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Paul Krugman

Index Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is currently Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and a columnist for The New York Times. [1]

294 relations: Adam Posen, Agricultural subsidy, Alan Blinder, Alan Greenspan, Albany, New York, Allen Lane, Alwyn Young, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Economic Association, American Jews, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Andrei Shleifer, Anthony Venables, Anti-globalization movement, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr., Avinash Dixit, Bachelor of Arts, Banco de Portugal, Bard College at Simon's Rock, Barry Goldwater, Ben Bernanke, Bernie Sanders, Bill Clinton, Brest, Belarus, Bush tax cuts, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Capitol Hill Babysitting Co-op, Carnation Revolution, Catherine Rampell, Central bank, Central Bank of Ireland, Central Statistics Office (Ireland), Ceteris paribus, Columnist, Commercial bank, Comparative advantage, Conservatism in the United States, Conservative Party (UK), Constant elasticity of substitution, Council of Economic Advisers, Currency crisis, Daniel Okrent, David Cameron, David Frum, David M. Kennedy (historian), David Ricardo, Democracy Now!, Derivative (finance), Diversity (business), Doctor of Philosophy, ..., Donald Kohn, Dot-com bubble, Double Irish arrangement, East Asia, Eastern Economic Journal, Eco-economic decoupling, Economic geography, Economic growth, Economic inequality, Economic Policy Institute, Economies of agglomeration, Economies of scale, Economist, Economy of Japan, Editor & Publisher, Efficient-market hypothesis, Elhanan Helpman, Elinor Ostrom, Elsevier, Emeritus, End This Depression Now!, Eric Maskin, Ethanol fuel, Evan Thomas, Ezra Klein, Factor price, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, Federal Reserve System, Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Financial Times, Fixed exchange-rate system, Foreign Affairs, Foreign exchange controls, Foreign exchange market, Foreign Policy, Fortune (magazine), Foundation series, Four Asian Tigers, FP Top 100 Global Thinkers, Free trade, Free University of Berlin, General equilibrium theory, George W. Bush, Gilded Age, Globalization, Gordon Brown, Government of Malaysia, Graduate Center, CUNY, Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act, Great Depression, Great Recession, Green Templeton College, Oxford, Group of Thirty, Guillermo de la Dehesa, H. C. Recktenwald Prize in Economics, Hamilton College (New York), Harper's Magazine, Harvard Business Review, Haverford College, Heckscher–Ohlin model, Henry Farrell (political scientist), Hillary Clinton, Home market effect, Honorary degree, Hyman Minsky, Income distribution, Income inequality in the United States, Industrial policy, Inflation targeting, Institute of Economic Affairs, Insurance, International economics, International finance, International trade, Investment, Investment banking, Iraq War, Irving Fisher, Isaac Asimov, IS–LM model, J. Bradford DeLong, J. Peter Neary, James Joyce Award, John Bates Clark Medal, John F. Kennedy High School (Bellmore, New York), John H. Cochrane, John Maynard Keynes, John Quiggin, Joseph Stiglitz, Journal of International Economics, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Journal of Political Economy, Katrina vanden Heuvel, Keynes: The Return of the Master, Keynesian economics, Larissa MacFarquhar, Lawrence Lau, Leonid Hurwicz, Leprechaun economics, Liquidity trap, List of economists, List of Jewish Nobel laureates, List of newspaper columnists, List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics, Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin), Living wage, London School of Economics, Lost Decade (Japan), Luxembourg Income Study, Macroeconomics, Malaysia, Mark Thoma, Martin Feldstein, Martin Wolf, Masahisa Fujita, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Maureen Dowd, Maurice Obstfeld, Merrick, New York, Michael Hirsh (journalist), Michael Moore, Michael Tomasky, Milton Friedman, Missionary, Modern liberalism in the United States, Modified gross national income, Monetary policy, Mother Jones (magazine), Myth, Naomi Klein, NASA, Nassau County, New York, National Association for Business Economics, National Bureau of Economic Research, Natural selection, Neoclassical synthesis, New Deal, New economy, New Keynesian economics, New Statesman, New trade theory, New University of Lisbon, New York (state), Newsweek, Nicholas Confessore, Nobel Committee, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Oliver E. Williamson, Ombudsman, Paradox of flexibility, Paradox of toil, Paul Samuelson, Peddling Prosperity, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Phil Gramm, Politico, Post-Keynesian economics, Presidency of Barack Obama, Presidency of Donald Trump, Presidency of George W. Bush, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Princess of Asturias Awards, Princeton University, Productivity, Protectionism, Psychohistory (fictional), Public policy, Pulitzer Prize, Ralph Nader, Rational expectations, Rent regulation, Rent-seeking, Republican Party (United States), Research Papers in Economics, Richard Koo, Richard Layard, Baron Layard, Robert P. Murphy, Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky, Robert W. Vishny, Robin Wells, Roger Myerson, Rolling Stone, Ronald Reagan, Rudi Dornbusch, Rudy Giuliani, Rush Limbaugh, Saltwater and freshwater economics, Second Polish Republic, September 11 attacks, Singapore, Slate (magazine), Social democracy, Southern strategy, Speculative attack, Stanford University, Stephen Salant, Strategic trade theory, Subprime mortgage crisis, Supply-side economics, Sweatshop, Tax, Technical University of Lisbon, Textbook, The American Economic Review, The Bellmores, New York, The Conscience of a Conservative, The Conscience of a Liberal, The Daily Telegraph, The Economist, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, The Great Unraveling, The Guardian, The Independent, The Nation, The New York Review of Books, The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Nikkei, The Theory of Interstellar Trade, Thomas Piketty, Thomas Woods, Total factor productivity, Trans-Pacific Partnership, United Kingdom general election, 2010, United States, United States presidential election, 1992, United States presidential election, 2000, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, University of Lisbon, University of Oxford, University of Toronto, Vendor lock-in, Volvo, Washington Monthly, Welfare queen, Welfare state, White House, Workforce, World Trade Organization, Yale University, Zoning, 1997 Asian financial crisis, 2008–09 Keynesian resurgence, 2010 G20 Toronto summit. Expand index (244 more) »

