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Ojibwe

Index Ojibwe

The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, which is referred to by many of its Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island. [1]

440 relations: Aamjiwnaang First Nation, Abenaki, Adam Beach, Agrimonia gryposepala, Al Hunter (writer), Albert Smoke, Alberta, Alfred Michael "Chief" Venne, Algonquian languages, Algonquian peoples, Algonquin people, Allium tricoccum, American Revolutionary War, Amikwa people, Anishinaabe, Anishinaabe clan system, Antennaria howellii, Aroland First Nation, Arron Asham, Arrowhead Region, Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation, Atikameksheng Anishnawbek First Nation, Atlantic Ocean, Aysh-ke-bah-ke-ko-zhay, Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Basil H. Johnston, Batchewana First Nation of Ojibways, Bay Mills Indian Community, Bear, Beausoleil First Nation, Beautifying Bird, Benjamin Chee Chee, Beshekee, Biinjitiwabik Zaaging Anishnabek First Nation, Birch bark, Blackfoot language, Bloodvein First Nation, Bois Forte Band of Chippewa, British Columbia, Brown bullhead, Buffalo Sabres, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Canada, Canadian French, Canadian Indian residential school system, Canoe, Cara Gee, Carl Beam, Carole LaFavor, ..., Cat Lake First Nation, Catholic Church, Celiac plexus, Chapleau Ojibway First Nation, Chequamegon Bay, Cherokee, Cheyenne language, Chief Bender, Chippewa Cree, Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation, Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation, Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation, Chippewas of Rama First Nation, Chippewas of Saugeen Ojibway Territory, Chippewas of the Thames First Nation, Choctaw, Chris Simon, Clan, Clyde Bellecourt, Cody McCormick, Colorado Avalanche, Copper, Council of Three Fires, Coureur des bois, Cowry, Crane (bird), Creation myth, Cree, Cree language, Crystal Shawanda, Cucurbita, Curve Lake First Nation, Dakota people, David Treuer, David W. Anderson, Decoction, Dennis Banks, Detroit, Dokis First Nation, Dreamcatcher, Drew Hayden Taylor, Duluth, Minnesota, E. Donald Two-Rivers, Eabametoong First Nation, Ear Falls, Eastman Johnson, Eddy Cobiness, English language, Epic poetry, Eric Schweig, Ethnobotany, Exonym and endonym, First Nations, First Treaty of Prairie du Chien, Fishing, Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Francis Assikinack, Francis Pegahmagabow, Frank Dufina, French and Indian War, French people, French River (Ontario), Fur trade, Gangrene, Garden River First Nation, Gary Sargent, George Bonga, George Catlin, George Copway, George Morrison (artist), Georgian Bay, Gerald Vizenor, Gordon Henry, Grand Council of Treaty 3, Grand Portage Indian Reservation, Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Great Lakes, Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission, Great Peace of Montreal, Great Plains, Hanging Cloud, Henry Boucha, Henry Schoolcraft, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Henvey Inlet First Nation, History of Native Americans in the United States, History of the Indian Tribes of North America, Hopewell tradition, Hunting, Huron Tract, Illinois, Indian removal, Indian reservation, Indiana, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Infusion, Inuit languages, Iroquois, Iroquois kinship, Islands in the Trent Waters 36A, Jack Adams Award, James Bartleman, James Bay, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, Jay Treaty, Jim Denomie, Jim Northrup (writer), Joe Lumsden, John Smith (Chippewa Indian), Jordan Nolan, Juniper, Kansas, Kathleen Annette, Kechewaishke, Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation, Keewaydinoquay Peschel, Keith Secola, Kelly Church, Kenora, Keweenaw Peninsula, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kinship, Kraig Grady, L'Anse Indian Reservation, La Pointe, Wisconsin, Lac Courte Oreilles, Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians, Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation, Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Lac La Croix First Nation, Lac Seul First Nation, Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Nipigon, Lake Nipissing, Lake of the Woods, Lake Simcoe–Lake Huron Purchase, Lake Superior, Lake Superior Chippewa, Lakota people, Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, Leonard Peltier, List of Ojibwa ethnonyms, List of U.S. state and tribal wilderness areas, Little Bear (Native American leader), Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana, Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, Loma Lyns, Los Angeles Kings, Louise Erdrich, Mackinac Bands of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians, Magnetawan First Nation, Maize, Manitoba, Manitoulin Island, Maple sugar, Mattagami First Nation, Maude Kegg, Maumee River, Medicinal plants, Medicine wheel, Medweganoonind, Mel Pervais, Menominee language, Meskwaki, Methodism, Mi'kmaq, Michigan, Michigan Territory, Midewiwin, Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, Mille Lacs Indians, Minnesota, Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Mishkeegogamang First Nation, Mississagi River, Mississauga First Nation, Mississaugas, Mississippi River, Mississippi River Band of Chippewa Indians, Moccasin, Montreal, Moose, Murray Sinclair, Muskrat Dam Lake First Nation, Naotkamegwanning First Nation, National Hockey League, Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, Native Americans in the United States, Navajo language, Navajo Nation, Niagara Falls, Nipissing First Nation, Nishnawbe Aski Nation, Nobel, Ontario, North America, North Caribou Lake First Nation, North Dakota, Northern pintail, Northwest Angle, Norval Morrisseau, Odawa, Odell Borg, Ohio, Oji-Cree, Ojibway Nation of Saugeen, Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation, Ojibwe, Ojibwe language, Ontario, Oral history, Oral tradition, Ottawa, Ottawa River, Ozaawindib, Pacific Northwest, Parallel and cross cousins, Patrick DesJarlait, Patrilineality, PBS, Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians, Penetanguishene Bay Purchase, Peter Jones (missionary), Petroform, Petroglyph, Phil Fontaine, Philip B. Gordon, Pictogram, Pikangikum First Nation, Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians, Pinus strobus, Pittsburgh Penguins, Pleurisy, Pontiac's War, Poplar Hill First Nation, Poplar River First Nation, Potawatomi, Potawatomi language, Pow wow, Prairie, Proto-Algonquian language, Public Radio Exchange, Pun Plamondon, Quebec, Rainbow Country, Rainy Lake, Rainy Lake and River Bands of Saulteaux, Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario), Raven Davis, Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, Red Lake Indian Reservation, Red River of the North, Restoule River, Ribes glandulosum, Richard Wagamese, Rio Grande, Ritual, Robinson Treaty, Rocky Boy (Chippewa leader), Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation, Rod Michano, Roy Thomas, Royal Proclamation of 1763, Ruth Landes, Sagamok Anishnawbek First Nation, Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation, Sagittaria cuneata, Saint Lawrence River, Saint Louis River, Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa, Sandy Lake First Nation, Sandy Lake Tragedy, Saskatchewan, Saugeen First Nation, Saugeen Tract Agreement, Sauk people, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Saulteaux, Scroll, Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien, Sedentism, Serpent River First Nation, Seven Years' War, Shakopee (Dakota leaders), Shamanism, Shawnee language, Silene latifolia, Sioux, Slate Falls First Nation, Society of Jesus, Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Solidago rigida, Southeast Michigan, Southern Ontario, St. Croix Chippewa Indians, St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota), Sun Dance, Superior, Wisconsin, Sweat lodge, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae, T. J. Oshie, Ted Nolan, Ted St. Germaine, The Song of Hiawatha, Third gender, Thomas David Petite, Thunder Bay, Thunderbird (mythology), Tommy Prince, Toponymy, Toronto Purchase, Totem, Treaty, Treaty 1, Treaty 2, Treaty 3, Treaty 4, Treaty 5, Treaty 6, Treaty 8, Treaty 9, Treaty of Brownstown, Treaty of Chicago, Treaty of Detroit, Treaty of Detroit (1855), Treaty of Fond du Lac, Treaty of Fort Harmar, Treaty of Fort McIntosh, Treaty of Fort Meigs, Treaty of Greenville, Treaty of La Pointe, Treaty of Old Crossing, Treaty of Saginaw, Treaty of Springwells, Treaty of St. Louis (1816), Treaty of St. Mary's, Treaty of St. Peters, Treaty of Washington (1836), Treaty of Washington (1855), Trixie Mattel, Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada), Tumulus, Turtle Island (North America), Turtle Mountain (plateau), Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians, Two-spirit, Union of Ontario Indians, United States, United States Hockey Hall of Fame, University of Oklahoma Press, Untouchables (law enforcement), Upper Canada, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Uvularia grandiflora, Vernon Bellecourt, Viola canadensis, Virgil Hill, Vomiting, Voyageurs, Wabanquot (Chippewa chief), Wabaseemoong Independent Nations, Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation, Wabun Tribal Council, Wahnapitae First Nation, Walpole Island First Nation, War of 1812, Wawatam, Wayne Keon, White Earth Band of Ojibwe, Whitesand First Nation, Wigwam, Wiigwaasabak, Wikwemikong First Nation, Wild rice, William Hull, William Jennings Gardner, William Whipple Warren, Willow, Winona LaDuke, Wisconsin, Wisconsin River, Woodlands style, World Digital Library, Wyandot people, Zheewegonab, 1854 Treaty Authority. Expand index (390 more) »

Aamjiwnaang First Nation

The Aamjiwnaang First Nation (or also known as Chippewas of Sarnia First Nation) is an Ojibwe First Nation band government in southwestern Ontario, Canada.

