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Orchestra

Index Orchestra

An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which mixes instruments from different families, including bowed string instruments such as violin, viola, cello and double bass, as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, each grouped in sections. [1]

278 relations: Aaron Copland, Academic tenure, Academy of Ancient Music, Accompaniment, Adolphe Sax, Anton Bruckner, Antonio Vivaldi, Art music, Audition, Australian Chamber Orchestra, Ballet, Baritone horn, Baroque music, Bass clarinet, Bass drum, Bass guitar, Bass oboe, Basset horn, Bassline, Bassoon, Baton (conducting), Bayreuth Festspielhaus, Béla Bartók, BBC Concert Orchestra, Belshazzar's Feast (Walton), Berlin Philharmonic, Big band, Blind audition, Boléro, Brass instrument, Brass section, Bruno Maderna, Celesta, Cello, Cello Concerto No. 1 (Glass), Charles Scribner's Sons, Chinese orchestra, Choir, Christopher Hogwood, Clarinet, Classical guitar, Classical music, Classical period (music), Claude Debussy, Closed-circuit television, Committee, Composer, Concert, Concert band, Concertmaster, ..., Concerto, Conducting, Conductorless orchestra, Contemporary classical music, Contrabassoon, Cor anglais, Cornet, Crotales, Cymbal, Daniel Harding, Das Rheingold, Der Ring des Nibelungen, Detroit Symphony Orchestra, Disability, Divertimento, Double bass, Drum kit, Dynamics (music), E-flat, E-flat clarinet, Early music, Ein Heldenleben, Electric guitar, Electric instrument, Electronic music, Electronic musical instrument, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Euphonium, Felix Mendelssohn, Figured bass, Film score, Flugelhorn, Flute, France 24, Franz Liszt, Franz Schubert, Freelancer, French horn, George Frideric Handel, German horn, Gilbert and Sullivan, Glockenspiel, Gong, Gramophone (magazine), Greek chorus, Greek language, Greg Sandow, Gruppen, Gustav Holst, Gustav Mahler, Harp, Harpsichord, Hector Berlioz, Heinrich Stölzel, Horn (instrument), Igor Stravinsky, Instrumentation (music), International Alliance for Women in Music, Internet, James R. Oestreich, Jazz band, Johann Sebastian Bach, Johannes Brahms, John Adams (composer), Joseph Haydn, Joseph Stalin, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Keyboard instrument, Keyboard section, Krzysztof Penderecki, La mer (Debussy), List of concert halls, List of symphony orchestras, List of symphony orchestras in Europe, List of symphony orchestras in the United States, List of youth orchestras in the United States, London Classical Players, London Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Louisville Orchestra, Ludwig van Beethoven, Lute, Marimba, Marxism, Maurice Ravel, Michael Kennedy (music critic), Michael Tilson Thomas, Modest Mussorgsky, Music, Music education, Musical composition, Musical ensemble, Musical instrument, Musical notation, Musical theatre, Musical tuning, National Organization for Women, National Symphony Orchestra, Natural horn, Natural trumpet, Neptune, New Century Chamber Orchestra, New Mexico Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Nixon in China, Oboe, Oboe d'amore, Offstage instrument or choir part in classical music, Opera, Operetta, Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, Orchestral enhancement, Orchestration, Orpheus Chamber Orchestra, Outline of television broadcasting, Overdubbing, Overture, Oxford University Press, Parental leave, Pedal harp, Percussion instrument, Percussion section, Percy Grainger, Persimfans, Philadelphia Orchestra, Philip Glass, Piano, Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven), Piccolo, Pictures at an Exhibition, Pierre Boulez, Pipe organ, Pit orchestra, Polystylism, Popular music, Professor, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Radio broadcasting, Radio orchestra, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Reel-to-reel audio tape recording, Rehearsal, Revolution, Rhythm section, Richard Strauss, Richard Wagner, Robert Schumann, Roger Norrington, Romantic music, RTÉ Concert Orchestra, Samuel Barber, Saxophone, Sergei Prokofiev, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Sheet music, Shorthand for orchestra instrumentation, Sight-reading, Silesians, Simon Rattle, Snare drum, Soprano clarinet, Sound effect, Sound recording and reproduction, Soviet Union, Streaming media, String instrument, String orchestra, String section, Swan Lake, Symphonic Dances (Rachmaninoff), Symphonic metal, Symphonic poem, Symphony, Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven), Symphony No. 4 (Beethoven), Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven), Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven), Symphony No. 6 (Vaughan Williams), Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner), Symphony No. 8 (Mahler), Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven), Symphony No. 9 (Vaughan Williams), Synthesizer, Tambourine, Tempo, Tenor drum, The Planets, The Strad, Theatre of ancient Greece, Theobald Boehm, Theorbo, Theremin, Timbre, Timpani, Triangle (musical instrument), Trombone, Trumpet, Tuba, Tubular bells, Tutti, Types of trombone, Typewriter, Unison, Vibraphone, Video camera, Video game music, Vienna horn, Vienna Philharmonic, Viola, Violin, Violin Concerto (Beethoven), Violin Concerto No. 2 (Glass), Violone, Wagner tuba, Westdeutscher Rundfunk, Western concert flute, William Walton, Wind machine, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Women in music, Wood block, Woodwind instrument, Woodwind section, World music, Xylophone, Youth orchestra, 20th-century classical music, 20th-century music. Expand index (228 more) »

Aaron Copland

Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music.

