Logo
Unionpedia
Communication
Get it on Google Play
New! Download Unionpedia on your Android™ device!
Free
Faster access than browser!
 

Pale of Settlement

Index Pale of Settlement

The Pale of Settlement (Черта́ осе́длости,, דער תּחום-המושבֿ,, תְּחוּם הַמּוֹשָב) was a western region of Imperial Russia with varying borders that existed from 1791 to 1917, in which permanent residency by Jews was allowed and beyond which Jewish permanent or temporary residency was mostly forbidden. [1]

125 relations: Alexander II of Russia, Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire, Antisemitism in Russia, Antisemitism in the Russian Empire, Antisemitism in the Soviet Union, Artisan, Ashkenazi Jews, Augustów, Austria-Hungary, Łomża, Belarus, Bessarabia Governorate, Bryansk Oblast, Catherine the Great, Catholic Church, Caucasus, Chernigov Governorate, Congress Poland, Cossack Hetmanate, Crimea, Crimean Khanate, Decree, Dublin, Eastern Catholic Churches, Elizabeth of Russia, Encyclopaedia Judaica, February Revolution, Fiddler on the Roof, Fiddler on the Roof (film), German Empire, Grodno Governorate, Hasidic Judaism, Hippolytus Lutostansky, History of Poland (1795–1918), History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Russia, History of the Jews in the Soviet Union, History of the Jews in the United States, Imperial Russian Army, Ireland, Jewish Encyclopedia, Jewish holidays, Jewish quota, Jewish Virtual Library, Kalisz, Kashrut, Kherson Governorate, Kielce, Kiev, Kiev Governorate, ..., Kingdom of Prussia, Kovno Governorate, Kresy, Latin, Latvia, Lithuania, Little Russia, Lublin, May Laws, Minhag, Minsk Governorate, Mogilev Governorate, Moldova, Moscow, Mykolaiv, Nationalism, Northwestern Krai, Novorossiya, Novorossiya Governorate, October Revolution, Ottoman Empire, Pale of Calais, Partitions of Poland, Płock, Piotrków Trybunalski, Podolia Governorate, Pogrom, Poland, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poltava Governorate, Pskov Oblast, Radom, Rebbe, Russia, Russian Empire, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Provisional Government, Saint Petersburg, Second Partition of Poland, Sevastopol, Sholem Aleichem, Shtetl, Siedlce, Slavic Review, Smolensk Oblast, Social estates in the Russian Empire, Southwestern Krai, Suwałki, Synagogue, Taurida Governorate, Taurida Oblast, Tevye, The Holocaust, The Pale, The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe, Third Partition of Poland, Tzedakah, Ukase, Ukraine, Vilna Governorate, Vitebsk Governorate, Volhynian Governorate, Warsaw, Welfare, Western Krai, World War I, Yalta, Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty, Yentl, Yentl (film), Yeshiva, Yiddish, 101st kilometre. Expand index (75 more) »

Alexander II of Russia

Alexander II (p; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was the Emperor of Russia from the 2nd March 1855 until his assassination on 13 March 1881.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Alexander II of Russia · See more »

Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire

Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire (Еврейские погромы в России; (הסופות בנגב ha-sufot ba-negev; lit. "the storms in the South") were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Pogroms began occurring after the Russian Empire, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1791–1835. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live, and it was within them that the pogroms largely took place. Most Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of the Empire, unless they converted to the Russian Orthodox state religion.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire · See more »

Antisemitism in Russia

Antisemitism in Russia is expressed in acts of hostility against Jews in Russia and the promotion of antisemitic views in Russian Federation.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Antisemitism in Russia · See more »

Antisemitism in the Russian Empire

Antisemitism in the Russian Empire included numerous pogroms and the designation of the Pale of Settlement, from which Jews were forbidden to migrate into the interior of Russia, unless they converted to the Russian Orthodox state religion.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Antisemitism in the Russian Empire · See more »