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Abenaki

The Abenaki (Abnaki, Abinaki, Alnôbak) are a Native American tribe and First Nation.

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Adam Beach

Adam Beach (born November 11, 1972) is a Saulteaux actor.

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Agrimonia gryposepala

Agrimonia gryposepala (commonly known as tall hairy agrimony, Retrieved 2010-03-13. common agrimony, hooked agrimony, or tall hairy grooveburr) is a small perennial flowering plant of the rose family (Rosaceae), which is native to North America.

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Al Hunter (writer)

Al Hunter is an Anishinaabe writer who has published poetry in books and journals, taught extensively, and performed internationally.

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Albert Smoke

Albert Smoke (March 1894 – December 22, 1944) was a Canadian long-distance runner.

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Alberta

Alberta is a western province of Canada.

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Alfred Michael "Chief" Venne

Alfred Michael Venne (1879–1971) was an Ojibwa (Chippewa) Native American.

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Algonquian languages

The Algonquian languages (or; also Algonkian) are a subfamily of Native American languages which includes most of the languages in the Algic language family.

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Algonquian peoples

The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups.

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Algonquin people

The Algonquins are indigenous inhabitants of North America who speak the Algonquin language, a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe language, which is part of the Algonquian language family.

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Allium tricoccum

Allium tricoccum (commonly known as ramp, ramps, spring onion, ramson, wild leek, wood leek, and wild garlic) is a North American species of wild onion widespread across eastern Canada and the eastern United States.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.

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Amikwa people

The Amikwa (Ojibwe: Amikwaa, "Beaver People"; from amik, "beaver"), also as Amicouës, Amikouet, etc., were a Native American clan, one of the first recognized by Europeans in the 17th century.

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Anishinaabe

Anishinaabe (or Anishinabe, plural: Anishinaabeg) is the autonym for a group of culturally related indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States that are the Odawa, Ojibwe (including Mississaugas), Potawatomi, Oji-Cree, and Algonquin peoples.

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Anishinaabe clan system

The Anishinaabe, like most Algonquian-speaking groups in North America, base their system of kinship on patrilineal clans or totems.

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Antennaria howellii

Antennaria howellii (everlasting or Howell's pussytoes) is a North American species in the genus Antennaria within the sunflower family.

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Aroland First Nation

Aroland First Nation (2006 Population 325) is an Ojibwa and Oji-Cree First Nation within the Nishnawbe Aski Nation Territory and a signatory to Treaty 9, located in the Thunder Bay District approximately 20 kilometres west of Nakina.

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Arron Asham

Arron Miles Asham (born April 13, 1978) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL).

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Arrowhead Region

The Arrowhead Region is located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Minnesota, so called because of its pointed shape.

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Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation

Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (also known as Grassy Narrows First Nation or the Asabiinyashkosiwagong Nitam-Anishinaabeg in the Anishinaabe language) is an Ojibway First Nation band government who inhabit northern Kenora in Ontario, Canada.

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Atikameksheng Anishnawbek First Nation

Atikameksheng Anishnawbek (Anishinaabe language: Adikamegosheng Anishinaabeg, syncoped as Dikmegsheng Nishnaabeg), formerly known as the Whitefish Lake First Nation, is an Ojibway First Nation in northern Ontario, Canada.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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Aysh-ke-bah-ke-ko-zhay

Aysh-ke-bah-ke-ko-zhay (or Aish-Ke-Vo-Go-Zhe, from Eshkibagikoonzhe, " having a leaf-green bill" in Anishinaabe language; also known as "Flat Mouth" (Gueule Platte), a nickname given by French fur traders) was a powerful Ojibwe chief who traveled to Washington, D.C. in 1855, along with Beshekee and other Ojibwa leaders, to negotiate the cession of ten million acres (40,000 km²) including the headwaters of the Mississippi in northern Minnesota.

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Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians

The Bad River Lapointe Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians are a federally recognized tribe of Ojibwe people.

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Basil H. Johnston

Basil H. Johnston (13 July 1929 – 8 September 2015) was a Canadian writer, storyteller, language teacher and scholar.

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Batchewana First Nation of Ojibways

The Batchewana First Nation of Ojibways is an Ojibway First Nation in northern Ontario.

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Bay Mills Indian Community

The Bay Mills Indian Community (BMIC), known in Ojibwe as Gnoozhekaaning (Place of the Pike), is an Indian reservation forming the land base of one of the many Sault Ste.

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Bear

Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae.

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Beausoleil First Nation

The Beausoleil First Nation is mainly a Chippewa First Nations band government located in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada.

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Beautifying Bird

Chief Beautifying Bird or Dressing Bird (Nay-naw-ong-gay-be, Na-naw-ong-ga-be, or Ne-na-nang-eb (Nenaa'angebi in the Fiero orthography of Ojibwe), meaning " Fixes-up Its Wing-feathers"), (1794–1855) was a principal chief of the Prairie Rice Lake Band of the Lake Superior Chippewa, originally located near Rice Lake, Wisconsin.

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Benjamin Chee Chee

Kenneth Thomas Chee Chee (March 26, 1944 – March 11, 1977), known as Benjamin Chee Chee, was a Canadian artist of Ojibwa descent.

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Beshekee

This article is about the Ojibwe chief from Leech Lake.

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Biinjitiwabik Zaaging Anishnabek First Nation

The Biinjitiwaabik Zaaging Anishinaabek (formerly known as Rocky Bay First Nation, and occasionally known as Biinjitiwaabik Zaagiing Anishinaabeg) is an Ojibway First Nation band government in Northwestern Ontario, Canada.

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Birch bark

Birch bark or birchbark is the bark of several Eurasian and North American birch trees of the genus Betula.

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Blackfoot language

The Blackfoot language, also called Siksiká (ᓱᖽᐧᖿ, its denomination in ISO 639-3), (Siksiká siksiká, syllabics ᓱᖽᐧᖿ), often anglicised as Siksika, is an Algonquian language spoken by the Niitsitapi people, who currently live in the northwestern plains of North America.

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Bloodvein First Nation

The Bloodvein First Nation is located on the east side of Lake Winnipeg, along the Bloodvein River in Manitoba, Canada.

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Bois Forte Band of Chippewa

Bois Forte Band of Chippewa (Ojibwe language: Zagaakwaandagowininiwag, "Men of the Thick Fir-woods"; commonly but erroneously shortened to Zagwaandagaawininiwag, "Men of the Thick Boughs") are an Ojibwe Band located in northern Minnesota, along the border between the United States and Canada.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

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Brown bullhead

The brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) is a fish of the Ictaluridae family that is widely distributed in North America.

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Buffalo Sabres

The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo, New York.

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Buffy Sainte-Marie

Buffy Sainte-Marie, OC (born Beverly Sainte-Marie, February 20, 1941) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, musician, composer, visual artist, educator, pacifist, and social activist.

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Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians

The Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians is an historic small State of Michigan-recognized band of Indians who live mostly in Emmet and Cheboygan counties.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canadian French

Canadian French (français canadien) refers to a variety of dialects of the French language generally spoken in Canada.

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Canadian Indian residential school system

In Canada, the Indian residential school system was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples.

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Canoe

A canoe is a lightweight narrow vessel, typically pointed at both ends and open on top, propelled by one or more seated or kneeling paddlers facing the direction of travel using a single-bladed paddle.

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Cara Gee

Cara Gee is a Canadian film, television, and stage actress.

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Carl Beam

Carl Beam R.C.A. (May 24, 1943 – July 30, 2005), born Carl Edward Migwans, made Canadian art history as the first artist of Native Ancestry (Ojibwe), to have his work purchased by the National Gallery of Canada as Contemporary Art.

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Carole LaFavor

Carole S. LaFavor was an Ojibwe novelist, activist and nurse.

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Cat Lake First Nation

Cat Lake First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation reserve approximately 180 kilometres northwest of Sioux Lookout in northwestern Ontario, Canada, located on the central north shore of Cat Lake.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Celiac plexus

The celiac plexus or coeliac plexus, also known as the solar plexus because of its radiating nerve fibers, is a complex network of nerves (a nerve plexus) located in the abdomen, near where the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and renal arteries branch from the abdominal aorta.

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Chapleau Ojibway First Nation

Chapleau Ojibway First Nation is an Ojibwa First Nation located near Chapleau Township, Sudbury District, Ontario, Canada.

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Chequamegon Bay

Chequamegon Bay is an inlet of Lake Superior, NE-SW and 2- wide, in Ashland and Bayfield counties in the extreme northern part of Wisconsin.

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Cherokee

The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Cheyenne language

The Cheyenne language (Tsėhésenėstsestȯtse), or Tsisinstsistots, is the Native American language spoken by the Cheyenne people, predominantly in present-day Montana and Oklahoma, in the United States.

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Chief Bender

Charles Albert "Chief" Bender (May 5, 1884There is uncertainty about Bender's birthdate. He was voted the SABR "Centennial Celebrity" of 1983, as the best baseball player or figure born in 1883. However, the SABR Baseball Research Journal for 1983 acknowledges that there are discrepancies in records about Bender's birth year, ranging from 1883 to 1885. 1884 is the figure most often given. – May 22, 1954) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball during the 1910s and 1920s.

