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207 relations: Adolf Busemann, Adolf Thiel, Aeronautics, Aerospace engineering, Aerospace Medical Association, Air Force Association, Alexander Lippisch, Alsos Mission, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Annie Jacobsen, Anselm Franz, Anton Flettner, Architecture, Arthur Rudolph, Battle of Stalingrad, BBC News, Bernhard Tessmann, Biological warfare, Bitterfeld, Boston, Camp Ashcan, Carmel Offie, Chemical weapon, Chief of Ordnance of the United States Army, Chihuahua (state), Ciudad Juárez, Cold War, Counterintelligence Corps, Cryptography, Cuxhaven, Debus (crater), Democracy Now!, Department of Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Award, Deutsche Mark, Dieter Grau, Dora Trial, Eberhard Rees, Electronics, Engineering, Eric Lichtblau, Erich Traub, Ernst Geissler, Ernst R. G. Eckert, Ernst Steinhoff, Ernst Stuhlinger, Fedden Mission, Field Information Agency; Technical (FIAT), Fischer–Tropsch process, Fort Bliss, Fort Strong, ..., Frankfurt, Friedwardt Winterberg, Fritz Karl Preikschat, Fritz Mueller, Georg Rickhey, Georg von Tiesenhausen, Gerhard Neumann, Greater Germanic Reich, Guidance system, Hans Amtmann, Hans Fichtner, Hans Hollmann, Hans K. Ziegler, Hans Multhopp, Hans von Ohain, Harper (publisher), Harry S. Truman, Heinz Haber, Heinz Schlicke, Heinz-Hermann Koelle, Helmut Hölzer, Henschel Hs 293, Herbert A. Wagner, Herbert Axster, Hermann Oberth, Hermes (missile program), Holger Toftoy, Hubertus Strughold, Human capital flight, Huntsville, Alabama, Ideology, Infrared, Intellectual, Johannes Plendl, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency, Kennedy Space Center, Kohnstein, Konrad Dannenberg, Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner, KP duty, Krafft Arnold Ehricke, Kransberg Castle, Kurt Blome, Kurt H. Debus, Kurt Hohenemser, Kurt Lehovec, Kurt Tank, Landshut, Launch vehicle, Life support system, List of German aerospace engineers in the United States, Logistics, Long Island (Massachusetts), Louisiana, Missouri, Ludwig Roth, Magnus von Braun, Mariner Books, Materials science, Medicine, Messerschmitt P.1101, Missouri, Mittelbau-Dora, Mittelwerk, Morgenthau Plan, NASA, NASA Distinguished Service Medal, National Archives and Records Administration, Naval Air Station Point Mugu, Nazi Germany, Nazi Party, Nazism, New Mexico, New Mexico Museum of Space History, Nordhausen, Nuclear weapon, Office of Military Government, United States, Ohio, Operation Backfire (World War II), Operation Barbarossa, Operation Big, Operation Bloodstone, Operation Blossom, Operation Epsilon, Operation Lusty, Operation Nordlicht (1942), Operation Osoaviakhim, Operation Paperclip, Operation Surgeon, Operations Sandy and Pushover, Ordnance Corps (United States Army), Oscar Holderer, Pacific War, Peenemünde, Physics, Political correctness, Political Science Quarterly, Project MKNAOMI, Radar, Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Ravensbrück concentration camp, Red Army, Redstone Arsenal, Reich Main Security Office, Richard Lindenberg, Richard Vogt (aircraft designer), Robert Lusser, Rocket, Russian Alsos, Satellite, Saturn V, Saxony, Scientist, Secret Intelligence Service, Sicherheitsdienst, Siege of Leningrad, Siegfried Knemeyer, Sighard F. Hoerner, Signal Corps (United States Army), Soviet Union, Space medicine, Space Race, Space suit, Stanford University Press, Swept wing, Synthetic fuel, T-Force, The Boston Globe, The National Archives (United Kingdom), The New York Times, Third World, Thuringia, TICOM, U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Unfree labour, Unit 731, United States Air Force, United States Army Center of Military History, United States Bureau of Mines, United States Department of Defense, United States Space Camp, University Press of Mississippi, Upper Atmosphere Research Panel, V-1 flying bomb, V-2 rocket, Von Braun (crater), Walter Dornberger, Walter Haeussermann, Walter Jacobi, Walter Schreiber, War crime, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Werner Dahm, Wernher von Braun, White Sands Missile Range, Willy Ley, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Expand index (157 more) »
Adolf Busemann
Adolf Busemann (20 April 1901 – 3 November 1986) was a German aerospace engineer and influential Nazi-era pioneer in aerodynamics, specialising in supersonic airflows.
