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Pharming (genetics)

Index Pharming (genetics)

Pharming, a portmanteau of "farming" and "pharmaceutical", refers to the use of genetic engineering to insert genes that code for useful pharmaceuticals into host animals or plants that would otherwise not express those genes, thus creating a genetically modified organism (GMO). [1]

154 relations: Active ingredient, Activism, Alfalfa, Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International, Allergen, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, Alpha-galactosidase, American City Business Journals, American Red Cross, Anheuser-Busch, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Anthrax, Antibody, Anticoagulant, Antithrombin, Aprotinin, Arabidopsis thaliana, ATryn, Bacteria, Beta-Carotene, Biodiversity, Biolex, Biopharmaceutical, Bioreactor, Bioremediation, Biosimilar, Biotechnology, Blood product, Bubonic plague, C1-inhibitor, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Cell culture, Chloroplast, Cholera, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Collagen, Crop, Cystic fibrosis, Cytokine, Disease, Docetaxel, Docosahexaenoic acid, Dolly (sheep), Dow AgroSciences, Dow Chemical Company, Doxorubicin, Drought tolerance, Ebola virus disease, Elastin, Escherichia coli, ..., European Cooperation in Science and Technology, European Medicines Agency, Fabry disease, Fibrinogen, Flax, Food chain, Fraunhofer Society, Gastric lipase, Gastroenteritis, Gaucher's disease, Gene, Gene flow, Genentech, Genetic engineering, Genetically modified maize, Genetically modified organism, Genzyme, Glycosylation, Goat, Golden rice, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Growth factor, Health, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hormone, Human serum albumin, Influenza vaccine, Ingestion, Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor, Intercellular adhesion molecule, Interferon, International Center for Technology Assessment, Internet, Lactoferrin, Lemna, Lemna minor, Library of Parliament, Lipase, Lysosomal lipase, Lysozyme, Maize, Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc., Medication, Michael Quinion, Microorganism, Model organism, Monsanto, Moss, Nature Biotechnology, Newcastle disease, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Paclitaxel, Papillomaviridae, Parliament of Canada, Parvovirus, Pathogen, Pesticide resistance, Pharmacology, Physcomitrella patens, Physiology, Plant, Pollination, Polly and Molly, Portmanteau, Potato, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Protein, Protein purification, Protein–protein interaction, Ralf Reski, Receptor (biochemistry), Recombinant DNA, Rice, Safflower, San Diego, Science (journal), SemBioSys Genetics, Serum albumin, Sheep milk, Sigma-Aldrich, Streptococcus mutans, Supply and demand, Supreme Court of the United States, Syngenta, Synthon (company), Taliglucerase alfa, Tanox, Taxane, Tobacco, Tobacco mosaic virus, Tooth decay, Trastuzumab, Trends (journals), Trypsin, United States Department of Agriculture, Vaccine, Ventria Bioscience, Veterinary medicine, World Health Organization, Yeast, ZMapp. Expand index (104 more) »

Active ingredient

An active ingredient (AI) is the ingredient in a pharmaceutical drug that is biologically active.

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Activism

Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.

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Alfalfa

Alfalfa, Medicago sativa also called lucerne, is a perennial flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae cultivated as an important forage crop in many countries around the world.

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Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International

Alice Corp.

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Allergen

An allergen is a type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response in which the immune system fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body.

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin

Alpha-1-antitrypsin or α1-antitrypsin (A1AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily.

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Alpha-galactosidase

Alpha-galactosidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyses the terminal alpha-galactosyl moieties from glycolipids and glycoproteins.

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American City Business Journals

"." Houston Business Journal.

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American Red Cross

The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States.

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Anheuser-Busch

Anheuser-Busch Companies, LLC is an American brewing company headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri.

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Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) is an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) responsible for protecting animal health, animal welfare, and plant health.

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Anthrax

Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Anticoagulant

Anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.

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Antithrombin

Antithrombin (AT) is a small protein molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system.

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Aprotinin

The drug aprotinin (Trasylol, previously Bayer and now Nordic Group pharmaceuticals), is a small protein bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI), or basic trypsin inhibitor of bovine pancreas, which is an antifibrinolytic molecule that inhibits trypsin and related proteolytic enzymes.

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Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana, the thale cress, mouse-ear cress or arabidopsis, is a small flowering plant native to Eurasia and Africa.

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ATryn

ATryn is the brand name of the anticoagulant antithrombin manufactured by the Massachusetts-based U.S. company rEVO Biologics (formerly known as GTC Biotherapeutics).

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Beta-Carotene

β-Carotene is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Biolex

Biolex Therapeutics was a biotechnology firm in the Research Triangle of North Carolina that was founded in 1997 and raised $190 million from investors.

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Biopharmaceutical

A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biologic(al) medical product, biological, or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources.

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Bioreactor

A bioreactor may refer to any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment.