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Chippewa Cree

The Chippewa-Cree Tribe is a federally recognized tribe on the Rocky Boy Reservation in Montana who are descendants of Cree who migrated south from Canada and Chippewa (Ojibwe) who moved west from the Turtle Mountains in North Dakota in the late nineteenth century.

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Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation

York Region showing Fox, Snake, and Georgina islands. Georgina Island, Lake Simcoe, Ontario The Chippewas of Georgina Island First Nation are an Ojibwa (or Anishinaabeg) people located on Georgina Island in Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada.

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Chippewas of Kettle and Stony Point First Nation

Kettle Point 44 is an Indigenous reserve northeast of Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, on the southern shore of Lake Huron.

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Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation

Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation formerly "Cape Croker" is an Ojibway First Nations reserve on unceded territory in the Bruce Peninsula in Ontario, Canada.

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Chippewas of Rama First Nation

Chippewas of Rama First Nation, also known as Chippewas of Mnjikaning and Chippewas of Rama Mnjikaning First Nation, is an Anishinaabe (Ojibway) First Nation located in the province of Ontario in Canada.

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Chippewas of Saugeen Ojibway Territory

Chippewas of Saugeen Ojibway Territory, also known as the Saugeen Ojibway Nation Territory, is the name applied to Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation and Saugeen First Nation as a collective.

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Chippewas of the Thames First Nation

Chippewas of the Thames First Nation is an Anishinaabe (Ojibway) First Nations band government located west of St. Thomas, in southwest Ontario, Canada.

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Choctaw

The Choctaw (in the Choctaw language, Chahta)Common misspellings and variations in other languages include Chacta, Tchakta and Chocktaw.

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Chris Simon

Christopher J. Simon (born January 30, 1972) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey left winger, who played 20 seasons of ice hockey: 15 seasons in the NHL and 5 seasons in the Kontinental Hockey League.

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Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

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Clyde Bellecourt

Clyde Howard Bellecourt (born May 8, 1936) is a White Earth Ojibwe civil rights organizer noted for co-founding the American Indian Movement (AIM) in 1968 with Dennis Banks, Herb Powless, and Eddie Benton Banai, among others.

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Cody McCormick

Cody McCormick (born April 18, 1983) is a former Canadian ice hockey player.

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Colorado Avalanche

The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver, Colorado.

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Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.

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Council of Three Fires

The Council of Three Fires (in Anishinaabe: Niswi-mishkodewin) are also known as the People of the Three Fires; the Three Fires Confederacy; or the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians.

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Coureur des bois

A coureur des bois or coureur de bois ("runner of the woods"; plural: coureurs de bois) was an independent entrepreneurial French-Canadian trader who traveled in New France and the interior of North America.

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Cowry

Cowry or cowrie, plural cowries, is the common name for a group of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

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Crane (bird)

Cranes are a family, Gruidae, of large, long-legged and long-necked birds in the group Gruiformes.

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Creation myth

A creation myth (or cosmogonic myth) is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it.

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Cree

The Cree (script; Cri) are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America, with over 200,000 members living in Canada.

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Cree language

Cree (also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is a dialect continuum of Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 117,000 people across Canada, from the Northwest Territories to Alberta to Labrador.

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Crystal Shawanda

Crystal Shawanda (born July 26, 1983) is a Canadian country music artist.

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Cucurbita

Cucurbita (Latin for gourd) is a genus of herbaceous vines in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae, also known as cucurbits, native to the Andes and Mesoamerica.

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Curve Lake First Nation

The Curve Lake First Nation is Mississauga Ojibway First Nation located in Peterborough County of Ontario.

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Dakota people

The Dakota people are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America.

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David Treuer

David Treuer (born 1970) (Ojibwe) is an American writer, critic and academic.

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David W. Anderson

David W. "Famous Dave" Anderson, best known as the founder of the Famous Dave's restaurant chain, is the former Assistant Secretary - Indian Affairs in the Department of the Interior, with jurisdiction over the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Office of Indian Education Programs (now the Bureau of Indian Education).

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Decoction

Decoction is a method of extraction by boiling herbal or plant material to dissolve the chemicals of the material, which may include stems, roots, bark and rhizomes.

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Dennis Banks

Dennis Banks (Ojibwe, April 12, 1937 – October 29, 2017) was a Native American activist, teacher, and author.

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Detroit

Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the largest city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of Wayne County.

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Dokis First Nation

Dokis 9 is a First Nations reserve and community in the Canadian province of Ontario, assigned to the Dokis First Nation.

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Dreamcatcher

In some Native American cultures, a dreamcatcher or dream catcher (asabikeshiinh, the inanimate form of the word for "spider") is a handmade willow hoop, on which is woven a net or web.

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Drew Hayden Taylor

Drew Hayden Taylor (born 1 July 1962) is a Canadian playwright, author and journalist.

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Duluth, Minnesota

Duluth is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County.

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E. Donald Two-Rivers

E.

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Eabametoong First Nation

Eabametoong, also known as Fort Hope or Eabamet Lake by Canada Post, is an Ojibway First Nation band government in Kenora District, Ontario, Canada.

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Ear Falls

Ear Falls is a community and township located in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, on the right bank of the English River near the outlet of Lac Seul.

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Eastman Johnson

Jonathan Eastman Johnson (July 29, 1824 – April 5, 1906) was an American painter and co-founder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, with his name inscribed at its entrance.

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Eddy Cobiness

Eddy Cobiness, (July 17, 1933 – January 1, 1996) was a Canadian artist.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Epic poetry

An epic poem, epic, epos, or epopee is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily involving a time beyond living memory in which occurred the extraordinary doings of the extraordinary men and women who, in dealings with the gods or other superhuman forces, gave shape to the moral universe that their descendants, the poet and his audience, must understand to understand themselves as a people or nation.

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Eric Schweig

Eric Schweig (born Ray Dean Thrasher on 19 June 1967) is an Inuit and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe Indigenous Canadian actor best known for his role as Chingachgook's son Uncas in The Last of the Mohicans (1992).

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Ethnobotany

Ethnobotany is the study of a region's plants and their practical uses through the traditional knowledge of a local culture and people.

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Exonym and endonym

An exonym or xenonym is an external name for a geographical place, or a group of people, an individual person, or a language or dialect.

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First Nations

In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

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First Treaty of Prairie du Chien

The Treaty of Prairie du Chien may refer to any of several treaties made and signed in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin between the United States, representatives from the Sioux, Sac and Fox, Menominee, Ioway, Winnebago and the Anishinaabeg (Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi) Native American peoples.

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Fishing

Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.

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Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (or Wayekwaa-gichigamiing Gichigamiwininiwag in the Ojibwe language, meaning "Lake Superior Men at the far end of the Great Lake") is an Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) band located near Cloquet, Minnesota.

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Francis Assikinack

Francis Assikinack (18241863) was a 19th-century Ojibwe historian.

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Francis Pegahmagabow

Francis Pegahmagabow MM & two bars (March 8, 1889 – August 5, 1952) was the most effective sniper of World War I. Three times awarded the Military Medal and seriously wounded, he was an expert marksman and scout, credited with killing 378 Germans and capturing 300 more.

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Frank Dufina

Frank Dufina (June 30, 1884 – August 11, 1972) was an American professional golfer of Chippewa descent in the early years of the sport in the United States.

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French and Indian War

The French and Indian War (1754–63) comprised the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War of 1756–63.

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French people

The French (Français) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France.

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French River (Ontario)

The French River (Rivière des Français or in Ojibway Wemitigoj-Sibi) is a river in Central Ontario, Canada.

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Fur trade

The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur.

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Gangrene

Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.

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Garden River First Nation

Garden River First Nation, also known as Ketegaunseebee (Gitigaan-ziibi Anishinaabe in the Ojibwe language), is an Ojibwa band located at Garden River 14 near Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.

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Gary Sargent

Gary Alan Sargent (born February 18, 1954 in Red Lake, Minnesota and raised in Bemidji, Minnesota) is a retired American professional ice hockey defenseman who played 402 games in the National Hockey League between 1975–1983.

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George Bonga

George Bonga (August 20, 1802 – 1880) was a Black Indian fur trader, one of the first people of African descent born in the part of the Northwest Territory that later became the State of Minnesota.

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George Catlin

George Catlin (July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872) was an American painter, author, and traveler, who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West.

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George Copway

George Copway (1818 – January 1869) was a Mississaugas Ojibwa writer, ethnographer, Methodist missionary, lecturer, and advocate of indigenous peoples.

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George Morrison (artist)

George Morrison (1919 – April 17, 2000) was an American landscape painter and sculptor.

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Georgian Bay

Georgian Bay (French: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, located entirely within Ontario, Canada.

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Gerald Vizenor

Gerald Robert Vizenor (born 1934) is an Anishinaabe writer and scholar, and an enrolled member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, White Earth Reservation.

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Gordon Henry

Gordon Henry(born 1955) is a poet and fiction writer.

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Grand Council of Treaty 3

Grand Council of Treaty 3 (GCT3) is a political organization representing 24 First Nation communities across Treaty 3 areas of northern Ontario and southeastern Manitoba, Canada, and additional 4 First Nations, specifically in regard to their Treaty rights.

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Grand Portage Indian Reservation

The Grand Portage Indian Reservation (Ojibwe language: Gichi-onigamiing) is located in Cook County near the tip of Minnesota's Arrowhead Region in the extreme northeast part of the state.