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Adolf Thiel
Adolf Thiel (February 12, 1915 – June 2, 2001 Los Angeles) was an Austrian-born German expert in guided missiles during World War II, and later worked for the United States Army and TRW.
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Aeronautics
Aeronautics (from the ancient Greek words ὰήρ āēr, which means "air", and ναυτική nautikē which means "navigation", i.e. "navigation into the air") is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere.
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Aerospace engineering
Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.
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Aerospace Medical Association
The Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) is the largest professional organization in the fields of aviation, space, and environmental medicine.
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Air Force Association
The Air Force Association (AFA) is an independent, 501(c)(3) non-profit, professional military and aerospace education association that promotes American aerospace power.
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Alexander Lippisch
Alexander Martin Lippisch (November 2, 1894 – February 11, 1976) was a German aeronautical engineer, a pioneer of aerodynamics who made important contributions to the understanding of tailless aircraft, delta wings and the ground effect, and also worked in the U.S. His most famous designs are the Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket-powered interceptorReitsch, H., 1955, The Sky My Kingdom, London: Biddles Limited, Guildford and King's Lynn, and the Dornier Aerodyne.
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Alsos Mission
The Alsos Mission was an organized effort by a team of United States military, scientific, and intelligence personnel to discover enemy scientific developments during World War II.
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American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) is a professional society for the field of aerospace engineering.
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Annie Jacobsen
Annie Jacobsen is an American investigative journalist, author and 2016 Pulitzer Prize finalist in history.
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Anselm Franz
Dr.
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Anton Flettner
Anton Flettner (November 1, 1885 – December 29, 1961) was a German aviation engineer and inventor.
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Architecture
Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.
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Arthur Rudolph
Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 – January 1, 1996) was a German rocket engineer who was a leader of the effort to develop the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany.
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Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.
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Bernhard Tessmann
Bernhard Robert Tessmann (August 15, 1912 – December 19, 1998) was a German expert in guided missiles during World War II, and later worked for the United States Army and NASA.
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Biological warfare
Biological warfare (BW)—also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.
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Bitterfeld
Bitterfeld is a town in the district Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
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Boston
Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.
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Camp Ashcan
Central Continental Prisoner of War Enclosure No.
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Carmel Offie
Carmel Offie (September 22, 1909 – June 18, 1972) was a U.S. State Department and later a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) official.
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Chemical weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.
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Chief of Ordnance of the United States Army
The Chief of Ordnance of the United States Army is a general officer who is responsible for the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps and serves as the Commandant of the U.S. Army Ordnance School at Fort Lee, Virginia.
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Chihuahua (state)
Chihuahua, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chihuahua (Estado Libre y Soberano de Chihuahua), is one of the 32 states of Mexico.
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Ciudad Juárez
Ciudad Juárez (Juarez City) is the most populous city in the Mexican state of Chihuahua.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Counterintelligence Corps
The United States Army Counter Intelligence Corps (Army CIC) was a World War II and early Cold War intelligence agency within the United States Army consisting of highly trained Special Agents.
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Cryptography
Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
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Cuxhaven
Cuxhaven is an independent town and seat of the Cuxhaven district, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Debus (crater)
Debus is a small lunar impact crater that is located on the far side of the Moon, past the eastern limb.
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Democracy Now!
Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman and Juan González.
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Department of Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Award
The Department of Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Award is the highest civilian award given by the United States Department of Defense.
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Deutsche Mark
The Deutsche Mark ("German mark"), abbreviated "DM" or, was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later the unified Germany from 1990 until 2002.
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Dieter Grau
Dieter Grau (April 24, 1913 – December 17, 2014) was an aerospace engineer and member of the "von Braun rocket group", at Peenemünde (1939–1945) working on the V-2 rockets in World War II.