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Academic tenure

A tenured appointment is an indefinite academic appointment that can be terminated only for cause or under extraordinary circumstances, such as financial exigency or program discontinuation.

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Academy of Ancient Music

The Academy of Ancient Music (AAM) is a period-instrument orchestra based in Cambridge, England.

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Accompaniment

Accompaniment is the musical part which provides the rhythmic and/or harmonic support for the melody or main themes of a song or instrumental piece.

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Adolphe Sax

Antoine-Joseph "Adolphe" Sax (6 November 1814 – 7 February 1894) was a Belgian inventor and musician who invented the saxophone in the early 1840s (patented in 1846).

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Anton Bruckner

Josef Anton Bruckner was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist best known for his symphonies, masses, Te Deum and motets.

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Antonio Vivaldi

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher and cleric.

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Art music

Art music (alternately called classical music, cultivated music, serious music, and canonic music) is music that implies advanced structural and theoretical considerationsJacques Siron, "Musique Savante (Serious music)", Dictionnaire des mots de la musique (Paris: Outre Mesure): 242.

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Audition

An audition is a sample performance by an actor, singer, musician, dancer or other performer.

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Australian Chamber Orchestra

The Australian Chamber Orchestra was founded by cellist John Painter in 1975.

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Ballet

Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia.

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Baritone horn

The baritone horn, or sometimes just called baritone, is a low-pitched brass instrument in the saxhorn family.

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Baroque music

Baroque music is a style of Western art music composed from approximately 1600 to 1750.

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Bass clarinet

The bass clarinet is a musical instrument of the clarinet family.

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Bass drum

A bass drum, or kick drum, is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch.

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Bass guitar

The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or bass) is a stringed instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, except with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses.

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Bass oboe

The bass oboe or baritone oboe is a double reed instrument in the woodwind family.

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Basset horn

The basset horn (sometimes written basset-horn) is a musical instrument, a member of the clarinet family.

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Bassline

A bassline (also known as a bass line or bass part) is the term used in many styles of music, such as jazz, blues, funk, dub and electronic, traditional music, or classical music for the low-pitched instrumental part or line played (in jazz and some forms of popular music) by a rhythm section instrument such as the electric bass, double bass, cello, tuba or keyboard (piano, Hammond organ, electric organ, or synthesizer).

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Bassoon

The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor clefs, and occasionally the treble.

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Baton (conducting)

A baton is a stick that is used by conductors primarily to enlarge and enhance the manual and bodily movements associated with directing an ensemble of musicians.

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Bayreuth Festspielhaus

The Bayreuth Festspielhaus or Bayreuth Festival Theatre (Bayreuther Festspielhaus) is an opera house north of Bayreuth, Germany, dedicated solely to the performance of stage works by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner.

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Béla Bartók

Béla Viktor János Bartók (25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and an ethnomusicologist.

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BBC Concert Orchestra

The BBC Concert Orchestra is a British orchestra based in London, one of the British Broadcasting Corporation's five radio orchestras.

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Belshazzar's Feast (Walton)

Belshazzar's Feast is a cantata by the English composer William Walton.

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Berlin Philharmonic

The Berlin Philharmonic (Berliner Philharmoniker) is a German orchestra based in Berlin.

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Big band

A big band is a type of musical ensemble that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section.

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Blind audition

A blind audition is a method of evaluating the job skills being tested, while the candidate performs from behind a wall or screen.

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Boléro

Boléro is a one-movement orchestral piece by the French composer Maurice Ravel (1875–1937).

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Brass instrument

A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips.

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Brass section

The brass section of the orchestra, concert band, and jazz ensemble consist of brass instruments, and is one of the main sections in all three ensembles.

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Bruno Maderna

Bruno Maderna (21 April 1920 – 13 November 1973) was an Italian conductor and composer.

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Celesta

The celesta or celeste is a struck idiophone operated by a keyboard.

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Cello

The cello (plural cellos or celli) or violoncello is a string instrument.

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Cello Concerto No. 1 (Glass)

The Cello Concerto No.

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Charles Scribner's Sons

Charles Scribner's Sons, or simply Scribner's or Scribner, is an American publisher based in New York City, known for publishing American authors including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Kurt Vonnegut, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Stephen King, Robert A. Heinlein, Thomas Wolfe, George Santayana, John Clellon Holmes, Don DeLillo, and Edith Wharton.