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Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians

The Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe located in northwest Michigan.

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Great Lakes

The Great Lakes (les Grands-Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River.

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Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission

The Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC) is an intertribal, co-management agency committed to the implementation of off-reservation treaty rights on behalf of its eleven-member Ojibwa tribes.

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Great Peace of Montreal

The Great Peace of Montreal (La Grande paix de Montréal) was a peace treaty between New France and 39 First Nations of North America.

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Great Plains

The Great Plains (sometimes simply "the Plains") is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe, and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie in the United States and east of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. and Canada.

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Hanging Cloud

Hanging Cloud (known in Ojibwe as Aazhawigiizhigokwe meaning "Goes Across the Sky Woman" or as Ashwiyaa meaning "Arms oneself") was an Ojibwe woman who was a full warrior (ogichidaakwe in Ojibwe) among her people, and claimed by the Wisconsin Historical Society as the only woman to ever become one.

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Henry Boucha

Henry Charles Boucha (born June 1, 1951) is a retired American professional ice hockey centerman.

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Henry Schoolcraft

Henry Rowe Schoolcraft (March 28, 1793 – December 10, 1864) was an American geographer, geologist, and ethnologist, noted for his early studies of Native American cultures, as well as for his 1832 expedition to the source of the Mississippi River.

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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline.

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Henvey Inlet First Nation

Henvey Inlet First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nations band government in Ontario, Canada.

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History of Native Americans in the United States

The history of Native Americans in the United States began in ancient times tens of thousands of years ago with the settlement of the Americas by the Paleo-Indians.

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History of the Indian Tribes of North America

The History of the Indian Tribes of North America is a three-volume collection of Native American biographies and accompanying lithograph portraits originally published in the United States from 1836 to 1844 by Thomas McKenney and James Hall.

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Hopewell tradition

The Hopewell tradition (also called the Hopewell culture) describes the common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 100 BCE to 500 CE, in the Middle Woodland period.

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Hunting

Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping animals, or pursuing or tracking them with the intent of doing so.

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Huron Tract

The Huron Tract Purchase also known as the Huron Block, registered as Crown Treaty Number 29, is a large area of land in southwestern Ontario bordering on Lake Huron to the west and Lake Erie to the east.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Indian removal

Indian removal was a forced migration in the 19th century whereby Native Americans were forced by the United States government to leave their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, specifically to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, modern Oklahoma).

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Indian reservation

An Indian reservation is a legal designation for an area of land managed by a federally recognized Native American tribe under the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs rather than the state governments of the United States in which they are physically located.

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Indiana

Indiana is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Infusion

Infusion is the process of extracting chemical compounds or flavors from plant material in a solvent such as water, oil or alcohol, by allowing the material to remain suspended in the solvent over time (a process often called steeping).

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Inuit languages

The Inuit languages are a closely related group of indigenous American languages traditionally spoken across the North American Arctic and to some extent in the subarctic in Labrador.

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Iroquois

The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.

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Iroquois kinship

Iroquois kinship (also known as bifurcate merging) is a kinship system named after the Haudenosaunee people that were previously known as Iroquois and whose kinship system was the first one described to use this particular type of system.

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Islands in the Trent Waters 36A

Islands in the Trent Waters 36A is a First Nations reserve about 15 kilometres north of Peterborough, Ontario, Canada, on scattered islands in the Kawartha lakes, including Buckhorn Lake, Pigeon Lake, Lower Buckhorn Lake, Lovesick Lake and Stony Lake.

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Jack Adams Award

The Jack Adams Award is awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) coach "adjudged to have contributed the most to his team's success." The league's Coach of the Year award has been presented 40 times to 34 different coaches.

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James Bartleman

James Karl Bartleman, (born 24 December 1939 in Orillia, Ontario) is a Canadian diplomat, author, and was the 27th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 2002 to 2007.

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James Bay

James Bay (Baie James, Wînipekw) is a large body of water on the southern end of Hudson Bay in Canada.

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Jane Johnston Schoolcraft

Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, also known as Bamewawagezhikaquay (January 31, 1800 – May 22, 1842) is the first known American Indian literary writer.

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Jay Treaty

The Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, commonly known as the Jay Treaty, and also as Jay's Treaty, was a 1795 treaty between the United States and Great Britain that averted war, resolved issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783 (which ended the American Revolutionary War), and facilitated ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792.

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Jim Denomie

Jim Denomie (born 1955) is an Ojibwe painter.

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Jim Northrup (writer)

Jim Northrup (April 28, 1943 – August 1, 2016) was an Anishinaabe (Native American) newspaper columnist, poet, performer, and political commentator from the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation in Minnesota.

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Joe Lumsden

Joe Lumsden (born 1875) was an English footballer who played as a defender.

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John Smith (Chippewa Indian)

Chief John Smith (died February 6, 1922), also known as Gaa-binagwiiyaas (which the flesh peels off)—recorded variously as Kahbe nagwi wens, Ka-be-na-gwe-wes, Ka-be-nah-gwey-wence, Kay-bah-nung-we-way or Ga-Be-Nah-Gewn-Wonce—translated into English as "Sloughing Flesh", "Wrinkle Meat", or Old "Wrinkled Meat", was a Chippewa Indian who lived in the Cass Lake, Minnesota area.

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Jordan Nolan

Jordan Nolan (born June 23, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL).

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Juniper

Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae.

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Kansas

Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

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Kathleen Annette

Kathleen Annette (born 1955) is a public health advocate from Minnesota.

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Kechewaishke

Chief Buffalo (Ojibwe: Ke-che-waish-ke/Gichi-weshkiinh – "Great-renewer" or Peezhickee/Bizhiki – "Buffalo"; also French, Le Boeuf) (1759? – September 7, 1855) was a major Ojibwa leader born at La Pointe in the Apostle Islands group of Lake Superior, in what is now northern Wisconsin, USA.

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Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation

Keeseekoowenin Ojibway First Nation is located near Elphinstone, Manitoba on (IR) 61 which is located south of Riding Mountain National Park.

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Keewaydinoquay Peschel

Keewaydinoquay Pakawakuk Peschel was a scholar, ethnobotanist, herbalist, medicine woman, teacher and author.

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Keith Secola

Keith Secola is an award-winning figure in contemporary Native American music.

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Kelly Church

Kelly Jean Church (Match-e-benash-she-wish Potawatomi-Odawa-Ojibwe) is black ash basket maker, Woodlands style painter, birchbark biter, and educator.

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Kenora

Kenora, originally named Rat Portage (Portage-aux-Rats), is a small city situated on the Lake of the Woods in Northwestern Ontario, Canada, close to the Manitoba boundary, and about east of Winnipeg.

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Keweenaw Peninsula

The Keweenaw Peninsula (sometimes locally /ˈkiːvənɔː/) is the northernmost part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.

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Kinship

In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.

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Kraig Grady

Kraig Grady (born 1952) is a US-Australian composer/sound artist.

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L'Anse Indian Reservation

The L'Anse Indian Reservation is the land base of the federally recognized Keweenaw Bay Indian Community of the historic Lake Superior Band of Chippewa Indians.

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La Pointe, Wisconsin

La Pointe is an unincorporated community in the town of La Pointe, Ashland County, Wisconsin, United States.

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Lac Courte Oreilles

Lac Courte Oreilles is a large freshwater lake located in northwest Wisconsin in Sawyer County in townships 39 and 40 north, ranges 8 and 9 west.

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Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians

The Lac Courte Oreilles Tribe are one of six federally recognized bands of Ojibwe people located in present-day Wisconsin.

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Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation

The Lac des Mille Lacs First Nation, also known as Nizaatikoong (from Ne-azaadiikaang meaning "At a Point of Land Abundant with Poplars"), is a Saulteaux Ojibwe First Nation band government.

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Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

The Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (called Waaswaaganing in Ojibwe) are a federally recognized Ojibwa Native American tribe, with an Indian reservation lying mostly in the Town of Lac du Flambeau in south-western Vilas County, and in the Town of Sherman in south-eastern Iron County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

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Lac La Croix First Nation

Lac La Croix First Nation is a Saulteaux First Nation band government who reside in the Rainy River District of northwestern Ontario, Canada, along the Ontario-Minnesota border.

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Lac Seul First Nation

Lac Seul First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation band government located on the southeastern shores of Lac Seul, northeast of the city of Dryden, Ontario.

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Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (or the Gete-gitigaaniwininiwag in the Anishinaabe language) is a band of the Lake Superior Chippewa, many of whom reside on the Lac Vieux Desert Indian Reservation, located near Watersmeet, Michigan.

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Lake Erie

Lake Erie is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.

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Lake Huron

Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America.

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Lake Michigan

Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States.

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Lake Nipigon

Lake Nipigon (lac Nipigon; Animbiigoo-zaaga'igan) is the largest lake entirely within the boundaries of the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Lake Nipissing

Lake Nipissing (lac Nipissing) is a lake in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Lake of the Woods

Lake of the Woods (lac des Bois) is a lake occupying parts of the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba and the U.S. state of Minnesota.

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Lake Simcoe–Lake Huron Purchase

The Lake Simcoe–Lake Huron Purchase, registered as Crown Treaty Number Sixteen, was signed November 18, 1815 between the Ojibwa and the government of Upper Canada.

