Faster access than browser!
187 relations: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Activation, Addiction, African Americans, Alkylation, Allele, Alpha-adrenergic agonist, Alprenolol, Alternative splicing, Amiodarone, Amitriptyline, Amphetamine, Analgesic, Anorectic, Anti-diabetic medication, Antianginal, Antiarrhythmic agent, Anticholinergic, Antidepressant, Antiemetic, Antifungal, Antihistamine, Antihypertensive drug, Antiplatelet drug, Antipsychotic, Anxiolytic, Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics), Aripiprazole, Asian people, Atomoxetine, Bactericide, Beta blocker, Bufuralol, Buprenorphine, Bupropion, Calcium channel blocker, Cannabidiol, Cannabinoid, Carvedilol, Catecholamine, Celecoxib, Central nervous system, Chemotherapy, Chlorphenamine, Chlorpromazine, Chromosome 22, Cimetidine, Cinacalcet, Citalopram, Clearance (pharmacology), ..., Clemastine, Clomipramine, Cocaine, Codeine, Cough medicine, Cytochrome P450, Debrisoquine, Demethylation, Desmetramadol, Dexamethasone, Dexfenfluramine, Dextromethorphan, Dextrorphan, Diphenhydramine, Donepezil, Dopamine, Dopamine antagonist, Doxepin, Doxorubicin, Drug interaction, Duloxetine, Encainide, Enzyme, Enzyme induction and inhibition, Enzyme inhibitor, Escitalopram, Flecainide, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Formulary (pharmacy), Functional group, Gene, Genetics, Genotype, Glucocorticoid, Glutethimide, H1 antagonist, H2 antagonist, Halofantrine, Haloperidol, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Hydroxylation, Hydroxyzine, Hyperforin, Hypericum perforatum, Hypnotic, Iloperidone, Imipramine, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indiana University School of Medicine, Inducer, Levomepromazine, Lidocaine, Liver, Malaria, Management of HIV/AIDS, Meta-Tyramine, Metabolism, Metabolite, Methadone, Methamphetamine, Methylphenidate, Metoclopramide, Metoprolol, Mexiletine, Mianserin, Mibefradil, Middle East, Midodrine, Minaprine, Mirtazapine, Moclobemide, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Morphine, Nebivolol, Neurosteroid, Niacin, Nicotinamide, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, North Africa, Ondansetron, Opioid, Oxycodone, Paroxetine, Perhexiline, Perphenazine, Phenacetin, Phenformin, Phenotype, Phenylalanine, Polymorphism (biology), Potency (pharmacology), Prodrug, Prokinetic agent, Promethazine, Propafenone, Propranolol, Protein isoform, Pseudogene, Quinidine, Quinine, Remoxipride, Rifampicin, Risperidone, Ritonavir, Sedative, Selective estrogen receptor modulator, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin, Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Sertraline, Sparteine, Stimulant, Substantia nigra, Substituted amphetamine, Substrate (chemistry), Tamoxifen, Tapentadol, Terbinafine, Tetracyclic antidepressant, Thioridazine, Ticlopidine, Timolol, Trace amine, Tramadol, Tricyclic antidepressant, Tripelennamine, Tropisetron, Typical antipsychotic, Tyramine, Venlafaxine, Vitamin, White people, Xenobiotic, Zuclopenthixol, 5-HT3 antagonist. Expand index (137 more) »
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (often abbreviated AChEI) or anti-cholinesterase is a chemical or a drug that inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme from breaking down acetylcholine, thereby increasing both the level and duration of action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor · See more »
Activation
Activation in (bio-)chemical sciences generally refers to the process whereby something is prepared or excited for a subsequent reaction.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Activation · See more »
Addiction
Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Addiction · See more »
African Americans
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.