Antisemitism in the Soviet Union

The 1917 Russian Revolution overthrew a centuries-old regime of official antisemitism in the Russian Empire, including its Pale of Settlement.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Antisemitism in the Soviet Union · See more »

Artisan

An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Artisan · See more »

Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכְּנַזִּים, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation:, singular:, Modern Hebrew:; also), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Ashkenazi Jews · See more »

Augustów

Augustów (Polish:; Augustavas), formerly known in English as Augustovo or Augustowo," is a city in north-eastern Poland with 30,802 inhabitants (2011).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Augustów · See more »

Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Austria-Hungary · See more »

Łomża

Łomża (Yiddish: Lomzhe) is a city in north-eastern Poland, approximately 150 kilometres (90 miles) to the north-east of Warsaw and west of Białystok.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Łomża · See more »

Belarus

Belarus (Беларусь, Biełaruś,; Беларусь, Belarus'), officially the Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь; Республика Беларусь), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Белоруссия, Byelorussiya), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Belarus · See more »

Bessarabia Governorate

Bessarabia Oblast was an oblast (1812–1871) and later a guberniya (Guberniya of Bessarabia, 1871–1917) in the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Bessarabia Governorate · See more »

Bryansk Oblast

Bryansk Oblast (Бря́нская о́бласть, Bryanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Bryansk Oblast · See more »

Catherine the Great

Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna; –), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая, Yekaterina Velikaya), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Catherine the Great · See more »

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Catholic Church · See more »

Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Caucasus · See more »

Chernigov Governorate

The Chernigov Governorate (Черниговская губерния; translit.: Chernigovskaya guberniya), also known as the Government of Chernigov, was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian Empire, which was officially created in 1802 from the Malorossiya Governorate with an administrative centre of Chernihiv.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Chernigov Governorate · See more »

Congress Poland

The Kingdom of Poland, informally known as Congress Poland or Russian Poland, was created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Congress Poland · See more »

Cossack Hetmanate

The Cossack Hetmanate (Гетьманщина), officially known as Zaporizhian Host (Військо Запорозьке), was a Cossack state in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764 (some sources claim until 1782).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Cossack Hetmanate · See more »

Crimea

Crimea (Крым, Крим, Krym; Krym; translit;; translit) is a peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Crimea · See more »

Crimean Khanate

The Crimean Khanate (Mongolian: Крымын ханлиг; Crimean Tatar / Ottoman Turkish: Къырым Ханлыгъы, Qırım Hanlığı, rtl or Къырым Юрту, Qırım Yurtu, rtl; Крымское ханство, Krymskoje hanstvo; Кримське ханство, Krymśke chanstvo; Chanat Krymski) was a Turkic vassal state of the Ottoman Empire from 1478 to 1774, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Crimean Khanate · See more »

Decree

A decree is a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Decree · See more »

Dublin

Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Dublin · See more »

Eastern Catholic Churches

The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches, and in some historical cases Uniate Churches, are twenty-three Eastern Christian particular churches sui iuris in full communion with the Pope in Rome, as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Eastern Catholic Churches · See more »

Elizabeth of Russia

Elizabeth Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́та) Петро́вна) (–), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Elizabeth of Russia · See more »

Encyclopaedia Judaica

The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people and of Judaism.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Encyclopaedia Judaica · See more »

February Revolution

The February Revolution (p), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and February Revolution · See more »

Fiddler on the Roof

Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in 1905.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Fiddler on the Roof · See more »

Fiddler on the Roof (film)

Fiddler on the Roof is a 1971 American musical comedy-drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Fiddler on the Roof (film) · See more »

German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and German Empire · See more »

Grodno Governorate

The Grodno Governorate, (translit, Gubernia grodzieńska, translit, Gardino gubernija) was a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Grodno Governorate · See more »

Hasidic Judaism

Hasidism, sometimes Hasidic Judaism (hasidut,; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Hasidic Judaism · See more »

