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National Science Foundation

Index National Science Foundation

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. [1]

149 relations: Acceptable use policy, Alan Tower Waterman, Alexandria, Virginia, America COMPETES Act, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Antarctic Treaty System, Antarctica, Anthropology, Applied science, Arecibo Observatory, Arlington County, Virginia, Artificial intelligence, Astronomy, Basic research, Beijing, Biology, Brussels, Capital Jury Project, Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, Charles Babbage Institute, Chemistry, China, Computer science, CRDF Global, Dark energy, DARPA, Data science, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Digital library, Earth science, Economics, Education, Elbert D. Thomas, Engineering, Engineering education, Environmental science, Federal Register, Federal Statistical System of the United States, Fox News, France A. Córdova, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Funding of science, Gemini Observatory, Glossary of areas of mathematics, Glossary of astronomy, Glossary of biology, Glossary of chemistry terms, Glossary of engineering, Glossary of physics, Golden Fleece Award, ..., Google, Harley M. Kilgore, Harry S. Truman, Howard Alexander Smith, Hurricane Katrina, Infection, International Council on Nanotechnology, Jeff Flake, Kitt Peak, Laissez-faire, Larry Page, Linguistics, Lists of American institutions of higher education, Management, Manhattan Project, Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers, Materials science, Mathematically Correct, Mathematics, Mathematics education, Mathland, Mid-InfraRed Technologies for Health and the Environment, Mosaic (web browser), MSNBC, Nanotechnology, NASA, National Academy of Sciences, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, National Defense Research Committee, National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program, National Digital Library Program, National Institutes of Health, National Nanotechnology Initiative, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, National Science Board, National Science Foundation Network, National Science Foundation: Under the Microscope, National Solar Observatory, Nature (journal), Neuroscience, New Deal, New Orleans, NSF-GRF, Office of Inspector General (United States), Office of Management and Budget, Office of Naval Research, Office of Scientific Research and Development, Ozone depletion, Paris, Patent, Physics, Political science, Populism, President of the United States, Princeton University Press, Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, Psychology, Purdue University, Republican Party (United States), Research, Research Experiences for Teachers, Research Experiences for Undergraduates, Return on investment, Science, Science and Technology Policy Institute, Science education, Science of science policy, Scientific literacy, Scientific method, SedDB, Sergey Brin, Social science, Sociology, Sputnik 1, Stanford University, Technology education, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Tokyo, Tom Coburn, Transformative research, Tucson, Arizona, United States Antarctic Program, United States Atomic Energy Commission, United States dollar, United States federal government shutdown of 2013, United States Senate, University of Oregon, USA.gov, USAFacts, Vannevar Bush, Virginia, Warren Magnuson, William Proxmire, World War II, World Wide Web, 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Expand index (99 more) »

Acceptable use policy

An acceptable use policy (AUP), acceptable usage policy or fair use policy, is a set of rules applied by the owner, creator or administrator of a network, website, or service, that restrict the ways in which the network, website or system may be used and sets guidelines as to how it should be used.

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Alan Tower Waterman

Alan Tower Waterman (June 4, 1892 – November 30, 1967) was an American physicist.

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Alexandria, Virginia

Alexandria is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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America COMPETES Act

The America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Act of 2007 or America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69) was authored by Bart Gordon and signed by President George W. Bush; it became law on 9 August 2007.

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American Association for the Advancement of Science

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.

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Antarctic Treaty System

The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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Anthropology

Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.

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Applied science

Applied science is the application of existing scientific knowledge to practical applications, like technology or inventions.

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Arecibo Observatory

The Arecibo Observatory is a radio telescope in the municipality of Arecibo, Puerto Rico.

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Arlington County, Virginia

Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia, often referred to simply as Arlington or Arlington, Virginia.

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Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.

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Astronomy

Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.

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Basic research

Basic research, also called pure research or fundamental research, has the scientific research aim to improve scientific theories for improved understanding or prediction of natural or other phenomena.

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Capital Jury Project

The Capital Jury Project (CJP) is a consortium of university-based research studies on the decision-making of jurors in death penalty cases in the United States.

