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Photovoltaic system

Index Photovoltaic system

A photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. [1]

196 relations: Agriculture, Air pollution, Albedo, Alternating current, Ampere, Anemometer, Anti-reflective coating, Aquaculture, Balance of plant, Balance of system, Battery charger, BS 7671, Budapest, Building code, Building-integrated photovoltaics, Catalonia, Charge controller, Chiba Prefecture, Communications satellite, Concentrated solar power, Concentrator photovoltaics, Construction, Cost of electricity by source, Crystalline silicon, DC-to-DC converter, Declination, Depreciation, Diesel generator, Direct current, Distributed generation, Do it yourself, Edinburgh, Electric aircraft, Electric car, Electric current, Electric power system, Electric vehicle, Electrical code, Electrical grid, Electrical wiring, Electricity, Electricity generation, Electricity meter, Emergency power system, Energy demand management, Energy management software, Ethylene-vinyl acetate, Feed-in tariff, Fire safety, Floating solar, ..., Flow battery, Global Positioning System, Grid energy storage, Grid parity, Grid-connected photovoltaic power system, Grid-tie inverter, Growth of photovoltaics, Homeowner association, Hybrid renewable energy system, Hydrophile, Hydrophobe, IEC 60364, Independent Power Producer, Interest rate, International Electrotechnical Commission, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, Islanding, Jersey City, New Jersey, John Quiggin, Juno (spacecraft), Jupiter, Kilowatt hour, Komekurayama Solar Power Plant, Kyocera, Kythnos, Lateral mark, Lead–acid battery, LED lamp, Lens (optics), Lidar, Light, List of photovoltaic power stations, List of photovoltaics companies, List of rooftop photovoltaic installations, Lithium-ion battery, Low-power broadcasting, Maximum power point tracking, Microgeneration, Misnomer, Modular design, Molten-salt battery, National Electrical Code, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory, Net metering, Nickel–cadmium battery, Nominal power (photovoltaic), Noon, Noup Head Lighthouse, Otago Harbour, P–n junction, Pellworm, Photovoltaic mounting system, Photovoltaic power station, Photovoltaic system performance, Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector, Photovoltaics, Pico hydro, Pico-, Polyvinyl fluoride, Power inverter, Power optimizer, Power station, Pulse-width modulation, Pump, Pyranometer, Radiation, Rechargeable battery, Recreational vehicle, Renewable energy, Renewable energy credit, Renewable energy in Spain, Retrofitting, Return on investment, Rooftop photovoltaic power station, Sahara, Santuari de Lluc, Satellite, Series and parallel circuits, SketchUp, Smart grid, Smart meter, Sodium–sulfur battery, Solar cable, Solar car, Solar cell, Solar cell efficiency, Solar cell phone charger, Solar energy, Solar hybrid power systems, Solar Impulse, Solar inverter, Solar irradiance, Solar micro-inverter, Solar panel, Solar panels on spacecraft, Solar power, Solar power in Australia, Solar power in China, Solar power in France, Solar power in Germany, Solar power in Italy, Solar power in Japan, Solar power in the United Kingdom, Solar power in the United States, Solar Star, Solar street light, Solar System, Solar thermal collector, Solar thermal energy, Solar tracker, Solar tree, Solar vehicle, Solar-powered calculator, Solar-powered fan, Solar-powered watch, Space probe, Sputnik 1, Stand-alone power system, Steamboat Springs, Colorado, Street light, Sun Belt, Tesla Powerwall, The Open Solar Outdoors Test Field, Thin-film solar cell, Tokai University, Topaz Solar Farm, Toughened glass, Ultraviolet, United States, University of Michigan, Utility, Vanadium redox battery, Vanguard 1, Variable renewable energy, Voltage, VRLA battery, Waldpolenz Solar Park, Watt, Wind turbine, Windmill, Windpump, World Solar Challenge, Yurt, Zugspitze. Expand index (146 more) »

Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Air pollution

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.

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Albedo

Albedo (albedo, meaning "whiteness") is the measure of the diffuse reflection of solar radiation out of the total solar radiation received by an astronomical body (e.g. a planet like Earth).

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Alternating current

Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction.

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Ampere

The ampere (symbol: A), often shortened to "amp",SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units.

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Anemometer

An anemometer is a device used for measuring the speed of wind, and is also a common weather station instrument.

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Anti-reflective coating

An antireflective or anti-reflection (AR) coating is a type of optical coating applied to the surface of lenses and other optical elements to reduce reflection.

