Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II. ^[1]

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Table of Contents

1. 480 relations: A-A line, Abwehr, Adolf Hitler, Air supremacy, Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Alfred Jodl, Alfred Liskow, Alfred Rosenberg, Allies of World War II, Andreas Hillgruber, Andrey Yeryomenko, Anglo-Soviet Agreement, Anti-Slavic sentiment, Anti-Sovietism, Antisemitism, Antony Beevor, Arctic Ocean, Arkhangelsk, Armoured warfare, Army Group Centre, Army Group North, Army Group South, Army Norway (Wehrmacht), Army of Karelia, Artillery, Astrakhan, Attrition warfare, Axis powers, Baku, Balkans campaign (World War II), Baltic Fleet, Baltic Military District, Baltic states, Barbarossa decree, Battle of France, Battle of Kursk, Battle of Moscow, Battle of Raseiniai, Battle of Stalingrad, Battlefield (American TV series), Belarus, Bessarabia, Białystok, Billet, Black Sea, Black Sea campaigns (1941–1944), Black Sea Fleet, Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), Blue Division, Bomber, ... Expand index (430 more) » « Shrink index

2. Invasions of Russia
3. Invasions of Ukraine
4. June 1941 events
5. Military operations involving Finland
6. Military operations of World War II

A-A line

The Arkhangelsk–Astrakhan line, or A–A line for short, was the military goal of Operation Barbarossa.

See Operation Barbarossa and A-A line

Abwehr

The Abwehr (German for resistance or defence, though the word usually means counterintelligence in a military context) was the German military-intelligence service for the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht from 1920 to 1945.

See Operation Barbarossa and Abwehr

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Operation Barbarossa and Adolf Hitler

Air supremacy

Aerial supremacy (also known as air superiority) is the degree to which a side in a conflict holds control of air power over opposing forces.

See Operation Barbarossa and Air supremacy

Aleksandr Vasilevsky

Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Vasilevsky (Александр Михайлович Василевский) (30 September 1895 – 5 December 1977) was a Soviet career-officer in the Red Army who attained the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1943.

See Operation Barbarossa and Aleksandr Vasilevsky

Alfred Jodl

Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German Generaloberst who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht – the German Armed Forces High Command – throughout World War II.

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Alfred Liskow

Alfred Liskow (also spelled Liskov or Liskof; first name sometimes given as Albert;; 1910 – unknown) was a German soldier and deserter who swam across the Bug River at 9:00 pm on the eve of Operation Barbarossa near Sokal, just north of Lwow, in 1941 to warn the Red Army of imminent attack the next morning.

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Alfred Rosenberg

Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (– 16 October 1946) was a Baltic German Nazi theorist and ideologue.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

See Operation Barbarossa and Allies of World War II

Andreas Hillgruber

Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian who was influential as a military and diplomatic historian who played a leading role in the Historikerstreit of the 1980s.

See Operation Barbarossa and Andreas Hillgruber

Andrey Yeryomenko

Andrey Ivanovich Yeryomenko (Андре́й Ива́нович Ерёменко; Ukrainian: Андрій Іванович Єрьоменко; November 19, 1970) was a Soviet general during World War II and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Operation Barbarossa and Andrey Yeryomenko

Anglo-Soviet Agreement

The Anglo-Soviet Agreement was a declaration signed by the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union on 12 July 1941, shortly after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

See Operation Barbarossa and Anglo-Soviet Agreement

Anti-Slavic sentiment

Anti-Slavic sentiment, also called Slavophobia, refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination directed at the various Slavic peoples.

See Operation Barbarossa and Anti-Slavic sentiment

Anti-Sovietism

Anti-Sovietism (translit) or anti-Soviet sentiment refers to persons and activities that were actually or allegedly aimed against the Soviet Union or government power within the Soviet Union.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

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Antony Beevor

Sir Antony James Beevor, (born 14 December 1946) is a British military historian.

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Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions.

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Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk (Арха́нгельск), also known as Archangel and Archangelsk, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.

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Armoured warfare

Armoured warfare or armored warfare (American English; see spelling differences), is the use of armoured fighting vehicles in modern warfare.

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Army Group Centre

Army Group Centre (Heeresgruppe Mitte) was the name of two distinct strategic German Army Groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and Army Group Centre

Army Group North

Army Group North (Heeresgruppe Nord) was the name of three separate army groups of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Army Group South

Army Group South (Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of one of three German Army Groups during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and Army Group South

Army Norway (Wehrmacht)

Army Norway (Armeeoberkommando Norwegen, abbreviated AOK Norwegen) was a German army operating in Norway and Finland during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and Army Norway (Wehrmacht)

Army of Karelia

The Army of Karelia (Karjalan armeija; Karelska armén) was a Finnish army during the Continuation War.

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Artillery

Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms.

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Astrakhan

Astrakhan (Астрахань) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia.

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Attrition warfare

Attrition warfare is a military strategy consisting of belligerent attempts to win a war by wearing down the enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in personnel, materiel and morale.

See Operation Barbarossa and Attrition warfare

Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

See Operation Barbarossa and Axis powers

Baku

Baku (Bakı) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and in the Caucasus region.

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Balkans campaign (World War II)

The Balkans campaign of World War II began with the Italian invasion of Greece on 28 October 1940.

See Operation Barbarossa and Balkans campaign (World War II)

Baltic Fleet

The Baltic Fleet (Baltiyskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Baltic Sea.

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Baltic Military District

The Baltic Military District was a military district of the Soviet armed forces in the Baltic states, formed shortly before the German invasion during World War II.

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Baltic states

The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

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Barbarossa decree

During World War II, the Barbarossa decree was one of the Wehrmacht's criminal orders given on 13 May 1941, shortly before Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.

See Operation Barbarossa and Barbarossa decree

Battle of France

The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used.

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Battle of Kursk

The Battle of Kursk was a major World War II Eastern Front battle between the forces of Germany and the Soviet Union near Kursk in southwestern Russia during the summer of 1943, resulting in a Soviet victory. The Battle of Kursk was the single largest battle in the history of warfare. It, along with the Battle of Stalingrad several months earlier, are the two most oft-cited turning points in the European theatre of the war.

See Operation Barbarossa and Battle of Kursk

Battle of Moscow

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Battle of Raseiniai

The Battle of Raseiniai (23–27 June 1941) was a large tank battle that took place in the early stages of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. Operation Barbarossa and battle of Raseiniai are June 1941 events.

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Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.

See Operation Barbarossa and Battle of Stalingrad

Battlefield (American TV series)

Battlefield is a series produced by Lamancha Productions in Edinburgh, Scotland, which debuted on the American PBS channel in 1994.

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Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Bessarabia

Bessarabia is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west.

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Białystok

Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

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Billet

A billet is a living-quarters to which a soldier is assigned to sleep.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Black Sea campaigns (1941–1944)

The Black Sea Campaigns were the operations of the Axis and Soviet naval forces in the Black Sea and its coastal regions during World War II between 1941 and 1944, including in support of the land forces.

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Black Sea Fleet

The Black Sea Fleet (Chernomorskiy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov and the Mediterranean Sea.

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Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)

The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, involved operations carried out during World War II by the British Empire and by France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, fuel, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany – and later by Fascist Italy – in order to sustain their war efforts.

See Operation Barbarossa and Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)

Blue Division

The 250th Infantry Division (250.), better known as the Blue Division (División Azul, Blaue Division), was a unit of volunteers from Francoist Spain operating from 1941 to 1944 within the German Army (Wehrmacht.) on the Eastern Front during World War II.

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Bomber

A bomber is a military combat aircraft that utilizes air-to-ground weaponry to drop bombs, launch torpedoes, or deploy air-launched cruise missiles.

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Border states (Eastern Europe)

Border states, or European buffer states, were the European nations that won their independence from the Russian Empire after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and ultimately the defeat of the German Empire and Austria-Hungary in World War I. During the interwar period, the nations of Western Europe implemented a border states policy, which aimed at uniting them in protection against the Soviet Union and communist expansionism.

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Boris Shaposhnikov

Boris Mikhaylovich Shaposhnikov (Бори́с Миха́йлович Ша́пошников) (– 26 March 1945) was a Soviet military officer, theoretician and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

See Operation Barbarossa and Boris Shaposhnikov

Brest Fortress

Brest Fortress (Брэсцкая крэпасць,; Twierdza brzeska, Bresto tvirtovė, Брестская крепость), formerly known as Brest-Litoŭsk Fortress, is a 19th-century fortress in Brest, Belarus.

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Bridgehead

In military strategy, a bridgehead (or bridge-head) is the strategically important area of ground around the end of a bridge or other place of possible crossing over a body of water which at time of conflict is sought to be defended or taken over by the belligerent forces.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Bryansk

Bryansk (Брянск) is a city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the River Desna, southwest of Moscow.