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Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education

The Center for Microbial Oceanography (C-MORE) is a research and education organization established in 2006 as a National Science Foundation funded Science and Technology Center.

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Charles Babbage Institute

The Charles Babbage Institute is a research center at the University of Minnesota specializing in the history of information technology, particularly the history of digital computing, programming/software, and computer networking since 1935.

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Computer science

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.

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CRDF Global

CRDF Global is an "independent nonprofit organization that promotes safety, security, and sustainability through science and innovation." CRDF Global was authorized by the U.S. Congress in 1992 under the FREEDOM Support Act and established in 1995 by the National Science Foundation.

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Dark energy

In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe.

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DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.

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Data science

Data science is an interdisciplinary field that uses scientific methods, processes, algorithms and systems to extract knowledge and insights from data in various forms, both structured and unstructured, similar to data mining.

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Deep Sea Drilling Project

The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) was an ocean drilling project operated from 1968 to 1983.

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Digital library

A digital library, digital repository, or digital collection, is an online database of digital objects that can include text, still images, audio, video, or other digital media formats.

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Earth science

Earth science or geoscience is a widely embraced term for the fields of natural science related to the planet Earth.

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Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Elbert D. Thomas

Elbert Duncan Thomas (June 17, 1883February 11, 1953) was a Democratic Party politician from Utah.

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Engineering

Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.

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Engineering education

Engineering education is the activity of teaching knowledge and principles to the professional practice of engineering.

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Environmental science

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary academic field that integrates physical, biological and information sciences (including ecology, biology, physics, chemistry, plant science, zoology, mineralogy, oceanology, limnology, soil science, geology and physical geography (geodesy), and atmospheric science) to the study of the environment, and the solution of environmental problems.

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Federal Register

The Federal Register (FR or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices.

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Federal Statistical System of the United States

The Federal Statistical System of the United States is the decentralized network of federal agencies which produce data about the people, economy, natural resources, and infrastructure of the United States.

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Fox News

Fox News (officially known as the Fox News Channel, commonly abbreviated to FNC) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel owned by the Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.

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France A. Córdova

France Anne-Dominic Córdova (born August 5, 1947) is an American astrophysicist and administrator, who is the fourteenth director of the National Science Foundation.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Sr. (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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Funding of science

Research funding is a term generally covering any funding for scientific research, in the areas of both "hard" science and technology and social science.

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Gemini Observatory

The Gemini Observatory is an astronomical observatory consisting of two 8.19-metre (26.9 ft) telescopes, Gemini North and Gemini South, which are located at two separate sites in Hawaii and Chile, respectively.

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Glossary of areas of mathematics

This is a glossary of terms that are or have been considered areas of study in mathematics.

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Glossary of astronomy

This page is a glossary of astronomy.

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Glossary of biology

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of chemistry terms

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of engineering

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Glossary of physics

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Golden Fleece Award

The Golden Fleece Award (1975–1988) was a tongue-in-cheek award given to public officials in the United States for their squandering of public money, its name sardonically purloined from the actual Order of the Golden Fleece, a prestigious chivalric award created in the late-15th Century, and a play on the transitive verb fleece, as in charging excessively for goods or services.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.

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Harley M. Kilgore

Harley Martin Kilgore (January 11, 1893 – February 28, 1956) was a United States Senator from West Virginia.

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Harry S. Truman

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Howard Alexander Smith

Howard Alexander Smith (January 30, 1880October 27, 1966) was an American lawyer and politician.

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Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly Category 5 hurricane that caused catastrophic damage along the Gulf coast from central Florida to Texas, much of it due to the storm surge and levee failure.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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International Council on Nanotechnology

The International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON) is an international, multi-stakeholder group committed to developing and communicating information regarding potential environmental and health risks of nanotechnology, thereby fostering risk reduction while maximizing societal benefit.

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Jeff Flake

Jeffry Lane Flake (born December 31, 1962) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator for Arizona, elected in 2012.

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Kitt Peak

Kitt Peak (Ioligam) is a mountain in the U.S. state of Arizona, and at is the highest point in the Quinlan Mountains.

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Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire (from) is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies.

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Larry Page

Lawrence Edward Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Google with Sergey Brin.

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Linguistics

Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context.

