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Operation Vistula

Index Operation Vistula

Operation Vistula (Akcja "Wisła") was a codename for the 1947 forced resettlement of the Ukrainian minority including Boykos and Lemkos from the south-eastern provinces of post-war Poland, to the Recovered Territories in the west of the country. [1]

97 relations: Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Ambush, Łosie, Gorlice County, Bartne, Belz, Beskid Sądecki, Bielanka, Gorlice County, Bieszczady Mountains, Boykos, Dzerkalo Tyzhnia, Eastern Europe, Ethnic cleansing, European Commission, Former eastern territories of Germany, Gładyszów, Gorlice, Grzegorz Motyka, Hańczowa, Human rights, Institute of National Remembrance, Internal Security Corps, Internet Archive, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN, Jan Jacek Bruski, Karol Świerczewski, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Kiev, Komańcza, Krasiczyn, Krynica-Zdrój, Kulaszne, Lech Kaczyński, Lemkivshchyna, Lemkos, Low Beskids, Lublin Voivodeship, Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, Masuria, Milicja Obywatelska, Ministry of Public Security (Poland), Mokre, Sanok County, Morochów, NKVD, Nowica, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Nowy Sącz, Olsztyn Voivodeship, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Pogórze Przemyskie Landscape Park, Polesia, Polish People's Army, ..., Polish People's Republic, Polish population transfers (1944–1946), Polish United Workers' Party, Polish złoty, Population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine, Population transfer, Potsdam Agreement, Przemyśl, Rafał Wnuk, Recovered Territories, Revolutions of 1989, Roztocze, Ruś Szlachtowska, Rzepedź, San (river), Sanok, Senate of Poland, Siberia, Sotnia, Stalinism, Stefan Mossor, Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, Szczawne, Szczecin Voivodeship, Timothy D. Snyder, Turzańsk, Uście Gorlickie, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainians, Ukrainians in Poland, United Nations Charter, United States, Verkhovna Rada, Viktor Yushchenko, Vistula, Warmia, West Germany, Western Europe, Western Ukraine, World War II, Wprost, Wysoczany, Yalta Conference, Zdynia, Zyndranowa, 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange. Expand index (47 more) »

Aleksander Kwaśniewski

Aleksander Kwaśniewski (born 15 November 1954) is a Polish politician and journalist.

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Ambush

An ambush is a long-established military tactic in which combatants take advantage of concealment and the element of surprise to attack unsuspecting enemy combatants from concealed positions, such as among dense underbrush or behind hilltops.

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Łosie, Gorlice County

Łosie (Лося, Losia) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ropa, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Bartne

Bartne (Бортне, Bortne, Бортне, Bortne) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sękowa, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Belz

Belz (Белз; Bełz ; בעלז &thinsp) is a small city in Sokal Raion of Lviv Oblast (region) of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Rzeczyca stream.

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Beskid Sądecki

Beskid Sądecki is a mountain range in the Western Carpathians, which belongs to the Western Beskids.

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Bielanka, Gorlice County

Bielanka (Бiлянка, Bilianka, Бiлянка, Bilianka) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gorlice, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.

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Bieszczady Mountains

Bieszczady is a mountain range that runs from the extreme south-east of Poland through Ukraine and Slovakia.

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Boykos

Boykos (Бойки, Bojkowie, Pujďáci), or simply Highlanders (verkhovyntsi) are a Ukrainian ethnographic group located in the Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland.

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Dzerkalo Tyzhnia

Dzerkalo Tyzhnia (Дзеркало тижня; Зеркало недели, Zerkalo Nedeli), usually referred to in English as the Mirror Weekly, is one of Ukraine’s most influential analytical newspapers published weekly in Kiev, the nation's capital.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.

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Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or racial groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.

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European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.

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Former eastern territories of Germany

The former eastern territories of Germany (Ehemalige deutsche Ostgebiete) are those provinces or regions east of the current eastern border of Germany (the Oder–Neisse line) which were lost by Germany after World War I and then World War II.

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Gładyszów

Gładyszów (Ґлaдышiв, Gladŷshiv, Ґлaдишiв, Gladyshiv) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uście Gorlickie, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Gorlice

Gorlice is a city and an urban municipality ("gmina") in south eastern Poland with around 29,500 inhabitants (2008).