New!!: CYP2D6 and African Americans · See more »
Alkylation
Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Alkylation · See more »
Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Allele · See more »
Alpha-adrenergic agonist
Adrenergic alpha-agonists (or alpha-adrenergic agonists) are a class of sympathomimetic agents that selectively stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Alpha-adrenergic agonist · See more »
Alprenolol
Alprenolol, or alfeprol, alpheprol, and alprenololum (Gubernal, Regletin, Yobir, Apllobal, Aptine, Aptol Duriles), is a non-selective beta blocker as well as a 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptor antagonist, used in the treatment of angina pectoris.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Alprenolol · See more »
Alternative splicing
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Alternative splicing · See more »
Amiodarone
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat and prevent a number of types of irregular heartbeats.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Amiodarone · See more »
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline, sold under the brand name Elavil among others, is a medicine primarily used to treat a number of mental illnesses.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Amitriptyline · See more »
Amphetamine
Amphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Amphetamine · See more »
Analgesic
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Analgesic · See more »
Anorectic
An anorectic or anorexic is a drug which reduces appetite, resulting in lower food consumption, leading to weight loss.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Anorectic · See more »
Anti-diabetic medication
Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by lowering glucose levels in the blood.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Anti-diabetic medication · See more »
Antianginal
An antianginal is any drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antianginal · See more »
Antiarrhythmic agent
Antiarrhythmic agents, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications, are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antiarrhythmic agent · See more »
Anticholinergic
An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Anticholinergic · See more »
Antidepressant
Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and, in some cases, dysmenorrhoea, snoring, migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, dependence, and sleep disorders.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antidepressant · See more »
Antiemetic
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antiemetic · See more »
Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antifungal · See more »
Antihistamine
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis and other allergies.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antihistamine · See more »
Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antihypertensive drug · See more »
Antiplatelet drug
An antiplatelet drug (antiaggregant) is a member of a class of pharmaceuticals that decrease platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antiplatelet drug · See more »
Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Antipsychotic · See more »
Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Anxiolytic · See more »
Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics)
In the field of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC) is the definite integral in a plot of drug concentration in blood plasma vs.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Area under the curve (pharmacokinetics) · See more »
Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole, sold under the brand name Abilify among others, is an atypical antipsychotic. It is recommended and primarily used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Other uses include as an add-on treatment in major depressive disorder, tic disorders, and irritability associated with autism. According to a Cochrane review, evidence for the oral form in schizophrenia is not sufficient to determine effects on general functioning. Additionally, because many people dropped out of the medication trials before they were completed, the overall strength of the conclusions is low. Side effects include neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a movement disorder known as tardive dyskinesia, and high blood sugar in those with diabetes. In the elderly there is an increased risk of death. It is thus not recommended for use in those with psychosis due to dementia. It is pregnancy category C in the United States and category C in Australia, meaning there is possible evidence of harm to the fetus. It is not recommended for women who are breastfeeding. It is unclear whether it is safe or effective in people less than 18 years old. It is a partial dopamine agonist. Aripiprazole was developed by Otsuka in Japan. In the United States, Otsuka America markets it jointly with Bristol-Myers Squibb. From April 2013 to March 2014, sales of Abilify amounted to almost $6.9 billion.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Aripiprazole · See more »
Asian people
Asian people or Asiatic peopleUnited States National Library of Medicine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Asian people · See more »
Atomoxetine
Atomoxetine, sold under the brand name Strattera among others, is a norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor which is approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Atomoxetine · See more »
Bactericide
A bactericide or bacteriocide, sometimes abbreviated Bcidal, is a substance that kills bacteria.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Bactericide · See more »
Beta blocker
Beta blockers, also written β-blockers, are a class of medications that are particularly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Beta blocker · See more »
Bufuralol
Bufuralol is a potent beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Bufuralol · See more »
Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine, sold under the brand name Subutex, among others, is an opioid used to treat opioid addiction, acute pain, and chronic pain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Buprenorphine · See more »
Bupropion
Bupropion, sold under the brand names Wellbutrin and Zyban among others, is a medication primarily used as an antidepressant and smoking cessation aid.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Bupropion · See more »
Calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are several medications that disrupt the movement of calcium through calcium channels.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Calcium channel blocker · See more »
Cannabidiol
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring cannabinoid constituent of cannabis.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Cannabidiol · See more »
Cannabinoid
A cannabinoid is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Cannabinoid · See more »
Carvedilol
Carvedilol, sold under the brand name Coreg among others, is a medication used for treating mild to severe congestive heart failure (CHF), left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) following heart attack in people who are otherwise stable, and for treating high blood pressure.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Carvedilol · See more »
Catecholamine
A catecholamine (CA) is a monoamine, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups at carbons 1 and 2) and a side-chain amine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Catecholamine · See more »
Celecoxib
Celecoxib, sold under the brand name Celebrex among others, is a COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Celecoxib · See more »
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Central nervous system · See more »
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Chemotherapy · See more »
Chlorphenamine
Chlorphenamine (also known as chlorpheniramine, CP, or CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine used in the prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Chlorphenamine · See more »
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine (CPZ), marketed under the trade names Thorazine and Largactil among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Chlorpromazine · See more »
Chromosome 22
Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Chromosome 22 · See more »
Cimetidine
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Cimetidine · See more »
Cinacalcet
Cinacalcet (INN) is a drug that acts as a calcimimetic (i.e. it mimics the action of calcium on tissues) by allosteric activation of the calcium-sensing receptor that is expressed in various human organ tissues (Van Wagenen et al. (2001), U.S. Pat. 6,211,244).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Cinacalcet · See more »
Citalopram
Citalopram (brand names: Celexa, Cipramil and others) is an antidepressant drug of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Citalopram · See more »
Clearance (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, the clearance is a pharmacokinetic measurement of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed per unit time; the usual units are mL/min.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Clearance (pharmacology) · See more »
Clemastine
Clemastine, also known as meclastin, is an antihistamine and anticholinergic.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Clemastine · See more »
Clomipramine
Clomipramine, sold under the brand name Anafranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Clomipramine · See more »
Cocaine
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Cocaine · See more »
Codeine
Codeine is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine, and for diarrhea. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children or adults. In Europe it is not recommended as a cough medicine in those under twelve years of age. It is generally taken by mouth. It typically starts working after half an hour with maximum effect at two hours. The total duration of its effects last for about four to six hours. Common side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Serious side effects may include breathing difficulties and addiction. It is unclear if its use in pregnancy is safe. Care should be used during breastfeeding as it may result in opiate toxicity in the baby. Its use as of 2016 is not recommended in children. Codeine works following being broken down by the liver into morphine. How quickly this occurs depends on a person's genetics. Codeine was discovered in 1832 by Pierre Jean Robiquet. In 2013 about 361,000 kilograms of codeine were produced while 249,000 kilograms were used. This makes it the most commonly taken opiate. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.04 and 0.29 USD per dose as of 2014. In the United States it costs about one dollar a dose. Codeine occurs naturally and makes up about 2% of opium.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Codeine · See more »
Cough medicine
Cough medicines are medications used in those with coughing and related conditions.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Cough medicine · See more »
Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Cytochrome P450 · See more »
Debrisoquine
Debrisoquine is a derivative of guanidine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Debrisoquine · See more »
Demethylation
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from a molecule.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Demethylation · See more »
Desmetramadol
Desmetramadol, also known as O-desmethyltramadol (O-DSMT), is an opioid analgesic and the main active metabolite of tramadol.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Desmetramadol · See more »
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is a type of corticosteroid medication.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Dexamethasone · See more »
Dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine, marketed as dexfenfluramine hydrochloride under the name Redux, is a serotonergic anorectic drug: it reduces appetite by increasing the amount of extracellular serotonin in the brain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Dexfenfluramine · See more »
Dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a drug of the morphinan class with sedative, dissociative, and stimulant properties (at higher doses).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Dextromethorphan · See more »
Dextrorphan
Dextrorphan (DXO) is a psychoactive drug of the morphinan class which acts as an antitussive or cough suppressant and dissociative hallucinogen.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Dextrorphan · See more »
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine mainly used to treat allergies.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Diphenhydramine · See more »
Donepezil