Hippolytus Lutostansky

Hippolytus Lutostansky (1835–1915), also transliterated as Lutostanski, Liutostanskii, J. J. Ljutostanski, Ippolit Iosifovich Lutostanskiĭ; Polish: Hipolit Lutostański, was a former Catholic priest of Polish extraction in the Russian Empire, convert to the Russian Orthodox Church and an antisemite.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Hippolytus Lutostansky · See more »

History of Poland (1795–1918)

In 1795 the third and the last of the three 18th-century partitions of Poland ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and History of Poland (1795–1918) · See more »

History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over 1,000 years.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and History of the Jews in Poland · See more »

History of the Jews in Russia

Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and History of the Jews in Russia · See more »

History of the Jews in the Soviet Union

The history of the Jews in the Soviet Union is inextricably linked to much earlier expansionist policies of the Tsarist Russia conquering and ruling the eastern half of the European continent already before the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and History of the Jews in the Soviet Union · See more »

History of the Jews in the United States

The history of the Jews in the United States has been part of the American national fabric since colonial times.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and History of the Jews in the United States · See more »

Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Imperial Russian Army · See more »

Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Ireland · See more »

Jewish Encyclopedia

The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Jewish Encyclopedia · See more »

Jewish holidays

Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim ("Good Days", or singular Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew), are holidays observed in Judaism and by JewsThis article focuses on practices of mainstream Rabbinic Judaism.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Jewish holidays · See more »

Jewish quota

A Jewish quota was a racial quota limiting the number of Jews in various establishments to a certain percentage.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Jewish quota · See more »

Jewish Virtual Library

The Jewish Virtual Library ("JVL", formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Jewish Virtual Library · See more »

Kalisz

Kalisz (Old Greek: Καλισία, Latin: Calisia, Yiddish: קאַליש, Kalisch) is a city in central Poland with 101,625 inhabitants (December 2017), the capital city of the Kalisz Region.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kalisz · See more »

Kashrut

Kashrut (also kashruth or kashrus) is a set of Jewish religious dietary laws.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kashrut · See more »

Kherson Governorate

The Kherson Governorate (1802–1922) (Херсонская губерния, translit.: Khersonskaya guberniya; Херсонська губернія, translit.: Khersons`ka huberniya) or Government of Kherson was a guberniya, or administrative territorial unit, between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers, of the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kherson Governorate · See more »

Kielce

Kielce is a city in south central Poland with 199,475 inhabitants.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kielce · See more »

Kiev

Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kiev · See more »

Kiev Governorate

Kiev Governorate was an administrative division of the Russian Empire and Ukraine in 1796 until the Soviet administrative reform of the 1920s.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kiev Governorate · See more »

Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kingdom of Prussia · See more »

Kovno Governorate

Kovno Governorate (Ковенская губеpния or Kovenskaja gubernija; Kauno gubernija) or Government of Kaunas was a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kovno Governorate · See more »

Kresy

Kresy Wschodnie or Kresy (Eastern Borderlands, or Borderlands) was the Eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period constituting nearly half of the territory of the state.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Kresy · See more »

Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Latin · See more »

Latvia

Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Latvia · See more »

Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Lithuania · See more »

Little Russia

Little Russia, sometimes Little Rus' (Малая Русь, Malaya Rus', Малая Россия, Malaya Rossiya, Малороссия, Malorossiya; Мала Русь, Mala Rus'; or Rus' Minor from Μικρὰ Ῥωσία, Mikrá Rosía), is a geographical and historical term first used by Galician ruler Bolesław-Jerzy II who in 1335 signed his decrees as Dux totius Russiæ minoris.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Little Russia · See more »

Lublin

Lublin (Lublinum) is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Lublin · See more »

May Laws

Temporary regulations regarding the Jews (also known as May Laws) were proposed by minister of internal affairs Nikolai Ignatyev and enacted on 15 May (3 May O.S.), 1882, by the Emperor Alexander III of Russia.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and May Laws · See more »

