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62 relations: Adinotherium, Afrotheria, Animal, Archaeohyracidae, Archaeohyrax, Archaeopithecidae, Arctostylopida, Campanorco, Chalicothere, Chordate, Collagen, Convergent evolution, Eutheria, Glires, Great American Interchange, Hare, Hegetotheria, Hegetotheriidae, Henricosborniidae, Hoffstetterius, Holocene, Homalodotheriidae, Homalodotherium, Interatheriidae, Interatherium, Isotemnidae, Leontinia, Leontiniidae, Litopterna, Mammal, Meridiungulata, Mesaxonia, Mesotheriidae, Mesotherium, Mitochondrial DNA, Mixotoxodon, Nesodon, Notioprogonia, Notohippidae, Notostylopidae, Notostylops, Odd-toed ungulate, Oldfieldthomasiidae, Pachyrukhos, Paleocene, Paraphyly, Piauhytherium, Pleistocene, Protypotherium, Pyrotherium, ..., Rabbit, Rhynchippus, Scarrittia, Sister group, South America, Thomashuxleya, Toxodon, Toxodonta, Toxodontidae, Typotheria, Ungulate, Year. Expand index (12 more) »
Adinotherium
Adinotherium (meaning "not terrible beast")Palmer (1904) p. 80.
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Afrotheria
Afrotheria is a clade of mammals, the living members of which belong to groups that are either currently living in Africa or of African origin: golden moles, elephant shrews (also known as sengis), tenrecs, aardvarks, hyraxes, elephants, sea cows, and several extinct clades.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Archaeohyracidae
Archaeohyracidae is an extinct family comprising four genera of notoungulate mammals known from the Paleocene through the Oligocene of South America.
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Archaeohyrax
Archaeohyrax is a genus of extinct, notoungulate mammal known from the Middle Eocene to Oligocene of Argentina and Bolivia.
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Archaeopithecidae
Archaeopithecidae is an extinct family comprising two genera of notoungulate mammals, Acropithecus and Archaeopithecus, both known from the early Eocene of South America (McKenna and Bell, 1997).
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Arctostylopida
Arctostylopida is an extinct order of placental mammals from the Late Palaeocene of Eastern Asia and North America.
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Campanorco
Campanorco is an extinct genus of notoungulate mammal from the Middle Eocene Lumbrera Formation, Argentina, South America and the only member of the family Campanorcidae.
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Chalicothere
Chalicotheres (from Greek chalix, "gravel" + therion, "beast") is an extinct group of herbivorous, odd-toed ungulate (or perissodactyl) mammals spread throughout North America, Eurasia, and Africa from the Middle Eocene until the Early Pleistocene, existing from 46.2 mya to just 781,000 years ago.
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Chordate
A chordate is an animal belonging to the phylum Chordata; chordates possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail, for at least some period of their life cycle.
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Collagen
Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.
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Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
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Eutheria
Eutheria (from Greek εὐ-, eu- "good" or "right" and θηρίον, thēríon "beast" hence "true beasts") is one of two mammalian clades with extant members that diverged in the Early Cretaceous or perhaps the Late Jurassic.
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Glires
Glires (Latin glīrēs, dormice) is a clade (sometimes ranked as a grandorder) consisting of rodents and lagomorphs (rabbits, hares, and pikas).
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Great American Interchange
The Great American Interchange was an important late Cenozoic paleozoogeographic event in which land and freshwater fauna migrated from North America via Central America to South America and vice versa, as the volcanic Isthmus of Panama rose up from the sea floor and bridged the formerly separated continents.
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Hare
Hares and jackrabbits are leporids belonging to the genus Lepus.
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Hegetotheria
Hegetotheria is a suborder of the extinct mammalian order Notoungulata and includes two families, Archaeohyracidae and Hegetotheriidae.
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Hegetotheriidae
Hegetotheriidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Eocene through the Pleistocene of South America.
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Henricosborniidae
Henricosborniidae is a family of extinct notoungulate mammals known from the Paleocene and early Eocene of Argentina and Brazil.
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Hoffstetterius
Hoffstetterius is an extinct genus of toxodontid notoungulate mammal, whose remains were discovered in the Middle to Late Miocene (Mayoan to Montehermosan) Mauri Formation in the La Paz Department in Bolivia.
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Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch.
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Homalodotheriidae
Homalodotheriidae is an extinct family comprising four genera of notoungulate mammals known from the late Eocene through late Miocene of South America.
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Homalodotherium
Homalodotherium is an extinct genus of the order Notoungulata, an extinct group of hoofed mammals native to South America.
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Interatheriidae
Interatheriidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals from South America.
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Interatherium
Interatherium is an extinct genus of Interatheriidae from the Early to Middle Miocene (Santacrucian-Mayoan).
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Isotemnidae
Isotemnidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Paleocene through Oligocene of South America.
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Leontinia
Leontinia is an extinct genus of leontiniid notoungulate.