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Chinese orchestra

The term Chinese orchestra is most commonly used to refer to the modern Chinese orchestra that is found in China and various overseas Chinese communities.

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Choir

A choir (also known as a quire, chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.

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Christopher Hogwood

Christopher Jarvis Haley Hogwood CBE (10 September 194124 September 2014) was an English conductor, harpsichordist, writer, and musicologist.

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Clarinet

The clarinet is a musical-instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments.

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Classical guitar

The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.

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Classical music

Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music.

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Classical period (music)

The Classical period was an era of classical music between roughly 1730 to 1820, associated with the style of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.

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Claude Debussy

Achille-Claude Debussy (22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer.

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Closed-circuit television

Closed-circuit television (CCTV), also known as video surveillance, is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors.

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Committee

A committee (or "commission") is a body of one or more persons that is subordinate to a deliberative assembly.

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Composer

A composer (Latin ''compōnō''; literally "one who puts together") is a musician who is an author of music in any form, including vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music, electronic music, and music which combines multiple forms.

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Concert

A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience.

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Concert band

A concert band, also called wind ensemble, symphonic band, wind symphony, wind orchestra, wind band, symphonic winds, symphony band, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, along with the double bass or bass guitar.

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Concertmaster

The Concertmaster (from the German Konzertmeister) in the U.S. and Canada is the leader of the first violin section in an orchestra (or clarinet in a concert band) and the instrument-playing leader of the orchestra.

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Concerto

A concerto (plural concertos, or concerti from the Italian plural) is a musical composition usually composed in three movements, in which, usually, one solo instrument (for instance, a piano, violin, cello or flute) is accompanied by an orchestra or concert band.

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Conducting

Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or choral concert.

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Conductorless orchestra

The conductorless orchestra, sometimes referred to as a self-conducted orchestra or unconducted orchestra, is an instrumental ensemble that functions as an orchestra but is not led or directed by a conductor.

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Contemporary classical music

Contemporary classical music can be understood as belonging to the period that started in the mid-1970s to early 1990s, which includes modernist, postmodern, neoromantic, and pluralist music.

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Contrabassoon

The contrabassoon, also known as the double bassoon, is a larger version of the bassoon, sounding an octave lower.

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Cor anglais

The cor anglais or original; plural: cors anglais) Longman has /kɔːz/ for British and /kɔːrz/ for American --> or English horn in North America, is a double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family. It is approximately one and a half times the length of an oboe. The cor anglais is a transposing instrument pitched in F, a perfect fifth lower than the oboe (a C instrument). This means that music for the cor anglais is written a perfect fifth higher than the instrument actually sounds. The fingering and playing technique used for the cor anglais are essentially the same as those of the oboe and oboists typically double on the cor anglais when required. The cor anglais normally lacks the lowest B key found on most oboes and so its sounding range stretches from E3 (written B) below middle C to C6 two octaves above middle C.

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Cornet

The cornet is a brass instrument similar to the trumpet but distinguished from it by its conical bore, more compact shape, and mellower tone quality.

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Crotales

Crotales, sometimes called antique cymbals, are percussion instruments consisting of small, tuned bronze or brass disks.

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Cymbal

A cymbal is a common percussion instrument.

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Daniel Harding

Daniel Harding (born 31 August 1975) is a British conductor.

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Das Rheingold

Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold), WWV 86A, is the first of the four music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, or in English, 'The Ring of the Nibelung'.

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Der Ring des Nibelungen

(The Ring of the Nibelung), WWV 86, is a cycle of four German-language epic music dramas composed by Richard Wagner.

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Detroit Symphony Orchestra

The Detroit Symphony Orchestra (DSO) is an American orchestra based in Detroit, Michigan.

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Disability

A disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these.

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Divertimento

Divertimento (from the Italian divertire "to amuse") is a musical genre, with most of its examples from the 18th century.

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Double bass

The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.

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Drum kit

A drum kit — also called a drum set, trap set, or simply drums — is a collection of drums and other percussion instruments, typically cymbals, which are set up on stands to be played by a single player, with drumsticks held in both hands, and the feet operating pedals that control the hi-hat cymbal and the beater for the bass drum.

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Dynamics (music)

In music, the dynamics of a piece is the variation in loudness between notes or phrases.

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E-flat

E-flat may refer to.

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E-flat clarinet

The E-flat (E) clarinet is a member of the clarinet family.

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Early music

Early music generally comprises Medieval music (500–1400) and Renaissance music (1400–1600), but can also include Baroque music (1600–1760).

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Ein Heldenleben

Ein Heldenleben (A Hero's Life), Op.

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Electric guitar

An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.

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Electric instrument

An electric musical instrument is one in which the use of electric devices determines or affects the sound produced by an instrument.

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Electronic music

Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments, digital instruments and circuitry-based music technology.

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Electronic musical instrument

An electronic musical instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound using electronic circuitry.