Donepezil, marketed under the trade name Aricept, is a medication used in the palliative treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Donepezil · See more »
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays several important roles in the brain and body.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Dopamine · See more »
Dopamine antagonist
A dopamine antagonist (antidopaminergic) is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Dopamine antagonist · See more »
Doxepin
Doxepin is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used as a pill to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic hives, and for short-term help with trouble remaining asleep after going to bed (a form of insomnia).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Doxepin · See more »
Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin, sold under the trade names Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Doxorubicin · See more »
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Drug interaction · See more »
Duloxetine
Duloxetine, sold under the brand name Cymbalta among others, is a medication mostly used for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Duloxetine · See more »
Encainide
Encainide (trade name Enkaid) is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Encainide · See more »
Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Enzyme · See more »
Enzyme induction and inhibition
Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Enzyme induction and inhibition · See more »
Enzyme inhibitor
4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Enzyme inhibitor · See more »
Escitalopram
Escitalopram, sold under the brand names Cipralex and Lexapro among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Escitalopram · See more »
Flecainide
Flecainide acetate is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmias (abnormal fast rhythms of the heart).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Flecainide · See more »
Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine, also known by trade names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Fluoxetine · See more »
Fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is a medication which is used primarily for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and is also used to treat major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Fluvoxamine · See more »
Formulary (pharmacy)
At its most basic level, a formulary is a list of medicines.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Formulary (pharmacy) · See more »
Functional group
In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Functional group · See more »
Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Gene · See more »
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Genetics · See more »
Genotype
The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Genotype · See more »
Glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Glucocorticoid · See more »
Glutethimide
Glutethimide is a hypnotic sedative that was introduced by Ciba in 1954 as a safe alternative to barbiturates to treat insomnia.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Glutethimide · See more »
H1 antagonist
H1 antagonists, also called H1 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions.
New!!: CYP2D6 and H1 antagonist · See more »
H2 antagonist
H2 antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RA and also called H2 blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the histamine H2 receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach.
New!!: CYP2D6 and H2 antagonist · See more »
Halofantrine
Halofantrine is a drug used to treat malaria.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Halofantrine · See more »
Haloperidol
Haloperidol, marketed under the trade name Haldol among others, is a typical antipsychotic medication.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Haloperidol · See more »
Hydrocodone
Hydrocodone, sold under brand names such as Vicodin and Norco among many others, is a semisynthetic opioid derived from codeine, one of the opioid alkaloids found in the opium poppy.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Hydrocodone · See more »
Hydromorphone
Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid, among others, is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Hydromorphone · See more »
Hydroxylation
Hydroxylation is a chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group (-OH) into an organic compound.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Hydroxylation · See more »
Hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine, sold under the brand names Atarax and Vistaril among others, is a first-generation antihistamine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Hydroxyzine · See more »
Hyperforin
Hyperforin is a phytochemical produced by some of the members of the plant genus Hypericum, notably Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Hyperforin · See more »
Hypericum perforatum
Hypericum perforatum, known as perforate St John's-wort, common Saint John's wort and St John's wort, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Hypericum perforatum · See more »
Hypnotic
Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep) or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or surgical anesthesia.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Hypnotic · See more »
Iloperidone
Iloperidone, also known as Fanapt, Fanapta, and previously known as Zomaril, is an atypical antipsychotic for the treatment of schizophrenia.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Iloperidone · See more »
Imipramine
Imipramine, sold under the brand name Tofranil among others, is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) which is used mainly in the treatment of depression.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Imipramine · See more »
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) is a public research university located in Indianapolis, Indiana.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis · See more »
Indiana University School of Medicine
The Indiana University School of Medicine is a medical school and medical research center connected to Indiana University; its principal research and medical center is on the Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis campus in Indianapolis.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Indiana University School of Medicine · See more »
Inducer
In molecular biology, an inducer is a molecule that regulates gene expression.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Inducer · See more »
