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153 relations: Abraham Pineo Gesner, Al-Andalus, Al-Masudi, Alberta, Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam, Alembic, Alsace, Ancient Egypt, Anhydrite, Antar (company), Ardericca in Susiana, Asphalt, Asphalt volcano, Asphalto, California, Athabasca oil sands, Azerbaijan, Babylon, Babylonia, Baghdad, Baku, Benjamin Silliman, Birch bark, Buoyancy, California, Carpinteria Tar Pits, Coal Oil Point seep field, Cold seep, Combustibility and flammability, Common Era, Crop, Dacia, Diatomaceous earth, Diodorus Siculus, Distillation, Dorrance Publishing Company, Drainage basin, Dream Pool Essays, Dutch East Indies, Edwin Drake, Elizabeth of Russia, Encyclopædia Britannica, Euphrates, First Nations, Fracture (geology), Galicia (Eastern Europe), Gaspar de Portolá, Geoffrey Eglinton, Geography and cartography in medieval Islam, Geology, Gilsonite, ..., Great Salt Lake, Gulf of Mexico, Helaeomyia petrolei, Herodotus, Homo sapiens, Hydrocarbon, Hydrogen sulfide, Hypersaline lake, Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Indus Valley Civilisation, Industry, Internal combustion engine, Ionian Islands, Iran, Issus (river), James Miller Williams, Jasło, Joan Crespí, Kern County, California, Kern River Oil Field, Kerogen, Kerosene, Kerosene lamp, Krosno, La Brea Tar Pits, Lake, Larva, Levant, Louis Pierre Ancillon de la Sablonnière, Louis XV of France, Marco Polo, Masjed Soleyman, McKittrick Oil Field, McKittrick Tar Pits, McKittrick, California, Mehrgarh, Merkwiller-Pechelbronn, Mesopotamia, Millennium, Mud volcano, Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi, Mummy, Native Americans in the United States, Natural gas, Neanderthal, Neuchâtel, Nova Scotia, Oil Creek (Allegheny River tributary), Oil field, Oil Springs, Ontario, Oil well, Organic-rich sedimentary rocks, Outcrop, Overburden, Paleolithic, Pehr Kalm, Persian Empire, Petroleum, Petroleum industry, Petroleum reservoir, Pitch (resin), Pitch Lake, Pittsburgh, Ploiești, Pollution, Portolá expedition, Reed boat, Roman Empire, Romania, Salim Al-Hassani, San Joaquin Valley, Santa Barbara Channel, Saudi Aramco World, Schlumberger, Shen Kuo, Song dynasty, Southern Pacific Transportation Company, Stair tread, Sulfur, Sumatra, Sumer, Syria, Tar, Tar pit, Thermal expansion, Tigris, Titusville, Pennsylvania, Tonne, Trinidad, Ukhta, Ukraine, University of Barcelona, University of California, Berkeley, Utah, Val-de-Travers, Ventura County, California, Walter Raleigh, Western Europe, Yale University, Zakynthos, Zorritos District, 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Expand index (103 more) »
Abraham Pineo Gesner
Abraham Pineo Gesner, ONB (May 2, 1797 – April 29, 1864) was a Canadian physician and geologist who invented kerosene.
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Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus (الأنْدَلُس, trans.; al-Ándalus; al-Ândalus; al-Àndalus; Berber: Andalus), also known as Muslim Spain, Muslim Iberia, or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal.
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Al-Masudi
Al-Mas‘udi (أبو الحسن علي بن الحسين بن علي المسعودي,; –956) was an Arab historian and geographer.
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Alberta
Alberta is a western province of Canada.
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Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam
Alchemy and chemistry in Islam refers to the study of both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry (the early chemical investigation of nature in general) by scholars in the medieval Islamic world.
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Alembic
An alembic is an alchemical still consisting of two vessels connected by a tube, used for distilling chemicals.
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Alsace
Alsace (Alsatian: ’s Elsass; German: Elsass; Alsatia) is a cultural and historical region in eastern France, on the west bank of the upper Rhine next to Germany and Switzerland.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River - geographically Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt, in the place that is now occupied by the countries of Egypt and Sudan.
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Anhydrite
Anhydrite is a mineral—anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4.
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Antar (company)
Antar is a former French petroleum company, founded by Pechelbronn SA in 1927 in Merkwiller-Pechelbronn, Bas-Rhin, Alsace.
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Ardericca in Susiana
Ardericca in Susiana (also spelled Arderikka) was an ancient village in Cissia mentioned by Herodotus (6.119.2).
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Asphalt
Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum.
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Asphalt volcano
An asphalt volcano is a rare type of submarine volcano (seamount) first discovered in 2003.
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Asphalto, California
Asphalto is a former settlement in Kern County, California.