Adam Posen

Adam Simon Posen (born 1966 in Brookline, Massachusetts) is an American economist and President of the Peterson Institute for International Economics (where he has worked since July 1997).

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Agricultural subsidy

An agricultural subsidy is a governmental subsidy paid to agribusinesses, agricultural organizations and farms to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities.

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Alan Blinder

Alan Stuart Blinder (born October 14, 1945) is an American economist.

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Alan Greenspan

Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926) is an American economist who served as Chairman of the Federal Reserve of the United States from 1987 to 2006.

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Albany, New York

Albany is the capital of the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Albany County.

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Allen Lane

Sir Allen Lane (born Allen Lane Williams; 21 September 1902 – 7 July 1970) was a British publisher who together with his brothers Richard and John Lane founded Penguin Books in 1935, bringing high-quality paperback fiction and non-fiction to the mass market.

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Alwyn Young

Alwyn Young is a professor of economics and the Leili & Johannes Huth Fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).

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American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States of America.

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American Economic Association

The American Economic Association (AEA) is a learned society in the field of economics, headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee.

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American Jews

American Jews, or Jewish Americans, are Americans who are Jews, whether by religion, ethnicity or nationality.

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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), nicknamed the Recovery Act, was a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009.

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Andrei Shleifer

Andrei Shleifer (born February 20, 1961) is a Russian American economist and Professor of Economics at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1991.

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Anthony Venables

Anthony James Venables, CBE, (born 25 April, 1953), is a British economist and the BP Professor of Economics at the University of Oxford.

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Anti-globalization movement

The anti-globalization movement, or counter-globalisation movement, is a social movement critical of economic globalization.

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Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.

Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr. (born September 22, 1951) is an American journalist.

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Avinash Dixit

Avinash Kamalakar Dixit (born August 6, 1944, in Bombay, India) is an Indian-American economist.

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Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, sciences, or both.

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Banco de Portugal

The Banco de Portugal (English: Bank of Portugal) is the central bank of the Portuguese Republic.

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Bard College at Simon's Rock

Bard College at Simon's Rock, more commonly known as Simon's Rock (see below), is a residential four-year liberal arts college located in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, USA.

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Barry Goldwater

Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician, businessman, and author who was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–65, 1969–87) and the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in 1964.

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Ben Bernanke

Ben Shalom Bernanke (born December 13, 1953) is an American economist at the Brookings Institution who served two terms as Chairman of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, from 2006 to 2014.

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Bernie Sanders

Bernard Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Brest, Belarus

Brest (Брэст There is also the name "Berestye", but it is found only in the Old Russian language and Tarashkevich., Брест Brest, Берестя Berestia, בריסק Brisk), formerly Brest-Litoŭsk (Брэст-Лiтоўск) (Brest-on-the-Bug), is a city (population 340,141 in 2016) in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish city of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet.

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Bush tax cuts

The phrase Bush tax cuts refers to changes to the United States tax code passed originally during the presidency of George W. Bush and extended during the presidency of Barack Obama, through.

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Capital in the Twenty-First Century

Capital in the Twenty-First Century is a 2013 book by French economist Thomas Piketty.

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Capitol Hill Babysitting Co-op

The Capitol Hill Babysitting Cooperative (CHBC) is a cooperative located in Washington D.C., whose purpose is to fairly distribute the responsibility of babysitting between its members.

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Carnation Revolution

The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos), also referred to as the 25th of April (vinte e cinco de Abril), was initially a military coup in Lisbon, Portugal, on 25 April 1974 which overthrew the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo.

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Catherine Rampell

Catherine Rampell is an American journalist and nationally syndicated opinion columnist.

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Central bank

A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates.

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Central Bank of Ireland

The Central Bank of Ireland (Banc Ceannais na hÉireann) is Ireland's central bank, and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB).

