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Pesticide toxicity to bees

Index Pesticide toxicity to bees

Pesticides vary in their effects on bees. [1]

110 relations: Acaricide, Acephate, Aldicarb, Aldrin, Ant, Ant chalk, Australia, Azinphos-methyl, Baden-Württemberg, Bayer, Baygon, Bee, Beehive, Bees and toxic chemicals, Carbamate, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Chlorpyrifos, Clothianidin, Cockroach, Colony collapse disorder, Congressional Research Service, Coumaphos, Cypermethrin, Demeton, Demeton-S-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Dicofol, Dicrotophos, Dieldrin, Dimethoate, Endosulfan, European Food Safety Authority, European Union, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Germany), Fenitrothion, Fensulfothion, Fenthion, Fenvalerate, Fipronil, Fonofos, Gaucho, Heptachlor, Herbicide, Hexachlorocyclohexane, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, Imidacloprid, Imidacloprid effects on bees, International Organization for Standardization, ..., Larva, Lindane, List of endangered arthropods, List of Schedule 2 substances (CWC), Malathion, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Methoxychlor, Metrifonate, Mevinphos, Mexacarbate, Mid-Atlantic Apiculture Research and Extension Consortium, Mole cricket, Monocrotophos, Naled, Neonicotinoid, New Zealand, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, North Dakota State University, Omethoate, Organophosphate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parasitism, Parathion, Permethrin, Persistent organic pollutant, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Pesticide, Pesticide misuse, Petroleum, Phorate, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Pirimicarb, Pollination, Pollinator decline, Propoxur, Pyrazophos, Pyrethroid, Queen bee, Raid (insecticide), Rapeseed, Resmethrin, Small hive beetle, Sulfoxaflor, Sweet corn, Syngenta, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiamethoxam, Toxicity class, United Nations Environment Programme, United States Environmental Protection Agency, University of Florida, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Varroa destructor, Washington (state), World Health Organization, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Expand index (60 more) »

Acaricide

Acaricides are pesticides that kill members of the arachnid subclass Acari, which includes ticks and mites.

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Acephate

Acephate is an organophosphate foliar insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10–15 days at the recommended use rate.

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Aldicarb

Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide which is the active substance in the pesticide Temik.

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Aldrin

Aldrin is an organochlorine insecticide that was widely used until the 1990s, when it was banned in most countries.

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Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Ant chalk

Ant chalk, also known as Chinese chalk or 'Miraculous Insecticide Chalk', is an insecticide in the form of normal looking chalk.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Azinphos-methyl

Azinphos-methyl (Guthion) (also spelled azinophos-methyl) is a broad spectrum organophosphate insecticide manufactured by Bayer CropScience, Gowan Co., and Makhteshim Agan.

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Baden-Württemberg

Baden-Württemberg is a state in southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the border with France.

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Bayer

Bayer AG is a German multinational, pharmaceutical and life sciences company.

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Baygon

Baygon is a pesticide brand produced by S. C. Johnson & Son.

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Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their role in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the European honey bee, for producing honey and beeswax.

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Beehive

A beehive is an enclosed structure man-made in which some honey bee species of the subgenus Apis live and raise their young.

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Bees and toxic chemicals

Bees can suffer serious effects from toxic chemicals in their environments.

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Carbamate

A carbamate is an organic compound derived from carbamic acid (NH2COOH).

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Carbaryl

Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide.

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Carbofuran

Carbofuran is one of the most toxic carbamate pesticides.

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Chlorpyrifos

Chlorpyrifos (CPS), sold under many brandnames, is an organophosphate pesticide used to kill a number of pests including insects and worms.

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Clothianidin

Clothianidin is an insecticide developed by Takeda Chemical Industries and Bayer AG.

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Cockroach

Cockroaches are insects of the order Blattodea, which also includes termites. About 30 cockroach species out of 4,600 are associated with human habitats. About four species are well known as pests. The cockroaches are an ancient group, dating back at least as far as the Carboniferous period, some 320 million years ago. Those early ancestors however lacked the internal ovipositors of modern roaches. Cockroaches are somewhat generalized insects without special adaptations like the sucking mouthparts of aphids and other true bugs; they have chewing mouthparts and are likely among the most primitive of living neopteran insects. They are common and hardy insects, and can tolerate a wide range of environments from Arctic cold to tropical heat. Tropical cockroaches are often much bigger than temperate species, and, contrary to popular belief, extinct cockroach relatives and 'roachoids' such as the Carboniferous Archimylacris and the Permian Apthoroblattina were not as large as the biggest modern species. Some species, such as the gregarious German cockroach, have an elaborate social structure involving common shelter, social dependence, information transfer and kin recognition. Cockroaches have appeared in human culture since classical antiquity. They are popularly depicted as dirty pests, though the great majority of species are inoffensive and live in a wide range of habitats around the world.