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Buffer state

A buffer state is a country geographically lying between two rival or potentially hostile great powers.

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Bug (river)

The Bug or Western Bug is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of.

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Bukovina

BukovinaBukowina or Buchenland; Bukovina; Bukowina; Bucovina; Bukovyna; see also other languages.

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Byelorussian Military District

The Byelorussian Military District (translit; alternatively Belarusian) was a military district of the Soviet Armed Forces.

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Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR or Byelorussian SSR; Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка; Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика), also known as Byelorussia, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military commander, aristocrat, and statesman.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe.

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Case Blue

Case Blue (German: Fall Blau) was the Wehrmacht plan for the 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942, during World War II.

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Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.

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Christopher R. Browning

Christopher Robert Browning (born May 22, 1944) is an American historian and is Professor Emeritus of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC).

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Client state

In the field of international relations, a client state, is a state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state.

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Code name

A code name, codename, call sign, or cryptonym is a code word or name used, sometimes clandestinely, to refer to another name, word, project, or person. Operation Barbarossa and code name are code names.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy

In World War II, many governments, organizations and individuals collaborated with the Axis powers, "out of conviction, desperation, or under coercion." Nationalists sometimes welcomed German or Italian troops they believed would liberate their countries from colonization.

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Command and control

Command and control (abbr. C2) is a "set of organizational and technical attributes and processes...

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Commissar

Commissar (or sometimes Kommissar) is an English transliteration of the Russian комиссáр (komissar), which means 'commissary'.

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Commissar Order

The Commissar Order (Kommissarbefehl) was an order issued by the German High Command (OKW) on 6 June 1941 before Operation Barbarossa.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Crimea

Crimea is a peninsula in Eastern Europe, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.

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Croatia

Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Daugava

The Daugava (Daugova; Dźwina; Düna) or Western Dvina (translit; Заходняя Дзвіна; Väina; Väinäjoki) is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea.

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David M. Glantz

David M. Glantz (born January 11, 1942) is an American military historian known for his books on the Red Army during World War II and as the chief editor of The Journal of Slavic Military Studies.

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David Stahel

David Stahel (born 1975 in Wellington, New Zealand) is a historian, author and senior lecturer in history at the University of New South Wales.

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Death of Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, committed suicide via a gunshot to the head on 30 April 1945 in the Führerbunker in Berlin after it became clear that Germany would lose the Battle of Berlin, which led to the end of World War II in Europe.

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Deep operation

Deep operation (glubokaya operatsiya), also known as Soviet deep battle, was a military theory developed by the Soviet Union for its armed forces during the 1920s and 1930s.

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Defence in depth

Defence in depth (also known as deep defence or elastic defence) is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.

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Demobilization

Demobilization or demobilisation (see spelling differences) is the process of standing down a nation's armed forces from combat-ready status.

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Dmitry Pavlov (general)

Dmitry Grigoryevich Pavlov (Дми́трий Григо́рьевич Па́влов; 22 July 1941) was a Soviet general who commanded the key Soviet Western Front during the initial stage of the German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) in June 1941.

See Operation Barbarossa and Dmitry Pavlov (general)

Dnieper

The Dnieper, also called Dnepr or Dnipro, is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea.

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Dniester

The Dniester is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe.

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Donbas

The Donbas (Донба́с) or Donbass (Донба́сс) is a historical, cultural, and economic region in eastern Ukraine.

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Drang nach Osten

Drang nach Osten ('Drive to the East',Ulrich Best,, 2008, p. 58, Edmund Jan Osmańczyk, Anthony Mango, Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements, 2003, p. 579, or 'push eastward',Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945, 1996, p.

See Operation Barbarossa and Drang nach Osten

Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland. Operation Barbarossa and Eastern Front (World War II) are invasions of Russia.

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Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen (also 'task forces') were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe.

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English Channel

The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France.

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Enigma machine

The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication.

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Erich Hoepner

Erich Kurt Richard Hoepner (14 September 1886 – 8 August 1944) was a German general during World War II.

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Erich Marcks

Erich Marcks (6 June 1891 – 12 June 1944) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Erich von Manstein

Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Manstein (born Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Lewinski; 24 November 1887 – 9 June 1973) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) in the Heer (Army) of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Estonia

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.

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Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (Estonian SSR), Soviet Estonia, or simply Estonia, was a union republic of the Soviet Union (USSR), covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991.

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Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.

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Ethnic conflict

An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups.

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European Russia

European Russia is the western and most populated part of the Russian Federation.

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European theatre of World War II

The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat during World War II.

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Fedor von Bock

Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich Fedor von Bock (3 December 1880 – 4 May 1945) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) who served in the German Army during the Second World War.

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Final Solution

The Final Solution (die Endlösung) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (Endlösung der Judenfrage) was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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First Battle of Kharkov

The First Battle of Kharkov, named by Wilhelm Keitel, was a 1941 conflict fought over control of the city of Kharkov, located in the Ukrainian SSR, during the final stage of Operation Barbarossa.

See Operation Barbarossa and First Battle of Kharkov

Forced labour

Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.

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Forced labour under German rule during World War II

The use of slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany (Zwangsarbeit) and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale.

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Fordham University

Fordham University is a private Jesuit research university in New York City.

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Fourth Army (Romania)

The Fourth Army (Armata a 4-a Română) was a field army (a military formation) of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s.

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Franz Halder

Franz Halder (30 June 1884 – 2 April 1972) was a German general and the chief of staff of the Army High Command (OKH) in Nazi Germany from 1938 until September 1942.

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Frederick Barbarossa

Frederick Barbarossa (December 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick I (Friedrich I; Federico I), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death 35 years later in 1190.

See Operation Barbarossa and Frederick Barbarossa

French invasion of Russia

The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign (Campagne de Russie) and in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Otéchestvennaya voyná 1812 góda), was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of compelling the Russian Empire to comply with the continental blockade of the United Kingdom. Operation Barbarossa and French invasion of Russia are invasions of Russia.

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Friedrich Paulus

Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus (23 September 1890 – 1 February 1957) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) during World War II who is best known for his surrender of the German 6th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad (July 1942 to February 1943).

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Fyodor Kuznetsov

Fyodor Isidorovich Kuznetsov (Фёдор Иси́дорович Кузнецо́в; 29 September 1898 – 22 March 1961) was a Colonel General and military commander in the Soviet Union.

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Gabriel Gorodetsky

Gabriel Gorodetsky (born 13 May 1945) is an Israeli academic who is the Quondam Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and emeritus professor of history at Tel Aviv University.

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Gang rape

In scholarly literature and criminology, gang rape, also called serial gang rape, party rape, group rape, or multiple perpetrator rape,Ullman, S. E. (2013).

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Gas chamber

A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or other animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced.

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Göring's Green Folder

The "Green Folder" was a document belonging to Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring which was presented in the Nuremberg Trials.

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Generalplan Ost

The (Master Plan for the East), abbreviated GPO, was Nazi Germany's plan for the genocide, extermination and large-scale ethnic cleansing of Slavs, Eastern European Jews, and other indigenous peoples of Eastern Europe categorized as "Untermenschen" in Nazi ideology.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.

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Genocide

Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people, either in whole or in part.

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Geopolitics

Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations.

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Georg Thomas

Georg Thomas (20 February 1890 – 29 December 1946) was a German general who served during World War IIMitcham and Mueller, Hitler's Commanders, pgs.

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Georgy Zhukov

Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (a; 189618 June 1974) was a Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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Gerd von Rundstedt

Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) in the Heer (Army) of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Gerhard Engel

Gerhard Engel (13 April 1906 – 9 December 1976) was a German general during World War II who commanded several divisions after serving as an adjutant to Adolf Hitler.

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German Air Fleets in World War II

A list of Luftwaffe "Luftflotten" (Air Fleets) and their locations between 1939 and 1945.

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German Army (1935–1945)

The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular armed forces of Nazi Germany, from 1935 until it effectively ceased to exist in 1945 and then was formally dissolved in August 1946.

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German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war

During World War II, Soviet prisoners of war (POWs) held by Nazi Germany and primarily in the custody of the German Army were starved and subjected to deadly conditions.

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German declaration of war on the Soviet Union

The German declaration of war on the Soviet Union, officially Note of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Germany to the Soviet government from 21 June 1941, is a diplomatic note presented by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop to Soviet ambassador Vladimir Dekanozov in Berlin on 22 June 1941 at 4 a.m.

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German Federal Archives

The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (Bundesarchiv, lit. "Union-archive") are the National Archives of Germany.

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German invasion of Greece

The German invasion of Greece, also known as the Battle of Greece or Operation Marita (Unternehmen Marita), were the attacks on Greece by Italy and Germany during World War II.

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German Romanticism

German Romanticism was the dominant intellectual movement of German-speaking countries in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, influencing philosophy, aesthetics, literature, and criticism.