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Central Statistics Office (Ireland)

The Central Statistics Office (CSO; An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh) is the statistical agency responsible for the gathering of "information relating to economic, social and general activities and conditions" in Ireland, in particular the National Census which is held every five years.

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Ceteris paribus

Ceteris paribus or caeteris paribus is a Latin phrase meaning "other things equal".

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Columnist

A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series, creating an article that usually offers commentary and opinions.

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Commercial bank

A commercial bank is an institution that provides services such as accepting deposits, providing business loans, and offering basic investment products.

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Comparative advantage

The law or principle of comparative advantage holds that under free trade, an agent will produce more of and consume less of a good for which they have a comparative advantage.

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Conservatism in the United States

American conservatism is a broad system of political beliefs in the United States that is characterized by respect for American traditions, republicanism, support for Judeo-Christian values, moral absolutism, free markets and free trade, anti-communism, individualism, advocacy of American exceptionalism, and a defense of Western culture from the perceived threats posed by socialism, authoritarianism, and moral relativism.

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Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom.

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Constant elasticity of substitution

Constant elasticity of substitution (CES), in economics, is a property of some production functions and utility functions.

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Council of Economic Advisers

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946, which advises the President of the United States on economic policy.

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Currency crisis

A currency crisis is a situation in which serious doubt exists as to whether a country's central bank has sufficient foreign exchange reserves to maintain the country's fixed exchange rate.

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Daniel Okrent

Daniel Okrent (born April 2, 1948) is an American writer and editor.

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David Cameron

David William Donald Cameron (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2005 to 2016.

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David Frum

David Jeffrey Frum (born June 30, 1960) is a Canadian-American political commentator.

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David M. Kennedy (historian)

David Michael Kennedy (born July 22, 1941 in Seattle, Washington) is an American historian specializing in American history.

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David Ricardo

David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, one of the most influential of the classical economists along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith and James Mill.

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Democracy Now!

Democracy Now! is an hour-long American TV, radio and internet news program hosted by journalists Amy Goodman and Juan González.

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Derivative (finance)

In finance, a derivative is a contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying entity.

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Diversity (business)

The "business case for diversity" stems from the progression of the models of diversity within the workplace since the 1960s.

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Doctor of Philosophy

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or Ph.D.; Latin Philosophiae doctor) is the highest academic degree awarded by universities in most countries.

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Donald Kohn

Donald Lewis Kohn (born November 7, 1942) is an American economist who served as the former Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

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Dot-com bubble

The dot-com bubble (also known as the dot-com boom, the dot-com crash, the Y2K crash, the Y2K bubble, the tech bubble, the Internet bubble, the dot-com collapse, and the information technology bubble) was a historic economic bubble and period of excessive speculation that occurred roughly from 1997 to 2001, a period of extreme growth in the usage and adaptation of the Internet.

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Double Irish arrangement

Double Irish arrangement is a tax scheme used by some U.S. corporations in Ireland (including Apple, Google and Facebook amongst others), to shield non-U.S. income from the pre Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) U.S. worldwide 35% tax system, and almost all Irish taxes.

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East Asia

East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.

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Eastern Economic Journal

The Eastern Economic Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of economics.

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Eco-economic decoupling

In economic and environmental fields, decoupling is becoming increasingly used in the context of economic production and environmental quality.

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Economic geography

Economic geography is the study of the location, distribution and spatial organization of economic activities across the world.

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Economic growth

Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.

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Economic inequality

Economic inequality is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, among groups in a population, or among countries.

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Economic Policy Institute

The Economic Policy Institute is a 501(c)(3) non-profit American think tank based in Washington, D.C. that carries out economic research and analyzes the economic impact of policies and proposals.

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Economies of agglomeration

Economies of agglomeration considers the effects of urban agglomeration, it is a topic of urban economics.

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Economies of scale

In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation (typically measured by amount of output produced), with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale.

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Economist

An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics.

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Economy of Japan

The economy of Japan is a highly developed and market-oriented economy.

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Editor & Publisher

Editor & Publisher (E&P) is a monthly magazine covering the North American newspaper industry.

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Efficient-market hypothesis

The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) is a theory in financial economics that states that asset prices fully reflect all available information.

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Elhanan Helpman

Elhanan Helpman (Hebrew: אלחנן הלפמן, born March 30, 1946) is an Israeli economist who is currently the Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade at Harvard University.

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Elinor Ostrom

Elinor Claire "Lin" Ostrom (August 7, 1933 – June 12, 2012) was an American political economist whose work was associated with the New Institutional Economics and the resurgence of political economy.

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Elsevier

Elsevier is an information and analytics company and one of the world's major providers of scientific, technical, and medical information.

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Emeritus

Emeritus, in its current usage, is an adjective used to designate a retired professor, pastor, bishop, pope, director, president, prime minister, or other person.

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End This Depression Now!

End This Depression Now! is a non-fiction book by the American economist Paul Krugman.

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Eric Maskin

Eric Stark Maskin (born December 12, 1950) is an American economist and 2007 Nobel laureate recognized with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory".