Levomepromazine
Levomepromazine (INN, BAN, USAN), also known as methotrimeprazine, is a phenothiazine neuroleptic drug. It is sold in many countries under the generic name (levomepromazine) or under brand names such as Nozinan, Levoprome, Detenler, Hirnamin, Levotomin, Neurocil and many more. It is a low-potency antipsychotic (approximately half as potent as chlorpromazine) with strong analgesic, hypnotic and antiemetic properties that is primarily used in palliative care. Serious side effects include tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, abnormalities in the electrical cycle of the heart, low blood pressure and the potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome. As is typical of phenothiazine antipsychotics, levomepromazine is a "dirty drug", that is, it exerts its effects by blocking a variety of receptors, including adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin receptors.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Levomepromazine · See more »
Lidocaine
Lidocaine, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to numb tissue in a specific area.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Lidocaine · See more »
Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Liver · See more »
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Malaria · See more »
Management of HIV/AIDS
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs in an attempt to control HIV infection.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Management of HIV/AIDS · See more »
Meta-Tyramine
meta-Tyramine, also known as m-tyramine and 3-tyramine, is an endogenous trace amine neuromodulator and a structural analog of phenethylamine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Meta-Tyramine · See more »
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Metabolism · See more »
Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Metabolite · See more »
Methadone
Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among others, is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with tapering in people with opioid dependence.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Methadone · See more »
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Methamphetamine · See more »
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate, sold under various trade names, Ritalin being one of the most commonly known, is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine and piperidine classes that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Methylphenidate · See more »
Metoclopramide
Metoclopramide is a medication used mostly for stomach and esophageal problems.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Metoclopramide · See more »
Metoprolol
Metoprolol, marketed under the tradename Lopressor among others, is a medication of the selective β1 receptor blocker type.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Metoprolol · See more »
Mexiletine
Mexiletine (INN) (sold under the trade name Mexitil) is a non-selective voltage-gated sodium channel blocker which belongs to the Class IB anti-arrhythmic group of medicines.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Mexiletine · See more »
Mianserin
Mianserin, sold under the brand name Tolvon among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used in the treatment of depression in Europe and elsewhere in the world.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Mianserin · See more »
Mibefradil
Mibefradil (Posicor) is a drug for the treatment of hypertension and chronic angina pectoris.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Mibefradil · See more »
Middle East
The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Middle East · See more »
Midodrine
Midodrine (brand names Amatine, ProAmatine, Gutron, Bramox) is a vasopressor/antihypotensive agent.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Midodrine · See more »
Minaprine
Minaprine (INN, USAN, BAN) (brand names Brantur, Cantor) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant drug that was used in France for the treatment of depression until it was withdrawn from the market in 1996 because it caused convulsions.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Minaprine · See more »
Mirtazapine
Mirtazapine, sold under the brand name Remeron among others, is an atypical antidepressant which is used primarily in the treatment of depression.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Mirtazapine · See more »
Moclobemide
Moclobemide (sold as Amira, Aurorix, Clobemix, Depnil and Manerix) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) drug primarily used to treat depression and social anxiety. It is not approved for use in the United States, but is approved in other Western countries such as the UK and Australia (TGA approved in December 2000). It is produced by affiliates of the Hoffmann–La Roche pharmaceutical company. Initially, Aurorix was also marketed by Roche in South Africa, but was withdrawn after its patent rights expired and Cipla Medpro's Depnil and Pharma Dynamic's Clorix became available at half the cost. No significant rise in blood pressure occurs when moclobemide is combined with amines such as tyramine-containing foods or pressor amine drugs, unlike with the older nonselective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which cause a severe rise in blood pressure with such combination. Due to the lack of anticholinergic, cardiovascular, cognitive and psychomotor impairments moclobemide is advantageous in the elderly as well as those with cardiovascular disease.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Moclobemide · See more »
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Monoamine oxidase inhibitor · See more »
Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Morphine · See more »
Nebivolol
Nebivolol is a β1 receptor blocker with nitric oxide-potentiating vasodilatory effect used in treatment of hypertension and, in Europe, also for left ventricular failure.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Nebivolol · See more »
Neurosteroid
Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Neurosteroid · See more »
Niacin
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Niacin · See more »
Nicotinamide
Nicotinamide (NAA), also known as niacinamide, is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Nicotinamide · See more »
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug · See more »
North Africa
North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.