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Aquaculture

Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms.

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Balance of plant

Balance of plant (BOP) is a term generally used in the context of power engineering to refer to all the supporting components and auxiliary systems of a power plant needed to deliver the energy, other than the generating unit itself.

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Balance of system

The balance of system (BOS) encompasses all components of a photovoltaic system other than the photovoltaic panels.

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Battery charger

A battery charger, or recharger, is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by forcing an electric current through it.

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BS 7671

British Standard BS 7671 "Requirements for Electrical Installations.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.

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Building code

A building code (also building control or building regulations) is a set of rules that specify the standards for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures.

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Building-integrated photovoltaics

Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) are photovoltaic materials that are used to replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelope such as the roof, skylights, or facades.

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Catalonia

Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.

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Charge controller

A charge controller, charge regulator or battery regulator limits the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries.

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Chiba Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region, and the Greater Tokyo Area.

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Communications satellite

A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunications signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth.

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Concentrated solar power

Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems generate solar power by using mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area.

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Concentrator photovoltaics

Concentrator photovoltaics (CPV) (also known as Concentration Photovoltaics) is a photovoltaic technology that generates electricity from sunlight.

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Construction

Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure.

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Cost of electricity by source

In electrical power generation, the distinct ways of generating electricity incur significantly different costs.

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Crystalline silicon

Crystalline silicon (c-Si) is the crystalline forms of silicon, either multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si) consisting of small crystals, or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si), a continuous crystal.

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DC-to-DC converter

A DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit or electromechanical device that converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another.

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Declination

In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol δ) is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being hour angle.

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Depreciation

In accountancy, depreciation refers to two aspects of the same concept.

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Diesel generator

A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy.

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Direct current

Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge.

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Distributed generation

Distributed generation, also distributed energy, on-site generation (OSG) or district/decentralized energy is electrical generation and storage performed by a variety of small, grid-connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources (DER).

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Do it yourself

"Do it yourself" ("DIY") is the method of building, modifying, or repairing things without the direct aid of experts or professionals.

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Edinburgh

Edinburgh (Dùn Èideann; Edinburgh) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas.

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Electric aircraft

An electric aircraft is an aircraft powered by electric motors.

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Electric car

An electric car is a plug-in electric automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using energy typically stored in rechargeable batteries.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of electric charge.

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Electric power system

An electric power system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power.

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Electric vehicle

An electric vehicle, also called an EV, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.

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Electrical code

An electrical code is a set of regulations for the design and installation of electrical wiring in a building.

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Electrical grid

An electrical grid is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers.

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Electrical wiring

Electrical wiring is an electrical installation of cabling and associated devices such as switches, distribution boards, sockets and light fittings in a structure.

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Electricity

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge.

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Electricity generation

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.

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Electricity meter

analog electricity meter. Electricity meter with transparent plastic case (Israel) North American domestic electronic electricity meter An electricity meter, electric meter, electrical meter, or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device.

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Emergency power system

An emergency power system is an independent source of electrical power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply.

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Energy demand management

Energy demand management, also known as demand-side management (DSM) or demand-side response (DSR), is the modification of consumer demand for energy through various methods such as financial incentives and behavioral change through education.

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Energy management software

Energy Management Software (EMS) is a general term and category referring to a variety of energy-related software applications which may provide utility bill tracking, real-time metering, building HVAC and lighting control systems, building simulation and modeling, carbon and sustainability reporting, IT equipment management, demand response, and/or energy audits.

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Ethylene-vinyl acetate

Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), also known as poly (ethylene-vinyl acetate) (PEVA), is the copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate.

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Feed-in tariff

A feed-in tariff (FIT, FiT, standard offer contract, Couture, T., Cory, K., Kreycik, C., Williams, E., (2010). National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. Dept. of Energy advanced renewable tariff, or renewable energy payments) is a policy mechanism designed to accelerate investment in renewable energy technologies.

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Fire safety

Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire.

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Floating solar

This technology has had a rapid penetration on the renewable energy market and since the very beginning (see MIRARCO paper  where the first 20 plants of few tenth of kWp between 2008 and 2014 are quoted) the FPV has overcome in the 2017 the 200 MW of installed power and will be more and more important in the next future.

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Flow battery

A flow battery, or redox flow battery (after reduction–oxidation), is a type of electrochemical cell where chemical energy is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids contained within the system and separated by a membrane.