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Esa-Pekka Salonen

Esa-Pekka Salonen (born 30 June 1958) is a Finnish orchestral conductor and composer.

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Euphonium

The euphonium is a large, conical-bore, baritone-voiced brass instrument that derives its name from the Ancient Greek word εὔφωνος euphōnos, meaning "well-sounding" or "sweet-voiced" (εὖ eu means "well" or "good" and φωνή phōnē means "sound", hence "of good sound").

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Felix Mendelssohn

Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early romantic period.

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Figured bass

Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of musical notation in which numerals and symbols (often accidentals) indicate intervals, chords, and non-chord tones that a musician playing piano, harpsichord, organ, lute (or other instruments capable of playing chords) play in relation to the bass note that these numbers and symbols appear above or below.

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Film score

A film score (also sometimes called background score, background music, film soundtrack, film music, or incidental music) is original music written specifically to accompany a film.

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Flugelhorn

The flugelhorn (—also spelled fluegelhorn, flugel horn, or Flügelhorn—from German, wing horn, or flank horn) is a brass instrument pitched in B which resembles a trumpet, but has a wider, conical bore.

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Flute

The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group.

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France 24

France 24 (pronounced "France vingt-quatre") is a state-owned 24-hour international news and current affairs television network based in Paris.

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Franz Liszt

Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferencz, in modern usage Liszt Ferenc;Liszt's Hungarian passport spelt his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simply "c" in all words except surnames; this has led to Liszt's given name being rendered in modern Hungarian usage as "Ferenc". From 1859 to 1867 he was officially Franz Ritter von Liszt; he was created a Ritter (knight) by Emperor Francis Joseph I in 1859, but never used this title of nobility in public. The title was necessary to marry the Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein without her losing her privileges, but after the marriage fell through, Liszt transferred the title to his uncle Eduard in 1867. Eduard's son was Franz von Liszt. 22 October 181131 July 1886) was a prolific 19th-century Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, organist, philanthropist, author, nationalist and a Franciscan tertiary during the Romantic era.

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Franz Schubert

Franz Peter Schubert (31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras.

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Freelancer

A freelancer or freelance worker is a term commonly used for a person who is self-employed and is not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term.

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French horn

The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the "horn" in some professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell.

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George Frideric Handel

George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (born italic; 23 February 1685 (O.S.) – 14 April 1759) was a German, later British, Baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London, becoming well-known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos.

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German horn

The German horn is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell, and in bands and orchestras is the most widely used of three types of horn, the other two being the French horn (in the less common, narrower meaning of the term) and the Vienna horn.

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Gilbert and Sullivan

Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian-era theatrical partnership of the dramatist W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) and the composer Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900) and to the works they jointly created.

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Glockenspiel

A glockenspiel (or, Glocken: bells and Spiel: set) is a percussion instrument composed of a set of tuned keys arranged in the fashion of the keyboard of a piano.

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Gong

A gong (from Malay: gong;; ra; គង - Kong; ฆ้อง Khong; cồng chiêng) is an East and Southeast Asian musical percussion instrument that takes the form of a flat, circular metal disc which is hit with a mallet.

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Gramophone (magazine)

Gramophone is a magazine published monthly in London devoted to classical music, particularly to reviews of recordings.

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Greek chorus

A Greek chorus, or simply chorus (χορός, khoros) in the context of Ancient Greek tragedy, comedy, satyr plays, and modern works inspired by them, is a homogeneous, non-individualised group of performers, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Greg Sandow

Greg Sandow (born June 3, 1943) is an American music critic and composer.

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Gruppen

Gruppen (Groups) for three orchestras (1955–57) is amongst the best-known compositions of German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, and is Work Number 6 in the composer's catalog of works.

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Gustav Holst

Gustav Theodore Holst (born Gustavus Theodore von Holst; 21 September 1874 – 25 May 1934) was an English composer, arranger and teacher.

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Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler (7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian late-Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation.

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Harp

The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers.

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Harpsichord

A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard which activates a row of levers that in turn trigger a mechanism that plucks one or more strings with a small plectrum.

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Hector Berlioz

Louis-Hector Berlioz; 11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer, best known for his compositions Symphonie fantastique, Harold en Italie, Roméo et Juliette, Grande messe des morts (Requiem), L'Enfance du Christ, Benvenuto Cellini, La Damnation de Faust, and Les Troyens. Berlioz made significant contributions to the modern orchestra with his Treatise on Instrumentation. He specified huge orchestral forces for some of his works, and conducted several concerts with more than 1,000 musicians. He also composed around 50 compositions for voice, accompanied by piano or orchestra. His influence was critical for the further development of Romanticism, especially in composers like Richard Wagner, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Franz Liszt, Richard Strauss, and Gustav Mahler.

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Heinrich Stölzel

Heinrich David Stölzel (7 September 1777 – 16 February 1844) was a German horn player who developed some of the first valves for brass instruments.