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Athabasca oil sands
The Athabasca oil sands (or tar sands) are large deposits of bitumen or extremely heavy crude oil, located in northeastern Alberta, Canada – roughly centred on the boomtown of Fort McMurray.
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Azerbaijan
No description.
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Babylon
Babylon (KA2.DIĜIR.RAKI Bābili(m); Aramaic: בבל, Babel; بَابِل, Bābil; בָּבֶל, Bavel; ܒܒܠ, Bāwēl) was a key kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia from the 18th to 6th centuries BC.
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Babylonia
Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).
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Baghdad
Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq.
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Baku
Baku (Bakı) is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region, with a population of 2,374,000.
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Benjamin Silliman
Benjamin Silliman (August 8, 1779 – November 24, 1864) was an early American chemist and science educator.
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Birch bark
Birch bark or birchbark is the bark of several Eurasian and North American birch trees of the genus Betula.
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Buoyancy
In physics, buoyancy or upthrust, is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Carpinteria Tar Pits
The Carpinteria Tar Pits (also Carpinteria Oil Seeps) are a series of natural asphalt lakes situated in the southern part of Santa Barbara County in southern California.
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Coal Oil Point seep field
The Coal Oil Point seep field (COP) in the Santa Barbara Channel offshore from Goleta, California, is a marine petroleum seep area of about three square kilometres, within the Offshore South Ellwood Oil Field and stretching from the coastline southward more than.
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Cold seep
A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs, often in the form of a brine pool.
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Combustibility and flammability
Flammable materials are those that ignite more easily than other materials, whereas those that are harder to ignite or burn less vigorously are combustible.
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Common Era
Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.
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Crop
A crop is a plant or animal product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.
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Dacia
In ancient geography, especially in Roman sources, Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians.
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Diatomaceous earth
Diatomaceous earth – also known as D.E., diatomite, or kieselgur/kieselguhr – is a naturally occurring, soft, siliceous sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder.
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Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus (Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης Diodoros Sikeliotes) (1st century BC) or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian.
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Distillation
Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.
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Dorrance Publishing Company
Dorrance Publishing Company, Inc. is a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania–based self-publishing company.
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Drainage basin
A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.
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Dream Pool Essays
The Dream Pool Essays or Dream Torrent Essays (Pinyin: Mèng Xī Bǐ Tán; Wade-Giles: Meng⁴ Hsi¹ Pi³-t'an²; Chinese: 夢溪筆談／梦溪笔谈) was an extensive book written by the Han Chinese polymath, genius, scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095) by 1088 AD, during the Song dynasty (960-1279) of China.
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Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.
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Edwin Drake
Edwin Laurentine Drake (March 29, 1819 – November 9, 1880), also known as Colonel Drake, was an American businessman and the first American to successfully drill for oil.
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Elizabeth of Russia
Elizabeth Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́та) Петро́вна) (–), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Euphrates
The Euphrates (Sumerian: Buranuna; 𒌓𒄒𒉣 Purattu; الفرات al-Furāt; ̇ܦܪܬ Pǝrāt; Եփրատ: Yeprat; פרת Perat; Fırat; Firat) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
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First Nations
In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.
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Fracture (geology)
A fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides the rock into two or more pieces.
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Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Galicia (Ukrainian and Галичина, Halyčyna; Galicja; Czech and Halič; Galizien; Galícia/Kaliz/Gácsország/Halics; Galiția/Halici; Галиция, Galicija; גאַליציע Galitsiye) is a historical and geographic region in Central Europe once a small Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia and later a crown land of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, that straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine.
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Gaspar de Portolá
Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira (1716–1786) was a Spanish soldier and administrator in New Spain.
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Geoffrey Eglinton
Geoffrey Eglinton, FRS (1 November 1927 – 11 March 2016) was a British chemist and emeritus professor and senior research fellow in earth sciences at the University of Bristol.
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Geography and cartography in medieval Islam
Medieval Islamic geography was based on Hellenistic geography and reached its apex with Muhammad al-Idrisi in the 12th century.
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Geology
Geology (from the Ancient Greek γῆ, gē, i.e. "earth" and -λoγία, -logia, i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
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Gilsonite
Gilsonite, also known as "uintahite", "asphaltum" or asphaltite, is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon, a form of asphalt (or bitumen) with a relatively high melting temperature.
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Great Salt Lake
The Great Salt Lake, located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Utah, is the largest salt water lake in the Western Hemisphere, and the eighth-largest terminal lake in the world.
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.
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Helaeomyia petrolei
The petroleum fly, Helaeomyia petrolei, is a species of fly from California, USA.
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Herodotus
Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος, Hêródotos) was a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (484– 425 BC), a contemporary of Thucydides, Socrates, and Euripides.
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Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.
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Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
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Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2S.