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German-occupied Europe

German-occupied Europe (or Nazi-occupied Europe) refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly militarily occupied and civil-occupied, including puppet governments, by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945, during World War II, administered by the Nazi regime under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler.

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German–Soviet Axis talks

German–Soviet Axis talks occurred in October and November 1940, nominally concerning the Soviet Union's potential adherent as a fourth Axis power during World War II among other potential agreements.

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German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement

The German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement, signed on January 10, 1941, was a broad agreement which settled border disputes, and continued raw materials and war machine trade between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

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German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (1940)

The 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement (also known as Economic Agreement of 11 February 1940 Between the German Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) was an economic arrangement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed on 11 February 1940.

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German–Soviet economic relations (1934–1941)

After the Nazis rose to power in Germany in 1933, relations between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union began to deteriorate rapidly.

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Germanisation

Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, people, and culture.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Germany and the Second World War

Germany and the Second World War (Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg) is a 12,000-page, 13-volume work published by the Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt (DVA), that has taken academics from the military history centre of the German armed forces 30 years to finish.

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Gestapo

The Geheime Staatspolizei, abbreviated Gestapo, was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.

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Grodno

Grodno (Гродно; Grodno) or Hrodna (Гродна) is a city in western Belarus.

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Gross national income

The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign financial output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents.

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Gyorshadtest

The Gyorshadtest (variously translated "Rapid Corps", "Fast Corps" or "Mobile Corps") was the most modern and best-equipped mechanized unit of the Royal Hungarian Army (Magyar Királyi Honvédség) at the beginning of World War II.

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Hannes Heer

Hans Georg Heer (known as Hannes) (born 16 March 1941) is a German historian, chiefly known for the Wehrmachtsausstellung (German: "Wehrmacht Exhibition") in the 1990s.

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Hans Jeschonnek

Hans Jeschonnek (9 April 1899 – 18 August 1943) was a German military aviator in the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I, a general staff officer in the Reichswehr in the inter–war period and Generaloberst (Colonel-General) and a Chief of the General Staff in the Luftwaffe, the aerial warfare branch of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was a German politician who was the 4th Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany, and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, primarily known for being a main architect of the Holocaust.

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Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)

Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; date of death unknown, but evidence points to May 1945) was a high-ranking German Schutzstaffel (SS) and police official during the Nazi era.

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Heinz Guderian

Heinz Wilhelm Guderian (17 June 1888 – 14 May 1954) was a German general during World War II who, after the war, became a successful memoirist.

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Hermann Göring

Hermann Wilhelm Göring (or Goering;; 12 January 1893 – 15 October 1946) was a German politician, military leader, and convicted war criminal.

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Hermann Hoth

Hermann Hoth (12 April 1885 – 25 January 1971) was a German army commander, war criminal, and author.

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History of the Jews in the Soviet Union

The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Russian Empire conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

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Holy Roman Emperor

The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum, Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Imperator Germanorum, Roman-German emperor), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.

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Hunger Plan

The Hunger Plan (der Hungerplan; der Backe-Plan) was a partially implemented plan developed by Nazi bureaucrats during World War II to seize food from the Soviet Union and give it to German soldiers and civilians.

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Icebreaker (non-fiction book)

Icebreaker: Who Started the Second World War? (Russian title: Ледокол) is a military history book by the Russian non-fiction author Viktor Suvorov, published in 1989.

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Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".

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III Corps (Continuation War)

The III Corps was a corps of the Finnish Army during the Continuation War, where Finland fought alongside Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union.

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Ilyushin Il-2

The Ilyushin Il-2 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-2) is a ground-attack plane that was produced by the Soviet Union in large numbers during the Second World War.

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IMG (company)

IMG, originally known as the International Management Group, is a global sports, fashion, events and media company headquartered in New York City.

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Intelligence agency

An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objectives.

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Internet History Sourcebooks Project

The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the Fordham University History Department and Center for Medieval Studies.

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Interwar period

In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period (or interbellum) lasted from 11November 1918 to 1September 1939 (20years, 9months, 21days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII).

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Invasion

An invasion is a military offensive of combatants of one geopolitical entity, usually in large numbers, entering territory controlled by another similar entity.

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Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.

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Invasion of Yugoslavia

The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II.

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Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia

During World War II, the Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia (Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia; CSIR) was a corps-sized expeditionary unit of the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army) that fought on the Eastern Front.

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Ivan Tyulenev

Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev (28 January 189215 August 1978) was a Soviet military commander, one of the first to be promoted to the rank of General of the Army in 1940.

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Izmail

Izmail (Ismail, Smil or Smeilu; Исмаил), is a city and municipality on the Danube river in Odesa Oblast in south-western Ukraine.

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Jürgen Förster

Jürgen Förster (born 1940) is a German historian who specialises in the history of Nazi Germany and World War II.

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Jewish Bolshevism

Jewish Bolshevism, also Judeo–Bolshevism, is an antisemitic and anti-communist conspiracy theory that claims that the Russian Revolution of 1917 was a Jewish plot and that Jews controlled the Soviet Union and international communist movements, often in furtherance of a plan to destroy Western civilization.

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Joachim Hoffmann

Joachim Hoffmann (1 December 1930 – 8 February 2002) was a German historian who was the academic director of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office.

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Joachim von Ribbentrop

Ulrich Friedrich-Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945.

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Jonathan House

Jonathan M. House (born June 22, 1950) is an American military historian and author.

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Joseph Goebbels

Paul Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and philologist who was the Gauleiter (district leader) of Berlin, chief propagandist for the Nazi Party, and then Reich Minister of Propaganda from 1933 to 1945.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Kalevala, Russia

Kalevala (Калевала; Kalevala) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kalevalsky District in the Republic of Karelia, Russia.

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Kandalaksha

Kandalaksha (Кандала́кша; Kantalahti, also Kandalax or Candalax in the old maps; Kannanlakši; Gáddeluokta; Käddluhtt) is a town in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located at the head of Kandalaksha Gulf on the White Sea, north of the Arctic Circle.

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Kantokuen

Isoroku Yamamoto Tomoyuki Yamashita Korechika Anami Henry Pu-yi |commander2.

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Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic

The Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (Karelo-Finnish SSR), also called Soviet Karelia or simply known as Karelia, was a republic of the Soviet Union.

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Kayraly

Kayraly (Kairala, Кайралы) is a rural locality (a Posyolok) in Kandalakshskiy District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

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Key events of the 20th century

The 20th century changed the world in unprecedented ways.

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Kharkiv

Kharkiv (Харків), also known as Kharkov (Харькoв), is the second-largest city in Ukraine.

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Khiytola

Khiytola (Хийтола; Hiitola) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Lakhdenpokhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia.

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Kiev Military District

The Kiev Military District (abbreviated) was a military district of the Imperial Russian Army and subsequently of the Red Army and Soviet Armed Forces.

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King asleep in mountain

The king asleep in mountain (D 1960.2 in Stith Thompson's motif index system) is a prominent folklore trope found in many folktales and legends.

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Kirov Railway

Railway between Murmansk on the Arctic Ocean and Saint Petersburg on the Baltic Sea The Kirov Railway (Kirovskaya zheleznaya doroga; until 1935 Murman Railway) is a broad gauge Russian railway network that links the Murman Coast and Murmansk city (in the north) and Saint Petersburg (in the south).

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Kliment Voroshilov

Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (Климент Ефремович Ворошилов; Klyment Okhrimovych Voroshylov), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Клим Ворошилов; 4 February 1881 – 2 December 1969), was a prominent Soviet military officer and politician during the Stalin-era.

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Kliment Voroshilov tank

The Kliment Voroshilov (KV) tanks are a series of Soviet heavy tanks named after the Soviet defence commissar and politician Kliment Voroshilov who operated with the Red Army during World War II.

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Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin (Moskovskiy Kreml'), or simply the Kremlin, is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia.

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Kursk

Kursk (Курск) is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym rivers.

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Kyiv

Kyiv (also Kiev) is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine.

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Lake Ladoga

Lake Ladoga (Ladozhskoye ozero, or label,; Laatokka;; Ladog, Ladoganjärv) is a freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, in the vicinity of Saint Petersburg.

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Lake Onega

Lake Onega (also known as Onego; Onezhskoe ozero,; Ääninen, Äänisjärvi; Livvi: Oniegujärvi; Änine, Änižjärv) is a lake in northwestern Russia, on the territory of the Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast.

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Latvia

Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

See Operation Barbarossa and Latvia

Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (Latvian SSR), also known as Soviet Latvia or simply Latvia, was de facto one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1940–1941 and 1944–1990.

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Lebensraum

Lebensraum (living space) is a German concept of expansionism and ''Völkisch'' nationalism, the philosophy and policies of which were common to German politics from the 1890s to the 1940s.