Minhag

Minhag (מנהג "custom", pl. מנהגים, minhagim) is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Minhag · See more »

Minsk Governorate

The Minsk Governorate (Минская губерния) or Government of Minsk was a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Minsk Governorate · See more »

Mogilev Governorate

The Mogilev Governorate (Mogilevskaya Gubernya) or Government of Mogilev was a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire in the territory of the present day Belarus.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Mogilev Governorate · See more »

Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Moldova · See more »

Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Moscow · See more »

Mykolaiv

Mykolaiv (Микола́їв), also known as Nikolaev or Nikolayev (Никола́ев), is a city in southern Ukraine, the administrative center of the Mykolaiv Oblast.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Mykolaiv · See more »

Nationalism

Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty (self-governance) over the homeland.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Nationalism · See more »

Northwestern Krai

Northwestern Krai (Северо-Западный край) was a subdivision (krai) of the Russian Empire in the territories of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (present-day Belarus and Lithuania).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Northwestern Krai · See more »

Novorossiya

Novorossiya (a; Noua Rusie), literally New Russia but sometimes called South Russia, is a historical term of the Russian Empire denoting a region north of the Black Sea (Now part of Ukraine).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Novorossiya · See more »

Novorossiya Governorate

New Russia Governorate, or Novorossiya Governorate (Новоросси́йская губе́рния; translit.: Novorossiyskaya guberniya), was a governorate of the Russian Empire in the previously Ottoman and Cossack territories, that existed from 1764 until the 1783 administrative reform.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Novorossiya Governorate · See more »

October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and October Revolution · See more »

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Ottoman Empire · See more »

Pale of Calais

The Pale of Calais (le Calaisis) was a historical region in France that was controlled by the monarchs of England following the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the subsequent siege.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Pale of Calais · See more »

Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Partitions of Poland · See more »

Płock

Płock (pronounced) is a city on the Vistula river in central Poland.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Płock · See more »

Piotrków Trybunalski

Piotrków Trybunalski (also known by alternative names) is a city in central Poland with 74,694 inhabitants (2016).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Piotrków Trybunalski · See more »

Podolia Governorate

The Podolia Governorate or Government of Podolia, set up after the Second Partition of Poland, comprised a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire from 1793 to 1917, of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1917 to 1921, and of the Ukrainian SSR from 1921 to 1925.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Podolia Governorate · See more »

Pogrom

The term pogrom has multiple meanings, ascribed most often to the deliberate persecution of an ethnic or religious group either approved or condoned by the local authorities.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Pogrom · See more »

Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Poland · See more »

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth · See more »

Poltava Governorate

The Poltava Governorate (Полтавская губернія; translit.: Poltavskaya guberniya, Полтавська Губернія) or Government of Poltava was a guberniya in the historical Left-bank Ukraine region of the Russian Empire, which was officially created in 1802 from the disbanded Malorossiya Governorate which was split between the Chernigov Governorate and Poltava Governorate with an administrative center of Poltava.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Poltava Governorate · See more »

Pskov Oblast

Pskov Oblast (Пско́вская о́бласть) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the west of the country.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Pskov Oblast · See more »

Radom

Radom (ראָדעם Rodem) is a city in east-central Poland with 219,703 inhabitants (2013).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Radom · See more »

Rebbe

Rebbe (רבי: or Oxford Dictionary of English, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary) is a Yiddish word derived from the Hebrew word rabbi, which means 'master', 'teacher', or 'mentor'.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Rebbe · See more »

Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Russia · See more »

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Russian Empire · See more »

Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox patriarchates.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Russian Orthodox Church · See more »

Russian Provisional Government

The Russian Provisional Government (Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Rossii) was a provisional government of Russia established immediately following the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire on 2 March 1917.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Russian Provisional Government · See more »

Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Saint Petersburg · See more »