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Horn (instrument)

A horn is any of a family of musical instruments made of a tube, usually made of metal and often curved in various ways, with one narrow end into which the musician blows, and a wide end from which sound emerges.

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Igor Stravinsky

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (ˈiɡərʲ ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪtɕ strɐˈvʲinskʲɪj; 6 April 1971) was a Russian-born composer, pianist, and conductor.

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Instrumentation (music)

In music, instrumentation is the particular combination of musical instruments employed in a composition, and the properties of those instruments individually.

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International Alliance for Women in Music

The International Alliance for Women in Music (IAWM) is an international membership organization of women and men dedicated to fostering and encouraging the activities of women in music, particularly in the areas of musical activity, such as composing, performing, and research, in which gender discrimination is an historic and ongoing concern.

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Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

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James R. Oestreich

James Ruben Oestreich (born 1943; pronounced AY-strike) is a classical music critic for The New York Times, where he has written about music since 1989.

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Jazz band

A jazz band (jazz ensemble or jazz combo) is a musical ensemble that plays jazz music.

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Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a composer and musician of the Baroque period, born in the Duchy of Saxe-Eisenach.

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Johannes Brahms

Johannes Brahms (7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer and pianist of the Romantic period.

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John Adams (composer)

John Coolidge Adams (born February 15, 1947) is an American composer of classical music and opera, with strong roots in minimalism.

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Joseph Haydn

(Franz) Joseph HaydnSee Haydn's name.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian nationality.

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Karlheinz Stockhausen

Karlheinz Stockhausen (22 August 1928 – 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important but also controversial composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries.

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Keyboard instrument

A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard, a row of levers which are pressed by the fingers.

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Keyboard section

The keyboard section of an orchestra or concert band includes keyboard instruments.

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Krzysztof Penderecki

Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki (born 23 November 1933) is a Polish composer and conductor.

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La mer (Debussy)

La mer, trois esquisses symphoniques pour orchestre (French for The sea, three symphonic sketches for orchestra), or simply La mer (i.e. The Sea), L. 109, is an orchestral composition by the French composer Claude Debussy.

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List of concert halls

A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage that serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats.

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List of symphony orchestras

This list of symphony orchestras includes only those orchestras with established notability to justify an article in Wikipedia.

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List of symphony orchestras in Europe

This is a non-exhaustive list of symphony orchestras in Europe.

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List of symphony orchestras in the United States

There were about 1,200 symphony orchestras in the United States as of 1998, and a similar number as of 2014.

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List of youth orchestras in the United States

This is a list of youth orchestras in the United States.

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London Classical Players

The London Classical Players (LCP) was a British orchestra that specialized in music following historically informed performance (HIP) practices and orchestral performances on period musical instruments.

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London Philharmonic Orchestra

The London Philharmonic Orchestra (LPO) is one of five permanent symphony orchestras based in London.

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London Symphony Orchestra

The London Symphony Orchestra (LSO), founded in 1904, is the oldest of London's symphony orchestras.

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Louisville Orchestra

The Louisville Orchestra is the primary orchestra in Louisville, Kentucky.

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Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770Beethoven was baptised on 17 December. His date of birth was often given as 16 December and his family and associates celebrated his birthday on that date, and most scholars accept that he was born on 16 December; however there is no documentary record of his birth.26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.

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Lute

A lute is any plucked string instrument with a neck (either fretted or unfretted) and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body.

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Marimba

The marimba is a percussion instrument consisting of a set of wooden bars struck with mallets called knobs to produce musical tones.

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Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation.

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Maurice Ravel

Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor.

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Michael Kennedy (music critic)

George Michael Sinclair Kennedy CBE (19 February 1926 – 31 December 2014) was an English biographer, journalist and writer on classical music.

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Michael Tilson Thomas

Michael Tilson Thomas (born December 21, 1944) is an American conductor, pianist and composer.

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Modest Mussorgsky

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (mɐˈdɛst pʲɪˈtrovʲɪtɕ ˈmusərkskʲɪj; –) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "The Five".

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Music

Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.

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Music education

Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music.

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Musical composition

Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music.

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Musical ensemble

A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name.

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Musical instrument

A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.

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Musical notation

Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written, printed, or otherwise-produced symbols.

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Musical theatre

Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance.

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Musical tuning

In music, there are two common meanings for tuning.

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National Organization for Women

The National Organization for Women (NOW) is an American feminist organization founded in 1966.

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National Symphony Orchestra

The National Symphony Orchestra (NSO), founded in 1931, is an American symphony orchestra based in Washington, D.C..

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Natural horn

The natural horn is a musical instrument that is the ancestor of the modern-day horn, and is differentiated by its lack of valves.

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Natural trumpet

A natural trumpet is a valveless brass instrument that is able to play the notes of the harmonic series.

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Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System.

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New Century Chamber Orchestra

The New Century Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1992 by cellist, Miriam Perkoff, and violist, Wieslaw Pogorzelski.