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Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism

The Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (Légion des volontaires français contre le bolchévisme, LVF) was a unit of the German Army during World War II consisting of collaborationist volunteers from France.

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Lend-Lease

Lend-Lease, formally the Lend-Lease Act and introduced as An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, in Milestone Documents, National Archives of the United States, Washington, D.C., retrieved February 8, 2024; (notes: "Passed on March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed 'vital to the defense of the United States.'"; contains photo of the original bill, H.R.

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Leningrad Military District

The Leningrad Military District (Russian: Ленингра́дский вое́нный о́круг) is a military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

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Leningrad Oblast

Leningrad Oblast (Leningradskaya oblast’) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Levée en masse

Levée en masse (or, in English, ''mass levy'') is a French term used for a policy of mass national conscription, often in the face of invasion.

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Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (Lithuanian SSR; Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinė Respublika; Litovskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as Soviet Lithuania or simply Lithuania, was de facto one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union between 1940–1941 and 1944–1990.

See Operation Barbarossa and Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

Luftflotte 1

Luftflotte 1 ("Air Fleet 1") was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.

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Luftflotte 2

Luftflotte 2 (Air Fleet 2) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.

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Luftflotte 4

Luftflotte 4 (Air Fleet 4) was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II.

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Luga (river)

The Luga is a river in Novgorodsky and Batetsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Luzhsky, Volosovsky, Slantsevsky, and Kingiseppsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast of Russia.

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Markian Popov

Markian Mikhaylovich Popov (1902–1969) was a Soviet military commander, Army General (26 August 1943), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1965).

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Marshal of the Soviet Union

Marshal of the Soviet Union (Marshal sovetskogo soyuza) was the second-highest military rank of the Soviet Union.

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Martial law

Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers.

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Martin Bormann

Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 – 2 May 1945) was a German Nazi Party official and head of the Nazi Party Chancellery, private secretary to Adolf Hitler, and a war criminal.

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Massacre

A massacre is an event of killing people who are not engaged in hostilities or are defenseless.

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Master race

The master race (Herrenrasse) is a pseudoscientific concept in Nazi ideology in which the putative "Aryan race" is deemed the pinnacle of human racial hierarchy.

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Materiel

Materiel is supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.

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Mechanised corps (Soviet Union)

A mechanised corps was a Soviet armoured formation used prior to the beginning of World War II and reintroduced during the war, in 1942.

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Medvezhyegorsk

Medvezhyegorsk (Медвежьего́рск; Karhumägi; Karhumäki) is a town and the administrative center of Medvezhyegorsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia.

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Mein Kampf

Mein Kampf is a 1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler.

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Mikhail Kirponos

Mikhail Petrovich Kirponos (Михаи́л Петро́вич Кирпоно́с, Михайло Петрович Кирпонос, Mykhailo Petrovych Kyrponos; 12 January 1892 – 20 September 1941) was a Soviet general of the Red Army during World War II.

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Mikhail Meltyukhov

Mikhail Ivanovich Meltyukhov (Russian: Михаил Иванович Мельтюхов) (born 14 March 1966) is a Russian military historian.

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Mikhail Tukhachevsky

Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (p; – 12 June 1937), nicknamed the Red Napoleon, was a Soviet general who was prominent between 1918 and 1937 as a military officer and theoretician.

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Military attaché

A military attaché or defence attaché (DA),"" Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) sometimes known as a "military diplomat",Prout, John.

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Military districts of the Soviet Union

In the Soviet Union, a military district (вое́нный о́круг, voyenny okrug) was a territorial association of military units, formations, military schools, and various local military administrative establishments known as military commissariats.

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Military doctrine

Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements.

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Military history

Military history is the study of armed conflict in the history of humanity, and its impact on the societies, cultures and economies thereof, as well as the resulting changes to local and international relationships.

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Military reserve force

A military reserve force is a military organization whose members (reservists) have military and civilian occupations.

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Ministry of Aviation (Nazi Germany)

The Ministry of Aviation (Reichsluftfahrtministerium, abbreviated RLM) was a government department during the period of Nazi Germany (1933–45).

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Minsk

Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers.

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Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Soviet Moldova, or simply Moldavia or Moldova, was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

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Moscow Canal

The Moscow Canal (Кана́л и́мени Москвы&#769), named the Moskva–Volga Canal until 1947, is a canal in Russia that connects the Moskva (river) with the Volga River.

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Moscow metropolitan area

The Moscow metropolitan area (Московская агломерация) or Moscow capital region (Московский столичный регион) is the most populous metropolitan area in Russia as well as in Europe, with a population of around 21.5 million.

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Motorized infantry

Motorized infantry is infantry that is transported by trucks or other motor vehicles.

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Mountain Corps Norway

Mountain Corps Norway (Gebirgskorps Norwegen) was a German army unit during World War II.

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Mozhaysk

MozhayskAlternative transliterations include Mozhaisk, Mozhajsk, Mozhaĭsk, and Možajsk.

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Murmansk

Murmansk (Мурманск; Мурман ланнҍ; Muurman and Murmánska) is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far northwest part of Russia.

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Muskegon Community College

Muskegon Community College (MCC) is a public community college in Muskegon, Michigan.

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Myth of the clean Wehrmacht

The myth of the clean Wehrmacht is the negationist notion that the regular German armed forces (the Wehrmacht) were not involved in the Holocaust or other war crimes during World War II.

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Narodnoe Opolcheniye

The People's Militia (popular regimentation) was the name given to irregular troops formed from the population in the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nazi Party

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.

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Neptune: The Allied Invasion of Europe and the D-Day Landings

Neptune: The Allied Invasion of Europe and the D-Day Landings is a book by Craig L. Symonds published by Oxford University Press in 2014.

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New Order (Nazism)

The New Order (Neuordnung) of Europe was the political and social system that Nazi Germany wanted to impose on the areas of Europe that it conquered and occupied.

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Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District in Russia.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.

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Nordicism

Nordicism is an ideology which views the historical race concept of the "Nordic race" as an endangered and superior racial group.

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North Caucasus

The North Caucasus, or Ciscaucasia, is a region in Europe governed by Russia.

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Northern Europe

The northern region of Europe has several definitions.

See Operation Barbarossa and Northern Europe

Northern Fleet

The Northern Fleet (Северный флот, Severnyy flot) is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Arctic.

See Operation Barbarossa and Northern Fleet

Northern Front (Soviet Union)

The Northern Front (Северный фронт) was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and Northern Front (Soviet Union)

Northwest Russia

Northwest Russia, or the Russian North is the northern part of western Russia.

See Operation Barbarossa and Northwest Russia

Northwestern Front

The Northwestern Front (Russian: Северо-Западный фронт) was a military formation of the Red Army during the Winter War and World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and Northwestern Front

Norway

Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

See Operation Barbarossa and Norway

Oberkommando der Luftwaffe

The Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (abbreviated OKL) was the high command of the air force (Luftwaffe) of Nazi Germany.

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Oberkommando der Wehrmacht

The Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (abbreviated OKW; Armed Forces High Command) was the supreme military command and control office of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Oberkommando des Heeres

The Oberkommando des Heeres (abbreviated OKH) was the high command of the Army of Nazi Germany.

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Odessa Military District

The Odessa Military District (Одесский военный округ, ОВО;, abbreviated) was a military administrative division of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

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Olonets

Olonets (Оло́нец; Anus, Anuksenlinnu; Aunus, Aunuksenkaupunki or Aunuksenlinna) is a town and the administrative center of Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the Olonka River to the east of Lake Ladoga.

See Operation Barbarossa and Olonets

Operation Bagration

Operation Bagration (Operatsiya Bagration) was the codename for the 1944 Soviet Byelorussian strategic offensive operation (Belorusskaya nastupatelnaya operatsiya "Bagration"), a military campaign fought between 22 June and 19 August 1944 in Soviet Byelorussia in the Eastern Front of World War II, just over two weeks after the start of Operation Overlord in the west, causing Nazi Germany to have to fight on two major fronts at the same time.

See Operation Barbarossa and Operation Bagration

Operation Citadel

Operation Citadel (Unternehmen Zitadelle) was the German offensive operation in July 1943 against Soviet forces in the Kursk salient, proposed by Generalfeldmarschall Fritz Erich Georg Eduard von Manstein during the Second World War on the Eastern Front that initiated the Battle of Kursk.

See Operation Barbarossa and Operation Citadel

Operation Haifisch

Operation Haifisch (Shark) was a German codename for the cover operation against the United Kingdom in World War II, intended (like Operation Harpune) to conceal preparations for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union.

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Operation Harpune

In World War II, Operation Harpune (Harpoon) was the major German deception plan of 1941.

See Operation Barbarossa and Operation Harpune

Operation Kilpapurjehdus

Operation Kilpapurjehdus ("Regatta") was the covername for the militarization of the Åland islands during World War II. Operation Barbarossa and Operation Kilpapurjehdus are June 1941 events and military operations involving Finland.