Second Partition of Poland

The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Second Partition of Poland · See more »

Sevastopol

Sevastopol (Севастополь; Севасто́поль; Акъяр, Aqyar), traditionally Sebastopol, is the largest city on the Crimean Peninsula and a major Black Sea port.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Sevastopol · See more »

Sholem Aleichem

Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem (Yiddish and שלום־עליכם, also spelled in Yiddish; Russian and Шо́лом-Але́йхем) (– May 13, 1916), was a leading Yiddish author and playwright.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Sholem Aleichem · See more »

Shtetl

Shtetlekh (שטעטל, shtetl (singular), שטעטלעך, shtetlekh (plural)) were small towns with large Jewish populations, which existed in Central and Eastern Europe before the Holocaust.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Shtetl · See more »

Siedlce

Siedlce (שעדליץ, Седлец) is a city in eastern Poland with 76,585 inhabitants.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Siedlce · See more »

Slavic Review

The Slavic Review is a major peer-reviewed academic journal publishing scholarly studies, book and film reviews, and review essays in all disciplines concerned with Russia, Central Eurasia, and Eastern and Central Europe.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Slavic Review · See more »

Smolensk Oblast

Smolensk Oblast (Смоле́нская о́бласть, Smolenskaya oblast; informal name — Smolenschina (Смоле́нщина) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Smolensk. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 985,537.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Smolensk Oblast · See more »

Social estates in the Russian Empire

Social estates in the Russian Empire were denoted by the term soslovie (sosloviye), which approximately corresponds to the notion of the estate of the realm.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Social estates in the Russian Empire · See more »

Southwestern Krai

Southwestern Krai (Юго-западный край, Yugo-zapadny kray), also known as Kiev General Governorate or Kiev, Podolia, and Volhynia General Governorate (Киевское, Подольское и Волынское генерал-губернаторство) was a subdivision (a krai) of the Russian Empire that included some of the territory of modern-day Ukraine mostly on the right bank of the Dnieper River.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Southwestern Krai · See more »

Suwałki

Suwałki (Suvalkai, סואוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with 69,210 inhabitants (2011).

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Suwałki · See more »

Synagogue

A synagogue, also spelled synagog (pronounced; from Greek συναγωγή,, 'assembly', בית כנסת, 'house of assembly' or, "house of prayer", Yiddish: שול shul, Ladino: אסנוגה or קהל), is a Jewish house of prayer.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Synagogue · See more »

Taurida Governorate

The Taurida Governorate (Таврическая губернія, modern spelling Таврическая губерния, Tavricheskaya guberniya; Таврiйська губернія, Tavrijśka gubernija; Tavrida guberniyası, Таврида губерниясы) or the Government of Taurida was an historical governorate of the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Taurida Governorate · See more »

Taurida Oblast

Taurida Oblast (Таврическая область, Tavricheskaya oblast′) was an oblast (province) of the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Taurida Oblast · See more »

Tevye

Tevye the Dairyman (טבֿיה דער מילכיקער Tevye der milkhiker, טוביה החולב) is the fictional narrator and protagonist of a series of short stories by Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich (better known by his pen-name of Sholem Aleichem), originally written in Yiddish, and first published in 1894.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Tevye · See more »

The Holocaust

The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and The Holocaust · See more »

The Pale

The Pale (An Pháil in Irish) or the English Pale (An Pháil Shasanach or An Ghalltacht) was the part of Ireland that was directly under the control of the English government in the late Middle Ages.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and The Pale · See more »

The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe

The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe is a two-volume, English-language reference work on the history and culture of Eastern Europe Jewry in this region, prepared by the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research and published by Yale University Press in 2008.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe · See more »

Third Partition of Poland

The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Austrian Empire, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish–Lithuanian national sovereignty until 1918.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Third Partition of Poland · See more »