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Bioremediation

Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants.

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Biosimilar

A biosimilar (also known as follow-on biologic or subsequent entry biologic) is a biologic medical product which is almost an identical copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Blood product

A blood product is any therapeutic substance prepared from human blood.

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Bubonic plague

Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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C1-inhibitor

C1-inhibitor (C1-inh, C1 esterase inhibitor) is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily.

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Canadian Food Inspection Agency

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is a regulatory agency that is dedicated to the safeguarding of food, animals, and plants, which enhance the health and well-being of Canada's people, environment and economy.

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Cell culture

Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside their natural environment.

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Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.

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Collagen

Collagen is the main structural protein in the extracellular space in the various connective tissues in animal bodies.

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Crop

A crop is a plant or animal product that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence.

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Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.

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Cytokine

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Docetaxel

Docetaxel (DTX), sold under the brand name Taxotere among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.

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Docosahexaenoic acid

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina.

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Dolly (sheep)

Dolly (5 July 1996 – 14 February 2003) was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer.

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Dow AgroSciences

Dow AgroSciences LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Dow Chemical Company specializing in not only agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, but also seeds and biotechnology solutions.

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Dow Chemical Company

The Dow Chemical Company, commonly referred to as Dow, is an American multinational chemical corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, United States, and the predecessor of the merged company DowDuPont.

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Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin, sold under the trade names Adriamycin among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat cancer.

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Drought tolerance

Drought tolerance is the degree to which a plant is adapted to arid or drought conditions.

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Ebola virus disease

Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by ebolaviruses.

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Elastin

Elastin is a highly elastic protein in connective tissue and allows many tissues in the body to resume their shape after stretching or contracting.

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Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).

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European Cooperation in Science and Technology

European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) is Europe's longest-running intergovernmental framework for cooperation in science and technology.

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European Medicines Agency

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a European Union agency for the evaluation of medicinal products.

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Fabry disease

Fabry disease is a rare genetic disease.

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Fibrinogen

Fibrinogen (factor I) is a glycoprotein that in vertebrates circulates in the blood.

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Flax

Flax (Linum usitatissimum), also known as common flax or linseed, is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae.

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Food chain

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).

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Fraunhofer Society

The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., "Fraunhofer Society for the Advancement of Applied Research") is a German research organization with 69institutes spread throughout Germany, each focusing on different fields of applied science (as opposed to the Max Planck Society, which works primarily on basic science).

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Gastric lipase

Gastric lipase, also known as LIPF, is an enzymatic protein that, in humans, is encoded by the LIPF gene.

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Gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis, also known as infectious diarrhea, is inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract -- the stomach and small intestine.

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Gaucher's disease

Gaucher's disease or Gaucher disease (GD) is a genetic disorder in which glucocerebroside (a sphingolipid, also known as glucosylceramide) accumulates in cells and certain organs.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gene flow

In population genetics, gene flow (also known as gene migration or allele flow) is the transfer of genetic variation from one population to another.

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Genentech

Genentech, Inc., is a biotechnology corporation which became a subsidiary of Roche in 2009.

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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Genetically modified maize

Genetically modified maize (corn) is a genetically modified crop.

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Genetically modified organism

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques (i.e., a genetically engineered organism).

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Genzyme

Sanofi Genzyme is an American biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Glycosylation

Glycosylation (see also chemical glycosylation) is the reaction in which a carbohydrate, i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor).

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Golden rice

"cultivar"/"strain".

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Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF or GCSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF 3), is a glycoprotein that stimulates the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and stem cells and release them into the bloodstream.

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Growth factor

A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.

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Health

Health is the ability of a biological system to acquire, convert, allocate, distribute, and utilize energy with maximum efficiency.

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Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver.

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.

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Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

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Human serum albumin

Human serum albumin is the serum albumin found in human blood.

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Influenza vaccine

Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots or flu jabs, are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses.

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Ingestion

Ingestion is the consumption of a substance by an organism.

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Insulin

Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.

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Insulin-like growth factor

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are proteins with high sequence similarity to insulin.

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Intercellular adhesion molecule

In molecular biology, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily.

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Interferon

Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells.

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International Center for Technology Assessment

The International Center for Technology Assessment (ICTA) is a U.S. non-profit bi-partisan organization, based in Washington, D.C..

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Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

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Lactoferrin

Lactoferrin (LF), also known as lactotransferrin (LTF), is a multifunctional protein of the transferrin family.

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Lemna

Lemna is a genus of free-floating aquatic plants from the duckweed family.

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Lemna minor

Lemna minor, the common duckweed or lesser duckweed, is an aquatic freshwater plant of the genus Lemna.

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Library of Parliament

The Library of Parliament (Bibliothèque du Parlement) is the main information repository and research resource for the Parliament of Canada.

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Lipase

A lipase is any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fats (lipids).