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Lists of American institutions of higher education

Below are links to lists of institutions of higher education in the United States by state grouped by Census Region, as well as lists of institutions in United States insular areas and of American institutions located outside the United States and its territories.

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Management

Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body.

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Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.

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Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers

Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSECs) are university based research centers supported by the MRSEC Program of the Division of Materials Research at the National Science Foundation (NSF).

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Materials science

The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids.

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Mathematically Correct

Mathematically Correct was a U.S.-based website created by educators, parents, mathematicians, and scientists who were concerned about the direction of reform mathematics curricula based on NCTM standards.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Mathematics education

In contemporary education, mathematics education is the practice of teaching and learning mathematics, along with the associated scholarly research.

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Mathland

MathLand was one of several elementary mathematics curricula that were designed around the 1989 NCTM standards.

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Mid-InfraRed Technologies for Health and the Environment

Mid-Infrared Technologies for Health and the Environment (MIRTHE) is an Engineering Research Center (ERC) funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the United States.

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Mosaic (web browser)

NCSA Mosaic, or simply Mosaic, is the web browser that popularized the World Wide Web and the Internet.

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MSNBC

MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events.

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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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National Center for Supercomputing Applications

The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) is a state-federal partnership to develop and deploy national-scale cyberinfrastructure that advances research, science and engineering based in the United States of America.

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National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) was founded in 1920.

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National Defense Research Committee

The National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) was an organization created "to coordinate, supervise, and conduct scientific research on the problems underlying the development, production, and use of mechanisms and devices of warfare" in the United States from June 27, 1940, until June 28, 1941.

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National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program

The National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP) of the United States is an archival program led by the Library of Congress to archive and provide access to digital resources.

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National Digital Library Program

The Library of Congress National Digital Library Program (NDLP) is assembling a digital library of reproductions of primary source materials to support the study of the history and culture of the United States.

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National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.

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National Nanotechnology Initiative

The National Nanotechnology Initiative is a United States federal government program for the science, engineering, and technology research and development for nanoscale projects.

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National Optical Astronomy Observatory

The National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) is the United States national observatory for ground-based nighttime ultraviolet-optical-infrared (OUVIR) astronomy.

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National Radio Astronomy Observatory

The National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center of the United States National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc for the purpose of radio astronomy.

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National Science Board

The National Science Board (Board, NSB) of the United States establishes the policies of the National Science Foundation (NSF) within the framework of applicable national policies set forth by the President and the Congress.

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National Science Foundation Network

The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was a program of coordinated, evolving projects sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) beginning in 1985 to promote advanced research and education networking in the United States.

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National Science Foundation: Under the Microscope

National Science Foundation: Under the Microscope was a 73-page report released on May 26, 2011 by US Senator Tom Coburn, a conservative Republican from Oklahoma), accusing the National Science Foundation of poor management and practices, various research projects, and the social sciences.Mainstream press coverage generated a public controversy and a stir in academia.

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National Solar Observatory

The National Solar Observatory (NSO) is a United States public research institute to advance the knowledge of the physics of the Sun.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.

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New Deal

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States 1933-36, in response to the Great Depression.

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New Orleans

New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.

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NSF-GRF

The National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (NSF-GRFP) is an annual grant awarded by the National Science Foundation to approximately 2,000 students pursuing research-based Master's and doctoral degrees in the natural, social, and engineering sciences at US institutions.

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Office of Inspector General (United States)

In the United States, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) is a generic term for the oversight division of a federal or state agency aimed at preventing inefficient or illegal operations within their parent agency.

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Office of Management and Budget

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP).

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Office of Naval Research

The Office of Naval Research (ONR) is an organization within the United States Department of the Navy that coordinates, executes, and promotes the science and technology programs of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps through schools, universities, government laboratories, nonprofit organizations, and for-profit organizations.

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Office of Scientific Research and Development

The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) was an agency of the United States federal government created to coordinate scientific research for military purposes during World War II.

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Ozone depletion

Ozone depletion describes two related events observed since the late 1970s: a steady lowering of about four percent in the total amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere(the ozone layer), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone around Earth's polar regions.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

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Political science

Political science is a social science which deals with systems of governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, and political behavior.