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Dora Trial
The Dora Trial, also the "Dora"-Nordhausen or Dachau Dora Proceeding (Dachau-Dora Prozess) was a war crimes trial conducted by the United States Army in the aftermath of the collapse of the Third Reich.
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Eberhard Rees
Eberhard Friedrich Michael Rees (April 28, 1908 – April 2, 1998) was a German-American (by becoming a naturalized citizen of the United States) rocketry pioneer and the second director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center.
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Electronics
Electronics is the discipline dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.
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Engineering
Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.
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Eric Lichtblau
Eric Lichtblau (born 1965) is an American journalist, recently reporting for The New York Times and the CNN network's investigative news unit.
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Erich Traub
Erich Traub (27 June 1906 – 18 May 1985) was a German veterinarian, scientist and virologist who specialized in foot-and-mouth disease, Rinderpest and Newcastle disease.
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Ernst Geissler
Ernst Geissler (3 August 1915 in Chemnitz, Saxony, Germany – 3 June 1989 in Huntsville, Alabama, United States) was a German-American aerospace engineer.
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Ernst R. G. Eckert
Ernst Rudolph Georg Eckert (September 13, 1904 – July 8, 2004) was a scientist who advanced the film cooling technique for aeronautical engines.
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Ernst Steinhoff
Ernst August Wilhelm Steinhoff (February 11, 1908 – December 2, 1987) was a rocket scientist and member of the "von Braun rocket group", at the Peenemünde Army Research Center (1939-1945).
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Ernst Stuhlinger
Ernst Stuhlinger (December 19, 1913 Niederrimbach, Germany – May 25, 2008) was a German-American atomic, electrical, and rocket scientist.
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Fedden Mission
The Fedden Mission was a British scientific mission sent by the Ministry of Aircraft Production to Germany at the end of the Second World War in Europe, to gather technical intelligence about German aircraft and aeroengines.
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Field Information Agency; Technical (FIAT)
Field Information Agency; Technical (FIAT): US Army agency for securing the "major, and perhaps only, material reward of victory, namely, the advancement of science and the improvement of production and standards of living in the United Nations, by proper exploitation of German methods in these fields"; FIAT ended in 1947, when Operation Paperclip began functioning.
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Fischer–Tropsch process
The Fischer–Tropsch process is a collection of chemical reactions that converts a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons.
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Fort Bliss
Fort Bliss is a United States Army post in the U.S. states of New Mexico and Texas, with its headquarters located in El Paso, Texas.
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Fort Strong
Fort Strong is a former U.S. Army Coast Artillery fort that occupied the northern third of Long Island in Boston Harbor.
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Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.
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Friedwardt Winterberg
Friedwardt Winterberg (born June 12, 1929) is a German-American theoretical physicist and research professor at the University of Nevada, Reno.
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Fritz Karl Preikschat
Fritz Karl Preikschat (September 11, 1910 – September 2, 1994) was a German, later American, electrical and telecommunications engineer and inventor.
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Fritz Mueller
Fritz K. Mueller (1907 – 2001 Huntsville, Alabama) was a German engineer.
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Georg Rickhey
Georg Johannes Rickhey (25 August 1898, Hildesheim – 1966) was a German engineer and the general director of Mittelwerk GmbH in Dora-Mittelbau.
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Georg von Tiesenhausen
Georg Heinrich Patrick Baron von Tiesenhausen (May 18, 1914 – June 3, 2018) was a United States-based German rocket scientist.
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Gerhard Neumann
Gerhard Neumann (October 8, 1917 – November 2, 1997) was a German-American aviation engineer and executive for General Electric's aircraft engine division (which today is called GE Aviation).
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Greater Germanic Reich
The Greater Germanic Reich (Großgermanisches Reich), fully styled the Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation (Großgermanisch Reich der Deutschen Nation) is the official state name of the political entity that Nazi Germany tried to establish in Europe during World War II.
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Guidance system
A guidance system is a virtual or physical device, or a group of devices implementing a guidance process used for controlling the movement of a ship, aircraft, missile, rocket, satellite, or any other moving object.
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Hans Amtmann
Hans H. Amtmann (1906 - 2007) was a German aircraft designer.