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Lysosomal lipase

Lysosomal lipase is a form of lipase which functions intracellularly, in the lysosomes.

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Lysozyme

Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Mapp Biopharmaceutical

Mapp Biopharmaceutical is an American pharmaceutical company based in San Diego, California.

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Mayo Collaborative Services v. Prometheus Laboratories, Inc.

Mayo v. Prometheus, 566 U.S. 66 (2012),.

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Medication

A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

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Michael Quinion

Michael Quinion (born c. 1943) is a British etymologist and writer.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Model organism

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

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Monsanto

Monsanto Company was an agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation.

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Moss

Mosses are small flowerless plants that typically grow in dense green clumps or mats, often in damp or shady locations.

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Nature Biotechnology

Nature Biotechnology is a peer reviewed scientific journal published monthly by the Nature Publishing Group.

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Newcastle disease

Newcastle disease is a contagious viral bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species; it is transmissible to humans.

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas.

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Paclitaxel

Paclitaxel (PTX), sold under the brand name Taxol among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer.

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Papillomaviridae

Papillomaviridae is an ancient taxonomic family of non-enveloped DNA viruses, collectively known as papillomaviruses.

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Parliament of Canada

The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada) is the federal legislature of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, the national capital.

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Parvovirus

Parvovirus is the common name applied to all the viruses in the Parvoviridae taxonomic family.

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Pathogen

In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.

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Pesticide resistance

Pesticide resistance describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest.

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Pharmacology

Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).

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Physcomitrella patens

Physcomitrella patens, the spreading earthmoss, is a moss (bryophyte) used as a model organism for studies on plant evolution, development, and physiology.

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Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions, which work within a living system.

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Plant

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

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Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant to a female part of a plant, enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by wind.

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Polly and Molly

Polly and Molly (born 1997), two ewes, were the first mammals to have been successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell and to be transgenic animals at the same time.

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Portmanteau

A portmanteau or portmanteau word is a linguistic blend of words,, p. 644 in which parts of multiple words or their phones (sounds) are combined into a new word, as in smog, coined by blending smoke and fog, or motel, from motor and hotel.

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Potato

The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.

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Protease inhibitor (pharmacology)

Protease inhibitors (PIs) are a class of antiviral drugs that are widely used to treat HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C. Protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Protein purification

Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms.

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Protein–protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by electrostatic forces including the hydrophobic effect.

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Ralf Reski

Ralf Reski (born 18 November 1958 in Gelsenkirchen) is a German Professor of Plant Biotechnology and former Dean of the Faculty of Biology of the University of Freiburg.

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Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.

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Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Safflower

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual plant.

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San Diego

San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a major city in California, United States.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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SemBioSys Genetics

SemBioSys Genetics Inc. was a development stage agricultural biotechnology company.

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Serum albumin

Serum albumin, often referred to simply as blood albumin, is an albumin (a type of globular protein) found in vertebrate blood.

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Sheep milk

Sheep's milk (or ewes' milk) is the milk of domestic sheep.

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Sigma-Aldrich

Sigma-Aldrich Corporation is an American chemical, life science and biotechnology company owned by Merck KGaA.

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Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus (round bacterium) commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.

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Supply and demand

In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.

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Syngenta

Syngenta AG is a global company agribusiness that produces agrochemicals and seeds.

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Synthon (company)

Synthon is a Dutch multinational that produces generic human drugs.

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Taliglucerase alfa

Taliglucerase alfa, commercially known as Elelyso, is a biopharmaceutical drug developed by Protalix and Pfizer.

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Tanox

Tanox was a biopharmaceutical company based in Houston, Texas.

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Taxane

Taxanes are a class of diterpenes.

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Tobacco

Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.

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Tobacco mosaic virus

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-sense single stranded RNA virus, genus tobamovirus that infects a wide range of plants, especially tobacco and other members of the family Solanaceae.

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Tooth decay

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.

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Trastuzumab

Trastuzumab, sold under the brand name Herceptin among others, is a monoclonal antibody used to treat breast cancer.

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Trends (journals)

Trends is a series of scientific journals owned by Elsevier that publish review articles in a range of areas of biology.

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Trypsin

Trypsin is a serine protease from the PA clan superfamily, found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyzes proteins.

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United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), also known as the Agriculture Department, is the U.S. federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, and food.

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Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

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Ventria Bioscience

Ventria Bioscience is a biotech company with a focus on human nutrition and human therapeutics.

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Veterinary medicine

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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Yeast

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

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ZMapp

ZMapp is an experimental biopharmaceutical drug comprising three chimeric monoclonal antibodies under development as a treatment for Ebola virus disease.

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Redirects here:

Biopharming, Gene pharming, Molecular farming, Pharm animal, Plant Made Pharmaceuticals, Plant-made pharmaceuticals.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharming_(genetics)

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