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Hypersaline lake
A hypersaline lake is a landlocked body of water that contains significant concentrations of sodium chloride or other salts, with saline levels surpassing that of ocean water (3.5%, i.e.). Specific microbial and crustacean species thrive in these high salinity environments that are inhospitable to most lifeforms.
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Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist.
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Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (5500–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
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Industry
Industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy.
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Internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.
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Ionian Islands
The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ιόνια νησιά, Ionia nisia; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: Ἰόνιοι Νῆσοι, Ionioi Nēsoi; Isole Ionie) are a group of islands in Greece.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Issus (river)
Issus, a river in Cilicia, Asia Minor, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius in 333 BC.
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James Miller Williams
James Miller Williams (September 14, 1818 – November 25, 1890) was an American businessman and politician.
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Jasło
Jasło is a county town in south-eastern Poland with 36,641 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2012.
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Joan Crespí
Joan Crespí or Juan Crespí (March 1, 1721 – January 1, 1782) was a Franciscan missionary and explorer of Las Californias.
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Kern County, California
Kern County is a county in the U.S. state of California.
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Kern River Oil Field
The Kern River Oil Field is a large oil field in Kern County in the San Joaquin Valley of California, north-northeast of Bakersfield in the lower Sierra foothills.
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Kerogen
Kerogen is a solid organic matter in sedimentary rocks.
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Kerosene
Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.
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Kerosene lamp
A kerosene lamp (also known as a paraffin lamp in some countries) is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene (paraffin) as a fuel.
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Krosno
Krosno (in full The Royal Free City of Krosno, Królewskie Wolne Miasto Krosno) is a town and county in Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland with 47,140 inhabitants (Metro: 115,617), as of 30 June 2014.
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La Brea Tar Pits
The La Brea Tar Pits are a group of tar pits around which Hancock Park was formed in urban Los Angeles.
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Lake
A lake is an area filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake.
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Larva
A larva (plural: larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults.
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Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Louis Pierre Ancillon de la Sablonnière
In 1745 Louis Pierre Ancillon de la Sablonnière established the Pechelbronn bitumen mine at Merkwiller-Pechelbronn, Bas-Rhin, Alsace.
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Louis XV of France
Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774.
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Marco Polo
Marco Polo (1254January 8–9, 1324) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice.
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Masjed Soleyman
Masjed Soleyman (مسجدسليمان, Lurish: مسسلیموو Mas-seleymoo; also Romanized as Masjed Soleymān, Masjed-e Soleymān, Masjed Soleiman, and Masjid-i-Sulaiman) is a city and capital of Masjed Soleyman County, Khuzestan Province, Iran.
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McKittrick Oil Field
The McKittrick Oil Field is a large oil and gas field in western Kern County, California.
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McKittrick Tar Pits
The McKittrick Tar Pits (also McKittrick Oil Seeps and McKittrick Brea Pits) are a series of natural asphalt lakes situated in the western part of Kern County in southern California.
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McKittrick, California
McKittrick is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States.
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Mehrgarh
Mehrgarh (Balochi: Mehrgaŕh; مهرګړ; مہرگڑھ), sometimes anglicized as Mehergarh or Mehrgar, is a Neolithic (7000 BCE to c. 2500/2000 BCE) site located near the Bolan Pass on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan, to the west of the Indus River valley.
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Merkwiller-Pechelbronn
Merkwiller-Pechelbronn is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Millennium
A millennium (plural millennia or, rarely, millenniums) is a period equal to 1000 years, also called kiloyears.
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Mud volcano
A mud volcano or mud dome is a landform created by the eruption of mud or slurries, water and gases.
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Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyyā al-Rāzī (Abūbakr Mohammad-e Zakariyyā-ye Rāzī, also known by his Latinized name Rhazes or Rasis) (854–925 CE), was a Persian polymath, physician, alchemist, philosopher, and important figure in the history of medicine.
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Mummy
A mummy is a deceased human or an animal whose skin and organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay further if kept in cool and dry conditions.
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Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.
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Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.
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Neanderthal
Neanderthals (also; also Neanderthal Man, taxonomically Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived in Eurasia during at least 430,000 to 38,000 years ago.
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Neuchâtel
Neuchâtel, or Neuchatel; (neu(f) "new" and chatel "castle" (château); Neuenburg; Neuchâtel; Neuchâtel or Neufchâtel)The city was also called Neuchâtel-outre-Joux (Neuchâtel beyond Joux) to distinguish it from another Neuchâtel in Burgundy, now Neuchâtel-Urtière.
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Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada.
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Oil Creek (Allegheny River tributary)
Oil Creek is a tributary of the Allegheny River in Venango and Crawford counties in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.
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Oil field
An "oil field" or "oilfield" is a region with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum (crude oil) from below ground.
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Oil Springs, Ontario
Oil Springs is a village in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada, located along Former Provincial Highway 21 south of Oil City.