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Operation Kutuzov

Operation Kutuzov was the first of the two counteroffensives launched by the Red Army as part of the Kursk Strategic Offensive Operation.

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Operation Otto

Operation Otto, also known as Plan Otto, was the code name for two independent plans by Nazi Germany.

See Operation Barbarossa and Operation Otto

Operation Rentier

Operation Rentier ('Reindeer') was a German operation during World War II intended to secure the nickel mines around Petsamo in Finland, against a Soviet attack in the event of a renewed war between Finland and the Soviet Union. Operation Barbarossa and operation Rentier are June 1941 events and military operations involving Finland.

See Operation Barbarossa and Operation Rentier

Operation Silver Fox

Operation Silver Fox (Silberfuchs; Hopeakettu) from 29 June to 17 November 1941, was a joint German–Finnish military operation during the Continuation War on the Eastern Front of World War II against the Soviet Union. Operation Barbarossa and operation Silver Fox are military operations involving Finland.

See Operation Barbarossa and Operation Silver Fox

Order No. 270

Order No.

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Oryol

Oryol (a), also transliterated as Orel or Oriol, is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, situated on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow.

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Ostarbeiter

Ostarbeiter ("Eastern worker") was a Nazi German designation for foreign slave workers gathered from occupied Central and Eastern Europe to perform forced labor in Germany during World War II.

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Ostsiedlung

Ostsiedlung is the term for the Early Medieval and High Medieval migration of ethnic Germans and Germanization of the areas populated by Slavic, Baltic and Finnic peoples, the most settled area was known as Germania Slavica.

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Otto the Great

Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (Otto der Große Ottone il Grande), or Otto of Saxony (Otto von Sachsen Ottone di Sassonia), was East Frankish king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973.

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Parameters (journal)

Parameters is a quarterly academic journal published by the United States Army War College.

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Partisan (military)

A partisan is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

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Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist

Paul Ludwig Ewald von Kleist (8 August 1881 – 13 November 1954) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Pavel Zhigarev

Pavel Fyodorovich Zhigarev (Па́вел Фёдорович Жи́гарев; November 6, 1900 – August 2, 1963) was a Soviet commander-in-chief of the Soviet Air Forces (VVS) twice (1941–1942, 1949–1957), and also served as the Chief Marshal of Aviation from 1955–1959.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

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Pechengsky District

Pechengsky District (Пе́ченгский райо́н; Petsamo; Peisen; Beahcán; Peäccam) is an administrative district (raion), one of the six in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

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People's Commissariat for State Security

The People's Commissariat for State Security (Narodnyy komissariat gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti) or NKGB, was the name of the Soviet secret police, intelligence and counter-intelligence force that existed from 3 February 1941 to 20 July 1941, and again from 1943 to 1946, before being renamed the Ministry for State Security (MGB).

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Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan

The petroleum industry in Azerbaijan produces about of oil per day and 29 billion cubic meters of gas per year as of 2013.

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Petroleum reservoir

A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.

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Petrozavodsk

Petrozavodsk (p; Karelian, Vepsian and Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some.

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Pincer movement

The pincer movement, or double envelopment, is a military maneuver in which forces simultaneously attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation.

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Pinsk Marshes

The Pinsk Marshes (Pinskiya baloty), also known as the Pripet Marshes (Prypiackija baloty), the Polesie Marshes, and the Rokitno Marshes, are a vast natural region of wetlands in Polesia, along the forested basin of the Pripyat River and its tributaries from Brest to the west, Mogilev in the northeast, and Kyiv to the southeast.

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Pocket (military)

A pocket is a group of combat forces that have been isolated by opposing forces from their logistical base and other friendly forces.

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Political commissar

In the military, a political commissar or political officer (or politruk, a portmanteau word from politicheskiy rukovoditel; or political instructor) is a supervisory officer responsible for the political education (ideology) and organization of the unit to which they are assigned, with the intention of ensuring political control of the military.

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Povenets

Povenets (Повене́ц; Poventsa; Poventsa) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Medvezhyegorsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the shore of Lake Onega, north of Petrozavodsk, the capital of the republic.

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Preemptive war

A preemptive war is a war that is commenced in an attempt to repel or defeat a perceived imminent offensive or invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in an impending (allegedly unavoidable) war shortly before that attack materializes.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Prut

The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth;, Прут) is a river in Eastern Europe.

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Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.

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Pskov

Pskov (p; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River.

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Puppet state

A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.

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Racial policy of Nazi Germany

The racial policy of Nazi Germany was a set of policies and laws implemented in Nazi Germany under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler, based on pseudoscientific and racist doctrines asserting the superiority of the putative "Aryan race", which claimed scientific legitimacy.

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Racial segregation

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.

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Rasputitsa

Rasputitsa (from; literally "season of bad roads"), also called (from), is the mud season that occurs in various rural areas of Eastern Europe, when the rapid snowmelt or thawing of frozen ground combined with wet weather in spring, or heavy rains in autumn, lead to muddy conditions that make travel on unpaved roads problematic and even treacherous.

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Raul Hilberg

Raul Hilberg (June 2, 1926 – August 4, 2007) was a Jewish Austrian-born American political scientist and historian.

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Reconnaissance

In military operations, military reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration of an area by military forces to obtain information about enemy forces, the terrain, and civil activities in the area of operations.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Reich Security Main Office

The Reich Security Main Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, RSHA) was an organization under Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacity as Chef der Deutschen Polizei (Chief of German Police) and, the head of the Nazi Party's Schutzstaffel (SS).

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Reichskommissar

(rendered as "Commissioner of the Empire", "Reich Commissioner" or "Imperial Commissioner"), in German history, was an official governatorial title used for various public offices during the period of the German Empire and Nazi Germany.

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Reichskommissariat Kaukasien

The Reichskommissariat Kaukasien (Reykhskomissariat Kavkaz, Reichskommissariat Kaukasien), also spelled Kaukasus, was the theoretical political division and planned civilian occupation regime of Germany in the occupied territories of the Caucasus region during World War II.

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Reichskommissariat Moskowien

Reichskommissariat Moskowien (RKM; Reich Commissariat of Muscovy) was the civilian occupation-regime that Nazi Germany intended to establish in central and northern European Russia during World War II, one of several similar Reichskommissariate.

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Reichskommissariat Ostland

The Reichskommissariat Ostland (RKO) was established by Nazi Germany in 1941 during World War II.

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Reichskommissariat Turkestan

Reichskommissariat Turkestan (also spelled as Turkistan, abbreviated as RKT) was a projected Reichskommissariat that Germany proposed to create in Russia and the Central Asian republics of the Soviet Union in its military conflict with that country during World War II.

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Reichskommissariat Ukraine

The Reichskommissariat Ukraine (RKU) was established by Nazi Germany in 1941 during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and Reichskommissariat Ukraine

Reinhard Heydrich

Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904 – 4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a principal architect of the Holocaust.

See Operation Barbarossa and Reinhard Heydrich

Repopulation

Repopulation is the phenomenon of increasing the numerical size of human inhabitants or organisms of a particular species after they had almost gone extinct.

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Reserve of the Supreme High Command

The Reserve of the Supreme High Command (Russian: Резерв Верховного Главнокомандования; also known as the Stavka Reserve or RVGK (РВГК.) or RGK (РГК — Резерв Главного Командования). comprises reserve military formations and units; the Stavka Reserve acted as the principal military reserve of the Soviet Red Army during World War II, and the RVGK now operates as part of the Russian Armed Forces under the control of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces (Верховный главнокомандующий.) — the President of the Russian Federation.

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Richard Sorge

Richard Sorge (Rikhard Gustavovich Zorge; 4 October 1895 – 7 November 1944) was a German journalist and Soviet military intelligence officer who was active before and during World War II and worked undercover as a German journalist in both Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan.

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Risto Ryti

Risto Heikki Ryti (3 February 1889 – 25 October 1956) was a Finnish politician who served as the fifth president of Finland from 1940 to 1944.

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Robert Service (historian)

Robert John Service (born 29 October 1947) is a post-revisionist British historian, academic, and author who has written extensively on the history of the Soviet Union, particularly the era from the October Revolution to Stalin's death.

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Romanian Navy during World War II

The Romanian Navy during World War II was the main Axis naval force in the Black Sea campaigns and fought against the Soviet Union's Black Sea Fleet from 1941 to 1944.

See Operation Barbarossa and Romanian Navy during World War II

Rostov-on-Don

Rostov-on-Don is a port city and the administrative centre of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia.

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Russian North

The Russian North (Русский Север) is an ethnocultural region situated in the northwestern part of Russia.