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Ethanol fuel

Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel.

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Evan Thomas

Evan Welling Thomas III (born April 25, 1951) is an American journalist, historian, and author.

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Ezra Klein

Ezra Klein (born May 9, 1984) is an American journalist, blogger, and political commentator who currently works as editor-at-large of Vox.

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Factor price

In economic theory, the price of a finished item affects the factors of production, the various costs and incentives of producing it, so as to 'attract' it toward a theoretical Factor price.

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Federal Reserve Board of Governors

The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, commonly known as the Federal Reserve Board, is the main governing body of the Federal Reserve System.

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Federal Reserve System

The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America.

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Financial crisis of 2007–2008

The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the global financial crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, is considered by many economists to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.

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Financial Times

The Financial Times (FT) is a Japanese-owned (since 2015), English-language international daily newspaper headquartered in London, with a special emphasis on business and economic news.

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Fixed exchange-rate system

A fixed exchange rate, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime where a currency's value is fixed against either the value of another single currency, to a basket of other currencies, or to another measure of value, such as gold.

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Foreign Affairs

Foreign Affairs is an American magazine of international relations and U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs.

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Foreign exchange controls

Foreign exchange controls are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents or on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents.

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Foreign exchange market

The foreign exchange market (Forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies.

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Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy is an American news publication, founded in 1970 and focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.

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Fortune (magazine)

Fortune is an American multinational business magazine headquartered in New York City, United States.

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Foundation series

The Foundation series is a science fiction book series written by American author Isaac Asimov.

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Four Asian Tigers

The Four Asian Tigers, Four Asian Dragons or Four Little Dragons, are the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan, which underwent rapid industrialization and maintained exceptionally high growth rates (in excess of 7 percent a year) between the early 1960s (mid-1950s for Hong Kong) and 1990s.

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FP Top 100 Global Thinkers

Foreign Policy magazine recognizes the world's pre-eminent thought leaders and public intellectuals in an annual issue, "100 Leading Global Thinkers".

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Free trade

Free trade is a free market policy followed by some international markets in which countries' governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries.

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Free University of Berlin

The Free University of Berlin (Freie Universität Berlin, often abbreviated as FU Berlin or simply FU) is a research university located in Berlin, Germany.

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General equilibrium theory

In economics, general equilibrium theory attempts to explain the behavior of supply, demand, and prices in a whole economy with several or many interacting markets, by seeking to prove that the interaction of demand and supply will result in an overall general equilibrium.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Gilded Age

The Gilded Age in United States history is the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900.

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Globalization

Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Government of Malaysia

Government of Malaysia officially the Federal Government of Malaysia (Kerajaan Persekutuan Malaysia) based in the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and the federal executive based in Putrajaya.

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Graduate Center, CUNY

The Graduate Center of the City University of New York is a public American research institution and post-graduate university based in New York City.

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Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act

The Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLBA), also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, is an act of the 106th United States Congress (1999–2001).

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Great Recession

The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.

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Green Templeton College, Oxford

Green Templeton College (GTC) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

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Group of Thirty

The Group of Thirty, often abbreviated to G30, is an international body of leading financiers and academics which aims to deepen understanding of economic and financial issues and to examine consequences of decisions made in the public and private sectors related to these issues.

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Guillermo de la Dehesa

Guillermo de la Dehesa Romero (Madrid, July 9, 1941) is a Spanish lawyer, economist, politician and businessman.

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H. C. Recktenwald Prize in Economics

The H. C. Recktenwald Prize in Economics was awarded to several academic economists from 1995 to 2004.

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Hamilton College (New York)

Hamilton College is a private, nonsectarian liberal arts college in Clinton, New York.

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Harper's Magazine

Harper's Magazine (also called Harper's) is a monthly magazine of literature, politics, culture, finance, and the arts.

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Harvard Business Review

Harvard Business Review (HBR) is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a wholly owned subsidiary of Harvard University.

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Haverford College

Haverford College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college in Haverford, Pennsylvania.

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Heckscher–Ohlin model

The Heckscher–Ohlin model (H–O model) is a general equilibrium mathematical model of international trade, developed by Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin at the Stockholm School of Economics.

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Henry Farrell (political scientist)

Henry Farrell is an Irish-born political scientist at George Washington University.

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Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

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Home market effect

The home market effect is a hypothesized concentration of certain industries in large markets.

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Honorary degree

An honorary degree, in Latin a degree honoris causa ("for the sake of the honor") or ad honorem ("to the honor"), is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, a dissertation and the passing of comprehensive examinations.

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Hyman Minsky

Hyman Philip Minsky (September 23, 1919 – October 24, 1996) was an American economist, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis, and a distinguished scholar at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

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Income distribution

In economics, income distribution is how a nation’s total GDP is distributed amongst its population.

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Income inequality in the United States

Income inequality in the United States has increased significantly since the 1970s after several decades of stability, meaning the share of the nation's income received by higher income households has increased.