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Oil well
An oil well is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface.
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Organic-rich sedimentary rocks
Organic-rich sedimentary rocks are a specific type of sedimentary rock that contains significant amounts (>3%) of organic carbon.
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Outcrop
An outcrop or rocky outcrop is a visible exposure of bedrock or ancient superficial deposits on the surface of the Earth.
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Overburden
In mining, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area that lends itself to economical exploitation, such as the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body.
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Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.
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Pehr Kalm
Pehr Kalm (6 March 1716 – 16 November 1779) (in Finland also known as Pietari Kalm and in some English-language translations as Peter Kalm) was a Finnish explorer, botanist, naturalist, and agricultural economist.
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Persian Empire
The Persian Empire (شاهنشاهی ایران, translit., lit. 'Imperial Iran') refers to any of a series of imperial dynasties that were centred in Persia/Iran from the 6th-century-BC Achaemenid Empire era to the 20th century AD in the Qajar dynasty era.
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Petroleum
Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.
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Petroleum industry
The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products.
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Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.
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Pitch (resin)
Pitch is a name for any of a number of viscoelastic polymers.
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Pitch Lake
The Pitch Lake is one of the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world, estimated to contain 10 million tons.
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Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County.
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Ploiești
Ploiești (older spelling: Ploești) is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania.
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Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.
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Portolá expedition
Point of San Francisco Bay Discovery The Portolá expedition was the first recorded Spanish (or any European) land entry and exploration of the present-day state of California, in 1769–1770, that led to the founding of Alta California.
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Reed boat
Reed boats and rafts, along with dugout canoes and other rafts, are among the oldest known types of boats.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Salim Al-Hassani
Salim T. S. Al-Hassani is Emeritus Professor of Mechanical Engineering and currently an Honorary Professorial Fellow at the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Manchester.
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San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies south of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the San Joaquin River.
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Santa Barbara Channel
The Santa Barbara Channel is a portion of the Pacific Ocean which separates the mainland of California from the northern Channel Islands.
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Saudi Aramco World
Aramco World (formerly Saudi Aramco World) is a bi-monthly magazine published by Aramco Services Company, U.S.-based subsidiary of Saudi Aramco, the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Schlumberger
Schlumberger Limited is the world's largest oilfield services company.
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Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (1031–1095), courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544.
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Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.
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Southern Pacific Transportation Company
The Southern Pacific (or Espee from the railroad initials- SP) was an American Class I railroad network that existed from 1865 to 1998 that operated in the Western United States.
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Stair tread
A stair tread is the horizontal portion of a set of stairs on which a person walks.
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Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Sumatra
Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.
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Sumer
SumerThe name is from Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian en-ĝir15, approximately "land of the civilized kings" or "native land".
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Tar
Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation.
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Tar pit
A tar pit, or more accurately an asphalt pit or asphalt lake, is the result of a type of petroleum seep where subterranean bitumen leaks to the surface, creating a large area of natural asphalt.
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Thermal expansion
Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in shape, area, and volume in response to a change in temperature.
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Tigris
Batman River The Tigris (Sumerian: Idigna or Idigina; Akkadian: 𒁇𒄘𒃼; دجلة Dijlah; ܕܹܩܠܵܬ.; Տիգրիս Tigris; Դգլաթ Dglatʿ;, biblical Hiddekel) is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates.
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Titusville, Pennsylvania
Titusville is a city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States.
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Tonne
The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.
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Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago.
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Ukhta
Ukhta (Ухта́; Уква, Ukva) is an important industrial town in the Komi Republic of Russia.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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University of Barcelona
The University of Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona, UB;; Universidad de Barcelona) is a public university located in the city of Barcelona, Catalonia in Spain.
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University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public research university in Berkeley, California.
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Utah
Utah is a state in the western United States.
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Val-de-Travers
Val-de-Travers is a municipality in the district of Val-de-Travers in the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.
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Ventura County, California
Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of California.
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Walter Raleigh
Sir Walter Raleigh (or; circa 155429 October 1618) was an English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy and explorer.
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Western Europe
Western Europe is the region comprising the western part of Europe.
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Yale University
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
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Zakynthos
Zakynthos (Ζάκυνθος, Zákynthos, Zacìnto) or Zante (Τζάντε, Tzánte, Zante; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.
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Zorritos District
Zorritos District is one of the three districts of the province Contralmirante Villar in Peru.
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1969 Santa Barbara oil spill
The Santa Barbara oil spill occurred in January and February 1969 in the Santa Barbara Channel, near the city of Santa Barbara in Southern California.
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1971 San Fernando earthquake
The 1971 San Fernando earthquake (also known as the Sylmar earthquake) occurred in the early morning of February 9 in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains in southern California.
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Redirects here:
Natural oil seepage, Natural oil spill, Oil seep, Seeps.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum_seep