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Leontiniidae
Leontiniidae is an extinct family comprising eleven genera of notoungulate mammals known from the middle Eocene through middle Miocene of South America (McKenna and Bell, 1997).
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Litopterna
Litopterna (from λῑτή πτέρνα "smooth heel") is an extinct order of fossil hoofed mammals (ungulates) from the Cenozoic period that displayed toe reduction – three-toed forms developed; there was even a one-toed horselike form.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Meridiungulata
Meridiungulata is an extinct clade with the rank of cohort or superorder, containing the South American ungulates Pyrotheria (possibly including Xenungulata), Astrapotheria, Notoungulata and Litopterna.
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Mesaxonia
Mesaxonians (near-synonymous with Panperissodactyla) a clade of ungulates whose weight is distributed on the third toe on all legs through the plane symmetry of their feet.
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Mesotheriidae
Mesotheriidae ("Middle Beasts") is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Eocene through the Pleistocene of South America.
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Mesotherium
Mesotherium ("Middle Beast"), synonym, "Typotherium," is the type genus of Mesotheriidae, a long-lasting (roughly from 55 to 2 mya) family of superficially rodent-like, burrowing notoungulates from South America.
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Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Mixotoxodon
Mixotoxodon ("mixture Toxodon") is an extinct genus of notoungulate of the family Toxodontidae inhabiting South America, Central America and parts of southern North America during the Pleistocene, from 1,800,000—12,000 years ago.
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Nesodon
Nesodon ("island tooth")Palmer (1904) p. 457.
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Notioprogonia
Notioprogonia is a suborder of the extinct mammalian order Notoungulata and includes two families, Henricosborniidae and Notostylopidae.
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Notohippidae
Notohippidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals from South America.
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Notostylopidae
Notostylopidae is an extinct family comprising five genera of notoungulate mammals known from the early Eocene to early Oligocene of South America.
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Notostylops
Notostylops ("South Pillar Face") is a genus of extinct South American ungulate from the Eocene Argentina.
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Odd-toed ungulate
Members of the order Perissodactyla, also known as odd-toed ungulates, are mammals characterized by an odd number of toes and by hindgut fermentation with somewhat simple stomachs.
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Oldfieldthomasiidae
Oldfieldthomasiidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Late Paleocene to Late Eocene of South America.
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Pachyrukhos
Pachyrukhos is an extinct genus of mammals from the Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene (Santacrucian-Friasian in the SALMA classification) of Argentina (Collón Curá, Sarmiento and Santa Cruz Formations) and Chile (Río Frías Formation), South America.
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Paleocene
The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "old recent", is a geological epoch that lasted from about.
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Paraphyly
In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.
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Piauhytherium
Piauhytherium is an extinct genus of herbivorous mammal, pertaining to the order of the notoungulates and the family of the toxodontids. It lived during the Late Pleistocene (about 10.000 years ago; fossils have been found in Brazil. The only known species is Piauhytherium capivarae.Guérin, Claude, and Martine Faure. "Un nouveau Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) du Pléistocène supérieur du Nordeste du Brésil." Geodiversitas 35.1 (2013): 155-205.
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Pleistocene
The Pleistocene (often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations.
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Protypotherium
Protypotherium is an extinct genus of notoungulate mammals native to South America during the Miocene epoch.
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Pyrotherium
Pyrotherium ('fire beast') is an extinct genus of South American ungulate, of the order Pyrotheria, that lived in what is now Argentina and Bolivia, during the Late Oligocene.
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Rabbit
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha (along with the hare and the pika).
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Rhynchippus
Rhynchippus is an extinct genus of notoungulate mammal from Late Oligocene (Deseadan in the SALMA classification) South America.
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Scarrittia
Scarrittia is an extinct genus of hoofed mammal of the family Leontiniidae, native to South America during the Late Oligocene epoch (Deseadan in the SALMA classification).
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Sister group
A sister group or sister taxon is a phylogenetic term denoting the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
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South America
South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Thomashuxleya
Thomashuxleya is an extinct genus of notoungulate mammal, named after famous 19th-century biologist Thomas Huxley.
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Toxodon
Toxodon (meaning "bow tooth") is an extinct genus of South American mammals from the Late Miocene to Middle Holocene epochs (Mayoan to post-Lujanian in the SALMA classification) (about 11.6 million to 5000 years ago).
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Toxodonta
Toxodonta or Toxodontia is a suborder of the meridiungulate order Notoungulata.
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Toxodontidae
Toxodontidae is an extinct family of notoungulate mammals known from the Oligocene to the Holocene (5,000 BP) of South America, with one genus, Mixotoxodon, also known from the Pleistocene of Central America and southwestern North America (Texas).
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Typotheria
Typotheria is a suborder of the extinct mammalian order Notoungulata and includes five families: Archaeopithecidae, Campanorcidae, Interatheriidae, Mesotheriidae, and Oldfieldthomasiidae.
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Ungulate
Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.
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Year
A year is the orbital period of the Earth moving in its orbit around the Sun.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notoungulata