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New Mexico Symphony Orchestra

The New Mexico Symphony Orchestra (NMSO) was a symphony orchestra in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

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New York Philharmonic

The New York Philharmonic, officially the Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York, Inc., globally known as New York Philharmonic Orchestra (NYPO) or New York Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra, is a symphony orchestra based in New York City in the United States.

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Nixon in China

Nixon in China is an opera in three acts by John Adams, with a libretto by Alice Goodman.

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Oboe

Oboes are a family of double reed woodwind instruments.

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Oboe d'amore

The (Italian for "oboe of love"), less commonly, is a double reed woodwind musical instrument in the oboe family.

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Offstage instrument or choir part in classical music

An offstage instrument or choir part in classical music is a sound effect used in orchestral and opera which is created by having one or more instrumentalists (trumpet players, also called an "offstage trumpet call", horn players, woodwind players, percussionists, other instrumentalists) from a symphony orchestra or opera orchestra play a note, melody, or rhythm from behind the stage, or having a choir of singers sing a melody from behind the stage.

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Opera

Opera (English plural: operas; Italian plural: opere) is a form of theatre in which music has a leading role and the parts are taken by singers.

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Operetta

Operetta is a genre of light opera, light in terms both of music and subject matter.

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Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment

The Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment (OAE) is a British period instrument orchestra.

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Orchestral enhancement

Orchestral enhancement is the technique of using orchestration techniques, architectural modifications, or electronic technologies to modify the sound, complexity, or color of a musical theatre, ballet or opera pit orchestra.

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Orchestration

Orchestration is the study or practice of writing music for an orchestra (or, more loosely, for any musical ensemble, such as a concert band) or of adapting music composed for another medium for an orchestra.

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Orpheus Chamber Orchestra

The Orpheus Chamber Orchestra (founded 1972) is a classical music chamber orchestra based in New York City.

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Outline of television broadcasting

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to television broadcasting: Television broadcasting: form of broadcasting in which a television signal is transmitted by radio waves from a terrestrial (Earth based) transmitter of a television station to TV receivers having an antenna.

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Overdubbing

Overdubbing (the process of making an overdub, or overdubs) is a technique used in audio recording, whereby a musical passage is recorded twice.

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Overture

Overture (from French ouverture, "opening") in music is the term originally applied to the instrumental introduction to an opera.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Parental leave

Parental leave or family leave is an employee benefit available in almost all countries.

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Pedal harp

The pedal harp (also known as the concert harp) is a large and technically modern harp, designed primarily for art music and may be played either solo, as part of a chamber ensemble, or in an orchestra.

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Percussion instrument

A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater (including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles); struck, scraped or rubbed by hand; or struck against another similar instrument.

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Percussion section

The percussion section is one of the main divisions of the orchestra and the concert band.

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Percy Grainger

George Percy Aldridge Grainger (8 July 188220 February 1961) was an Australian-born composer, arranger and pianist.

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Persimfans

Persimfans was a conductorless orchestra in Moscow in the Soviet Union that was founded by Lev Tseitlin and existed between 1922 and 1932.

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Philadelphia Orchestra

The Philadelphia Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Philip Glass

Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer.

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Piano

The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented in Italy by Bartolomeo Cristofori around the year 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), in which the strings are struck by hammers.

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Piano Concerto No. 4 (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Concerto No.

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Piccolo

The piccolo (Italian for "small", but named ottavino in Italy) is a half-size flute, and a member of the woodwind family of musical instruments.

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Pictures at an Exhibition

Pictures at an Exhibition (Картинки с выставки – Воспоминание о Викторе Гартмане, Kartínki s výstavki – Vospominániye o Víktore Gártmane, "Pictures from an Exhibition – A Remembrance of Viktor Hartmann"; Tableaux d'une exposition) is a suite of ten pieces (plus a recurring, varied Promenade) composed for the piano by Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky in 1874.

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Pierre Boulez

Pierre Louis Joseph Boulez CBE (26 March 1925 – 5 January 2016) was a French composer, conductor, writer and founder of institutions.

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Pipe organ

The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized air (called wind) through organ pipes selected via a keyboard.

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Pit orchestra

A pit orchestra is a type of orchestra that accompanies performers in musicals, operas, ballets and other shows involving music.

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Polystylism

Polystylism is the use of multiple styles or techniques in literature, art, film, or, especially, music, and is a postmodern characteristic.

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Popular music

Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry.

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Professor

Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.

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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Often "Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky" in English.

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Radio broadcasting

Radio broadcasting is transmission by radio waves intended to reach a wide audience.

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Radio orchestra

A radio orchestra (or broadcast orchestra) is an orchestra employed by a radio network (and sometimes television networks) in order to provide programming as well as sometimes perform incidental or theme music for various shows on the network.

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Ralph Vaughan Williams

Ralph Vaughan Williams (12 October 1872– 26 August 1958) was an English composer.