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Hans Fichtner
Hans Joachim Oskar Fichtner (September 8, 1917 – October 21, 2012) was a rocket scientist who worked on V-2 rockets for Wernher von Braun at Peenemünde from 1939 to 1945.
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Hans Hollmann
Hans Erich (Eric) Hollmann (4 November 1899 – 19 November 1960) was a German electronic specialist who made several breakthroughs in the development of radar.
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Hans K. Ziegler
Hans K. Ziegler (March 1, 1911, Munich, Germany – December 11, 1999 Colts Neck Township, New Jersey, United States) was a pioneer in the field of communication satellites and the use of photovoltaic solar cells as a power source for satellites.
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Hans Multhopp
Hans Multhopp (17 May 1913 – 30 October 1972) was a German aeronautical engineer/designer.
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Hans von Ohain
Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain (14 December 191113 March 1998), a German physicist, was the designer of the first operational jet engine.
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Harper (publisher)
Harper is an American publishing house, currently the flagship imprint of global publisher HarperCollins.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Heinz Haber
Heinz Haber (May 15, 1913 – February 13, 1990) was a German physicist and science writer who primarily became famous for his TV programs and books about physics and environmental subjects.
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Heinz Schlicke
Heinz Schlicke (December 13, 1912 – April 18, 2006), German-born engineer and author, an Operation Paperclip scientist, and engineer at the Allen-Bradley Co.
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Heinz-Hermann Koelle
Heinz-Hermann Koelle (born 22 July 1925 Danzig, died 20 February 2011 in Berlin, Germany, 85 years old) was an aeronautical engineer who made the preliminary designs on the rocket that would emerge as the Saturn I.
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Helmut Hölzer
Helmut Hoelzer was a Nazi Germany V-2 rocket engineer who was brought to the United States under Operation Paperclip.
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Henschel Hs 293
The Henschel Hs 293 was a World War II German anti-ship guided missile: a radio controlled glide bomb with a rocket engine slung underneath it.
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Herbert A. Wagner
Herbert Alois Wagner (22 May 1900, Graz, Austria - 28 May 1982 in Newport Beach, California, USA) was an Austrian scientist who developed numerous innovations in the fields of aerodynamics, aircraft structures and guided weapons.
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Herbert Axster
Herbert Axster (November 3, 1899 - May 25, 1991) was a German scientist connected with Operation Paperclip.
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Hermann Oberth
Hermann Julius Oberth (25 June 1894 – 28 December 1989) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and engineer.
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Hermes (missile program)
The Hermes project (November 15, 1944 – December 31, 1954) was started in response to Germany's rocket attacks in Europe.
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Holger Toftoy
Major General Holger Nelson Toftoy (October 31, 1902 – April 19, 1967) was a United States Army officer linked to early rocketry such as the Redstone missile.
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Hubertus Strughold
Dr.
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Human capital flight
Human capital flight refers to the emigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home.
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Huntsville, Alabama
Huntsville is a city located primarily in Madison County in the Appalachian region of northern Alabama.
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Ideology
An Ideology is a collection of normative beliefs and values that an individual or group holds for other than purely epistemic reasons.
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Infrared
Infrared radiation (IR) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore generally invisible to the human eye (although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nm from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions). It is sometimes called infrared light.
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Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about society and proposes solutions for its normative problems.
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Johannes Plendl
Johannes "Hans" Plendl (6 December 1900 – 10 May 1991), German radar pioneer, was the scientist whose airplane navigation inventions made possible the early German bombing successes in World War II.
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Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters.
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Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency
The Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) was the organization directly responsible for Operation Paperclip, an OSS and Army CIC program for recruiting German scientists for U.S. government employment, primarily from 1945 to 1959.
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Kennedy Space Center
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers.
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Kohnstein
The Kohnstein is a hill, 2 kilometres southwest of the village of Niedersachswerfen and 3 kilometres northwest of the centre of the town of Nordhausen.
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Konrad Dannenberg
Konrad Dannenberg (August 5, 1912 – February 16, 2009) was a German-American rocket pioneer and member of the German rocket team brought to the United States after World War II.
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Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner
Konrad Johannes Karl Büttner, or Buettner (6 October 1903 – 14 November 1970) was a German-American meteorologist, bioclimatologist and university professor.