New!!: CYP2D6 and North Africa · See more »
Ondansetron
Ondansetron, marketed under the brand name Zofran, is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Ondansetron · See more »
Opioid
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Opioid · See more »
Oxycodone
Oxycodone, sold under brand names such as Percocet and OxyContin among many others, is an opioid medication which is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Oxycodone · See more »
Paroxetine
Paroxetine, also known by trade names including Paxil and Seroxat among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It has also been used in the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats associated with menopause. It has a similar tolerability profile to other SSRIs. The common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, sweating, trouble sleeping and delayed ejaculation. It may also be associated with a slightly increased risk of birth defects. The rate of withdrawal symptoms in young people may be higher with paroxetine and venlafaxine than other SSRIs and SNRIs. Several studies have associated paroxetine with suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents. Marketing of the drug began in 1992 by the pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham, known since 2000 as GlaxoSmithKline. Generic formulations have been available since 2003 when the patent expired. The United States Department of Justice fined GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion in 2012, including a sum for withholding data on paroxetine, unlawfully promoting it for under-18s and preparing an article, following one of its clinical trials, study 329, that misleadingly reported the drug was effective in treating adolescent depression.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Paroxetine · See more »
Perhexiline
Perhexiline (Pexsig) is a prophylactic antianginal agent used primarily in Australia and New Zealand.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Perhexiline · See more »
Perphenazine
Perphenazine is a typical antipsychotic drug.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Perphenazine · See more »
Phenacetin
Phenacetin (or acetophenetidin) is a pain-relieving and fever-reducing drug, which was widely used between its introduction in 1887 and the 1983 ban imposed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Phenacetin · See more »
Phenformin
Phenformin is an antidiabetic drug from the biguanide class.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Phenformin · See more »
Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Phenotype · See more »
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an α-amino acid with the formula.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Phenylalanine · See more »
Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Polymorphism (biology) · See more »
Potency (pharmacology)
In the field of pharmacology, potency is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Potency (pharmacology) · See more »
Prodrug
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Prodrug · See more »
Prokinetic agent
A gastroprokinetic agent, gastrokinetic, or prokinetic, is a type of drug which enhances gastrointestinal motility by increasing the frequency of contractions in the small intestine or making them stronger, but without disrupting their rhythm.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Prokinetic agent · See more »
Promethazine
Promethazine is a neuroleptic medication and first-generation antihistamine of the phenothiazine family.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Promethazine · See more »
Propafenone
Propafenone (brand name Rythmol SR or Rytmonorm) is a class 1C anti-arrhythmic medication, which treats illnesses associated with rapid heart beats such as atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Propafenone · See more »
Propranolol
Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker type. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors. It is used to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. The formulation that is taken by mouth comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken by mouth. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. It should not be used in those with an already slow heart rate and most of those with heart failure. Quickly stopping the medication in those with coronary artery disease may worsen symptoms. It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. Caution is recommended in those with liver or kidney problems. Propranolol may cause harmful effects in the baby if taken during pregnancy. Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe, but the baby should be monitored for side effects. It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. Propranolol was discovered in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Propranolol is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.24 and 2.16 per month as of 2014. In the United States it costs about $15 per month at a typical dose.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Propranolol · See more »
Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant" is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Protein isoform · See more »
Pseudogene
Pseudogenes are segments of DNA that are related to real genes.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Pseudogene · See more »
Quinidine
Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent (Ia) in the heart.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Quinidine · See more »
Quinine
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Quinine · See more »
Remoxipride
Remoxipride (Roxiam) is an atypical antipsychotic (although according to some sources it is a typical antipsychotic) which was previously used in Europe for the treatment of schizophrenia and acute mania but was withdrawn due to toxicity concerns (incidence of aplastic anemia in 1/10,000 patients).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Remoxipride · See more »
Rifampicin
Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Legionnaire's disease.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Rifampicin · See more »
Risperidone
Risperidone, sold under the trade name Risperdal among others, is an antipsychotic medication.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Risperidone · See more »
Ritonavir
Ritonavir, sold under the trade name Norvir, is an antiretroviral medication used along with other medications to treat HIV/AIDS.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Ritonavir · See more »
Sedative
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Sedative · See more »
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Selective estrogen receptor modulator · See more »
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor · See more »
Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Serotonin · See more »
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are a class of antidepressant drugs that treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and can also treat anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), chronic neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), and menopausal symptoms.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor · See more »
Sertraline
Sertraline, sold under the trade names Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Sertraline · See more »
Sparteine
Sparteine is a class 1a antiarrhythmic agent; a sodium channel blocker.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Sparteine · See more »
Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Stimulant · See more »
Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra (SN) is a basal ganglia structure located in the midbrain that plays an important role in reward and movement.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Substantia nigra · See more »
Substituted amphetamine
Substituted amphetamines are a class of compounds based upon the amphetamine structure; it includes all derivative compounds which are formed by replacing, or substituting, one or more hydrogen atoms in the amphetamine core structure with substituents.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Substituted amphetamine · See more »
Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, a substrate is typically the chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, which reacts with a reagent to generate a product.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Substrate (chemistry) · See more »
Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen (TMX), sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a medication that is used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tamoxifen · See more »
Tapentadol
Tapentadol (brand names: Nucynta, Palexia and Tapal) is a centrally acting opioid analgesic of the benzenoid class with a dual mode of action as an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tapentadol · See more »
Terbinafine
Terbinafine, sold under the brand name Lamisil among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat ringworm, pityriasis versicolor, and fungal nail infections.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Terbinafine · See more »
Tetracyclic antidepressant
Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs) are a class of antidepressants that were first introduced starting in the 1970s.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tetracyclic antidepressant · See more »
Thioridazine
Thioridazine (Mellaril or Melleril) is a piperidine typical antipsychotic drug belonging to the phenothiazine drug group and was previously widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Thioridazine · See more »
Ticlopidine
Ticlopidine (trade name Ticlid) is an antiplatelet drug in the thienopyridine family which is an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor inhibitor.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Ticlopidine · See more »
Timolol
Timolol is a medication used either by mouth or as eye drops.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Timolol · See more »
Trace amine
Trace amines are an endogenous group of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists – and hence, monoaminergic neuromodulators – that are structurally and metabolically related to classical monoamine neurotransmitters.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Trace amine · See more »
Tramadol
Tramadol, sold under the brand name Ultram among others, is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tramadol · See more »
Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tricyclic antidepressant · See more »
Tripelennamine
Tripelennamine, sold under the brand name Pyribenzamine by Novartis, is a drug that is used as an antipruritic and first-generation antihistamine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tripelennamine · See more »
Tropisetron
Tropisetron (INN) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used mainly as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy, although it has been used experimentally as an analgesic in cases of fibromyalgia.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tropisetron · See more »
Typical antipsychotic
Typical antipsychotics are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia).
New!!: CYP2D6 and Typical antipsychotic · See more »
Tyramine
Tyramine (also spelled tyramin), also known by several other names is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Tyramine · See more »
Venlafaxine
Venlafaxine, sold under the brand name Effexor among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) class.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Venlafaxine · See more »
Vitamin
A vitamin is an organic molecule (or related set of molecules) which is an essential micronutrient - that is, a substance which an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism - but cannot synthesize it (either at all, or in sufficient quantities), and therefore it must be obtained through the diet.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Vitamin · See more »
White people
White people is a racial classification specifier, used mostly for people of European descent; depending on context, nationality, and point of view, the term has at times been expanded to encompass certain persons of North African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian descent, persons who are often considered non-white in other contexts.
New!!: CYP2D6 and White people · See more »
Xenobiotic
A xenobiotic is a chemical substance found within an organism that is not naturally produced or expected to be present within the organism.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Xenobiotic · See more »
Zuclopenthixol
Zuclopenthixol (brand names Cisordinol, Clopixol, Acuphase), also known as zuclopentixol, is a medication used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses.
New!!: CYP2D6 and Zuclopenthixol · See more »
5-HT3 antagonist
The 5-HT3 antagonists, informally known as "setrons", are a class of drugs that act as receptor antagonists at the 5-HT3 receptor, a subtype of serotonin receptor found in terminals of the vagus nerve and in certain areas of the brain.
New!!: CYP2D6 and 5-HT3 antagonist · See more »
Redirects here:
CYP2D6 (gene), CYP2D6 deficiency, CYP2D6 inhibitor, CYP2D6 inhibitors, CYP2D7AP, CYP2D7BP, CYP2D7P2, CYP2D8P2, CYP2DL1, CYPIID6, Cyp2d6, Cyp2d6 inhibitor, Cyp2d6 inhibitors, Cyp2dl1, Cytochrome P450 2D6, Cytochrome p-450 cyp2d6, P450 2D6, P450-DB1, P450-db1, P450C2D, P450DB1.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2D6