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Populism

In politics, populism refers to a range of approaches which emphasise the role of "the people" and often juxtapose this group against "the elite".

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Principles and Standards for School Mathematics

Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (PSSM) are guidelines produced by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) in 2000, setting forth recommendations for mathematics educators.

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Purdue University

Purdue University is a public research university in West Lafayette, Indiana and is the flagship campus of the Purdue University system.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Research

Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.

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Research Experiences for Teachers

Research Experiences for Teachers (RET) is a National Science Foundation (NSF) program designed to improve science educators by exposing them to research.

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Research Experiences for Undergraduates

Research Experiences for Undergraduates (or REUs) are competitive summer research programs in the United States for undergraduates studying science, engineering, or mathematics.

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Return on investment

Return on investment (ROI) is the ratio between the net profit and cost of investment resulting from an investment of some resource.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Science and Technology Policy Institute

The Science and Technology Policy Institute (STPI) is a Federally funded research and development center located in Washington, D.C. STPI provides objective research and analysis on science and technology policy issues in support of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), as well as for its sponsor, the National Science Foundation, and other science-performing Federal agencies.

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Science education

Science education is the field concerned with sharing science content and process with individuals not traditionally considered part of the scientific community.

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Science of science policy

The science of science policy (SoSP) is an emerging interdisciplinary research area that seeks to develop theoretical and empirical models of the scientific enterprise.

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Scientific literacy

Scientific literacy or Science literacy encompasses written, numerical, and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science, its methodology, observations, and theories.

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Scientific method

Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.

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SedDB

SedDB is an online data management and information system for sediment geochemistry.

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Sergey Brin

Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин; born August 21, 1973) is a Russian-born American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur.

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Social science

Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture.

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Sputnik 1

Sputnik 1 (or; "Satellite-1", or "PS-1", Простейший Спутник-1 or Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1, "Elementary Satellite 1") was the first artificial Earth satellite.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Technology education

Technology education is the study of technology, in which students "learn about the processes and knowledge related to technology".

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Tokyo

, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.

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Tom Coburn

Thomas Allen Coburn (born March 14, 1948) is an American politician and medical doctor.

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Transformative research

Transformative research is a term that became increasingly common within the science policy community in the 2000s for research that shifts or breaks existing scientific paradigms.

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Tucson, Arizona

Tucson is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona.

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United States Antarctic Program

The United States Antarctic Program (or USAP; formerly known as the United States Antarctic Research Program or USARP and the United States Antarctic Service or USAS) is an organization of the United States government which has presence in the continent of Antarctica.

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United States Atomic Energy Commission

The United States Atomic Energy Commission, commonly known as the AEC, was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by U.S. Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology.

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United States dollar

The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.

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United States federal government shutdown of 2013

From October 1 to October 17, 2013, the United States federal government entered a shutdown and curtailed most routine operations because neither legislation appropriating funds for fiscal year 2014 nor a continuing resolution for the interim authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 2014 was enacted in time.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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University of Oregon

The University of Oregon (also referred to as UO, U of O or Oregon) is a public flagship research university in Eugene, Oregon.

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USA.gov

USA.gov is the official web portal of the United States federal government.

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USAFacts

USAFacts (circa 2017) is a non-profit organization and website which offers a non-partisan portrait of the US population, its government’s finances, and government’s impact on society.

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Vannevar Bush

Vannevar Bush (March 11, 1890 – June 28, 1974) was an American engineer, inventor and science administrator, who during World War II headed the U.S. Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), through which almost all wartime military R&D was carried out, including initiation and early administration of the Manhattan Project.

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Virginia

Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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Warren Magnuson

Warren Grant "Maggie" Magnuson (April 12, 1905May 20, 1989) was an American lawyer and politician.

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William Proxmire

Edward William "Bill" Proxmire (November 11, 1915 – December 15, 2005) was an American politician.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet.

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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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Redirects here:

Criticism of the National Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (NSF), National Science Foundation (USA), National Science Foundation Act, Nsf.gov, U.S. National Science Foundation, US National Science Foundation, USA National Science Foundation, United States National Science Foundation.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Science_Foundation

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