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Lake Superior

Lake Superior (Lac Supérieur; ᑭᑦᒉᐁ-ᑲᒣᐁ, Gitchi-Gami) is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America.

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Lake Superior Chippewa

The Lake Superior Chippewa (Anishinaabe: Gichigamiwininiwag) were a large historical band of Ojibwe (Anishinaabe) Indians living around Lake Superior; this territory is considered part of northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota in the United States.

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Lakota people

The Lakota (pronounced, Lakota language: Lakȟóta) are a Native American tribe.

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Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe

The Leech Lake Band of Ojibwe, also known as the Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians or the Leech Lake Band of Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, and as Gaa-zagaskwaajimekaag Ojibweg in the Ojibwe language, is an Ojibwe band located in Minnesota and one of six making up the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe.

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Leonard Peltier

Leonard Peltier (born September 12, 1944) is a Native American activist, a citizen of the Anishinabe & Dakota/Lakota Nations, and member of the American Indian Movement (AIM).

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List of Ojibwa ethnonyms

This is a list of various names the Ojibwa have been recorded.

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List of U.S. state and tribal wilderness areas

List of wilderness areas designated by U.S. state and tribal governments.

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Little Bear (Native American leader)

Little Bear (born Ayimâsis or Macquettoquet) was a Cree leader who lived in the Alberta, Idaho, Montana, and Saskatchewan regions of Canada and the United States, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana

Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana, also known as the Little Shell Band of Landless Chippewa Indians of Montana, is an Anishinaabe (Ojibwa) tribe recognized by the State of Montana.

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Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians

The Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (LTBBOI) is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Odawa.

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Loma Lyns

Loma Lynn Mathias, known professionally as Loma Lyns, is a Canadian country music singer-songwriter and television personality.

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Los Angeles Kings

The Los Angeles Kings are a professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles.

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Louise Erdrich

Louise Erdrich (born Karen Louise Erdrich, June 7, 1954) is an American author, writer of novels, poetry, and children's books featuring Native American characters and settings.

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Mackinac Bands of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians

The Mackinac Bands of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians is a state recognized tribe of Ojibwe and Odawa Native Americans, based in the state Michigan.

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Magnetawan First Nation

The Magnetawan First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation community in Ontario, Canada.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Manitoba

Manitoba is a province at the longitudinal centre of Canada.

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Manitoulin Island

Manitoulin Island is a Canadian lake island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario.

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Maple sugar

Maple sugar is a traditional sweetener in Canada and the northeastern United States, prepared from the sap of the maple tree ("maple sap").

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Mattagami First Nation

The Mattagami First Nation is an Anishnaabe First Nation band government - mainly Ojibwe, Oji-Cree and some Odawa - in the Canadian province of Ontario situated along the Mattagami River.

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Maude Kegg

Maude Kegg (Ojibwa name Naawakamigookwe, meaning "Centered upon the Ground Woman"; 1904–1996) was an Ojibwa writer, folk artist, and cultural interpreter.

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Maumee River

The Maumee River (pronounced) (Shawnee: Hotaawathiipi; Miami-Illinois: Taawaawa siipiiw) is a river running from northeastern Indiana into northwestern Ohio and Lake Erie in the United States.

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Medicinal plants

Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times.

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Medicine wheel

In some Native American cultures, the medicine wheel is a metaphor for a variety of spiritual concepts.

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Medweganoonind

Medweganoonind (recorded in English as Med-we-gan-on-int, meaning "Who is Heard Spoken To") was a chief of the Ojibwe Tribe at Red Lake, Minnesota.

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Mel Pervais

Melvin "Mel" Pervais is a Canadian-American business executive, entrepreneur, engineer and member of the Ojibwa Nation.

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Menominee language

Menominee (also spelled Menomini) is an Algonquian language spoken by the historic Menominee people of what is now northern Wisconsin in the United States.

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Meskwaki

The Meskwaki (sometimes spelled Mesquakie) are a Native American people often known to European-Americans as the Fox tribe.

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Methodism

Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley, an Anglican minister in England.

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Mi'kmaq

The Mi'kmaq or Mi'gmaq (also Micmac, L'nu, Mi'kmaw or Mi'gmaw) are a First Nations people indigenous to Canada's Atlantic Provinces and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec as well as the northeastern region of Maine.

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Michigan

Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.

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Michigan Territory

The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan.

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Midewiwin

The Midewiwin (also spelled Midewin and Medewiwin) or the Grand Medicine Society is a secretive religion of some of the indigenous peoples of the Maritimes, New England and Great Lakes regions in North America.

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Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe

The Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe (Ojibwe: Misi-zaaga'igani Anishinaabeg), also known as the Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians, is a federally recognized American Indian tribe located in East Central Minnesota.

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Mille Lacs Indians

The Mille Lacs Indians (Ojibwe: Misi-zaaga'iganiwininiwag), also known as the Mille Lacs and Snake River Band of Chippewa, are a Band of Indians formed from the unification of the Mille Lacs Band of Mississippi Chippewa (Ojibwe) with the Mille Lacs Band of Mdewakanton Sioux (Dakota).

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Minnesota

Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.

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Minnesota Chippewa Tribe

The Minnesota Chippewa Tribe (MCT) is the centralized governmental authority for six Chippewa (Ojibwe or Anishinaabe) bands in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

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Mishkeegogamang First Nation

Mishkeegogamang First Nation No.

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Mississagi River

The Mississagi River is a river in Algoma and Sudbury Districts, Ontario, Canada, that originates in Sudbury District and flows to Lake Huron at Blind River, Algoma District.

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Mississauga First Nation

Mississauga First Nation is one of the six First Nations that make up the Mississauga Nations.

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Mississaugas

The Mississauga are a subtribe of the Anishinaabe-speaking First Nations people located in southern Ontario, Canada.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

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Mississippi River Band of Chippewa Indians

Mississippi River Band of Chippewa Indians (Anishinaabe: Gichi-ziibiwininiwag) or simply the Mississippi Chippewa, are a historical Ojibwa Band inhabiting the headwaters of the Mississippi River and its tributaries in present-day Minnesota.

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Moccasin

A moccasin is a shoe, made of deerskin or other soft leather, consisting of a sole (made with leather that has not been "worked") and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel of leather).

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Montreal

Montreal (officially Montréal) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada.

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Moose

The moose (North America) or elk (Eurasia), Alces alces, is the largest extant species in the deer family.

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Murray Sinclair

Murray Sinclair (born January 24, 1951) is a Canadian politician and First Nations lawyer who served as Chairman of the Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission from 2009 to 2015.

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Muskrat Dam Lake First Nation

The Muskrat Dam Lake First Nation is an Oji-Cree First Nation band government in Northern Ontario.

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Naotkamegwanning First Nation

Naotkamegwanning First Nation, formerly known as Whitefish Bay First Nation and known in the Ojibwe language as Ne-adikamegwaning (Of the Whitefish Point), is an Ojibwa or Ontario Saulteaux First Nation located in Kenora District, Ontario near Sioux Narrows of Lake of the Woods.

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National Hockey League

The National Hockey League (NHL; Ligue nationale de hockey—LNH) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.

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Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), Pub.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Navajo language

Navajo or Navaho (Navajo: Diné bizaad or Naabeehó bizaad) is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na-Dené family, by which it is related to languages spoken across the western areas of North America.

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Navajo Nation

The Navajo Nation (Naabeehó Bináhásdzo) is a Native American territory covering about, occupying portions of northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico in the United States.

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Niagara Falls

Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the American state of New York.

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Nipissing First Nation

The Nipissing First Nation consists of historic First Nation band governments of Ojibwe and Algonquin descent who, following succeeding cultures of ancestors, have lived in the area of Lake Nipissing in the Canadian province of Ontario for about 9,400 years.

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Nishnawbe Aski Nation

Nishnawbe Aski Nation (ᐊᓂᐦᔑᓈᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᑲᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒫᐎᓐ (Anishinaabe-aski Ishkoniganan Ogimaawin), unpointed: ᐊᓂᔑᓇᐯ ᐊᔅᑭ ᐃᔥᑯᓂᐊᓇᓐ ᐅᑭᒪᐎᓐ; NAN for short) is a political organization representing 49 First Nation communities across Treaty 9 and Treaty 5 areas of Northern Ontario, Canada.

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Nobel, Ontario

Nobel is a village on the shores of Parry Sound, Ontario, Canada.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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North Caribou Lake First Nation

North Caribou Lake First Nation or Weagamow First Nation, sometimes also known as Round Lake First Nation, is an Oji-Cree First Nation band government who inhabit the Kenora District in northern Ontario, Canada.

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North Dakota

North Dakota is a U.S. state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States.

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Northern pintail

The pintail or northern pintail (Anas acuta) is a duck with wide geographic distribution that breeds in the northern areas of Europe, Asia and North America.

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Northwest Angle

The Northwest Angle, known simply as the Angle by locals, and coextensive with Angle Township, is a part of northern Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota.

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Norval Morrisseau

Norval Morrisseau, CM (March 14, 1932 – December 4, 2007), also known as Copper Thunderbird, was an Aboriginal Canadian artist.

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Odawa

The Odawa (also Ottawa or Odaawaa), said to mean "traders", are an Indigenous American ethnic group who primarily inhabit land in the northern United States and southern Canada.