See Operation Barbarossa and Russian North

Rybachy Peninsula

Rybachy Peninsula (полуо́стров Рыба́чий, poluostrov Rybachiy; Giehkirnjárga; Fiskerhalvøya; Kalastajasaarento) is the northernmost part of continental European Russia.

See Operation Barbarossa and Rybachy Peninsula

Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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Salient (military)

A salient, also known as a bulge, is a battlefield feature that projects into enemy territory.

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Salla

Salla (Kuolajärvi until 1936) (Kyelijävri) is a municipality of Finland, located in Lapland.

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Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a subregion of Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples.

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Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Scorched earth

A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy of destroying everything that allows an enemy military force to be able to fight a war, including the deprivation and destruction of water, food, humans, animals, plants and any kind of tools and infrastructure.

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Sea of Azov

The Sea of Azov is an inland shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea.

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Security Division (Wehrmacht)

Security Divisions (German: Sicherungs-Divisionen) were German rear-area military units engaged in Nazi security warfare in occupied Europe during World War II.

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Semyon Budyonny

Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (a; – 26 October 1973) was a Soviet cavalryman, military commander during the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War and World War II, and politician, who was a close political ally of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

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Semyon Timoshenko

Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (Семён Константинович Тимошенко; Semen Kostiantynovych Tymoshenko; – 31 March 1970) was a Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, and one of the most prominent Red Army commanders during the Second World War.

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Separate Coastal Army

The Separate Coastal Army (Приморская армия), also translated to English as Independent Coastal Army, was an army-level unit in the Red Army that fought in World War II.

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Sevastopol

Sevastopol, sometimes written Sebastopol, is the largest city in Crimea and a major port on the Black Sea.

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Shlisselburg

Shlisselburg (Шлиссельбу́рг,; Schlüsselburg; Pähkinälinna; Nöteborg), formerly Oreshek (Орешек) (1323–1611) and Petrokrepost (Петрокрепость) (1944–1992), is a town in Kirovsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the head of the Neva River on Lake Ladoga, east of St.

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Shortage

In economics, a shortage or excess demand is a situation in which the demand for a product or service exceeds its supply in a market.

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Siberia

Siberia (Sibir') is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.

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Siege of Leningrad

The Siege of Leningrad was a prolonged military siege undertaken by the Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) on the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Slavko Kvaternik

Slavko Kvaternik (25 August 1878 – 7 June 1947) was a Croatian Ustaše military general and politician who was one of the founders of the Ustaše movement.

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Slavs

The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages.

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Slovak Expeditionary Army Group

The Slovak Expeditionary Army Group was an element of the military forces of the Slovak Republic that fought under Nazi German command on the Eastern Front during World War II.

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Smolensk

Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow.

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Sortavala

Sortavala (Сортавала; Finnish and Sortavala; Sordavala), previously known as Serdobol (label) until 1918, is a town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finnish border, west of Petrozavodsk, the capital city of the Republic of Karelia.

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Southern Front (Soviet Union)

The Southern Front was a front, a formation about the size of an army group of the Soviet Army during the Second World War.

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Southwestern Front (Soviet Union)

The Southwestern Front was a front of the Red Army during the Second World War, formed thrice.

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Soviet Air Defence Forces

The Soviet Air Defence Forces (войска ПВО, voyska protivovozdushnoy oborony, voyska PVO, V-PVO, lit. Anti-Air Defence Troops; and formerly protivovozdushnaya oborona strany, PVO strany, lit. Anti-Air Defence of the Country) was the air defence branch of the Soviet Armed Forces.

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Soviet Air Forces

The Soviet Air Forces (r, VVS SSSR; literally "Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"; initialism VVS, sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force", were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II.

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Soviet Central Asia

Soviet Central Asia (Sovetskaya Srednyaya Aziya) was the part of Central Asia administered by the Soviet Union between 1918 and 1991, when the Central Asian republics declared independence.

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Soviet invasion of Poland

The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war.

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Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

Between 28 June and 3 July 1940, the Soviet Union occupied Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, following an ultimatum made to Romania on 26 June 1940 that threatened the use of force.

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Soviet offensive plans controversy

The Soviet offensive plans controversy was a debate among historians in the late 20th and early 21st centuries as to whether Joseph Stalin had planned to launch an attack against Nazi Germany in the summer of 1941.

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Soviet partisans

Soviet partisans were members of resistance movements that fought a guerrilla war against Axis forces during World War II in the Soviet Union, the previously Soviet-occupied territories of interwar Poland in 1941–45 and eastern Finland.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Sphere of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.

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Stalin Line

The Stalin Line was a line of fortifications along the western border of the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Stavka

The Stavka (Russian and Ukrainian: Ставка, Belarusian: Стаўка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces formerly used formerly in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine.

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Steppe

In physical geography, a steppe is an ecoregion characterized by grassland plains without closed forests except near rivers and lakes.

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Summary execution

In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial.

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Svir

The Svir (Karelian and Finnish: Syväri) is a river in Podporozhsky, Lodeynopolsky, and Volkhovsky districts in the north-east of Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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T-34

The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank from World War II.

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Tank

A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat.

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Tanks in the German Army

This article deals with the tanks (Panzer) serving in the German Army (Deutsches Heer) throughout history, such as the World War I tanks of the Imperial German Army, the interwar and World War II tanks of the Nazi German Wehrmacht, the Cold War tanks of the West German and East German Armies, all the way to the present day tanks of the Bundeswehr.

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

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Theater (warfare)

In warfare, a theater or theatre is an area in which important military events occur or are in progress.

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Third Army (Romania)

The 3rd Army (Armata a 3-a Română) was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s.

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Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by three European monarchs of Western Christianity (Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.

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Thuringia

Thuringia, officially the Free State of Thuringia, is a state of central Germany, covering, the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states.

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Timeline of the Eastern Front of World War II

The Eastern Front was a theatre of World War II which primarily involved combat between the nations and allies of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

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Tripartite Pact

The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano, and Saburō Kurusu (in that order) and in the presence of Adolf Hitler.

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Tula, Russia

Tula (Тула) is the largest city and the administrative center of Tula Oblast in Russia, located south of Moscow.

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Turkmens

Turkmens (Türkmenler, italic,,; historically "the Turkmen") are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainska Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika; Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.

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Ultra (cryptography)

adopted by British military intelligence in June 1941 for wartime signals intelligence obtained by breaking high-level encrypted enemy radio and teleprinter communications at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park.

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Uman

Uman (Умань) is a city in Cherkasy Oblast, central Ukraine.

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Untermensch

Untermensch (plural: Untermenschen) is a German language word literally meaning 'underman', 'sub-man', or 'subhuman', that was extensively used by Germany's Nazi Party to refer to non-Aryan people they deemed as inferior.

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Valeri Danilov

Valeri Danilov (also spelled: Valeriy; Russian:Валерий Дмитриевич Данилов) is a Russian military historian and a retired officer (Colonel).

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Vaseline

VaselineAlso pronounced with the main stress on the last syllable.

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Verman (river)

The Verman (Верман, Vermanjoki) is a river in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

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Victor Davis Hanson

Victor Davis Hanson (born September 5, 1953) is an American classicist, military historian, and conservative political commentator.

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Viktor Suvorov

Vladimir Bogdanovich Rezun (Владимир Богданович Резун; Володи́мир Богда́нович Рєзу́н; born 20 April 1947), known by his pseudonym of Viktor Suvorov (Виктор Суворов) is a former Soviet GRU officer who is the author of non-fiction books about World War II, the GRU and the Soviet Army, as well as fictional books about the same and related subjects.

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Vilnius

Vilnius, previously known in English as Vilna, is the capital of and largest city in Lithuania and the second-most-populous city in the Baltic states.

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Vladimir Nevezhin

Vladimir Nevezhin (Владимир Александрович Невежин) is a Russian historian (Doctor of History Sciences), is working as a professor in Moscow, chief scientific collaborator at the Institute of Russian History (of the Russian Academy of Science) and member of the editorial board of the journal Отечественная история (History of the Fatherland).

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Volga

The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of, and a catchment area of., Russian State Water Registry It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of drainage basin.

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Vuoksi

The Vuoksi (Вуокса, historically: "Uzerva"; Vuokša; Vuoksi; Vuoksen) is a river running through the northernmost part of the Karelian Isthmus from Lake Saimaa in southeastern Finland to Lake Ladoga in northwestern Russia.

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Vyacheslav Molotov

Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich Molotov (9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician, diplomat, and revolutionary who was a leading figure in the government of the Soviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s, as one of Joseph Stalin's closest allies.

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Vyazma

Vyazma (Вязьма) is a town and the administrative center of Vyazemsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Vyazma River, about halfway between Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast, and Mozhaysk.

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Vyborg

Vyborg (Выборг,; Viipuri,; Viborg) is a town and the administrative center of Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Waffen-SS

The Waffen-SS was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation.

