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56 relations: Acetyl-CoA, Allosteric regulation, Anabolism, Archean, Aromatic amino acid, Carbon, Catabolism, Chemical synthesis, Cytosol, Decarboxylation, Dehydrogenation, Erythrose 4-phosphate, Fatty acid synthesis, Fenton's reagent, Ferrous, Frank Dickens (biochemist), Fructose 6-phosphate, Glucose, Glucose 6-phosphate, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Glutathione, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione reductase, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Glycolysis, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrolysis, Lignin, Lipogenesis, Metabolic pathway, Metal, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Nucleotide, Oxidative stress, Pentose, Phagocyte, Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, Plasmodium falciparum, Plastid, Red blood cell, Redox, Respiratory burst, Ribose 5-phosphate, Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, Ribulose 5-phosphate, RNA, Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, Sirtuin 2, Sugar, ..., Thiamine deficiency, Transaldolase, Transketolase, Xylulose 5-phosphate, 6-Phosphogluconic acid, 6-phosphogluconolactonase. Expand index (6 more) »
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Allosteric regulation
In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
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Anabolism
Anabolism (from ἁνά, "upward" and βάλλειν, "to throw") is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units.
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Archean
The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan) is one of the four geologic eons of Earth history, occurring (4 to 2.5 billion years ago).
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Aromatic amino acid
An aromatic amino acid (AAA) is an amino acid that includes an aromatic ring.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Catabolism
Catabolism (from Greek κάτω kato, "downward" and βάλλειν ballein, "to throw") is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions.
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Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products.
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Cytosol
The cytosol, also known as intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix, is the liquid found inside cells.
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Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2).
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Dehydrogenation
Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen from an organic molecule.
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Erythrose 4-phosphate
Erythrose 4-phosphate is a phosphate of the simple sugar erythrose.
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Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and NADPH through the action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases.
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Fenton's reagent
Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide with ferrous iron as a catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters.
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Ferrous
In chemistry, ferrous (Fe2+), indicates a divalent iron compound (+2 oxidation state), as opposed to ferric, which indicates a trivalent iron compound (+3 oxidation state).
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Frank Dickens (biochemist)
Frank Dickens FRS (15 December 1899 – 15 June 1986) was a biochemist, best known for his work at the Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry with Edward Charles Dodds on the pentose phosphate pathway which generates NADPH.
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Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate (sometimes called the Neuberg ester) is a derivative of fructose, which has been phosphorylated at the 6-hydroxy group.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Glucose 6-phosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate (sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD or G6PDH) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction This enzyme participates in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image), a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells (such as erythrocytes) by maintaining the level of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is an inborn error of metabolism that predisposes to red blood cell breakdown.
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Glutathione
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea.
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Glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is the general name of an enzyme family with peroxidase activity whose main biological role is to protect the organism from oxidative damage.
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Glutathione reductase
Glutathione reductase (GR) also known as glutathione-disulfide reductase (GSR) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GSR gene.
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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is the metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms.
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Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form important structural materials in the support tissues of vascular plants and some algae. Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are cross-linked phenolic polymers.
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Lipogenesis
Lipogenesis is the process by which acetyl-CoA is converted to fatty acids.
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Metabolic pathway
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.
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Metal
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as lipid and nucleic acid synthesis, which require NADPH as a reducing agent.
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Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules that serve as the monomer units for forming the nucleic acid polymers deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
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Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the systemic manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage.
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Pentose
A pentose is a monosaccharide with five carbon atoms.
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Phagocyte
Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.
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Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans.
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Plastid
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a double-membrane organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms.
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Red blood cell
Red blood cells-- also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for "red" and kytos for "hollow vessel", with -cyte translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Respiratory burst
Respiratory burst (sometimes called oxidative burst) is the rapid release of reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) from different types of cells.
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Ribose 5-phosphate
Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) is both a product and an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (Rpi) encoded by the RPIA gene is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion between ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) and ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P).
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Ribulose 5-phosphate
Ribulose 5-phosphate is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate
Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Sirtuin 2
NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SIRT2 gene.
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Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
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Thiamine deficiency
Thiamine deficiency is a medical condition of low levels of thiamine (vitamin B1).
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Transaldolase
Transaldolase is an enzyme of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Transketolase
Transketolase encoded by the TKT gene is an enzyme of both the pentose phosphate pathway in all organisms and the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
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Xylulose 5-phosphate
D-Xylulose 5-phosphate (D-xylulose-5-P) is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
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6-Phosphogluconic acid
6-Phosphogluconic acid (6-phosphogluconate) is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway.
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6-phosphogluconolactonase
6-Phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL, PGLS) is a cytosolic enzyme found in all organisms that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 6-phosphogluconolactone to 6-phosphogluconic acid in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway.
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Redirects here:
HMP Shunt, Hexose monophosphate shunt, Pentose phosphate shunt, Pentose shunt, Phosphogluconate oxidative pathway, Warburg-Dickens pathway.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentose_phosphate_pathway