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Odell Borg

Odell Borg is a native flute maker, teacher, and record producer.

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Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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Oji-Cree

The Oji-Cree, Anishinaabe (plural Anishinaabeg) or, less correctly, Severn Ojibwa or Northern Ojibwa, are a First Nation in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba, residing in a narrow band extending from the Missinaibi River region in Northeastern Ontario at the east to Lake Winnipeg at the west.

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Ojibway Nation of Saugeen

The Ojibway Nation of Saugeen is an Ojibwa First Nation in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation

Ojibways of the Pic River First Nation (or "Pic River" for short) is an Ojibway (Anishinaabe) First Nation reserve on the northern shore of Lake Superior at the mouth of the Pic River.

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Ojibwe

The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, which is referred to by many of its Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island.

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Ojibwe language

Ojibwe, also known as Ojibwa, Ojibway, Chippewa, or Otchipwe,R.

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Ontario

Ontario is one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada and is located in east-central Canada.

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Oral history

Oral history is the collection and study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews.

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Oral tradition

Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication where in knowledge, art, ideas and cultural material is received, preserved and transmitted orally from one generation to another.

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Ottawa

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada.

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Ottawa River

The Ottawa River (Rivière des Outaouais, Algonquin: Kitchissippi) is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

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Ozaawindib

Ozaawindib ("Yellow Head" in English, recorded variously as Oza Windib, O-zaw-wen-dib, O-zaw-wan-dib, Ozawondib, etc.) was an Ojibwe warrior who lived in the early 19th century and was described as an ayaakwe ("agokwa" in literature)—what a modern Ojibwe would describe as a niizh manidoowag (two-spirit).

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Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and (loosely) by the Cascade Mountain Range on the east.

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Parallel and cross cousins

In discussing consanguineal kinship in anthropology, a parallel cousin or ortho-cousin is a cousin from a parent's same-sex sibling, while a cross-cousin is from a parent's opposite-sex sibling.

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Patrick DesJarlait

Patrick DesJarlait, Sr. (1921–1972) was an Ojibwa artist, known for his watercolor paintings and his commercial art work.

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Patrilineality

Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through his or her father's lineage.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians

Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians (Ojibwe: Aniibiminani-ziibiwininiwag) are a historical band of Chippewa (Ojibwe), originally living along the Red River of the North and its tributaries.

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Penetanguishene Bay Purchase

The Penetanguishene Bay Purchase, registered as Crown Treaty Number Five, was signed May 22, 1798 between the Chippeway and the government of Upper Canada.

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Peter Jones (missionary)

Peter Jones (January 1, 1802 – June 29, 1856) was an Ojibwa Methodist minister, translator, chief and author from Burlington Heights, Upper Canada.

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Petroform

Petroforms, also known as boulder outlines or boulder mosaics, are human-made shapes and patterns made by lining up large rocks on the open ground, often on quite level areas.

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Petroglyph

Petroglyphs are images created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art.

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Phil Fontaine

Larry Phillip "Phil" Fontaine, (born September 20, 1944) is an Aboriginal Canadian leader.

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Philip B. Gordon

Philip Bergin Gordon (March 31, 1885 - October 1, 1948) (Ti-Bish-Ko-Gi-Jik) ("Looking into the Sky") Chippewa ("Ojibwe') was the second American Indian Catholic priest ordained in the United States.

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Pictogram

A pictogram, also called a pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto, and in computer usage an icon, is an ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object.

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Pikangikum First Nation

The Pikangikum First Nation (Ojibwe: pointed: ᐱᑳᐣᒋᑲᒦᐣᐠ ᐯᒫᑎᓯᐚᐨ; unpointed: ᐱᑲᒋᑲᒥᑭ ᐯᒪᑎᓯᐘᒋ; Bigaanjigamiing Bemaadiziwaaj; locally: Beekahncheekahmeeng Paymahteeseewahch) is an Ojibwe First Nation located on the Pikangikum 14 Reserve, in Unorganized Kenora District in Northwestern Ontario, Canada.

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Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians

Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians (or simply the Pillagers; Makandwewininiwag in the Ojibwe language) are a historical band of Chippewa (Ojibwe) who settled at the headwaters of the Mississippi River in present-day Minnesota.

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Pinus strobus

Pinus strobus, commonly denominated the eastern white pine, northern white pine, white pine, Weymouth pine (British), and soft pine accessed 12 August 2013 is a large pine native to eastern North America.

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Pittsburgh Penguins

The Pittsburgh Penguins are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Pleurisy

Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (pleurae).

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Pontiac's War

Pontiac's War (also known as Pontiac's Conspiracy or Pontiac's Rebellion) was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes, primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754–1763).

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Poplar Hill First Nation

Poplar Hill First Nation is an Anishinaabe (Ojibway) First Nation band government, approximately 120 km north of Red Lake near the Ontario-Manitoba border.

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Poplar River First Nation

Poplar River First Nation (or Azaadiwi-ziibi Nitam-Anishinaabe in the Anishinaabe language) is an Ojibwa First Nation in Manitoba, Canada.

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Potawatomi

ThePottawatomi, also spelled Pottawatomie and Potawatomi (among many variations), are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River, and western Great Lakes region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian family. The Potawatomi called themselves Neshnabé, a cognate of the word Anishinaabe. The Potawatomi were part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa). In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi were considered the "youngest brother" and were referred to in this context as Bodéwadmi, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and refers to the council fire of three peoples. In the 19th century, they were pushed to the west by European/American encroachment in the late 18th century and removed from their lands in the Great Lakes region to reservations in Oklahoma. Under Indian Removal, they eventually ceded many of their lands, and most of the Potawatomi relocated to Nebraska, Kansas, and Indian Territory, now in Oklahoma. Some bands survived in the Great Lakes region and today are federally recognized as tribes. In Canada, there are over 20 First Nation bands.

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Potawatomi language

Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie; in Potawatomi Bodéwadmimwen, or Bodéwadmi Zheshmowen, or Neshnabémwen) is a Central Algonquian language.

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Pow wow

A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.

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Prairie

Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type.

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Proto-Algonquian language

Proto-Algonquian (commonly abbreviated PA) is the proto-language from which the various Algonquian languages are descended.

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Public Radio Exchange

The Public Radio Exchange (PRX) is a nonprofit web-based platform for digital distribution, review, and licensing of radio programs.

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Pun Plamondon

Lawrence "Pun" Plamondon is a former 1960s left-wing activist who helped found the White Panther Party.

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Quebec

Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.

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Rainbow Country

Rainbow Country is a local services board in the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Rainy Lake

Rainy Lake (French: lac à la Pluie; Ojibwe: gojiji-zaaga'igan) is a relatively large freshwater lake straddling the border between the United States and Canada.

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Rainy Lake and River Bands of Saulteaux

Rainy Lake and River Bands of Saulteaux (Ojibwe language: Gojijiwininiwag) are Saulteaux (Ojibwe) group located in Northwestern Ontario and northern Minnesota, along and about the Rainy Lake and the Rainy River, known in Ojibwe as Gojijiing.

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Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario)

The Rainy River (French: Rivière à la Pluie; Ojibwe: Gojiji-ziibi) is a river, approximately long, which forms part of the Canada–United States border separating northern Minnesota and Northwestern Ontario.

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Raven Davis

Raven Davis (born 1975) is an Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) Aboriginal artist and activist living in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

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Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa

Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa is a band of Ojibwe Native Americans.

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Red Lake Indian Reservation

The Red Lake Indian Reservation (Miskwaagamiiwi-zaaga'igan) covers in parts of nine counties in northwestern Minnesota, United States.

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Red River of the North

The Red River (Rivière rouge or Rivière Rouge du Nord, American English: Red River of the North) is a North American river.

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Restoule River

The Restoule River is a river in Parry Sound District in Central Ontario, Canada.

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Ribes glandulosum

Ribes glandulosum, the skunk currant, is a North American species of flowering plant in the currant family.

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Richard Wagamese

Richard Wagamese (October 14, 1955 – March 10, 2017) was a Canadian author and journalist.

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Rio Grande

The Rio Grande (or; Río Bravo del Norte, or simply Río Bravo) is one of the principal rivers in the southwest United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Colorado River).

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Ritual

A ritual "is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a sequestered place, and performed according to set sequence".

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Robinson Treaty

Robinson Treaty may refer to one of two treaties signed between the Ojibwa chiefs and The Crown in 1850.

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Rocky Boy (Chippewa leader)

Asiniiwin, translated Rocky Boy or Stone Child was an important Chippewa leader who became the principal leader of the Montana Chippewa-Cree in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

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Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation

Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation is one of seven American Indian reservations in the U.S. state of Montana.

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Rod Michano

Rod Michano, (born Toussaint Roderick Michano, April 19, 1964 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a noted Canadian First Nations HIV/AIDS activist and educator.

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Roy Thomas

Roy William Thomas Jr."Roy Thomas Checklist" Alter Ego Vol.

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Royal Proclamation of 1763

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War.

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Ruth Landes

Ruth Landes (October 8, 1908, New York City – February 11, 1991, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada) was an American cultural anthropologist best known for studies on Brazilian candomblé cults and her published study on the topic, City of Women (1947).