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Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts

During World War II, the Waffen-SS recruited significant numbers of non-Germans, both as volunteers and conscripts.

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Walther von Brauchitsch

Walther Heinrich Alfred Hermann von Brauchitsch (4 October 1881 – 18 October 1948) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (Field Marshal) and Commander-in-Chief (Oberbefehlshaber) of the German Army during the first two years of World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and Walther von Brauchitsch

War crime

A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war, torture, taking hostages, unnecessarily destroying civilian property, deception by perfidy, wartime sexual violence, pillaging, and for any individual that is part of the command structure who orders any attempt to committing mass killings including genocide or ethnic cleansing, the granting of no quarter despite surrender, the conscription of children in the military and flouting the legal distinctions of proportionality and military necessity.

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War diary

A war diary is a regularly updated official record kept by military units of their activities during wartime.

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War effort

In politics and military planning, a war effort is a coordinated mobilization of society's resources—both industrial and human—towards the support of a military force.

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War of annihilation

A war of annihilation (Vernichtungskrieg) or war of extermination is a type of war in which the goal is the complete annihilation of a state, a people or an ethnic minority through genocide or through the destruction of their livelihood.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Western Front (Soviet Union)

The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II.

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Wilhelm Keitel

Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (22 September 188216 October 1946) was a German field marshal who held office as chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the high command of Nazi Germany's armed forces, during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and Wilhelm Keitel

Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb

Wilhelm Josef Franz Ritter von Leeb (5 September 1876 – 29 April 1956) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War, who was subsequently convicted of war crimes.

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William L. Shirer

William Lawrence Shirer (February 23, 1904 – December 28, 1993) was an American journalist and war correspondent.

See Operation Barbarossa and William L. Shirer

Winter War

The Winter War was a war between the Soviet Union and Finland.

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Winterization

Winterization is the process of preparing something for the winter, and is a form of ruggedization.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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World War II casualties

World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history.

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World War II casualties of the Soviet Union

World War II losses of the Soviet Union were about 27,000,000 both civilian and military from all war-related causes, although exact figures are disputed.

See Operation Barbarossa and World War II casualties of the Soviet Union

World War II in Colour

World War II in Colour is a 13-episode British television docuseries recounting the major events of World War II narrated by Robert Powell.

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Worldview

A worldview or a world-view or Weltanschauung is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view.

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XXXVI Mountain Corps (Wehrmacht)

The XXXVI Corps was a German military formation in World War II.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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Yelnya offensive

The Yelnya offensive (August 30 – September 8, 1941) was a military operation by the Soviet Army during the Battle of Smolensk during Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, which began the German-Soviet War.

See Operation Barbarossa and Yelnya offensive

Zapadnaya Litsa (river)

The Zapadnaya Litsa (Западная Лица; Sapadnaja Liza; Litsajoki) is a river in the north of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia.

See Operation Barbarossa and Zapadnaya Litsa (river)

Zhou Enlai

Zhou Enlai (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was a Chinese statesman, diplomat, and revolutionary who served as the first Premier of the People's Republic of China from September 1954 until his death in January 1976.

See Operation Barbarossa and Zhou Enlai

10th Army (Soviet Union)

The 10th Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army was a field army active from 1939 to 1944.

See Operation Barbarossa and 10th Army (Soviet Union)

10th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 10th Mechanized Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 10th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

11th Army (Soviet Union)

The 11th Army was an army of the Red Army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 11th Army (Soviet Union)

11th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 11th Army (11.) was a World War II field army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 11th Army (Wehrmacht)

11th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 11th Mechanized Corps was a mechanized corps of the Red Army, formed twice.

See Operation Barbarossa and 11th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

12th Army (Soviet Union)

The 12th Army was a field army of the Red Army formed multiple times during the Russian Civil War and World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 12th Army (Soviet Union)

12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 12th Mechanized Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 12th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

13th Army (Soviet Union)

The 13th Army was a name given to several field armies of the Soviet Union's Red Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 13th Army (Soviet Union)

13th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 13th Mechanized Corps (Military Unit Number 9825) was a mechanized corps of the Red Army, formed in March 1941.

See Operation Barbarossa and 13th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

14th Army (Soviet Union)

The 14th Army was a field army of the Soviet Army, formed twice.

See Operation Barbarossa and 14th Army (Soviet Union)

14th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 14th Mechanized Corps (Military Unit Number 8535) was a mechanized corps of the Red Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 14th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

16th Army (Soviet Union)

The 16th Army was a Soviet field army active from 1940 to 1945.

See Operation Barbarossa and 16th Army (Soviet Union)

16th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 16th Army (16.) was a World War II field army of the Wehrmacht.

See Operation Barbarossa and 16th Army (Wehrmacht)

17th Army (Wehrmacht)

The German Seventeenth Army was a field army of Nazi Germany during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 17th Army (Wehrmacht)

17th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 17th Mechanized Corps (Military Unit Number 9406) was a mechanised unit of the Red Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 17th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

18th Army (Soviet Union)

The 18th Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army was formed on 21 June 1941 on the basis of HQ Kharkov Military District and armies of the Kiev Special Military District.

See Operation Barbarossa and 18th Army (Soviet Union)

18th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 18th Army (German: 18. Armee) was a World War II field army in the German Wehrmacht.

See Operation Barbarossa and 18th Army (Wehrmacht)

19th Army (Soviet Union)

The 19th Army was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, formed in 1941 and active during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 19th Army (Soviet Union)

1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 1st Mechanized Corps was a mechanized corps of the Red Army during World War II that formed twice.

See Operation Barbarossa and 1st Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

1st Panzer Army

The 1st Panzer Army (1.) was a German tank army that was a large armoured formation of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 1st Panzer Army

20th Army (Soviet Union)

The 20th Army was a field army of the Red Army that fought on the Eastern Front during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 20th Army (Soviet Union)

20th Guards Motor Rifle Division

The 20th Guards Carpathian-Berlin Motor Rifle Division is a formation of the Russian Ground Forces, originally formed within the Soviet Red Army as the 3rd Mechanised Corps.

See Operation Barbarossa and 20th Guards Motor Rifle Division

20th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

The German 20th Infantry Division was an infantry division of Nazi Germany.

See Operation Barbarossa and 20th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)

20th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 20th Mechanized Corps (Military Unit Number 2802) was a mechanized corps of the Red Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 20th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

21st Army (Soviet Union)

The Soviet 21st Army was a field army of the Red Army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 21st Army (Soviet Union)

22nd Army (Soviet Union)

The 22nd Army was a field army of the Red Army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 22nd Army (Soviet Union)

23rd Army (Soviet Union)

The 23rd Army was a Field Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 23rd Army (Soviet Union)

24th Army (Soviet Union)

The 24th Army was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, formed in 1941 and active during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 24th Army (Soviet Union)

25th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 25th Mechanized Corps (Military Unit Number 7655) was a Mechanized corps of the Red Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 25th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

26th Army (Soviet Union)

The 26th Army (Russian: 26-я армия 26-ya armiya) was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, active from 1941.

See Operation Barbarossa and 26th Army (Soviet Union)

26th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 26th Mechanized Corps (Military Unit Number 7476) was a Mechanized corps of the Red Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 26th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

27th Army (Soviet Union)

The 27th Army was a field army of the Soviet Union's Red Army, which fought in World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 27th Army (Soviet Union)

28th Army (Soviet Union)

The 28th Army was a field army of the Red Army and the Soviet Ground Forces, formed three times in 1941–42 and active during the postwar period for many years in the Belorussian Military District.

See Operation Barbarossa and 28th Army (Soviet Union)

2nd Army (Wehrmacht)

The 2nd Army (2.) was a field army of the German Army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 2nd Army (Wehrmacht)

2nd Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 2nd Mechanised Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 2nd Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

2nd Panzer Army

The 2nd Panzer Army (2.) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 2nd Panzer Group on October 5, 1941.

See Operation Barbarossa and 2nd Panzer Army

2nd Rifle Corps

The 2nd Rifle Corps was an infantry corps of the Red Army during the interwar period and World War II, formed twice.

See Operation Barbarossa and 2nd Rifle Corps

34th Army (Soviet Union)

The 34th Army was part of the Red Army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 34th Army (Soviet Union)

369th Croatian Reinforced Infantry Regiment (Wehrmacht)

The 369th (Croatian) Reinforced Infantry Regiment (369.) was a regiment of the German Army raised to fight on the Eastern Front during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 369th Croatian Reinforced Infantry Regiment (Wehrmacht)

37th Army (Soviet Union)

The 37th Army was an Army-level formation of the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The army was formed twice during the war.

See Operation Barbarossa and 37th Army (Soviet Union)

3rd Army (Soviet Union)

The 3rd Army was a field army of the Red Army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 3rd Army (Soviet Union)

3rd Panzer Army

The 3rd Panzer Army (3.) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 3rd Panzer Group on 1 January 1942.