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Colony collapse disorder

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is the phenomenon that occurs when the majority of worker bees in a colony disappear and leave behind a queen, plenty of food and a few nurse bees to care for the remaining immature bees.

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Congressional Research Service

The Congressional Research Service (CRS), known as Congress's think tank, is a public policy research arm of the United States Congress.

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Coumaphos

Coumaphos is a nonvolatile, fat-soluble phosphorothioate with ectoparasiticide properties: it kills insects and mites.

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Cypermethrin

Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes.

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Demeton

Demeton was a phosphorothioate insecticide with the chemical formula C8H19O3PS2.

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Demeton-S-methyl

Demeton-S-methyl is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H15O3PS2.

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Diazinon

Diazinon (IUPAC name: O,O-Diethyl O- phosphorothioate, INN - Dimpylate), a colorless to dark brown liquid, is a thiophosphoric acid ester developed in 1952 by Ciba-Geigy, a Swiss chemical company (later Novartis and then Syngenta).

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Dichlorvos

Dichlorvos or 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (commonly abbreviated as an DDVP) is an organophosphate, widely used as an insecticide to control household pests, in public health, and protecting stored product from insects.

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Dicofol

Dicofol is an organochlorine pesticide that is chemically related to DDT.

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Dicrotophos

Dicrotophos is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide.

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Dieldrin

Dieldrin is an organochloride originally produced in 1948 by J. Hyman & Co, Denver, as an insecticide.

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Dimethoate

Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide and acaricide.

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Endosulfan

Endosulfan is an off-patent organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is being phased out globally.

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European Food Safety Authority

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Germany)

The Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture (Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft), abbreviated BMEL, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany.

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Fenitrothion

Fenitrothion (IUPAC name: O,O-Dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate) is a phosphorothioate (organophosphate) insecticide; cheap and widely used worldwide.

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Fensulfothion

Fensulfothion is an insecticide and nematicide.

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Fenthion

Fenthion is an organothiophosphate insecticide, avicide, and acaricide.

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Fenvalerate

Fenvalerate is an insecticide.

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Fipronil

Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole chemical family.

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Fonofos

Fonofos is an organothiophosphate insecticide primarily used on corn.

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Gaucho

A gaucho or gaúcho is a skilled horseman, reputed to be brave and unruly.

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Heptachlor

Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide.

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Herbicide

Herbicides, also commonly known as weedkillers, are chemical substances used to control unwanted plants.

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Hexachlorocyclohexane

Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) is any of several polyhalogenated organic compounds consisting of a six-carbon ring with one chlorine and one hydrogen attached to each carbon.

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Hexachlorocyclopentadiene

Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, also known as C-56, is an organochlorine compound that is a precursor to several pesticides.

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Imidacloprid

Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide that acts as an insect neurotoxin and belongs to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects.

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Imidacloprid effects on bees

Imidacloprid is a nicotine-derived systemic insecticide, belonging to a group of pesticides called neonicotinoids.

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International Organization for Standardization

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.

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Larva

A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.

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Lindane

Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCCH), gammaxene, Gammallin and sometimes incorrectly called benzene hexachloride (BHC), is an organochlorine chemical variant of hexachlorocyclohexane that has been used both as an agricultural insecticide and as a pharmaceutical treatment for lice and scabies.

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List of endangered arthropods

As of July 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 616 endangered arthropod species.

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List of Schedule 2 substances (CWC)

Schedule 2 substances, in the sense of the Chemical Weapons Convention, are chemicals that can either be used as chemical weapons themselves or used in the manufacture of chemical weapons but that have small-scale applications outside of chemical warfare and so can be legitimately manufactured in small quantities.

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Malathion

Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide which acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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Methamidophos

Methamidophos, trade name "Monitor," is an organophosphate insecticide.

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Methidathion

Methidathion is an organophosphate insecticide; its use is banned in the European Union and USA.

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Methiocarb

Methiocarb is a carbamate pesticide which is used as a bird repellent, insecticide, acaricide and molluscicide since the 1960s.

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Methomyl

Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide introduced in 1966.

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Methoxychlor

Methoxychlor was a synthetic organochlorine used as an insecticide.

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Metrifonate

Metrifonate (INN) or trichlorfon (USAN) is an irreversible organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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Mevinphos

Mevinphos is an organophosphate insecticide that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to control insects in a wide range of crops.

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Mexacarbate

Mexacarbate is a carbamate pesticide developed by Alexander Shulgin and marketed in 1961 by Dow Chemical Company under the trade name Zectran.