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Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Air Force.

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Grid energy storage

Grid energy storage (also called large-scale energy storage) is a collection of methods used to store electrical energy on a large scale within an electrical power grid.

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Grid parity

Grid parity (or socket parity) occurs when an alternative energy source can generate power at a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) that is less than or equal to the price of purchasing power from the electricity grid.

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Grid-connected photovoltaic power system

A grid-connected photovoltaic power system, or grid-connected PV power system is an electricity generating solar PV power system that is connected to the utility grid.

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Grid-tie inverter

A grid-tie inverter converts direct current (DC) into an alternating current (AC) suitable for injecting into an electrical power grid, normally 120V RMS at 60Hz or 240V RMS at 50 Hz.

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Growth of photovoltaics

Worldwide growth of photovoltaics has been an exponential curve between 1992–2017.

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Homeowner association

In the United States, a homeowner association (or homeowner's association, abbreviated HOA, sometimes referred to as a property owner's association or POA) is a private association formed by a real estate developer for the purpose of marketing, managing, and selling homes and lots in a residential subdivision.

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Hybrid renewable energy system

Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are becoming popular as stand-alone power systems for providing electricity in remote areas due to advances in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in prices of petroleum products.

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Hydrophile

A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.

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Hydrophobe

In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule (known as a hydrophobe) that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water.

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IEC 60364

IEC 60364 Electrical Installations for Buildings is the International Electrotechnical Commission's international standard on electrical installations of buildings.

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Independent Power Producer

An independent power producer (IPP) or non-utility generator (NUG) is an entity, which is not a public utility, but which owns facilities to generate electric power for sale to utilities and end users.

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Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed (called the principal sum).

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International Electrotechnical Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; in French: Commission électrotechnique internationale) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology".

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International Energy Agency

The International Energy Agency (IEA) (Agence internationale de l'énergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.

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International Renewable Energy Agency

The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organization to promote adoption and sustainable use of renewable energy.

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Islanding

Islanding is the condition in which a distributed generator (DG) continues to power a location even though electrical grid power is no longer present.

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Jersey City, New Jersey

Jersey City is the second-most-populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, after Newark.

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John Quiggin

John Quiggin (born 29 March 1956) is an Australian economist, a Professor at the University of Queensland.

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Juno (spacecraft)

Juno is a NASA space probe orbiting the planet Jupiter.

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Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.

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Kilowatt hour

The kilowatt hour (symbol kWh, kW⋅h or kW h) is a unit of energy equal to 3.6 megajoules.

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Komekurayama Solar Power Plant

The Komekurayama Solar Power Plant (米倉山太陽光発電所) is a 10 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power station located at Mt.

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Kyocera

() is a Japanese multinational ceramics and electronics manufacturer headquartered in Kyoto, Japan.

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Kythnos

Kythnos (Κύθνος) is a Greek island and municipality in the Western Cyclades between Kea and Serifos.

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Lateral mark

A lateral buoy, lateral post or lateral mark, as defined by the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, is a sea mark used in maritime pilotage to indicate the edge of a channel.

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Lead–acid battery

The lead–acid battery was invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté and is the oldest type of rechargeable battery.

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LED lamp

A LED lamp or LED light bulb is an electric light for use in light fixtures that produces light using light-emitting diode (LED).

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Lens (optics)

A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.

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Lidar

Lidar (also called LIDAR, LiDAR, and LADAR) is a surveying method that measures distance to a target by illuminating the target with pulsed laser light and measuring the reflected pulses with a sensor.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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List of photovoltaic power stations

The following is a list of photovoltaic power stations that are larger than 150 megawatts (MW) in current net capacity.

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List of photovoltaics companies

This is a list of notable photovoltaics (PV) companies.

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List of rooftop photovoltaic installations

This page lists large-scale rooftop photovoltaic installation projects.

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Lithium-ion battery

A lithium-ion battery or Li-ion battery (abbreviated as LIB) is a type of rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode during discharge and back when charging.

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Low-power broadcasting

Low-power broadcasting refers to a broadcast station operating at a low electrical power to a smaller service area than "full power" stations within the same region, but often distinguished from "micropower broadcasting" (more commonly "microbroadcasting") and broadcast translators.