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Reel-to-reel audio tape recording

Reel-to/open-reel audio tape recording is the form of magnetic tape audio recording in which the recording medium is held on a reel, rather than being securely contained within a cassette.

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Rehearsal

A rehearsal is an activity in the performing arts that occurs as preparation for a performance in music, theatre, dance and related arts, such as opera, musical theatre and film production.

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Revolution

In political science, a revolution (Latin: revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental and relatively sudden change in political power and political organization which occurs when the population revolt against the government, typically due to perceived oppression (political, social, economic).

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Rhythm section

A rhythm section (also called a backup band) is a group of musicians within a music ensemble or band who provide the underlying rhythm, harmony and pulse of the accompaniment, providing a rhythmic and harmonic reference and "beat" for the rest of the band.

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Richard Strauss

Richard Georg Strauss (11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras.

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Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas").

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Robert Schumann

Robert Schumann (8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer and an influential music critic.

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Roger Norrington

Sir Roger Arthur Carver Norrington CBE (born 16 March 1934) is a British conductor.

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Romantic music

Romantic music is a period of Western classical music that began in the late 18th or early 19th century.

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RTÉ Concert Orchestra

The RTÉ Concert Orchestra is one of the two full-time professional orchestras in Ireland that are part of RTÉ, the national broadcasting station.

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Samuel Barber

Samuel Osborne Barber II (March 9, 1910 – January 23, 1981) was an American composer of orchestral, opera, choral, and piano music.

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Saxophone

The saxophone (also referred to as the sax) is a family of woodwind instruments.

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Sergei Prokofiev

Sergei Sergeyevich Prokofiev (r; 27 April 1891 – 5 March 1953) was a Russian Soviet composer, pianist and conductor.

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Sergei Rachmaninoff

Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff (28 March 1943) was a Russian pianist, composer, and conductor of the late Romantic period, some of whose works are among the most popular in the Romantic repertoire.

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Sheet music

Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches (melodies), rhythms or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece.

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Shorthand for orchestra instrumentation

The shorthand for the orchestration of a classical symphony orchestra (and other similar ensembles), or Orchestra Instrumentation Numerical Notation, is used to outline which and how many instruments, especially wind instruments, are called for in a given piece of music.

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Sight-reading

Sight-reading, also called a prima vista (Italian meaning "at first sight"), is the reading and performing of a piece of music or song in music notation that the performer has not seen before.

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Silesians

Silesians (Silesian: Ślůnzoki; Silesian German: Schläsinger; Ślązacy; Slezané; Schlesier) are the inhabitants of Silesia, a historical region in Central Europe divided by the current national boundaries of Poland, Germany and the Czech Republic.

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Simon Rattle

Sir Simon Denis Rattle (born 19 January 1955) is an English conductor.

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Snare drum

A snare drum or side drum is a percussion instrument that produces a sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick, due to the use of a series of stiff wires held under tension against the lower skin.

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Soprano clarinet

The term soprano clarinet is used occasionally to refer to those instruments from the clarinet family that occupy a higher position, both in pitch and in popularity than subsequent additions to the family such as the basset horns and bass clarinets.

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Sound effect

A sound effect (or audio effect) is an artificially created or enhanced sound, or sound process used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media.

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Sound recording and reproduction

Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Streaming media

Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider.

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String instrument

String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.

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String orchestra

A string orchestra is an orchestra consisting solely of a string section made up of the bowed strings used in Western Classical music.

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String section

The string section is composed of bowed instruments belonging to the violin family.

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Swan Lake

Swan Lake (Лебединое озеро Lebedinoye ozero), Op. 20, is a ballet composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1875–76.

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Symphonic Dances (Rachmaninoff)

The Symphonic Dances, Op.

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Symphonic metal

Symphonic metal is a subgenre of heavy metal music which combines the heavy drums and guitars of metal with different elements of orchestral classical music, such as symphonic instruments, choirs and sometimes a full orchestra.

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Symphonic poem

A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source.

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Symphony

A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often written by composers for orchestra.

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Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)

The Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 4 (Beethoven)

The Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)

The Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)

The Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 6 (Vaughan Williams)

Ralph Vaughan Williams's Symphony in E minor, published as Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner)

Anton Bruckner's Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 8 (Mahler)

The Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)

The Symphony No.

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Symphony No. 9 (Vaughan Williams)

The Symphony No.

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Synthesizer

A synthesizer (often abbreviated as synth, also spelled synthesiser) is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones.

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Tambourine

The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zils".

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Tempo

In musical terminology, tempo ("time" in Italian; plural: tempi) is the speed or pace of a given piece.

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Tenor drum

A tenor drum is a membranophone without a snare.

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The Planets

The Planets, Op.

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The Strad

The Strad is a UK-based monthly classical music magazine about string instruments, including cellists, violinists, and violists for amateur and professional musicians.

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Theatre of ancient Greece

The ancient Greek drama was a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece from c. 700 BC.

