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Philosophy of perception

Index Philosophy of perception

The philosophy of perception is concerned with the nature of perceptual experience and the status of perceptual data, in particular how they relate to beliefs about, or knowledge of, the world. [1]

85 relations: Alfred North Whitehead, Alva Noë, Anil Gupta (philosopher), Anomalous experiences, Anti-realism, Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, Argument from illusion, Arthur Schopenhauer, Ayatana, B. F. Skinner, Behaviorism, Belief, Binding problem, Binocular rivalry, Cambridge University Press, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Cochlea, Cognition, Cognitive psychology, Cognitivism (psychology), Consciousness, David Hume, Direct and indirect realism, Enactivism, Epiphenomenalism, Epistemology, Externalism, Figure–ground (perception), Fiona Macpherson, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, George Berkeley, Gestalt psychology, Ghost in the machine, Gilbert Ryle, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Hallucination, Human eye, Ibn al-Haytham, Idealism, Immanuel Kant, Information processing, Internalism and externalism, Johann Ge Moll, John B. Watson, John Locke, John McDowell, Knowledge, Lateral geniculate nucleus, Louise Richardson, Map–territory relation, ..., Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Mental image, Mental representation, Metaphysics, Minkowski space, Multistable perception, Naïve realism, Nader El-Bizri, Nicolas Malebranche, Ontology, Perception, Perspective (graphical), Phenomenalism, Philosophical realism, Philosophical skepticism, Postmodernism, Proprioception, Qualia, Retina, Retinotopy, Roderick Chisholm, Scottish common sense realism, Sense, Sense data, Sensorium, Sound, Subjective character of experience, Subjective idealism, Susanna Schellenberg, Susanna Siegel, Thomas Reid, Transcendental idealism, Visual cortex, Visual perception, Visual space. Expand index (35 more) »

Alfred North Whitehead

Alfred North Whitehead (15 February 1861 – 30 December 1947) was an English mathematician and philosopher.

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Alva Noë

Alva Noë (born 1964) is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Anil Gupta (philosopher)

Anil K. Gupta (born 1949) is an Indian-American philosopher who works primarily in logic, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and epistemology.

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Anomalous experiences

Anomalous experiences, such as so-called benign hallucinations, may occur in a person in a state of good mental and physical health, even in the apparent absence of a transient trigger factor such as fatigue, intoxication or sensory deprivation.

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Anti-realism

In analytic philosophy, anti-realism is an epistemological position first articulated by British philosopher Michael Dummett.

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Arabic Sciences and Philosophy

Arabic Sciences and Philosophy, subtitled A Historical Journal, is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press.

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Argument from illusion

The argument from illusion is an argument for the existence of sense-data.

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Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.

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Ayatana

Āyatana (Pāli; Sanskrit: आयतन) is a Buddhist term that has been translated as "sense base", "sense-media" or "sense sphere." In Buddhism, there are six internal sense bases (Pali: ajjhattikāni āyatanāni; also known as, "organs", "gates", "doors", "powers" or "roots"Pine 2004, pg. 102) and six external sense bases (bāhirāni āyatanāni or "sense objects"; also known as vishaya or "domains"Pine 2004, pg. 103).

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B. F. Skinner

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990), commonly known as B. F. Skinner, was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.

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Behaviorism

Behaviorism (or behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals.

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Belief

Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty.

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Binding problem

The binding problem is a term used at the interface between neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy of mind that has multiple meanings.

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Binocular rivalry

Binocular rivalry is a phenomenon of visual perception in which perception alternates between different images presented to each eye.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Centre national de la recherche scientifique

The French National Center for Scientific Research (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the largest governmental research organisation in France and the largest fundamental science agency in Europe.

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Cochlea

The cochlea is the part of the inner ear involved in hearing.

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Cognition

Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

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Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology is the study of mental processes such as "attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and thinking".

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Cognitivism (psychology)

In psychology, cognitivism is a theoretical framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s.

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Consciousness

Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself.

