574Fichier OrigineFor a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date or his place of birth. – December 25, 1635), known as "The Father of New France", was a French navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, explorer, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler.
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Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments.
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Scottish people
The Scottish people (Scots: Scots Fowk, Scottish Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged from an amalgamation of two Celtic-speaking peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or Alba) in the 9th century. Later, the neighbouring Celtic-speaking Cumbrians, as well as Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons and Norse, were incorporated into the Scottish nation. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from Scotland. The Latin word Scoti originally referred to the Gaels, but came to describe all inhabitants of Scotland. Considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for Scottish people, primarily outside Scotland. John Kenneth Galbraith in his book The Scotch (Toronto: MacMillan, 1964) documents the descendants of 19th-century Scottish pioneers who settled in Southwestern Ontario and affectionately referred to themselves as 'Scotch'. He states the book was meant to give a true picture of life in the community in the early decades of the 20th century. People of Scottish descent live in many countries other than Scotland. Emigration, influenced by factors such as the Highland and Lowland Clearances, Scottish participation in the British Empire, and latterly industrial decline and unemployment, have resulted in Scottish people being found throughout the world. Scottish emigrants took with them their Scottish languages and culture. Large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. Canada has the highest level of Scottish descendants per capita in the world and the second-largest population of Scottish descendants, after the United States. Scotland has seen migration and settlement of many peoples at different periods in its history. The Gaels, the Picts and the Britons have their respective origin myths, like most medieval European peoples. Germanic peoples, such as the Anglo-Saxons, arrived beginning in the 7th century, while the Norse settled parts of Scotland from the 8th century onwards. In the High Middle Ages, from the reign of David I of Scotland, there was some emigration from France, England and the Low Countries to Scotland. Some famous Scottish family names, including those bearing the names which became Bruce, Balliol, Murray and Stewart came to Scotland at this time. Today Scotland is one of the countries of the United Kingdom, and the majority of people living there are British citizens.
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Scouting and Guiding in New Brunswick
Scouting in New Brunswick has a long history, from the 1900s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the environment in which they live.
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Sea level
Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.
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Secondary forest
A secondary forest (or second-growth forest) is a forest or woodland area which has re-grown after a timber harvest, until a long enough period has passed so that the effects of the disturbance are no longer evident.
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Sedimentary basin
Sedimentary basins are regions of Earth of long-term subsidence creating accommodation space for infilling by sediments.
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Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.
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Shediac
Shediac is a Canadian town in Westmorland County, New Brunswick.
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Shepody, New Brunswick
Shepody (formerly Chipoudy) is a small community in Southeastern New Brunswick on Route 114.
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Snowpack
Snowpack forms from layers of snow that accumulate in geographic regions and high altitudes where the climate includes cold weather for extended periods during the year.
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Spruce
A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.
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St. Martins, New Brunswick
St.
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St. Thomas University (New Brunswick)
St.
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State school
State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales)In England and Wales, some independent schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are known as 'public schools'.
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Statistics Canada
Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the Government of Canada government agency commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and culture.
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Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, subalpine climate, or boreal climate) is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers.
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Symphony New Brunswick
Symphony New Brunswick is the largest classical music organization in New Brunswick, Canada.
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Telegraph-Journal
The Telegraph-Journal is a daily newspaper published in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Thaw (weather)
January thaw is a term applied to a thaw or rise in temperature in mid-winter found in mid-latitude North America.
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The Daily Gleaner
The Daily Gleaner is a morning daily newspaper serving the city of Fredericton, New Brunswick, and the upper Saint John River Valley.
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The Fiddlehead
The Fiddlehead is a Canadian literary magazine, published four times annually at the University of New Brunswick.
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The Maritimes
The Maritimes, also called the Maritime provinces (Provinces maritimes) or the Canadian Maritimes, is a region of Eastern Canada consisting of three provinces: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island (PEI).
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The Playhouse (Fredericton)
The Fredericton Playhouse is a non-profit organization venue for hosting local talent acts and touring performers.
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Theatre New Brunswick
Theatre New Brunswick is the only English language professional theatre company in New Brunswick Canada.
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Tidal range
The tidal range is the vertical difference between the high tide and the succeeding low tide.
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Times & Transcript
The Times & Transcript is a newspaper from Moncton, New Brunswick.
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Tourism in New Brunswick
There are two major national parks (Fundy National Park and Kouchibouguac National Park).
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Trans-Canada Highway
The Trans-Canada Highway (French: Route Transcanadienne) is a transcontinental federal-provincial highway system that travels through all ten provinces of Canada from the Pacific Ocean on the west to the Atlantic on the east.
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Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.
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Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, is a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713.
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Triassic
The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period Mya.
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U-shaped valley
U-shaped valleys, trough valleys or glacial troughs, are formed by the process of glaciation.
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United Church of Canada
The United Church of Canada (Église unie du Canada) is a mainline Reformed denomination and the largest Protestant Christian denomination in Canada, and the largest Canadian Christian denomination after the Catholic Church.
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Université de Moncton
The Université de Moncton (abbr. U de M, transl. University of Moncton) is a French-language university located in Edmundston, Moncton and Shippagan, New Brunswick, Canada serving the Acadian community of Atlantic Canada.
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Université de Sherbrooke
The Université de Sherbrooke is a large public French-language university in Quebec, Canada with campuses located in Sherbrooke and Longueuil, a suburb of Montreal approximately west of Sherbrooke.
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University of New Brunswick
The University of New Brunswick (UNB) is a public university with two primary campuses, located in Fredericton and Saint John, New Brunswick.
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Urban area
An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.
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Via Rail
Via Rail Canada (generally shortened to Via Rail or Via; styled corporately as VIA Rail Canada) is an independent Crown corporation, subsidized by Transport Canada, mandated to offer intercity passenger rail services in Canada.
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Vikings
Vikings (Old English: wicing—"pirate", Danish and vikinger; Swedish and vikingar; víkingar, from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.
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Village historique acadien
Village historique acadien is an historical reconstruction that portrays the way of life of Acadians between 1770 and 1949.
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Vinland
Vinland, Vineland or Winland (Vínland) is the name for North American land explored by Norse Vikings, where Leif Erikson first landed 1000, approximately five centuries prior to the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot.
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Viola cucullata
Viola cucullata, the hooded blue violet, marsh blue violet or purple violet, is a species of the genus Viola native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Georgia.
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Westminster system
The Westminster system is a parliamentary system of government developed in the United Kingdom.
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Wetland
A wetland is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.
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White-tailed deer
The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia.
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Wisconsin glaciation
The Wisconsin Glacial Episode, also called the Wisconsinan glaciation, was the most recent glacial period of the North American ice sheet complex.
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Redirects here:
CA-NB, Climate of New Brunswick, Colony of New Brunswick, Culture of New Brunswick, Neubraunschweig, New Brunswick Province, New Brunswick, Canada, New Brunswicker, New Brunswickian, New Brusnwick, New brunswick, New brunswikc, New-Brunswick, Nouveau-Brunswick, Nuevo Brunswick, Nuvobʁɔnzwɪk, Province of New Brunswick.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick