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Grzegorz Motyka

Grzegorz Motyka (born 1967) is a Polish historian and author specializing in the history of the Polish-Ukrainian relations.

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Hańczowa

Hańczowa (Ганчова, Hanchova) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uście Gorlickie, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Institute of National Remembrance

The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu; IPN) is a Polish government-affiliated research institute with lustration prerogatives, as well as prosecution powers.

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Internal Security Corps

The Internal Security Corps (Korpus Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego, KBW) was a special-purpose military formation in Poland under Stalinist government, established by the communist Council of Ministers on May 24, 1945.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.

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Internetowa encyklopedia PWN

Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (Polish for Internet PWN Encyclopedia) is a free online Polish-language encyclopedia published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

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Jan Jacek Bruski

Jan Jacek Bruski (born 1969) is a Polish historian.

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Karol Świerczewski

Karol Wacław Świerczewski (callsign Walter; 22 February 1897 – 28 March 1947) was an ethnic Pole serving as the Red Army general.

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Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the transcontinental constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1936-1991 in northern Central Asia.

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Kiev

Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.

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Komańcza

Komańcza (Команча, Komancha) is a village in the Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland.

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Krasiczyn

Krasiczyn is a village in Przemyśl County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Krynica-Zdrój

Krynica-Zdrój (until 31 December 2001 Krynica, Крениця, Криниця) is a town in Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland.

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Kulaszne

Kulaszne (Куляшне, Kuliashne) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Lech Kaczyński

Lech Aleksander Kaczyński (18 June 194910 April 2010) was a Polish lawyer and politician who served as the Mayor of Warsaw from 2002 until 2005 and as the President of Poland from 2005 until his death in 2010.

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Lemkivshchyna

Lemkivshchyna or Lemkovyna (Łemkowszczyzna; /Lemkovyna; Лемківщина Lemkivshchyna) is a region in Europe that is traditionally inhabited by the Lemko people.

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Lemkos

Lemkos (Лeмки, Łemkowie, Lemko: Лeмкы, translit. Lemkŷ; sing. Лeмкo, Lemko) are an ethnic sub-group inhabiting a stretch of the Carpathian Mountains known as Lemkivshchyna.

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Low Beskids

The Low Beskids or Lower Beskids (Beskid Niski, Nízke Beskydy), are one of the Beskids mountain ranges in the Outer Eastern Carpathians in southeastern Poland and northeastern Slovakia.

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Lublin Voivodeship

Lublin Voivodeship, or Lublin Province (in Polish, województwo lubelskie), is a voivodeship, or province, located in southeastern Poland.

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Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia

The massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia (rzeź wołyńska, literally: Volhynian slaughter; Волинська трагедія., Volyn tragedy), were part of an ethnic cleansing operation carried out in Nazi German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) against Poles in the area of Volhynia, Polesia, Lublin region and Eastern Galicia beginning in 1943 and lasting up to 1945.

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Masuria

Masuria (Masuren, Masurian: Mazurÿ) is a region in northern Poland famous for its 2,000 lakes.

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Milicja Obywatelska

Milicja Obywatelska (Citizens' Militia or Civic Militia) was the national police of the People's Republic of Poland.

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Ministry of Public Security (Poland)

The Ministry of Public Security of Poland (Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego or MBP) was a postwar communist, secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage service operating from 1945 to 1954 under minister for Public Security general (Generał brygady) Stanisław Radkiewicz, and supervised by Jakub Berman of the Politburo.

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Mokre, Sanok County

Mokre (Мокре, Mokre) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zagórz, within Sanok County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland.

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Morochów

Morochów (Морохів, Morokhiv) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zagórz, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Народный комиссариат внутренних дел, Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del), abbreviated NKVD (НКВД), was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union.

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Nowica, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

Nowica (Новиця, Novytsia, Новиця, Novytsia) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uście Gorlickie, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Nowy Sącz

Nowy Sącz is a city in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship of southern Poland.

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Olsztyn Voivodeship

Olsztyn Voivodeship was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

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Podkarpackie Voivodeship

Podkarpackie Voivodeship or Podkarpackie Province (in Polish: województwo podkarpackie), also known as Subcarpathian Voivodeship or Subcarpathia Province, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland.