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Sagamok Anishnawbek First Nation

The Sagamok Anishnawbek First Nation, also known as Many Rivers Joining-Human Beings, is a First Nations band government located in Ontario, Canada.

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Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan is a federally recognized band of Chippewa (a.k.a. Ojibwe) Indians located in central Michigan in the United States.

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Sagittaria cuneata

Sagittaria cuneata is a species of flowering plant in the water plantain family known by the common name arumleaf arrowhead or duck potato. Like some other Sagittaria species, it may be called wapato.

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Saint Lawrence River

The Saint Lawrence River (Fleuve Saint-Laurent; Tuscarora: Kahnawáʼkye; Mohawk: Kaniatarowanenneh, meaning "big waterway") is a large river in the middle latitudes of North America.

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Saint Louis River

The Saint Louis River (abbreviated St. Louis River) is a river in the U.S. states of Minnesota and Wisconsin that flows into Lake Superior.

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Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa

Sandy Lake Band of Mississippi Chippewa (Ojibwe: Gaa-mitaawangaagamaag-ininiwag) are a historical Ojibwa tribe located in the upper Mississippi River basin, on and around Big Sandy Lake in what today is in Aitkin County, Minnesota.

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Sandy Lake First Nation

Sandy Lake First Nation (or Negaw-zaaga'igani Nitam-Anishinaabe, Oji-Cree: ᓀᑲᐤ ᕊᑲᐃᑲᓂᐣ᙮) is an independent Oji-Cree First Nations band government.

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Sandy Lake Tragedy

The Sandy Lake Tragedy was the culmination of a series of events centered in Sandy Lake, Minnesota, that resulted in the deaths in 1850 of several hundred Lake Superior Chippewa.

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Saskatchewan

Saskatchewan is a prairie and boreal province in western Canada, the only province without natural borders.

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Saugeen First Nation

Saugeen First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation reserve located along the Saugeen River and Bruce Peninsula in Ontario, Canada.

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Saugeen Tract Agreement

Saugeen Tract Agreement, registered as Crown Treaty Number 45, was signed August 9, 1836 between the Saugeen Ojibwa and Ottawa and the government of Upper Canada.

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Sauk people

The Sac or Sauk are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group, who lived primarily in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin, when first encountered by the French in 1667.

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Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan

Sault Ste.

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Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario

Sault Ste.

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Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians

The Sault Ste.

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Saulteaux

The Saulteaux (pronounced,; also written Salteaux and many other variants) are a First Nations band government in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada.

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Scroll

A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue), also known as a roll, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing.

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Second Treaty of Prairie du Chien

The Treaty of Prairie du Chien may refer to any of several treaties made and signed in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin between the United States, representatives from the Sioux, Sac and Fox, Menominee, Ioway, Winnebago and the Anishinaabeg (Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi) Native American peoples.

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Sedentism

In cultural anthropology, sedentism (sometimes called sedentariness; compare sedentarism) is the practice of living in one place for a long time.

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Serpent River First Nation

The Serpent River First Nation, a signatory to the Robinson Huron Treaty of 1850, is an Anishinaabe First Nation in the Canadian province of Ontario, located midway between Sault Ste. Marie and Sudbury along the North Channel of Lake Huron.

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Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.

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Shakopee (Dakota leaders)

Shakopee or Chief Shakopee may refer to any of the three Mdewakanton Dakota leaders, in what is now the United States, who lived in the area of Minnesota from the late 18th century through 1865.

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Shamanism

Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.

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Shawnee language

The Shawnee language is a Central Algonquian language spoken in parts of central and northeastern Oklahoma by the Shawnee people.

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Silene latifolia

Silene latifolia (formerly Melandrium album), the white campion is a dioecious flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa.

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Sioux

The Sioux also known as Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America.

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Slate Falls First Nation

Slate Falls First Nation is an Ojibwe First Nation band government in Ontario.

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Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.

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Sokaogon Chippewa Community

The Sokaogon Chippewa Community, or the Mole Lake Band of Lake Superior Chippewa, is a band of the Lake Superior Chippewa, many of whom reside on the Mole Lake Indian Reservation, located at in the Town of Nashville, in Forest County, Wisconsin.

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Solidago rigida

Solidago rigida, known by the common names stiff goldenrod and stiff-leaved goldenrod, is a North American plant species in the aster family (Asteraceae).

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Southeast Michigan

Southeast Michigan, also called Southeastern Michigan, is a region in the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan that is home to a majority of the state's businesses and industries as well as slightly over half of the state's population, most of whom are concentrated in Metro Detroit.

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Southern Ontario

Southern Ontario is a primary region of the province of Ontario, Canada, the other primary region being Northern Ontario.

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St. Croix Chippewa Indians

The St.

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St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)

The St.

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Sun Dance

The Sun Dance is a ceremony practiced by some Indigenous people of United States of America and Canada, primarily those of the Plains cultures.

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Superior, Wisconsin

Superior is a city in, and the county seat of, Douglas County in the state of Wisconsin.

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Sweat lodge

A sweat lodge is a low profile hut, typically dome-shaped or oblong, and made with natural materials.

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Symphyotrichum novae-angliae

Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G L Nesom.

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T. J. Oshie

Timothy Leif "T.

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Ted Nolan

Theodore John Nolan (born April 7, 1958) is a Canadian former professional hockey left winger, former head coach of the Buffalo Sabres and Latvia men's national ice hockey team.

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Ted St. Germaine

Thomas Leo "Ted" St.

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The Song of Hiawatha

The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that features Native American characters.

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Third gender

Third gender or third sex is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves or by society, as neither man nor woman.

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Thomas David Petite

Thomas David Petite (born May 30, 1956) is an American inventor and is best known for being one of the five early key inventors of Wireless ad hoc network or IoT Wireless Mesh, Technology.

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Thunder Bay

Thunder Bay is a city in, and the seat of, Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada.

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Thunderbird (mythology)

The thunderbird is a legendary creature in certain North American indigenous peoples' history and culture.

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Tommy Prince

Thomas George "Tommy" Prince (October 25, 1915 – November 25, 1977) was one of Canada's most decorated First Nations soldiers, serving in World War II and the Korean War.

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Toponymy

Toponymy is the study of place names (toponyms), their origins, meanings, use, and typology.

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Toronto Purchase

The Toronto Purchase was the surrender of lands in the Toronto area from the Mississaugas of New Credit to the British crown.

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Totem

A totem (Ojibwe doodem) is a spirit being, sacred object, or symbol that serves as an emblem of a group of people, such as a family, clan, lineage, or tribe.

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Treaty

A treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely sovereign states and international organizations.

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Treaty 1

Treaty 1 is an agreement established August 3, 1871, between the newly founded Canadian government and the Anishinabe and Swampy Cree Nations.

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Treaty 2

Treaty 2 is an agreement signed on August 21, 1871, between the Crown in Right of Canada and various First Nation band governments in southwestern Manitoba and a small part of southeastern Saskatchewan; treaty signatories from this region included the Ojibwe Nations.

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Treaty 3

Treaty 3 was an agreement entered into on October 3, 1873, by the Ojibwe First Nations and Queen Victoria.

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Treaty 4

Treaty 4 is a treaty established between Queen Victoria and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nation band governments.

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Treaty 5

Treaty Five is a treaty that was first established in September, 1875, between Queen Victoria and Saulteaux and Swampy Cree non-treaty band governments and peoples around Lake Winnipeg in the District of Keewatin.

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Treaty 6

Treaty 6 is the sixth of seven numbered treaties that were signed by the Canadian Crown and various First Nations between 1871 to 1877.

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Treaty 8

Treaty 8 was an agreement signed on June 21, 1899, between Queen Victoria and various First Nations of the Lesser Slave Lake area.

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Treaty 9

Treaty 9 was an agreement established in July 1905, between the Government of Canada in the name of King Edward VII and various First Nation band governments in northern Ontario.

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Treaty of Brownstown

The Treaty of Brownstown was between the United States and the Council of Three Fires (Chippewa, Ottawa, Potawatomi), Wyandott, and Shawanoese Indian Nations.

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Treaty of Chicago

The Treaty of Chicago may refer to either of two treaties made and signed in the settlement that became Chicago, Illinois between the United States and the Odaawaa (anglicized Ottawa), Ojibwe (anglicized Chippewa), and Bodéwadmi (anglicized Potawatomi) (collectively, Council of Three Fires) Native American peoples.

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Treaty of Detroit

The Treaty of Detroit was a treaty between the United States and the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot and Potawatomi Native American nations.

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Treaty of Detroit (1855)

The Treaty of Detroit of 1855 was a treaty between the United States Government and the Ottawa and Chippewa Nations of Indians of Michigan.

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Treaty of Fond du Lac

The Treaty of Fond du Lac may refer to either of two treaties made and signed in Duluth, Minnesota between the United States and the Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native American peoples.

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Treaty of Fort Harmar

The Treaty of Fort Harmar was an agreement between the United States government and numerous Native American tribes with claims to the Northwest Territory.

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Treaty of Fort McIntosh

The Treaty of Fort McIntosh was a treaty between the United States government and representatives of the Wyandotte, Delaware, Chippewa and Ottawa nations of Native Americans.