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KP duty
KP duty is "kitchen police" or "kitchen patrol" work under the kitchen staff assigned to junior U.S. enlisted military personnel.
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Krafft Arnold Ehricke
Krafft Arnold Ehricke (March 24, 1917 – December 11, 1984) was a German rocket-propulsion engineer and advocate for space colonization.
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Kransberg Castle
Kransberg Castle is situated on a steep rock near Kransberg (incorporated into Usingen in 1971), a village with about 800 inhabitants in the Taunus mountains in the German state of Hesse.
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Kurt Blome
Kurt Blome (31 January 1894, Bielefeld, Westphalia – 10 October 1969) was a high-ranking Nazi scientist before and during World War II.
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Kurt H. Debus
Kurt Heinrich Debus (November 29, 1908 – October 10, 1983) was a German V-2 rocket scientist during World War II who, after being brought to the United States under Operation Paperclip, became the first director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center in 1962.
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Kurt Hohenemser
Kurt Heinrich Hohenemser (January 3, 1906 – April 7, 2001) was a German-born American aerospace engineer and pioneer in the field of helicopter design.
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Kurt Lehovec
Kurt Lehovec (June 12, 1918 – February 17, 2012) was one of the pioneers of the integrated circuit.
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Kurt Tank
Kurt Waldemar Tank (24 February 1898 – 5 June 1983) was a German aeronautical engineer and test pilot who led the design department at Focke-Wulf from 1931 to 1945.
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Landshut
Landshut (Landsad) is a town in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany.
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Launch vehicle
A launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a rocket used to carry a payload from Earth's surface through outer space, either to another surface point (suborbital), or into space (Earth orbit or beyond).
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Life support system
In human spaceflight, a life support system is a group of devices that allow a human being to survive in space.
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List of German aerospace engineers in the United States
The following lists contain names of engineers, scientists and technicians specializing in rocketry who originally came from Germany but spent most of their careers working for the NASA space program in Huntsville, Alabama.
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Logistics
Logistics is generally the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation.
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Long Island (Massachusetts)
Long Island is situated in the middle of Boston Harbor, Massachusetts.
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Louisiana, Missouri
Louisiana is a city in Pike County, Missouri, United States.
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Ludwig Roth
Ludwig Roth (June 10, 1909 – November 1, 1967) was the Aerospace engineer who was the head of the Peenemünde Future Projects Office which designed the Wasserfall and created advanced rockets designs such as the A9/A10 ICBM.
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Magnus von Braun
Magnus "Mac" Freiherr von Braun (10 May 1919 – 21 June 2003) was a German chemical engineer, Luftwaffe aviator, and rocket scientist at Peenemünde, the Mittelwerk, and after emigrating to the United States via Operation Paperclip, at Fort Bliss.
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Mariner Books
Mariner Books, a division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, was established in 1997 as a publisher of fiction, non-fiction, and poetry in paperback.
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Materials science
The interdisciplinary field of materials science, also commonly termed materials science and engineering is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Messerschmitt P.1101
The Messerschmitt P.1101 was a single-seat, single-jet fighter project of World War II, developed in response to the 15 July 1944 Emergency Fighter Program which sought a second generation of jet fighters for the Third Reich.
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Missouri
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.
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Mittelbau-Dora
Mittelbau-Dora (also Dora-Mittelbau and Nordhausen-Dora) was a German Nazi concentration camp located near Nordhausen in Thuringia, Germany.
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Mittelwerk
Mittelwerk (German for "Central Works") was a German World War II factory built underground in the Kohnstein to avoid Allied bombing.
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Morgenthau Plan
The Morgenthau Plan (Morgenthau-Plan) by the Allied occupation of Germany following World War II was a proposal to eliminate Germany's ability to wage war by eliminating its arms industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries basic to military strength.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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NASA Distinguished Service Medal
The NASA Distinguished Service Medal is the highest award which may be bestowed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States.
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National Archives and Records Administration
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives.
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Naval Air Station Point Mugu
Naval Air Station Point Mugu is a former United States Navy air station that operated from 1942 to 2000 in California.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazi Party
The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and supported the ideology of Nazism.
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Nazism
National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.
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New Mexico
New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.