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Industrial policy

The industrial policy of a country, sometimes denoted IP, is its official strategic effort to encourage the development and growth of part or all of the manufacturing sector as well as other sectors of the economy.

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Inflation targeting

Inflation targeting is a monetary policy regime in which a central bank has an explicit target inflation rate for the medium term and announces this inflation target to the public.

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Institute of Economic Affairs

The Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) is a privately funded non-profit conservative think tank based in Westminster, London, United Kingdom.

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Insurance

Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss.

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International economics

International economics is concerned with the effects upon economic activity from international differences in productive resources and consumer preferences and the international institutions that affect them.

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International finance

International finance (also referred to as international monetary economics or international macroeconomics) is the branch of financial economics broadly concerned with monetary and macroeconomic interrelations between two or more countries.

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International trade

International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories.

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Investment

In general, to invest is to allocate money (or sometimes another resource, such as time) in the expectation of some benefit in the future – for example, investment in durable goods, in real estate by the service industry, in factories for manufacturing, in product development, and in research and development.

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Investment banking

An investment bank is typically a private company that provides various finance-related and other services to individuals, corporations, and governments such as raising financial capital by underwriting or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of securities.

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Iraq War

The Iraq WarThe conflict is also known as the War in Iraq, the Occupation of Iraq, the Second Gulf War, and Gulf War II.

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Irving Fisher

Irving Fisher (February 27, 1867 – April 29, 1947) was an American economist, statistician, inventor, and Progressive social campaigner.

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Isaac Asimov

Isaac Asimov (January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.

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IS–LM model

The IS–LM model, or Hicks–Hansen model, is a macroeconomic tool that shows the relationship between interest rates (ordinate) and assets market (also known as real output in goods and services market plus money market, as abscissa).

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J. Bradford DeLong

James Bradford "Brad" DeLong (born June 24, 1960) is an economic historian who is professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.

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J. Peter Neary

J.

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James Joyce Award

The James Joyce Award, also known as the Honorary Fellowship of the Society, is an award given by the Literary and Historical Society (L&H) of University College Dublin (UCD) for those who have achieved outstanding success in their given field; recipients have ranged from respected academics, lauded political figures, skilled actors and, like James Joyce himself, writers.

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John Bates Clark Medal

The John Bates Clark Medal is awarded by the American Economic Association to "that American economist under the age of forty who is adjudged to have made a significant contribution to economic thought and knowledge".

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John F. Kennedy High School (Bellmore, New York)

John F. Kennedy High School is a public high school located in Bellmore, New York.

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John H. Cochrane

John Howland Cochrane (born 26 November 1957) is an economist, specializing in financial economics and macroeconomics.

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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John Quiggin

John Quiggin (born 29 March 1956) is an Australian economist, a Professor at the University of Queensland.

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Joseph Stiglitz

Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist and a professor at Columbia University.

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Journal of International Economics

The Journal of International Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of economics.

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Journal of Money, Credit and Banking

The Journal of Money, Credit and Banking is a peer-reviewed economics journal covering monetary and financial issues in macroeconomics.

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Journal of Political Economy

The Journal of Political Economy is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.

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Katrina vanden Heuvel

Katrina vanden Heuvel (born October 7, 1959) is an American editor and publisher.

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Keynes: The Return of the Master

Keynes: The Return of the Master is a 2009 book by economic historian Robert Skidelsky.

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Keynesian economics

Keynesian economics (sometimes called Keynesianism) are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total demand in the economy).

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Larissa MacFarquhar

Larissa MacFarquhar is an American writer known for her profiles in The New Yorker.

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Lawrence Lau

Professor Lawrence Lau Juen-yee, JP (born 1944) is a Hong Kong economist and the former Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.

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Leonid Hurwicz

Leonid "Leo" Hurwicz (August 21, 1917 – June 24, 2008) was a Polish American economist and mathematician.

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Leprechaun economics

Leprechaun economics was a term coined by Nobel Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman in a tweet on 12 July 2016 in response to the publication by the Irish Central Statistics Office (CSO) that Irish GDP had grown by 26.3%, and Irish GNP had grown by 18.7%, in the 2015 Irish national accounts.

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Liquidity trap

A liquidity trap is a situation, described in Keynesian economics, in which, "after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level, liquidity preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone prefers cash holding a debt which yields so low a rate of interest."Keynes, John Maynard (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 edition, A liquidity trap is caused when people hoard cash because they expect an adverse event such as deflation, insufficient aggregate demand, or war.

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List of economists

This is an incomplete alphabetical list by surname of notable economists, experts in the social science of economics, past and present.

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List of Jewish Nobel laureates

As of 2017, Nobel PrizesThe Nobel Prize is an annual, international prize first awarded in 1901 for achievements in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.

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List of newspaper columnists

This is a list of notable newspaper columnists.

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List of Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially known as The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Swedish: Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne), is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to researchers in the field of economic sciences.

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Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)

The Literary and Historical Society (L&H) is the oldest debating society in University College, Dublin (UCD), which according to its constitution is the 'College Debating Union'.