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Theobald Boehm

Theobald Böhm, photograph by Franz Hanfstaengl, ca. 1852. Theobald Böhm (or Boehm) (April 9, 1794 – November 25, 1881) was a German inventor and musician, who perfected the modern Western concert flute and improved its fingering system (now known as the "Boehm system").

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Theorbo

The theorbo is a plucked string instrument of the lute family, with an extended neck and a second pegbox.

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Theremin

The theremin (--> originally known as the ætherphone/etherphone, thereminophone or termenvox/thereminvox) is an electronic musical instrument controlled without physical contact by the thereminist (performer).

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Timbre

In music, timbre (also known as tone color or tone quality from psychoacoustics) is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone.

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Timpani

Timpani or kettledrums (also informally called timps) are musical instruments in the percussion family.

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Triangle (musical instrument)

The triangle is an idiophone type of musical instrument in the percussion family.

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Trombone

The trombone is a musical instrument in the brass family.

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Trumpet

A trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles.

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Tuba

The tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched musical instrument in the brass family.

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Tubular bells

Tubular bells (also known as chimes) are musical instruments in the percussion family.

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Tutti

Tutti is an Italian word literally meaning all or together and is used as a musical term, for the whole orchestra as opposed to the soloist.

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Types of trombone

There are many different types of trombone.

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Typewriter

A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing characters similar to those produced by printer's movable type.

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Unison

In music, unison is two or more musical parts sounding the same pitch or at an octave interval, usually at the same time.

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Vibraphone

The vibraphone (also known as the vibraharp or simply the vibes) is a musical instrument in the struck idiophone subfamily of the percussion family.

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Video camera

A video camera is a camera used for electronic motion picture acquisition (as opposed to a movie camera, which records images on film), initially developed for the television industry but now common in other applications as well.

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Video game music

Video game music is the soundtrack that accompanies video games.

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Vienna horn

The Vienna horn (Wiener Horn) is a type of musical horn used primarily in Vienna, Austria, for playing orchestral or classical music.

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Vienna Philharmonic

The Vienna Philharmonic (VPO; Wiener Philharmoniker), founded in 1842, is an orchestra considered to be one of the finest in the world.

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Viola

The viola is a string instrument that is bowed or played with varying techniques.

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Violin

The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.

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Violin Concerto (Beethoven)

Ludwig van Beethoven composed a Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61, in 1806.

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Violin Concerto No. 2 (Glass)

Philip Glass' Violin Concerto No.

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Violone

The term violone (literally "large viol" in Italian, "-one" being the augmentative suffix) can refer to several distinct large, bowed musical instruments which belong to either the viol or violin family.

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Wagner tuba

The Wagner tuba is an infrequently-used brass instrument that combines tonal elements of both the French horn and the trombone.

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Westdeutscher Rundfunk

Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln (WDR, West German Broadcasting Cologne) is a German public-broadcasting institution based in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia with its main office in Cologne.

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Western concert flute

The Western concert flute is a transverse (side-blown) woodwind instrument made of metal or wood.

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William Walton

Sir William Turner Walton, OM (29 March 19028 March 1983) was an English composer.

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Wind machine

The wind machine (also called aeoliphone) is a friction idiophone, which is a class of instrument which produces sound through vibrations within the instrument itself.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the classical era.

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Women in music

Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.

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Wood block

A wood block (also spelled as a single word, woodblock) is a small slit drum made from a single piece of wood and used as a percussion instrument.

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Woodwind instrument

Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the more general category of wind instruments.

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Woodwind section

The woodwind section, which consists of woodwind instruments, is one of the main sections of an orchestra or concert band.

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World music

World music (also called global music or international music) is a musical category encompassing many different styles of music from around the globe, which includes many genres including some forms of Western music represented by folk music, as well as selected forms of ethnic music, indigenous music, neotraditional music, and music where more than one cultural tradition, such as ethnic music and Western popular music, intermingle.

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Xylophone

The xylophone (from the Greek words ξύλον—xylon, "wood" + φωνή—phōnē, "sound, voice", meaning "wooden sound") is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by mallets.

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Youth orchestra

A youth orchestra is an orchestra made of young musicians, typically ranging from pre-teens or teenagers to those in their mid-20s.

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20th-century classical music

20th-century classical music describes art music that was written nominally from 1901 to 2000.

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20th-century music

During the 20th century there was a vast increase in the variety of music that people had access to.

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Chamber Orchestra, Chamber orchestra, Ochestraic, Orchaestra, Orchestra and orchestration, Orchestra music, Orchestral, Orchestral music, Orchestral work, Orchestras, Philarmonic orchestra, Philharmonic, Philharmonic Orchestra, Philharmonic orchestra, Philharmony, Principal (symphonic musician), Sections of an orchestra, Sky orchestra, Symphonic Music, Symphonic music, Symphonic orchestra, Symphony Orchestra, Symphony Orchestras, Symphony orchestra, Symphony orchestras.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra

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