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New Mexico Museum of Space History
The New Mexico Museum of Space History is a museum and planetarium complex in Alamogordo, New Mexico, dedicated to artifacts and displays related to space flight and the space age.
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Nordhausen
Nordhausen is a city in Thuringia, Germany.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Office of Military Government, United States
The Office of Military Government, United States (OMGUS; Amt der Militärregierung für Deutschland (U.S.)) was the United States military-established government created shortly after the end of hostilities in occupied Germany in World War II.
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Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.
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Operation Backfire (World War II)
Operation Backfire was a military scientific operation during and after the Second World War, which was performed mainly by British staff.
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Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.
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Operation Big
Operation Big was an operation of the Alsos Mission, the Allied seizure of facilities, materiel, and personnel related to the German nuclear weapon project during World War II.
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Operation Bloodstone
Operation Bloodstone was a covert operation whereby the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) sought out Nazis and collaborators living in Soviet-controlled areas, to work undercover for U.S. intelligence inside of the Soviet Union, Latin America, and Canada, as well as domestically within the United States.
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Operation Blossom
Operation Blossom was a covert operation that was formed by the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) in 1950.
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Operation Epsilon
Operation Epsilon was the codename of a program in which Allied forces near the end of World War II detained ten German scientists who were thought to have worked on Nazi Germany's nuclear program.
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Operation Lusty
Operation LUSTY (LUftwaffe Secret TechnologY) was the United States Army Air Forces' effort to capture and evaluate German aeronautical technology during and after World War II.
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Operation Nordlicht (1942)
Operation Nordlicht ("Northern Light") was devised by the German high command, the Oberkommando des Heeres ("High Command of the Army") after a year-long battle for Leningrad when Adolf Hitler ordered a final assault on the besieged city.
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Operation Osoaviakhim
Operation Osoaviakhim was a Soviet operation which took place on 22 October 1946, with NKVD and Soviet army units forcibly (at gunpoint) recruiting more than 2,200 German specialists - a total of more than 6,000 people including family members - from the Soviet occupation zone of post-World War II Germany for employment in the Soviet Union.
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Operation Paperclip
Operation Paperclip was a secret program of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) largely carried out by Special Agents of Army CIC, in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians, such as Wernher von Braun and his V-2 rocket team, were recruited in post-Nazi Germany and taken to the U.S. for government employment, primarily between 1945 and 1959.
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Operation Surgeon
Operation Surgeon was a British post-Second World War programme to exploit German aeronautics and deny German technical skills to the Soviet Union.
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Operations Sandy and Pushover
Operation Sandy was the codename for the post-World War II launch of a captured V-2 rocket from the deck of the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS ''Midway'' on September 6, 1947.
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Ordnance Corps (United States Army)
The United States Army Ordnance Corps, formerly the United States Army Ordnance Department, is a Sustainment branch of the United States Army, headquartered at Fort Lee, Virginia.
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Oscar Holderer
Oscar Carl Holderer (November 4, 1919 – May 5, 2015) was an engineer who worked for Nazi Germany during World War II before coming to the United States and working in the Apollo space program.
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Pacific War
The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia-Pacific War, was the theater of World War II that was fought in the Pacific and Asia. It was fought over a vast area that included the Pacific Ocean and islands, the South West Pacific, South-East Asia, and in China (including the 1945 Soviet–Japanese conflict). The Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China had been in progress since 7 July 1937, with hostilities dating back as far as 19 September 1931 with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself began on 7/8 December 1941, when Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military and naval bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. The Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by the Axis allied Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the Allies, accompanied by the Soviet declaration of war and invasion of Manchuria on 9 August 1945, resulting in the Japanese announcement of intent to surrender on 15 August 1945. The formal surrender of Japan ceremony took place aboard the battleship in Tokyo Bay on 2 September 1945. Japan's Shinto Emperor was forced to relinquish much of his authority and his divine status through the Shinto Directive in order to pave the way for extensive cultural and political reforms. After the war, Japan lost all rights and titles to its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific, and its sovereignty was limited to the four main home islands.
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Peenemünde
Peenemünde ("Peene Mouth") is a municipality on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.
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Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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Political correctness
The term political correctness (adjectivally: politically correct; commonly abbreviated to PC or P.C.) is used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.