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Maximum power point tracking

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT)) is a technique used commonly with wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) solar systems to maximize power extraction under all conditions. Although solar power is mainly covered, the principle applies generally to sources with variable power: for example, optical power transmission and thermophotovoltaics. PV solar systems exist in many different configurations with regard to their relationship to inverter systems, external grids, battery banks, or other electrical loads. Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power, though, the central problem addressed by MPPT is that the efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on both the amount of sunlight falling on the solar panels and the electrical characteristics of the load. As the amount of sunlight varies, the load characteristic that gives the highest power transfer efficiency changes, so that the efficiency of the system is optimized when the load characteristic changes to keep the power transfer at highest efficiency. This load characteristic is called the maximum power point (MPP) and MPPT is the process of finding this point and keeping the load characteristic there. Electrical circuits can be designed to present arbitrary loads to the photovoltaic cells and then convert the voltage, current, or frequency to suit other devices or systems, and MPPT solves the problem of choosing the best load to be presented to the cells in order to get the most usable power out. Solar cells have a complex relationship between temperature and total resistance that produces a non-linear output efficiency which can be analyzed based on the I-V curve. It is the purpose of the MPPT system to sample the output of the PV cells and apply the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental conditions. MPPT devices are typically integrated into an electric power converter system that provides voltage or current conversion, filtering, and regulation for driving various loads, including power grids, batteries, or motors.

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Microgeneration

Microgeneration is the small-scale generation of heat and electric power by individuals, small businesses and communities to meet their own needs, as alternatives or supplements to traditional centralized grid-connected power.

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Misnomer

A misnomer is a name or term that suggests an idea that is known to be wrong.

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Modular design

Modular design, or "modularity in design", is a design approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts called modules or skids, that can be independently created and then used in different systems.

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Molten-salt battery

Molten-salt batteries (including liquid-metal batteries) are a class of battery that uses molten salts as an electrolyte and offers both a high energy density and a high power density.

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National Electrical Code

The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the United States.

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), located in Golden, Colorado, specializes in renewable energy and energy efficiency research and development.

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Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory

Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory is the term used by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration to identify third-party organizations that have the necessary qualifications to perform safety testing and certification of products covered within OSHA and each organization's scopes.

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Net metering

Net metering (or net energy metering, NEM) allows consumers who generate some or all of their own electricity to use that electricity anytime, instead of when it is generated.

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Nickel–cadmium battery

The nickel–cadmium battery (NiCd battery or NiCad battery) is a type of rechargeable battery using nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium as electrodes.

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Nominal power (photovoltaic)

The nominal power is the nameplate capacity of photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as solar cells, panels and systems, and is determined by measuring the electric current and voltage in a circuit, while varying the resistance under precisely defined conditions.

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Noon

Noon (also midday or noon time) is 12 o'clock in the daytime, as opposed to midnight.

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Noup Head Lighthouse

Noup Head Lighthouse lies on the north west headland of the isle of Westray, in Orkney, Scotland.

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Otago Harbour

Otago Harbour is the natural harbour of Dunedin, New Zealand, consisting of a long, much-indented stretch of generally navigable water separating the Otago Peninsula from the mainland.

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P–n junction

A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.

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Pellworm

(Pelvorm; North Frisian Polweerm) is a municipality in the district of Nordfriesland,in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

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Photovoltaic mounting system

Photovoltaic mounting systems (also called solar module racking) are used to fix solar panels on surfaces like roofs, building facades, or the ground.

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Photovoltaic power station

A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, is a large-scale photovoltaic system (PV system) designed for the supply of merchant power into the electricity grid.

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Photovoltaic system performance

Photovoltaic performance monitoring systems serve several purposes.

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Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector

Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors, sometimes known as hybrid PV/T systems or PVT, are systems that convert solar radiation into thermal and electrical energy.

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Photovoltaics

Photovoltaics (PV) is a term which covers the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.

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Pico hydro

Pico hydro is a term used for hydroelectric power generation of under 5 kW.

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Pico-

Pico- (symbol p) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting one trillionth, a factor of 10−12.

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Polyvinyl fluoride

Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or –(CH2CHF)n– is a polymer material mainly used in the flammability-lowering coatings of airplane interiors and photovoltaic module backsheets.

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Power inverter

A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).

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Power optimizer

A power optimizer is a DC to DC converter technology developed to maximize the energy harvest from solar photovoltaic or wind turbine systems.

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Power station

A power station, also referred to as a power plant or powerhouse and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

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Pulse-width modulation

Pulse-width modulation (PWM), or pulse-duration modulation (PDM), is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a pulsing signal.