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Living wage

A living wage is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet their basic needs.

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London School of Economics

The London School of Economics (officially The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as LSE) is a public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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Lost Decade (Japan)

The is a period of economic stagnation in Japan following the Japanese asset price bubble's collapse in late 1991 and early 1992.

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Luxembourg Income Study

LIS Cross-National Data Center, formerly known as the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), is a non-profit organization registered in Luxembourg which produces a cross-national database of micro-economic income data for social science research.

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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning "large" and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Mark Thoma

Mark Allen Thoma (born December 15, 1956) is a macroeconomist and econometrician and a Professor of Economics at the Department of Economics of the University of Oregon.

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Martin Feldstein

Martin Stuart "Marty" Feldstein (born November 25, 1939) is an American economist.

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Martin Wolf

Martin Harry Wolf, CBE (born 1946) is a British journalist who focuses on economics.

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Masahisa Fujita

is a Japanese economist who has studied regional science and Urban economics and International Trade, Spatial Economy (New Economic Geography).

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Maureen Dowd

Maureen Brigid Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is an American columnist for The New York Times, and an author.

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Maurice Obstfeld

Maurice Moses "Maury" Obstfeld (born 1952) is a professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley and currently Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund.

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Merrick, New York

Merrick is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in the Town of Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States.

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Michael Hirsh (journalist)

Michael Hirsh is an American journalist, and the former national editor for Politico.

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Michael Moore

Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American documentary filmmaker, activist, and author.

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Michael Tomasky

Michael John Tomasky (born October 13, 1960) is an American columnist, commentator, journalist and author whose work inclines to the left.

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Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy.

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Missionary

A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

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Modern liberalism in the United States

Modern American liberalism is the dominant version of liberalism in the United States.

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Modified gross national income

Modified GNI (or GNI*) was created by the Central Bank of Ireland in February 2017 as a way to measure the Irish economy, and Irish indebtedness, due to the increasing distortions that Irish multinational tax schemes, also known as Irish IP-based BEPS tools, were having on Irish GNI, Irish GNP and Irish GDP.

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Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.

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Mother Jones (magazine)

Mother Jones (abbreviated MoJo) is a progressive American magazine that focuses on news, commentary, and investigative reporting on topics including politics, the environment, human rights, and culture.

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Myth

Myth is a folklore genre consisting of narratives that play a fundamental role in society, such as foundational tales.

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Naomi Klein

Naomi Klein (born May 8, 1970) is a Canadian author, social activist, and filmmaker known for her political analyses and criticism of corporate globalization and of capitalism.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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Nassau County, New York

Nassau County or is a suburban county comprising much of western Long Island in the U.S. state of New York.

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National Association for Business Economics

The National Association for Business Economics (NABE) is the largest international association of applied economists, strategists, academics, and policy-makers committed to the application of economics.

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National Bureau of Economic Research

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is well known for providing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Neoclassical synthesis

The neoclassical synthesis was a post-World War II academic movement in economics that worked towards absorbing the macroeconomic thought of John Maynard Keynes into neoclassical economics.

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New Deal

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States 1933-36, in response to the Great Depression.

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New economy

The new economy is the result of the transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy.

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New Keynesian economics

New Keynesian economics is a school of contemporary macroeconomics that strives to provide microeconomic foundations for Keynesian economics.

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New Statesman

The New Statesman is a British political and cultural magazine published in London.

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New trade theory

New trade theory (NTT) is a collection of economic models in international trade which focuses on the role of increasing returns to scale and network effects, which were developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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New University of Lisbon

New University of Lisbon (Universidade Nova de Lisboa -) or NOVA is a Portuguese university whose Rectorate is located in Campolide, Lisbon.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.

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Nicholas Confessore

Nicholas Confessore is a political correspondent on the National Desk of The New York Times.

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Nobel Committee

A Nobel Committee is a working body responsible for most of the work involved in selecting Nobel Prize laureates.

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Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (officially Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne, or the Swedish National Bank's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics, is an award for outstanding contributions to the field of economics, and generally regarded as the most prestigious award for that field.

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Oliver E. Williamson

Oliver Eaton Williamson (born September 27, 1932) is an American economist, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which he shared with Elinor Ostrom.

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Ombudsman

An ombudsman, ombud, or public advocate is an official who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or a violation of rights.

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Paradox of flexibility

The paradox of flexibility is that a debt deflation shock can create a situation where increased price and wage flexibility results in decreased total demand.

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Paradox of toil

The paradox of toil is the economic hypothesis that total employment will shrink if everybody wants to work more when "the short-term nominal interest rate is zero and there are deflationary pressures and output contraction".

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Paul Samuelson

Paul Anthony Samuelson (15 May 1915 – 13 December 2009) was an American economist and the first American to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.

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Peddling Prosperity

Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in an Age of Diminished Expectations is a book by Nobel laureate and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman, first published in 1994 by W. W. Norton & Company.