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Political Science Quarterly
Political Science Quarterly is an American double blind peer-reviewed academic journal covering government, politics, and policy, published since 1886 by the Academy of Political Science.
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Project MKNAOMI
MKNAOMI was the code name for a joint Department of Defense/CIA research program lasting from the 1950s through the 1970s.
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Radar
Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.
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Ratlines (World War II aftermath)
Ratlines were a system of escape routes for Nazis and other fascists fleeing Europe at the end of World War II.
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Ravensbrück concentration camp
Ravensbrück was a German concentration camp exclusively for women from 1939 to 1945, located in northern Germany, north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück (part of Fürstenberg/Havel).
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Redstone Arsenal
Redstone Arsenal (RSA) is a United States Army post and a census-designated place (CDP) adjacent to Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama, United States and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.
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Reich Main Security Office
The Reich Main Security OfficeReichssicherheitshauptamt is variously translated as "Reich Main Security Office", "Reich Security Main Office", "Reich Central Security Main Office", "Reich Security Central Office", "Reich Head Security Office", or "Reich Security Head Office".
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Richard Lindenberg
Richard Lindenberg was a physician and pathologist, a Luftwaffe Captain during World War II, later Chief Neuropathologist of the State of Maryland.
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Richard Vogt (aircraft designer)
Richard Vogt (19 December 1894 - January 1979) was a military German aircraft designer who was known for his original airframes, including the asymmetrical BV 141 during World War II.
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Robert Lusser
Robert Lusser (19 April 1899 – 19 January 1969) was a German engineer, aircraft designer and aviator.
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Rocket
A rocket (from Italian rocchetto "bobbin") is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle that obtains thrust from a rocket engine.
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Russian Alsos
The Soviet Alsos or the Russian Alsos was an operation that took place during 19451946 in Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia, and whose objectives were the exploitation of German atomic related facilities, intellectual materials, materiel resources, and scientific personnel for the benefit of the Soviet atomic bomb project.
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Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit.
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Saturn V
The Saturn V (pronounced "Saturn five") was an American human-rated expendable rocket used by NASA between 1967 and 1973.
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Saxony
The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen; Swobodny stat Sakska) is a landlocked federal state of Germany, bordering the federal states of Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland (Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Liberec, and Ústí nad Labem Regions).
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Scientist
A scientist is a person engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge that describes and predicts the natural world.
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Secret Intelligence Service
The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6, is the foreign intelligence service of the government of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence (HUMINT) in support of the UK's national security.
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Sicherheitsdienst
Sicherheitsdienst (Security Service), full title Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers-SS (Security Service of the Reichsführer-SS), or SD, was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany.
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Siege of Leningrad
The Siege of Leningrad (also known as the Leningrad Blockade (Блокада Ленинграда, transliteration: Blokada Leningrada) and the 900-Day Siege) was a prolonged military blockade undertaken from the south by the Army Group North of Nazi Germany and the Finnish Army in the north, against Leningrad, historically and currently known as Saint Petersburg, in the Eastern Front theatre of World War II.
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Siegfried Knemeyer
Siegfried Knemeyer (5 April 1909 – 11 April 1979) was a German aeronautical engineer, aviator and the Head of Technical Development at the Reich Ministry of Aviation of Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Sighard F. Hoerner
Dr.
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Signal Corps (United States Army)
The United States Army Signal Corps (USASC) develops, tests, provides, and manages communications and information systems support for the command and control of combined arms forces.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Space medicine
Space medicine is the practice of medicine on astronauts in outer space whereas astronautical hygiene is the application of science and technology to the prevention or control of exposure to the hazards that may cause astronaut ill health.
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Space Race
The Space Race refers to the 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for dominance in spaceflight capability.
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Space suit
A space suit is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer space, vacuum and temperature extremes.
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Stanford University Press
The Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
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Swept wing
A swept wing is a wing that angles either backward or occasionally forward from its root rather than in a straight sideways direction.
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Synthetic fuel
Synthetic fuel or synfuel is a liquid fuel, or sometimes gaseous fuel, obtained from syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in which the syngas was derived from gasification of solid feedstocks such as coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas.