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Pump

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action.

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Pyranometer

A pyranometer is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from the hemisphere above within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.

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Radiation

In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.

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Rechargeable battery

A rechargeable battery, storage battery, secondary cell, or accumulator is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use.

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Recreational vehicle

The term recreational vehicle (RV) is often used as a broad category of motor vehicles and trailers which include living quarters designed for temporary accommodation.

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Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

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Renewable energy credit

A Renewable energy credit (REC) is a certificate corresponding to the environmental attributes of energy produced from renewable sources such as wind or solar.

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Renewable energy in Spain

Electricity from renewable sources in Spain represented 42.8% of electricity demand coverage during 2014.

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Retrofitting

Retrofitting refers to the addition of new technology or features to older systems.

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Return on investment

Return on investment (ROI) is the ratio between the net profit and cost of investment resulting from an investment of some resource.

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Rooftop photovoltaic power station

A rooftop photovoltaic power station, or rooftop PV system, is a photovoltaic system that has its electricity-generating solar panels mounted on the rooftop of a residential or commercial building or structure.

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Sahara

The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.

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Santuari de Lluc

The Santuari de Lluc is a monastery and pilgrimage site located in the municipality of Escorca in north-west Majorca.

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Satellite

In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit.

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Series and parallel circuits

Components of an electrical circuit or electronic circuit can be connected in many different ways.

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SketchUp

SketchUp, formerly Google Sketchup, is a 3D modeling computer program for a wide range of drawing applications such as architectural, interior design, landscape architecture, civil and mechanical engineering, film and video game design.

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Smart grid

A smart grid is an electrical grid which includes a variety of operational and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy resources, and energy efficient resources.

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Smart meter

A smart meter is an electronic device that records consumption of electric energy and communicates the information to the electricity supplier for monitoring and billing.

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Sodium–sulfur battery

A sodium–sulfur battery is a type of molten-salt battery constructed from liquid sodium (Na) and sulfur (S).

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Solar cable

A solar cable is the interconnection cable used in photovoltaic power generation.

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Solar car

A solar car is a solar vehicle used for land transport.

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Solar cell

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.

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Solar cell efficiency

Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics into electricity.

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Solar cell phone charger

Solar cell phone chargers use solar panels to charge cell phone batteries.

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Solar energy

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

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Solar hybrid power systems

Solar hybrid power systems are hybrid power systems that combine solar power from a photovoltaic system with another power generating energy source.

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Solar Impulse

Solar Impulse is a Swiss long-range experimental solar-powered aircraft project, and also the name of the project's two operational aircraft.

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Solar inverter

A solar inverter or PV inverter, is a type of electrical converter which converts the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid electrical network.

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Solar irradiance

Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.

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Solar micro-inverter

A solar micro-inverter, or simply microinverter, is a plug-and-play device used in photovoltaics, that converts direct current (DC) generated by a single solar module to alternating current (AC).

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Solar panel

Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity.

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Solar panels on spacecraft

Spacecraft operating in the inner Solar System usually rely on the use of photovoltaic solar panels to derive electricity from sunlight.

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Solar power

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.

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Solar power in Australia

Solar power in Australia is a growing industry.

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Solar power in China

China is the world's largest market for both photovoltaics and solar thermal energy.

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Solar power in France

Solar power in France including overseas territories reached an installed capacity figure of 7,165 MW by year end 2016 generating 8,790 GWh of power.

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Solar power in Germany

Solar power in Germany consists almost exclusively of photovoltaics (PV) and accounted for an estimated 6.2 to 6.9 percent of the country's net-electricity generation in 2016.

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Solar power in Italy

Solar power in Italy increased rapidly in the last ten years, reaching an installed capacity that ranks fifth in the world.

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Solar power in Japan

Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s.

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Solar power in the United Kingdom

Solar power represented a very small part of electricity production in United Kingdom until 2011.

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Solar power in the United States

Solar power in the United States includes utility-scale solar power plants as well as local distributed generation, mostly from rooftop photovoltaics.

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Solar Star

Solar Star is a 579-megawatt (MWAC) photovoltaic power station near Rosamond, California.

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Solar street light

Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by photovoltaic panels generally mounted on the lighting structure or integrated in the pole itself.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Solar thermal collector

A solar thermal collector collects heat by absorbing sunlight.

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Solar thermal energy

Solar thermal energy (STE) is a form of energy and a technology for harnessing solar energy to generate thermal energy or electrical energy for use in industry, and in the residential and commercial sectors.