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David Hume

David Hume (born David Home; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.

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Direct and indirect realism

The question of direct or naïve realism, as opposed to indirect or representational realism, arises in the philosophy of perception and of mind out of the debate over the nature of conscious experience;Lehar, Steve.

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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment.

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Epiphenomenalism

Epiphenomenalism is a mind–body philosophy marked by the belief that basic physical events (sense organs, neural impulses, and muscle contractions) are causal with respect to mental events (thought, consciousness, and cognition).

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Epistemology

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.

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Externalism

Externalism is a group of positions in the philosophy of mind which argues that the conscious mind is not only the result of what is going on inside the nervous system (or the brain), but also what occurs or exists outside the subject.

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Figure–ground (perception)

Figure–ground organization is a type of perceptual grouping which is a vital necessity for recognizing objects through vision.

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Fiona Macpherson

Fiona Macpherson FRSE (born 19 October 1971) is Head of Philosophy and Director of Research in Philosophy in the School of Humanities at the University of Glasgow, where she is also Director of the Centre for the Study of Perceptual Experience.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.

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George Berkeley

George Berkeley (12 March 168514 January 1753) — known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne) — was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others).

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Gestalt psychology

Gestalt psychology or gestaltism (from Gestalt "shape, form") is a philosophy of mind of the Berlin School of experimental psychology.

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Ghost in the machine

The "ghost in the machine" is British philosopher Gilbert Ryle's description of René Descartes' mind-body dualism.

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Gilbert Ryle

Gilbert Ryle (19 August 1900 – 6 October 1976) was a British philosopher.

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (or; Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath and philosopher who occupies a prominent place in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy.

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Hallucination

A hallucination is a perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real perception.

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Human eye

The human eye is an organ which reacts to light and pressure.

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Ibn al-Haytham

Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized Alhazen; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was an Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age.

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Idealism

In philosophy, idealism is the group of metaphysical philosophies that assert that reality, or reality as humans can know it, is fundamentally mental, mentally constructed, or otherwise immaterial.

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.

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Information processing

Information processing is the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.

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Internalism and externalism

Internalism and externalism are two opposing ways of explaining various subjects in several areas of philosophy.

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Johann Ge Moll

Johann Ge Moll (born Timen Timev, Plovdiv, Bulgaria) nom de plume in English, (as Materius Rosencroytz, Anubis author pseudonyms in Bulgarian) is best known for concepts Desemantism - Omni-semantism introduced by him in philosophy, linguistics and semiology.

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John B. Watson

John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.

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John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".

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John McDowell

John Henry McDowell (born 7 March 1942) is a South African philosopher, formerly a fellow of University College, Oxford and now University Professor at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Knowledge

Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning.

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Lateral geniculate nucleus

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; also called the lateral geniculate body or lateral geniculate complex) is a relay center in the thalamus for the visual pathway.

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Louise Richardson

Louise Mary Richardson FRSE (born 8 June 1958) is an Irish political scientist whose specialist field is the study of terrorism.

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Map–territory relation

The map–territory relation describes the relationship between an object and a representation of that object, as in the relation between a geographical territory and a map of it.

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Maurice Merleau-Ponty

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger.

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Mental image

A mental image or mental picture is the representation in a person's mind of the physical world outside that person.

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Mental representation

A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality, or else a mental process that makes use of such a symbol: "a formal system for making explicit certain entities or types of information, together with a specification of how the system does this".

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Metaphysics

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality.

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Minkowski space

In mathematical physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) is a combining of three-dimensional Euclidean space and time into a four-dimensional manifold where the spacetime interval between any two events is independent of the inertial frame of reference in which they are recorded.

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Multistable perception

Multistable perception (or Bistable perception) are a form of perceptual phenomena in which there are unpredictable sequences of spontaneous subjective changes.

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Naïve realism

In philosophy of mind, naïve realism, also known as direct realism or common sense realism, is the idea that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are.