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T-Force
T-Force was the operational arm of a joint US Army-British Army mission to secure designated German scientific and industrial technology targets before they could be destroyed by retreating enemy forces or looters during the final stages of World War II and its immediate aftermath.
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The Boston Globe
The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.
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The National Archives (United Kingdom)
The National Archives (TNA) is a non-ministerial government department.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Communist Bloc.
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Thuringia
The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen) is a federal state in central Germany.
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TICOM
TICOM (Target Intelligence Committee) was a secret Allied project formed in World War II to find and seize German intelligence assets, particularly in the field of cryptology and signals intelligence.
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U.S. Space & Rocket Center
The U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama is a museum operated by the government of Alabama, showcasing rockets, achievements, and artifacts of the U.S. space program.
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Unfree labour
Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), compulsion, or other forms of extreme hardship to themselves or members of their families.
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Unit 731
was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) of World War II.
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United States Air Force
The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Army Center of Military History
The United States Army Center of Military History (CMH) is a directorate within the Office of the Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army.
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United States Bureau of Mines
For most of the 20th century, the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was the primary United States government agency conducting scientific research and disseminating information on the extraction, processing, use, and conservation of mineral resources.
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United States Department of Defense
The Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Space Camp
U.S. Space Camp is a camp and related programs owned and operated by the Alabama Space Science Exhibit Commission's U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.
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University Press of Mississippi
The University Press of Mississippi, founded in 1970, is a publisher that is sponsored by the eight state universities in Mississippi.
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Upper Atmosphere Research Panel
The Upper Atmosphere Research Panel, also known as the V-2 Panel, was formed in 1946 to oversee experiments conducted using V-2 rockets brought to the United States after World War II.
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V-1 flying bomb
The V-1 flying bomb (Vergeltungswaffe 1 "Vengeance Weapon 1")—also known to the Allies as the buzz bomb, or doodlebug, and in Germany as Kirschkern (cherrystone) or Maikäfer (maybug)—was an early cruise missile and the only production aircraft to use a pulsejet for power.
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V-2 rocket
The V-2 (Vergeltungswaffe 2, "Retribution Weapon 2"), technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.
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Von Braun (crater)
von Braun, named after the rocket pioneer Wernher von Braun, is a lunar impact crater located near the northwestern limb of the Moon.
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Walter Dornberger
Major-General Dr.
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Walter Haeussermann
Walter Haeussermann (also spelled Häussermann; March 2, 1914 – December 8, 2010) was a German-American aerospace engineer and member of the "von Braun rocket group", both at Peenemünde and later at Marshall Space Flight Center, where he was the director of the guidance and control laboratory.
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Walter Jacobi
Walter Jacobi (January 13, 1918 – August 19, 2009) was a rocket scientist and member of the "von Braun rocket group", at Peenemünde (1939–1945) working on the V-2 rockets in World War II.
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Walter Schreiber
Walter Paul Emil Schreiber (21 March 1893 – 5 September 1970) was a German medical military officer in World War I, a brigadier-general (Generalarzt) of the Medical Service of the Wehrmacht and a key witness against Hermann Göring during the Nuremberg Trials.
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War crime
A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.
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Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd (established 1948), often shortened to W&N or Weidenfeld, is a British publisher of fiction and reference books.
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Werner Dahm
Werner Karl Dahm (February 16, 1917 in Lindenthal, Germany – January 17, 2008 in Huntsville, Alabama) was an early spaceflight scientist of the Peenemünde Future Projects Office who emigrated to the US under Operation Paperclip and was the Marshall Space Flight Center Chief Aerodynamicist.
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Wernher von Braun
Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977) was a German (and, later, American) aerospace engineer and space architect.
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White Sands Missile Range
White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) is a United States Army military testing area of almost in parts of five counties in southern New Mexico.
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Willy Ley
Willy Otto Oskar Ley (October 2, 1906 – June 24, 1969) was a German-American science writer, spaceflight advocate, and historian of science who helped to popularize rocketry, spaceflight, and natural history in both Germany and the United States.
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Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB) is a United States Air Force base and census-designated place just east of Dayton, Ohio, in Greene and Montgomery counties.
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Redirects here:
Operation Overcast, Operation Paper Clip, Operation paperclip, Project Paperclip, Project paperclip, Project paperclips.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Paperclip