See Operation Barbarossa and 3rd Panzer Army

40th Army (Soviet Union)

The 40th Army (40-ya obshchevoyskovaya armiya, "40th Combined Arms Army") of the Soviet Ground Forces was an army-level command that participated in World War II from 1941 to 1945 and was reformed specifically for the Soviet–Afghan War from 1979 to circa 1990.

See Operation Barbarossa and 40th Army (Soviet Union)

48th Army (Soviet Union)

The 48th Army was a field army of the Soviet Red Army, active from 1941 to 1945.

See Operation Barbarossa and 48th Army (Soviet Union)

4th Airborne Corps (Soviet Union)

The 4th Airborne Corps was an airborne corps of the Red Army in World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 4th Airborne Corps (Soviet Union)

4th Army (Soviet Union)

The 4th Army was a Soviet field army of World War II that served on the Eastern front of World War II and in the Caucasus during the Cold War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 4th Army (Soviet Union)

4th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 4th Army was a field army of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 4th Army (Wehrmacht)

4th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 4th Mechanized Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 4th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

4th Panzer Army

The 4th Panzer Army (4.), operating as Panzer Group 4 (label) from its formation on 15 February 1941 to 1 January 1942, was a German panzer formation during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 4th Panzer Army

4th Territorial Army Corps (Romania)

The 4th Territorial Army Corps previously the 4th Army Corps was a corps of the Romanian Land Forces active from at least 1941 to 2000.

See Operation Barbarossa and 4th Territorial Army Corps (Romania)

50th Army (Soviet Union)

The 50th Army was a Soviet field army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 50th Army (Soviet Union)

52nd Army (Soviet Union)

The 52nd Army was a field army of the Red Army of the Soviet Union in World War II, formed twice.

See Operation Barbarossa and 52nd Army (Soviet Union)

54th Army (Soviet Union)

The Red Army's 54th Army was a Soviet field army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 54th Army (Soviet Union)

55th Army (Soviet Union)

The 55th Army was a field army of the Red Army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 55th Army (Soviet Union)

5th Combined Arms Army

The 5th Guards Combined Arms Red Banner Army (5-я гвардейская общевойсковая армия) is a Russian Ground Forces formation in the Eastern Military District.

See Operation Barbarossa and 5th Combined Arms Army

5th Guards Motor Rifle Division

The 5th Guards Zimovnikovskaya order Kutuzov II degree Motor Rifle Division, (Military Unit Number (V/Ch) 51852 from 1979) named on the 60th anniversary of the USSR, was a military formation of the Soviet Ground Forces.

See Operation Barbarossa and 5th Guards Motor Rifle Division

5th Mechanised Corps (Soviet Union)

The 5th Mechanised Corps was a mechanised corps of the Red Army, formed on three occasions.

See Operation Barbarossa and 5th Mechanised Corps (Soviet Union)

6th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 6th Army (6.) was a field army of the German Army during World War II.

See Operation Barbarossa and 6th Army (Wehrmacht)

6th Combined Arms Army

The 6th Combined Arms Army is a field army of the Red Army and the Soviet Army that was active with the Russian Ground Forces until 1998 and has been active since 2010 as the 6th Combined Arms Army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 6th Combined Arms Army

7th Army (Soviet Union)

The 7th Army (Russian: 7-я армия) was a Soviet Red Army field army during World War II, primarily against Finland.

See Operation Barbarossa and 7th Army (Soviet Union)

7th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 7th Mechanized Corps was a mechanized corps of the Red Army, formed three times.

See Operation Barbarossa and 7th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

8th Army (Soviet Union)

The 8th Army was a field army of the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War.

See Operation Barbarossa and 8th Army (Soviet Union)

8th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 8th Mechanized Corps, was a mechanized corps of the Soviet Ground Forces.

See Operation Barbarossa and 8th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

9th Army (Soviet Union)

The 9th Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army was a Soviet field army, active from 1939 to 1943.

See Operation Barbarossa and 9th Army (Soviet Union)

9th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 9th Army (9.) was a World War II field army.

See Operation Barbarossa and 9th Army (Wehrmacht)

9th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 9th Mechanized Corps was a mechanized corps of the Soviet Red Army, formed twice.

See Operation Barbarossa and 9th Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

See also

Invasions of Russia

• Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
• Attrition warfare against Napoleon
• Caucasus campaign
• Continuation War
• Crimean War
• Eastern Front (World War I)
• Eastern Front (World War II)
• French invasion of Russia
• Ingrian War
• Japanese intervention in Siberia
• Japanese invasion of Sakhalin
• Livonian campaign against Rus'
• Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
• Operation Barbarossa
• Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)
• Polish–Soviet War
• Russo-Crimean Wars
• Swedish invasion of Russia
• War in Dagestan (1999)

Invasions of Ukraine

• Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine
• Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
• Operation Barbarossa
• Russian invasion of Ukraine
• Russo-Ukrainian War

June 1941 events

• 1941 Białystok massacres
• 1941 Birthday Honours
• 1941 pogroms in Lithuania
• 1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
• Alikianos executions
• Battle of Białystok–Minsk
• Battle of Brody (1941)
• Battle of Crete
• Battle of Damascus (1941)
• Battle of Jezzine (1941)
• Battle of Kissoué
• Battle of Lwów (1941)
• Battle of Merdjayoun
• Battle of Raseiniai
• Battle of Sidon (1941)
• Battle of the Litani River
• Berezwecz-Taklinovo Death Road
• Bombing of Kassa
• Chervyen massacre
• Declaration of St James's Palace
• Defense of Brest Fortress
• Iași pogrom
• June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina
• June Uprising in Lithuania
• June deportation
• Kaunas pogrom
• Massacre of Kondomari
• Midsummer crisis
• NKVD prisoner massacre in Berezhany
• NKVD prisoner massacre in Dubno
• NKVD prisoner massacre in Lutsk
• NKVD prisoner massacre in Sambir
• NKVD prisoner massacre in Zolochiv
• NKVD prisoner massacres in Lviv
• Operation Barbarossa
• Operation Battleaxe
• Operation Kilpapurjehdus
• Operation Rentier
• Rašića Gaj massacres
• Raid on Constanța
• Rainiai massacre
• Razing of Kandanos
• Refah tragedy
• Siege of Saïo
• Siege of Tobruk
• Valozhyn-Tarasovo Death Road
• Vilyeyka-Barysaw Death Road

Military operations involving Finland

• Counterinsurgency in Northern Afghanistan
• Finnish invasion of East Karelia (1941)
• Operation Arctic Fox
• Operation Barbarossa
• Operation Hokki
• Operation Kilpapurjehdus
• Operation Northwind (1941)
• Operation Platinum Fox
• Operation Rentier
• Operation Silver Fox
• Operation Stella Polaris
• Operation Tanne Ost

Military operations of World War II

• Allied invasion of Sicily
• Campaigns of World War II
• Chetnik Command
• Eagle Project
• Holzauge
• List of Axis operational codenames in the European Theatre
• List of Japanese operations during World War II
• List of World War II battles
• List of World War II military operations
• List of military operations in the West European Theater during World War II by year
• List of theaters and campaigns of World War II
• Operation Barbarossa
• Operation Causeway
• Operation Deadlight
• Operation Diplomat
• Operation Downfall
• Operation Fish
• Operation Harborage
• Operation Inmate
• Operation Jedburgh
• Operation Lustre
• Operation Market Garden
• Operation Overlord
• Operation Rösselsprung (1942)
• Operation RY
• Operation Tidal Wave
• Operation Valkyrie
• Operation Weserübung
• Operation Wunderland
• Operation Zarin
• Second Battle of El Alamein

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa

Also known as 1941 Invasion of Russia, Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, Barbarossa plan, Crusade against Bolshevism, Encirclements in 1941, Fall Barbarossa, German attack on the Soviet Union, German attack on the USSR, German encirclements of Soviet forces during Operation Barbarossa, German invasion of Russia, German invasion of Russian territory, German invasion of Soviet Union, German invasion of the Soviet Union, German invasion of the USSR, German offensive against the Soviet Union, Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Germany attacked the USSR, Germany invaded the USSR, Germany launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union, Germany's invasion of the USSR, Germna invasion of Russia, Hitler's invasion of russia, Invaded the Soviet Union, Invasion of Russia (World War II), Invasion of the Soviet Union, Invasion of the Soviet Union (World War II), Invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany, Invasion of the USSR by Nazi Germany, Nazi German invasion of the Soviet Union, Nazi German invasion of the USSR, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany invaded the USSR, Nazi invasion of Russia, Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Nazi invasion of the USSR, Operation Barbarosa, Operation Barbarossa in the USA, Operation Barbarrossa, Operation Barbossa, Operation Red Beard, Operation barberossa, Summer-Autumn Campaign of 1941, Unternehmen Barbarossa.

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