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Pogórze Przemyskie Landscape Park

Pogórze Przemyskie Landscape Park (Park Krajobrazowy Pogórze Przemyskie) is a protected area (Landscape Park) in south-eastern Poland.

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Polesia

Polesia, Polesie or Polesye (Палессе Paliessie, Полісся Polissia or Polisia, Polesie, Поле́сье Poles'e) is a natural and historical region starting from the farthest edges of Central Europe and into Eastern Europe, stretching from parts of Eastern Poland, touching similarly named Podlasie, straddling the Belarus–Ukraine border and into western Russia.

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Polish People's Army

The Polish People's Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie, LWP) constituted the second formation of the Polish Armed Forces in the East (1943–1945) and later the armed forces (1945–1989) of the Polish communist government of Poland (from 1952, the Polish People's Republic) along with the ruling Polish United Workers' Party.

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Polish People's Republic

The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.

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Polish population transfers (1944–1946)

The Polish population transfers in 1944–46 from the eastern half of prewar Poland (also known as the expulsions of Poles from the Kresy macroregion), refer to the forced migrations of Poles toward the end – and in the aftermath – of World War II.

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Polish United Workers' Party

The Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP; Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza, PZPR) was the Communist party which governed the Polish People's Republic from 1948 to 1989.

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Polish złoty

The złoty (pronounced; sign: zł; code: PLN), which is the masculine form of the Polish adjective 'golden', is the currency of Poland.

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Population exchange between Poland and Soviet Ukraine

The population exchange between Poland and the Soviet Ukraine at the end of World War II was based on a treaty signed on 9 September 1944 by the Ukrainian SSR with the newly formed Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN).

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Population transfer

Population transfer or resettlement is the movement of a large group of people from one region to another, often a form of forced migration imposed by state policy or international authority and most frequently on the basis of ethnicity or religion but also due to economic development.

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Potsdam Agreement

The Potsdam Agreement (Potsdamer Abkommen) was the August 1945 agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union.

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Przemyśl

Przemyśl (Premissel, Peremyshl, Перемишль less often Перемишель) is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009.

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Rafał Wnuk

Rafał Wnuk (born 22 May 1967 in Zamość) is a Polish historian, editor of several historical periodicals, employee of the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences and of the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN).

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Recovered Territories

Recovered Territories (Ziemie Odzyskane, literally "Regained Lands") was an official term used by the People's Republic of Poland to describe the territory of the former Free City of Danzig and the parts of pre-war Germany that became part of Poland after World War II.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Roztocze

Roztocze (Розточчя, Roztochia) is a range of hills in east-central Poland and western Ukraine which rises from the Lublin Upland and extends southeastward through Solska Wilderness and across the border into Ukrainian Podolia.

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Ruś Szlachtowska

Ruś Szlachtowska (Shlakhtov Ruthenia) was a name introduced in 1930s by Prof.

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Rzepedź

Rzepedź (Реп'ядь, Repyad’) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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San (river)

The San (San; Сян Sian; Saan) is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, a tributary of the Vistula River, with a length of 458 km (it is the 6th-longest Polish river) and a basin area of 16,877 km2 (14,426 km2 of it in Poland).

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Sanok

Sanok (in full the Royal Free City of Sanok - Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, Cянік Sianik, Sanocum, סאניק, Sonik) is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of south-eastern Poland with 38,397 inhabitants, as of June 2016.

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Senate of Poland

The Senate (Senat) is the upper house of the Polish parliament, the lower house being the 'Sejm'.

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Siberia

Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.

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Sotnia

Sotnia or sotnya (Ukrainian and Cотня, Satnija Satnija) is a military term of Slavic origin.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented from the 1920s to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953).

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Stefan Mossor

Stefan Mossor (23 October 1896, Kraków - 22 September 1957) was a Polish general.

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Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union and the only one with the power to pass constitutional amendments.

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Szczawne

Szczawne (Щавне, Shchavne) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Szczecin Voivodeship

Szczecin Voivodeship (1) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Timothy D. Snyder

Timothy David Snyder (born 1969) is an American author and historian specializing in the history of Central and Eastern Europe, and the Holocaust.