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Treaty of Fort Meigs

The Treaty of Fort Meigs, also called the Treaty of the Foot of the Rapids, was signed September 29, 1817 between the chiefs and warriors of the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnee, Potawatomi, Ottawa and Chippewa, tribes of Native Americans and the United States of America, represented by Lewis Cass and Duncan McArthur.

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Treaty of Greenville

The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August 3, 1795, at Fort Greenville, now Greenville, Ohio; it followed negotiations after the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers a year earlier.

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Treaty of La Pointe

The Treaty of La Pointe may refer to either of two treaties made and signed in La Pointe, Wisconsin between the United States and the Ojibwe (Chippewa) Native American peoples.

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Treaty of Old Crossing

By the Treaty of Old Crossing (1863) and the Treaty of Old Crossing (1864), the Pembina and Red Lake bands of the Ojibwe, then known as Chippewa Indians, purportedly ceded to the United States all of their rights to the Red River Valley.

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Treaty of Saginaw

The Treaty of Saginaw, also known as the Treaty with the Chippewa, was made between Gen.

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Treaty of Springwells

The Treaty of Springwells was an agreement between the United States and the Wyandot, Delaware, Seneca, Shawnee, Miami, Chippewa, Ottawa, and Potawatomi Indians, ending the conflict between the U.S. and these Indians that was part of the War of 1812.

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Treaty of St. Louis (1816)

The Treaty of St.

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Treaty of St. Mary's

The Treaty of St.

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Treaty of St. Peters

Treaty of St.

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Treaty of Washington (1836)

The Treaty of Washington is a treaty between the United States and representatives of the Ottawa and Chippewa nations of Native Americans.

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Treaty of Washington (1855)

The 1855 Treaty of Washington may refer to any of the four treaties signed between the United States and various Native American governments.

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Trixie Mattel

Brian Michael Firkus (born August 28, 1989), known by the stage persona Trixie Mattel, is an American drag queen, singer-songwriter, comedian, and television personality from Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

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Truth and Reconciliation Commission (Canada)

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) was a truth and reconciliation commission organized by the parties of the Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement.

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Tumulus

A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.

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Turtle Island (North America)

Turtle Island is the name of North America according to some Indigenous groups.

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Turtle Mountain (plateau)

Turtle Mountain, or the Turtle Mountains, is an area in central North America, in the north-central portion of the U.S. state of North Dakota and southwestern portion of the Canadian province of Manitoba, approximately 100 km south of the city of Brandon on provincial highway 10.

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Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians

The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians (Ojibwe language: Mikinaakwajiw-ininiwag) is a Native American tribe of Ojibwa and Métis peoples, based on the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation in Belcourt, North Dakota.

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Two-spirit

Two-Spirit (also two spirit or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some indigenous North Americans to describe certain people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial role in their cultures.

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Union of Ontario Indians

The Union of Ontario Indians is a First Nations political organization representing 40 member First Nations in the province of Ontario, Canada.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Hockey Hall of Fame

The United States Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1973 with the goal of preserving the rich history of ice hockey in the United States while recognizing the extraordinary contributions of select players, coaches, administrators, officials and teams.

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University of Oklahoma Press

The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma.

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Untouchables (law enforcement)

The Untouchables were a group of nine U.S. federal law-enforcement agents led by Eliot Ness, who, from 1929 to 1931, worked to end Al Capone's illegal activities by aggressively enforcing Prohibition laws against Capone and his organization.

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Upper Canada

The Province of Upper Canada (province du Haut-Canada) was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America and to accommodate Loyalist refugees of the United States after the American Revolution.

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Upper Peninsula of Michigan

The Upper Peninsula (UP), also known as Upper Michigan, is the northern of the two major peninsulas that make up the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Uvularia grandiflora

Uvularia grandiflora, the large-flowered bellwort or merrybells, is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae, native to eastern and central North America.

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Vernon Bellecourt

Vernon Bellecourt (WaBun-Inini) (October 17, 1931 – October 13, 2007) was a member of the White Earth Band of Ojibwe (located in Minnesota), a Native American rights activist, and a leader in the American Indian Movement (AIM).

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Viola canadensis

Viola canadensis is more commonly known as Canadian white violet, Canada violet, tall white violet, or white violet.

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Virgil Hill

Virgil Eugene Hill (born January 18, 1964) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1984 to 2007, and in 2015.

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Vomiting

Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

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Voyageurs

The voyageurs (travelers) were French Canadians who engaged in the transporting of furs by canoe during the fur trade years.

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Wabanquot (Chippewa chief)

Wabanquot, Wabonaquod, Wah-bon-ah-quot, Wau-bon-a-quat or Wa-bon-o-quot (ca. 1830-1898) was an Ojibwa chief.

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Wabaseemoong Independent Nations

Wabaseemoong Independent Nations or more fully as the Wabaseemoong Independent Nations of One Man Lake, Swan Lake and Whitedog, is an Ojibway First Nation band government who reside 120 km northwest of Kenora, Ontario and east of the Ontario-Manitoba border of northwestern Ontario, Canada.

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Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation

Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation, or commonly as Wabigoon First Nation (Anishinaabemowin: Waabigoniiw Saaga'iganiiw Anishinaabeg), is a Saulteaux First Nation band government who inhabit the Kenora District in northwestern Ontario, Canada.

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Wabun Tribal Council

Wabun Tribal Council is a non-profit Regional Chiefs' Council representing Ojibway and Cree First Nations in northern Ontario, Canada.

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Wahnapitae First Nation

The Wahnapitae is an Ojibway First Nation band government in the Canadian province of Ontario, who primarily reside on the Wahnapitae Indian Reserve No.

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Walpole Island First Nation

Walpole Island is an island and First Nation reserve in southwestern Ontario, Canada, on the border between Ontario and Michigan in the United States.

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War of 1812

The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies from June 1812 to February 1815.

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Wawatam

Wawatam (little goose) (''fl.'' 1762 – 1764) was an 18th-century Odawa chief who lived in the northern region of present-day Michigan's Lower Peninsula in an area along the Lake Michigan shoreline known by the Odawa as Waganawkezee (it is bent).

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Wayne Keon

Wayne Keon (born 1946) is a Nipissing First Nation author and poet and member of Nipissing First Nation, Native American Authors. (retrieved 30 Dec 2009) an Ojibway tribe.

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White Earth Band of Ojibwe

The White Earth Band of Ojibwe, or Gaa-waabaabiganikaag Anishinaabeg, is a Native American band located in northwestern Minnesota.

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Whitesand First Nation

The Whitesand First Nation is an Ojibway First Nation reserve in Northern Ontario, Canada.

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Wigwam

A wigwam, wickiup or wetu is a domed dwelling formerly used by certain Native American and First Nations tribes, and still used for ceremonial purposes.

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Wiigwaasabak

Wiigwaasabak (Ojibwe language, plural: wiigwaasabakoon) are birch bark scrolls, on which the Ojibwa (Anishinaabe) people of North America wrote complex geometrical patterns and shapes.

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Wikwemikong First Nation

The Wikwemikong First Nation is a First Nation on Manitoulin Island in northern Ontario.

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Wild rice

Wild rice (Ojibwe: Manoomin, Sanskrit: 'नीवार', IAST:; also called Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats) are four species of grasses forming the genus Zizania, and the grain that can be harvested from them.

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William Hull

William Hull (June 24, 1753 – November 29, 1825) was an American soldier and politician.

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William Jennings Gardner

William Jennings Gardner (January 23, 1884 – June 15, 1965) was an American football player, coach, and law-enforcement agent.

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William Whipple Warren

William Whipple Warren (May 27, 1825 – June 1, 1853) was an historian, interpreter, and legislator in the Minnesota Territory.

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Willow

Willows, also called sallows, and osiers, form the genus Salix, around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997.

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Winona LaDuke

Winona LaDuke (born August 18, 1959) is an American environmentalist, economist, and writer, known for her work on tribal land claims and preservation, as well as sustainable development.

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Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.

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Wisconsin River

The Wisconsin River is a tributary of the Mississippi River in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

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Woodlands style

The Woodland School Of Art, also named Woodlands style, Woodlands School, or Anishnabe painting, is a genre of painting among First Nations and Native American artists from the Great Lakes area - including northern Ontario and southwestern Manitoba.

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World Digital Library

The World Digital Library (WDL) is an international digital library operated by UNESCO and the United States Library of Congress.

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Wyandot people

The Wyandot people or Wendat, also called the Huron Nation and Huron people, in most historic references are believed to have been the most populous confederacy of Iroquoian cultured indigenous peoples of North America.

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Zheewegonab

Zheewegonab (sometimes Shewaquonap, or Sheawaquanep) (fl. 1780 - 1805) was a band leader among the northern Ojibwe.

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1854 Treaty Authority

The 1854 Treaty Authority is an intertribal, co-management agency committed to the implementation of off-reservation treaty rights on behalf of its two-member Ojibwa tribes.

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Anishnabek, Chippewa, Chippewa (tribe), Chippewa Indians, Chippewa Nation, Chippewas, Chippewawayans, Chippeway, Chippeways, Ojibwa, Ojibwa Indian, Ojibwa Tribe, Ojibwa people, Ojibwas, Ojibway, Ojibway Indians, Ojibway Tribe, Ojibways, Ojibwe Indians, Ojibwe people, Očipwe˙, Salteurs, Saulteur, Saulteurs.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojibwe

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