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Solar tracker

A solar tracker is a device that orients a payload toward the Sun.

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Solar tree

A solar tree is a structure incorporating solar energy technology on a single pillar, like a tree trunk.

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Solar vehicle

A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar energy.

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Solar-powered calculator

Solar-powered calculators are hand-held electronic calculators powered by solar cells mounted on the device.

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Solar-powered fan

A solar fan is a mechanical fan powered by solar panels.

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Solar-powered watch

A solar-powered watch or light-powered watch is a watch that is powered entirely or partly by a solar cell.

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Space probe

A space probe is a robotic spacecraft that does not orbit the Earth, but, instead, explores further into outer space.

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Sputnik 1

Sputnik 1 (or; "Satellite-1", or "PS-1", Простейший Спутник-1 or Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1, "Elementary Satellite 1") was the first artificial Earth satellite.

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Stand-alone power system

A stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS), also known as remote area power supply (RAPS), is an off-the-grid electricity system for locations that are not fitted with an electricity distribution system.

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Steamboat Springs, Colorado

The City of Steamboat Springs, often shortened to just Steamboat, is a Home Rule Municipality that is the county seat and the most populous city of Routt County, Colorado, United States.

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Street light

A street light, light pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path.

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Sun Belt

The Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest.

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Tesla Powerwall

The Powerwall and Powerpack are rechargeable lithium-ion battery stationary energy storage products manufactured by Tesla, Inc. The Powerwall is intended to be used for home energy storage and stores electricity for solar self-consumption, time of use load shifting, backup power, and off-the-grid use.

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The Open Solar Outdoors Test Field

The Open Solar Outdoors Test Field (OSOTF) is a project organized under open source principles, which is a fully grid-connected test system that continuously monitors the output of many solar photovoltaic modules and correlates their performance to a long list of highly accurate meteorological readings.

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Thin-film solar cell

A thin-film solar cell is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin film (TF) of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal.

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Tokai University

is a private university founded by Dr.

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Topaz Solar Farm

Topaz Solar Farm is a 550 MWp photovoltaic power station in San Luis Obispo County, California.

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Toughened glass

Toughened or tempered glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass.

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Ultraviolet

Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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University of Michigan

The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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Utility

Within economics the concept of utility is used to model worth or value, but its usage has evolved significantly over time.

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Vanadium redox battery

The vanadium redox battery (VRB), also known as vanadium flow battery (VFB) or vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), is a type of rechargeable flow battery that employs vanadium ions in different oxidation states to store chemical potential energy.

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Vanguard 1

Vanguard 1 (ID: 1958-Beta 2) was the fourth artificial Earth orbital satellite to be successfully launched (following Sputnik 1, Sputnik 2, and Explorer 1).

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Variable renewable energy

Variable renewable energy (VRE) is a renewable energy source that is non-dispatchable due to its fluctuating nature, like wind power and solar power, as opposed to a controllable renewable energy source such as hydroelectricity, or biomass, or a relatively constant source such as geothermal power or run-of-the-river hydroelectricity.

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Voltage

Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted or, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm's or Kirchhoff's circuit laws) is the difference in electric potential between two points.

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VRLA battery

A valve-regulated lead-acid battery (VRLA battery) sometimes called sealed lead-acid (SLA), gel cell, or maintenance free battery. Due to their construction, the gel and absorbent glass mat (AGM) types of VRLA can be mounted in any orientation, and do not require constant maintenance.

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Waldpolenz Solar Park

The Waldpolenz Solar Park is a 52-megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station built by German developer and operator Juwi at a former military air base near Leipzig, Eastern Germany.

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Watt

The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.

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Wind turbine

A wind turbine is a device that converts the wind's kinetic energy into electrical energy.

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Windmill

A windmill is a mill that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades.

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Windpump

A windpump is a type of windmill which is used for pumping water.

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World Solar Challenge

The World Solar Challenge or the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge since 2013 due to the sponsorship of Bridgestone Corporation is a biennial solar-powered car race which covers through the Australian Outback, from Darwin, Northern Territory to Adelaide, South Australia.

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Yurt

A traditional yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered with skins or felt and used as a dwelling by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia.

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Zugspitze

The Zugspitze, at 2,962 m (9,718 ft) above sea level, is the highest peak of the Wetterstein Mountains as well as the highest mountain in Germany.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system

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