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Turzańsk

Turzańsk (Туринське, Turyns’ke) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Uście Gorlickie

Uście Gorlickie (Устя Руське, Ustia Rus’ke) is a village in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Ukrainian Insurgent Army

The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Українська повстанська армія, УПА, Ukrayins’ka Povstans’ka Armiya, UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and later partisan army that engaged in a series of guerrilla conflicts during World War II against Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and both Underground and Communist Poland.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR; Украї́нська Радя́нська Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка, Украї́нська РСР, УРСР; Украи́нская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, Украи́нская ССР, УССР; see "Name" section below), also known as the Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. The republic was governed by the Communist Party of Ukraine as a unitary one-party socialist soviet republic. The Ukrainian SSR was a founding member of the United Nations, although it was legally represented by the All-Union state in its affairs with countries outside of the Soviet Union. Upon the Soviet Union's dissolution and perestroika, the Ukrainian SSR was transformed into the modern nation-state and renamed itself to Ukraine. Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Zakarpattia in 1946. From the start, the eastern city of Kharkiv served as the republic's capital. However, in 1934, the seat of government was subsequently moved to the city of Kiev, Ukraine's historic capital. Kiev remained the capital for the rest of the Ukrainian SSR's existence, and remained the capital of independent Ukraine after the breakup of the Soviet Union. Geographically, the Ukrainian SSR was situated in Eastern Europe to the north of the Black Sea, bordered by the Soviet republics of Moldavia, Byelorussia, and the Russian SFSR. The Ukrainian SSR's border with Czechoslovakia formed the Soviet Union's western-most border point. According to the Soviet Census of 1989 the republic had a population of 51,706,746 inhabitants, which fell sharply after the breakup of the Soviet Union. For most of its existence, it ranked second only to the Russian SFSR in population, economic and political power.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (українці, ukrayintsi) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is by total population the sixth-largest nation in Europe.

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Ukrainians in Poland

The Ukrainian minority in Poland (Українці, Ukrayintsi, Ukraińcy), according to the Polish census of 2011 used to be composed of approximately 51,000 people (including 11,451 without Polish citizenship).

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United Nations Charter

The Charter of the United Nations (also known as the UN Charter) of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Verkhovna Rada

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, Ukrainian abbreviation ВРУ; literally Supreme Council of Ukraine), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the unicameral parliament of Ukraine.

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Viktor Yushchenko

Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko (Віктор Андрійович Ющенко,; born February 23, 1954) is a Ukrainian politician who was the third President of Ukraine from January 23, 2005 to February 25, 2010.

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Vistula

The Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel,, ווייסל), Висла) is the longest and largest river in Poland, at in length. The drainage basin area of the Vistula is, of which lies within Poland (54% of its land area). The remainder is in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (Biała Wisełka) and the Black Little Vistula (Czarna Wisełka). It then continues to flow over the vast Polish plains, passing several large Polish cities along its way, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany) or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta and several branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa).

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Warmia

Warmia (Warmia, Latin: Varmia,, Old Prussian: Wārmi, Varmė) is a historical region in northern Poland.

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West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990.

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Western Europe

Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.

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Western Ukraine

Western Ukraine or West Ukraine (Західна Україна) is a geographical and historical relative term used in reference to the western territories of Ukraine.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Wprost

Wprost (meaning "Directly") is a Polish-language weekly newsmagazine published in Poznań, Poland.

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Wysoczany

Wysoczany (Височани) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Komańcza, within Sanok County, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship (province) of south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Yalta Conference

The Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from 4 to 11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Germany and Europe's postwar reorganization.

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Zdynia

Zdynia (Ждыня, Ждиня Zhdynia) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Uście Gorlickie, within Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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Zyndranowa

Zyndranowa (Зиндранова, Zyndranova) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dukla, within Krosno County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland, close to the border with Slovakia.

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1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange

The 1951 Polish–Soviet territorial exchange or Polish-Soviet border adjustment treaty of 1951 was a border adjustment signed in Moscow between the People's Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union regarding roughly of land, along their mutual border.

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Redirects here:

"Wisla" Action, "Wisła" Action, Action Vistula, Action Wisla, Action Wisła, Akcja Wisla, Akcja Wisła, Operation Wisla, Operation Wisła, Vistula Action, Vistula Operation, Wisla Action, Wisla Operation, Wisla action, Wisła Action, Wisła Operation.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Vistula

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