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Peterson Institute for International Economics

The Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE; Peterson Institute), until 2006 the Institute for International Economics (IIE), is a private and non-profit think tank focused on international economics, based in Washington, D.C. It was founded by C. Fred Bergsten in 1981, and is led by Adam S. Posen.

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Phil Gramm

William Philip Gramm (born July 8, 1942) is an American economist and politician who represented Texas in both houses of Congress.

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Politico

Politico, known earlier as The Politico, is an American political journalism company based in Arlington County, Virginia, that covers politics and policy in the United States and internationally.

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Post-Keynesian economics

Post-Keynesian economics is a school of economic thought with its origins in The General Theory of John Maynard Keynes, with subsequent development influenced to a large degree by Michał Kalecki, Joan Robinson, Nicholas Kaldor, Sidney Weintraub, Paul Davidson, Piero Sraffa and Jan Kregel.

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Presidency of Barack Obama

The presidency of Barack Obama began at noon EST on January 20, 2009, when Barack Obama was inaugurated as 44th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2017.

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Presidency of Donald Trump

Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States at noon EST on January 20, 2017, succeeding Barack Obama.

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Presidency of George W. Bush

The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009.

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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.

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Princess of Asturias Awards

The Princess of Asturias Awards (Premios Princesa de Asturias, Premios Princesa d'Asturies), formerly the Prince of Asturias Awards from 1981–2014 (Premios Príncipe de Asturias) are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by the Princess of Asturias Foundation (previously the Prince of Asturias Foundation) to individuals, entities or organizations from around the world who make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, and public affairs.

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Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.

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Productivity

Productivity describes various measures of the efficiency of production.

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Protectionism

Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.

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Psychohistory (fictional)

Psychohistory is a fictional science in Isaac Asimov's ''Foundation'' universe which combines history, sociology, and mathematical statistics to make general predictions about the future behavior of very large groups of people, such as the Galactic Empire.

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Public policy

Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues, in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs.

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Pulitzer Prize

The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States.

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Ralph Nader

Ralph Nader (born February 27, 1934) is an American political activist, author, lecturer, and attorney, noted for his involvement in consumer protection, environmentalism and government reform causes.

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Rational expectations

In economics, "rational expectations" are model-consistent expectations, in that agents inside the model are assumed to "know the model" and on average take the model's predictions as valid.

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Rent regulation

Rent regulation is a system of laws, administered by a court or a public authority, which aim to ensure the quality and affordability of housing and tenancies on the rental market for land.

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Rent-seeking

In public choice theory and in economics, rent-seeking involves seeking to increase one's share of existing wealth without creating new wealth.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Research Papers in Economics

Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) is a collaborative effort of hundreds of volunteers in many countries to enhance the dissemination of research in economics.

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Richard Koo

Richard C. Koo (リチャード・クー,;; born 1954) is a Taiwanese-American economist residing in Japan specializing in balance sheet recessions.

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Richard Layard, Baron Layard

Peter Richard Grenville Layard, Baron Layard FBA (born 15 March 1934) is a British labour economist, currently working as programme director of the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics.

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Robert P. Murphy

Robert Patrick Murphy (born 23 May 1976) is an American economist, consultant and author.

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Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky

Robert Jacob Alexander, Baron Skidelsky, FBA (born 25 April 1939) is a British economic historian of Russian origin and the author of a major, award-winning, three-volume biography of British economist John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946).

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Robert W. Vishny

Robert Ward Vishny (born c. 1959) is an American economist and is the Myron S. Scholes Distinguished Service Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business.

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Robin Wells

Robin Elizabeth Wells (born 1959), an American economist.

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Roger Myerson

Roger Bruce Myerson (born 1951) is an American economist and professor at the University of Chicago.

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Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone is an American monthly magazine that focuses on popular culture.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Rudi Dornbusch

Rüdiger "Rudi" Dornbusch (June 8, 1942 – July 25, 2002) was a German economist who worked for most of his career in the United States.

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Rudy Giuliani

Rudolph William Louis Giuliani (born May 28, 1944) is an American politician, attorney, businessman, public speaker, former mayor of New York City, and attorney to President Donald Trump.

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Rush Limbaugh

Rush Hudson Limbaugh III (born January 12, 1951) is an American radio talk show host and conservative political commentator.

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Saltwater and freshwater economics

In economics, the freshwater school (or sometimes sweetwater school) comprises US-based macroeconomists who, in the early 1970s, challenged the prevailing consensus in macroeconomics research.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).

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September 11 attacks

The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Slate (magazine)

Slate is an online magazine that covers current affairs, politics, and culture in the United States from a liberal perspective.

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Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

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Southern strategy

In American politics, the Southern strategy was a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans.

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Speculative attack

In economics, a speculative attack is a precipitous acquisition of some assets (currencies, gold, emission permits, remaining quotas) by previously inactive speculators.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Stephen Salant

Stephen W. Salant (born c. 1945) is an economist who has done extensive research in applied microeconomics (mostly in the fields of natural resources and industrial organization).