Tzedakah

Tzedakah or Ṣ'daqah in Classical Hebrew (צדקה), is a Hebrew word literally meaning "justice" or "righteousness," but commonly used to signify charity Notably, this concept of "charity" is different from the modern Western understanding of "charity," which is typically understood as a spontaneous act of goodwill and a marker of generosity, as tzedakah is rather an ethical obligation.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Tzedakah · See more »

Ukase

An ukase, or ukaz (указ, formally "imposition"), in Imperial Russia, was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Ukase · See more »

Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Ukraine · See more »

Vilna Governorate

The Vilna Governorate (1795–1915; also known as Lithuania-Vilnius Governorate from 1801 until 1840; Виленская губерния, Vilenskaya guberniya, Vilniaus gubernija, gubernia wileńska) or Government of Vilnius was a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire created after the Third Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Vilna Governorate · See more »

Vitebsk Governorate

Vitebsk Governorate (Витебская губерния) was an administrative unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, with the seat of governorship in Vitebsk.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Vitebsk Governorate · See more »

Volhynian Governorate

Volhynian Governorate (Волынская губерния, Волинська губернія) was an administrative-territorial unit initially of the Russian Empire, created at the end of 1796 after the Third Partition of Poland from the territory of the short-lived Volhynian Vice-royalty and Wołyń Voivodeship.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Volhynian Governorate · See more »

Warsaw

Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Warsaw · See more »

Welfare

Welfare is a government support for the citizens and residents of society.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Welfare · See more »

Western Krai

Western Krai (Западный край) is an unofficial name of the westernmost parts of the Russian Empire, excluding the territory of Congress Poland.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Western Krai · See more »

World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and World War I · See more »

Yalta

Yalta (Yalta; Я́лта; Я́лта) is a resort city on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yalta · See more »

Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter

Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter (Hebrew, 15 April 1847 – 11 January 1905), also known by the title of his main work, the Sfas Emes (Ashkenazic Pronunciation) or Sefat Emet (Modern Hebrew), was a Hasidic rabbi who succeeded his grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter, as the Av beis din (head of the rabbinical court) and Rav of Góra Kalwaria, Poland (known in Yiddish as the town of Ger), and succeeded Rabbi Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin of Aleksander as Rebbe of the Gerrer Hasidim.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter · See more »

Yekaterinoslav Governorate

The Yekaterinoslav Governorate (Екатеринославская губернія; translit.: Yekaterinoslavskaya guberniya; Катеринославська губернія) or Government of Yekaterinoslav was a governorate in the Russian Empire.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yekaterinoslav Governorate · See more »

Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty

The Ekaterinoslav Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire was created on 26 March 1783 by merging the Novorossiya Governorate and Azov Governorate.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty · See more »

Yentl

Yentl is a play by Leah Napolin and Isaac Bashevis Singer.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yentl · See more »

Yentl (film)

Yentl is a 1983 American romantic musical drama film from United Artists (through MGM), and directed, co-written, co-produced, and starring Barbra Streisand based on the play of the same name by Leah Napolin and Isaac Bashevis Singer, itself based on Singer's short story "Yentl the Yeshiva Boy".

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yentl (film) · See more »

Yeshiva

Yeshiva (ישיבה, lit. "sitting"; pl., yeshivot or yeshivos) is a Jewish institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and the Torah.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yeshiva · See more »

Yiddish

Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish/idish, "Jewish",; in older sources ייִדיש-טײַטש Yidish-Taitsh, Judaeo-German) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and Yiddish · See more »

101st kilometre

The phrase 101st kilometre (101-й километр, sto pervyy kilometr) is a colloquial name for the law restricting freedom of movement in the Soviet Union.

New!!: Pale of Settlement and 101st kilometre · See more »

Redirects here:

Cherta osedlosti, Jewish Pale, Jewish Pale of Settlement, Jewish pale, Pale of settlement, Within the pale, Черта́ осе́длости.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement

OutgoingIncoming
Hey! We are on Facebook now! »