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Nader El-Bizri

Nader El-Bizri (نادر البزري, nādir al-bizrĩ) is a professor of philosophy and civilization studies at the American University of Beirut, where he also serves as associate dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, and as the director of the general education program.

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Nicolas Malebranche

Nicolas Malebranche, Oratory of Jesus (6 August 1638 – 13 October 1715), was a French Oratorian priest and rationalist philosopher.

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Ontology

Ontology (introduced in 1606) is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, or reality, as well as the basic categories of being and their relations.

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Perception

Perception (from the Latin perceptio) is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information, or the environment.

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Perspective (graphical)

Perspective (from perspicere "to see through") in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, generally on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye.

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Phenomenalism

Phenomenalism is the view that physical objects cannot justifiably be said to exist in themselves, but only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli (e.g. redness, hardness, softness, sweetness, etc.) situated in time and in space.

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Philosophical realism

Realism (in philosophy) about a given object is the view that this object exists in reality independently of our conceptual scheme.

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Philosophical skepticism

Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling: scepticism; from Greek σκέψις skepsis, "inquiry") is a philosophical school of thought that questions the possibility of certainty in knowledge.

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Postmodernism

Postmodernism is a broad movement that developed in the mid- to late-20th century across philosophy, the arts, architecture, and criticism and that marked a departure from modernism.

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Proprioception

Proprioception, from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own", "individual", and capio, capere, to take or grasp, is the sense of the relative position of one's own parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement.

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Qualia

In philosophy and certain models of psychology, qualia (or; singular form: quale) are defined to be individual instances of subjective, conscious experience.

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Retina

The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

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Retinotopy

Retinotopy (from Greek τόπος, place) is the mapping of visual input from the retina to neurons, particularly those neurons within the visual stream.

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Roderick Chisholm

Roderick Milton Chisholm (November 27, 1916 – January 19, 1999) was an American philosopher known for his work on epistemology, metaphysics, free will, value theory, and the philosophy of perception.

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Scottish common sense realism

Scottish Common Sense Realism, also known as the Scottish School of Common Sense, is a school of philosophy that originated in the ideas of Scottish philosophers Thomas Reid, Adam Ferguson, James Beattie, and Dugald Stewart during the 18th century Scottish Enlightenment.

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Sense

A sense is a physiological capacity of organisms that provides data for perception.

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Sense data

In the philosophy of perception, the theory of sense data was a popular view held in the early 20th century by philosophers such as Bertrand Russell, C. D. Broad, H. H. Price, A. J. Ayer, and G. E. Moore.

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Sensorium

A sensorium (/sɛnˈsɔːrɪəm/) (plural: sensoria) is the sum of an organism's perception, the "seat of sensation" where it experiences and interprets the environments within which it lives.

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Sound

In physics, sound is a vibration that typically propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.

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Subjective character of experience

The subjective character of experience is a term in psychology and the philosophy of mind denoting that all subjective phenomena are associated with a single point of view ("ego").

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Subjective idealism

Subjective idealism, or empirical idealism, is the monistic metaphysical doctrine that only minds and mental contents exist.

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Susanna Schellenberg

Susanna Schellenberg is a philosopher specializing in epistemology, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language.

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Susanna Siegel

Susanna Siegel is the Edgar Pierce Professor of Philosophy at Harvard University and well-known for her work in the philosophy of mind and epistemology, especially on perception.

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Thomas Reid

Thomas Reid DD FRSE (26 April 1710 – 7 October 1796) was a religiously-trained British philosopher, a contemporary of David Hume as well as "Hume's earliest and fiercest critic".

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Transcendental idealism

Transcendental idealism is a doctrine founded by German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the 18th century.

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Visual cortex

The visual cortex of the brain is a part of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information.

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Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum reflected by the objects in the environment.

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Visual space

Visual space is the perceptual space housing the visual world being experienced by an aware observer; it is the subjective counterpart of the space of physical objects before an observer's eyes.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_perception

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