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Mid-Atlantic Apiculture Research and Extension Consortium

The Mid-Atlantic Apiculture Research and Extension Consortium (MAAREC), established in 1997, is a regional group focused on addressing the pest management crisis facing the beekeeping industry in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Mole cricket

Mole crickets are members of the insect family Gryllotalpidae, in the order Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets).

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Monocrotophos

Monocrotophos is an organophosphate insecticide.

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Naled

Naled (Dibrom) is an organophosphate insecticide.

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Neonicotinoid

Neonicotinoids (sometimes shortened to neonics) are a class of neuro-active insecticides chemically similar to nicotine.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor proteins that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

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North Dakota State University

North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, more commonly known as North Dakota State University (NDSU), is a public research university that sits on a 258-acre campus (~1 km2) in Fargo, North Dakota, U.S. The institution was founded as North Dakota Agricultural College in 1890 as the research land-grant institution for the state of North Dakota.

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Omethoate

Omethoate (C5H12NO4PS) is a systemic organophosphorous insecticide and acaricide available as a soluble concentrate.

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Organophosphate

Organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure O.

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Oxydemeton-methyl

Oxydemeton-methyl is an organothiophosphate insecticide.

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Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Parathion

Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion and locally known as "Folidol", is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide.

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Permethrin

Permethrin, sold under the brand name Nix among others, is a medication and insecticide.

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Persistent organic pollutant

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes.

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Pest Management Regulatory Agency

The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) is the Canadian government agency responsible for the regulation of pest control products in Canada under the federal authority of the Pest Control Products Act and Regulations, which came into force on June 28, 2006.

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Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.

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Pesticide misuse

Under United States laws, pesticide misuse is the use of a pesticide in a way that violates laws regulating their use or endangers humans or the environment; many of these regulations are laid out in the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Phorate

Phorate is an organophosphate used as an insecticide and acaricide.

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Phosmet

Phosmet is a phthalimide-derived, non-systemic, organophosphate insecticide used on plants and animals.

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Phosphamidon

Phosphamidon is an organophosphate insecticide first reported in 1960.

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Pirimicarb

Pirimicarb is a selective carbamate insecticide used to control aphids on vegetable, cereal and orchard crops by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity but does not affect useful predators such as ladybirds that eat them.

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Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.

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Pollinator decline

The term pollinator decline refers to the reduction in abundance of insect and other animal pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide beginning at the end of the 20th century, and continuing into the present.

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Propoxur

Propoxur (Baygon) is a carbamate insecticide and was introduced in 1959.

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Pyrazophos

Pyrazophos is an organic compound used as a fungicide and an insecticide.

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Pyrethroid

A pyrethroid is an organic compound similar to the natural pyrethrins produced by the flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum).

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Queen bee

The term "queen bee" is typically used to refer to an adult, mated female that lives in a honey bee colony or hive; she is usually the mother of most, if not all, of the bees in the beehive.

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Raid (insecticide)

Raid is the brand name of a line of insecticide products produced by S. C. Johnson & Son, first launched in 1956.

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Rapeseed

Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as rape, oilseed rape, (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed.

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Resmethrin

Resmethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with many uses, including control of the adult mosquito population.

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Small hive beetle

The small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) is a beekeeping pest.

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Sulfoxaflor

Sulfoxaflor is a systemic insecticide which acts as an insect neurotoxin and is a member a class of chemicals called sulfoximines which act on the central nervous system of insects.

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Sweet corn

Sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa; also called sugar corn and pole corn) is a cereal with a high sugar content.

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Syngenta

Syngenta AG is a global company agribusiness that produces agrochemicals and seeds.

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Tetrachlorvinphos

Tetrachlorvinphos is an organophosphate insecticide used to kill fleas and ticks.

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Thiamethoxam

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide in the class of neonicotinoids.

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Toxicity class

Toxicity class refers to a classification system for pesticides that has been created by a national or international government-related or -sponsored organization.

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United Nations Environment Programme

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is an agency of United Nations and coordinates its environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices.

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United States Environmental Protection Agency

The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.

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University of Florida

The University of Florida (commonly referred to as Florida or UF) is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university on a campus in Gainesville, Florida.

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University of Nebraska–Lincoln

The University of Nebraska–Lincoln, often referred to as Nebraska, UNL or NU, is a public research university in the city of Lincoln, in the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States.

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Varroa destructor

Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) is an external parasitic mite that attacks the honey bees Apis cerana and Apis mellifera.

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Washington (state)

Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (usually called 2,4-D) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H6Cl2O3.

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Pesticide (toxic to bees).

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide_toxicity_to_bees

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