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Strategic trade theory

Strategic trade theory (sometimes appearing in literature as "strategic trade policy") describes the policy certain countries adopt in order to affect the outcome of strategic interactions between firms in an international oligopoly, an industry dominated by a small number of firms.

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Subprime mortgage crisis

The United States subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007 and 2010, that contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.

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Supply-side economics

Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation.

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Sweatshop

Sweatshop (or sweat factory) is a pejorative term for a workplace that has very poor, socially unacceptable working conditions.

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Tax

A tax (from the Latin taxo) is a mandatory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or other legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund various public expenditures.

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Technical University of Lisbon

The Technical University of Lisbon (UTL – Universidade Técnica de Lisboa) was a Portuguese public university.

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Textbook

A textbook or coursebook (UK English) is a manual of instruction in any branch of study.

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The American Economic Review

The American Economic Review is a peer-reviewed academic journal of economics.

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The Bellmores, New York

Bellmore is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Nassau County, New York, United States.

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The Conscience of a Conservative

The Conscience of a Conservative is a 1960 book published under the name of Arizona Senator and 1964 Republican presidential candidate Barry Goldwater.

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The Conscience of a Liberal

The Conscience of a Liberal is a 2007 book written by economist and Nobel laureate Paul Krugman.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money of 1936 is the last and most important book by the English economist John Maynard Keynes.

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The Great Unraveling

The Great Unraveling: Losing Our Way in the New Century is a book by American economist and Nobel laureate Paul Krugman, consisting of a collection of his columns for The New York Times (and some for Slate and Fortune).

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The Nation

The Nation is the oldest continuously published weekly magazine in the United States, and the most widely read weekly journal of progressive political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis.

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The New York Review of Books

The New York Review of Books (or NYREV or NYRB) is a semi-monthly magazine with articles on literature, culture, economics, science and current affairs.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The New Yorker

The New Yorker is an American magazine of reportage, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.

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The Nikkei

The Nikkei,, is Nikkei, Inc.'s flagship publication and the world's largest financial newspaper, with a daily circulation exceeding three million.

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The Theory of Interstellar Trade

The Theory of Interstellar Trade is a paper written in 1978 by the economist Paul Krugman.

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Thomas Piketty

Thomas Piketty (born 7 May 1971) is a French economist whose work focuses on wealth and income inequality.

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Thomas Woods

Thomas Ernest Woods Jr. (born August 1, 1972) is an American historian, political commentator, author, and podcaster.

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Total factor productivity

In economics, total-factor productivity (TFP), also called multi-factor productivity, is the portion of output not explained by traditionally measured inputs of labour and capital used in production.

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Trans-Pacific Partnership

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement between Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, Vietnam, and United States signed on 4 February 2016, which was not ratified as required and did not take effect.

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United Kingdom general election, 2010

The 2010 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 6 May 2010, with 45,597,461 registered voters entitled to vote to elect members to the House of Commons.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States presidential election, 1992

The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 2000

The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election.

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University of Erlangen-Nuremberg

Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, FAU) is a public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany.

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University of Lisbon

The University of Lisbon (ULisboa; Universidade de Lisboa) is a public research university in Lisbon, and the largest university in Portugal.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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University of Toronto

The University of Toronto (U of T, UToronto, or Toronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queen's Park.

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Vendor lock-in

In economics, vendor lock-in, also known as proprietary lock-in or customer lock-in, makes a customer dependent on a vendor for products and services, unable to use another vendor without substantial switching costs.

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Volvo

The Volvo Group (Volvokoncernen; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo) (stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg.

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Washington Monthly

Washington Monthly is a bimonthly nonprofit magazine of United States politics and government that is based in Washington, D.C. The magazine is known for its annual ranking of American colleges and universities, which serve as an alternative to the Forbes and U.S. News & World Report rankings.

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Welfare queen

"Welfare queen" is a derogatory term used in the U.S. to refer to women who allegedly misuse or collect excessive welfare payments through fraud, child endangerment, or manipulation.

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Welfare state

The welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the social and economic well-being of its citizens.

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White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.

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Workforce

The workforce or labour force (labor force in American English; see spelling differences) is the labour pool in employment.

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World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.

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Yale University

Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Zoning

Zoning is the process of dividing land in a municipality into zones (e.g. residential, industrial) in which certain land uses are permitted or prohibited.

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1997 Asian financial crisis

The Asian financial crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of East Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion.

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2008–09 Keynesian resurgence

Following the global financial crisis of 2007–08, there was a worldwide resurgence of interest in Keynesian economics among prominent economists and policy makers.

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2010 G20 Toronto summit

The 2010 G20 Toronto summit was the fourth meeting of the G20 heads of state/government, to discuss the global financial system and the world economy, which took place at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, during June 26–27, 2010.

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Bibliography of Paul Krugman, Krugman, Krugmanian, Krugmann, Paul Krugman bibliography, Paul R. Krugman, Paul Robin Krugman, Paul krugman, Very Serious People, Very Serious Person.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Krugman

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