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61 relations: American Academy of Political and Social Science, Amine Gemayel, Antoun Saadeh, Arab nationalism, Arab–Israeli conflict, Arabs, Bachir Gemayel, Beirut, Berlin, Bikfaya, Cabinet (government), Cairo Agreement (1969), Camille Chamoun, Capital punishment, Charles Helou, Charles Malik, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, Etienne Saqr, France, Geneva, Guardians of the Cedars, Haifa, History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule, Hundred Days' War, Israel, Kataeb Party, Lausanne, League of Nations mandate, Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Front, Lebanese National Movement, Lebanese nationality law, Lebanese people (Maronite Christians), Lebanon, List of Presidents of Lebanon, Nadim Gemayel, Nasserism, National Pact, Nonsectarian, Ottoman Empire, Palestinian refugees, Palestinian territories, Palestinians, Parliament of Lebanon, Pierre Amine Gemayel, Politics of Lebanon, Rashid Karami, Saint Joseph University, ..., Samy Gemayel, Sheikh, Society of Jesus, Sokol, Switzerland, Syria, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, William Hawi, World War I, 1936 Summer Olympics, 1958 Lebanon crisis. Expand index (11 more) »
American Academy of Political and Social Science
The American Academy of Political and Social Science was founded in 1889 to promote progress in the social sciences.
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Amine Gemayel
Amine Pierre Gemayel (أمين بيار الجميٌل; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988 and was the leader of Kataeb Party.
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Antoun Saadeh
Antoun Saadeh (Anṭūn Sa‘ādeh; 1 March 1904 – 8 July 1949) was a Lebanese philosopher, writer and politician who founded the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.
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Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (القومية العربية al-Qawmiyya al-`arabiyya) is a nationalist ideology that asserts the Arabs are a nation and promotes the unity of Arab people, celebrating the glories of Arab civilization, the language and literature of the Arabs, calling for rejuvenation and political union in the Arab world.
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Arab–Israeli conflict
The Arab–Israeli conflict refers to the political tension, military conflicts and disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel.
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Arabs
Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.
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Bachir Gemayel
Bachir Gemayel (Bashīr al-Jimayyel, also romanized al-Jumayyil and El Gemaiel.; 10 November 1947 – 14 September 1982), also Bashir Gemayel, was a Lebanese leader and president-elect.
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Beirut
Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
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Berlin
Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.
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Bikfaya
Bikfaya (بكفيا, also spelled Bickfaya, Beckfayya, or Bekfaya) is a town in the Matn District region of Mount Lebanon.
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Cabinet (government)
A cabinet is a body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the top leaders of the executive branch.
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Cairo Agreement (1969)
The Cairo agreement or Cairo accord was an agreement reached on 2 November 1969 during talks between Yassir Arafat and the Lebanese army commander General Emile Bustani.
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Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun (Arabic: كميل نمر شمعون, Kamīl Sham'ūn) (3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958, and one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990).
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Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.
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Charles Helou
Charles Helou (شارل الحلو) (25 September 1913 – 7 January 2001) was President of Lebanon from 1964 to 1970.
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Charles Malik
Charles Habib Malik (sometimes spelled Charles Habib Malek; 1906 - 28 December 1987; شارل مالك) was a Lebanese academic, diplomat, and philosopher.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Etienne Saqr
Etienne Saqr (born in 1937) (last name also spelt Sakr or Sacre, Arabic: إتيان صقر), also known by his nom de guerre "Abu Arz" (translate: Father of Cedars), is a far-right, Lebanese nationalist leader and founder of the Guardians of the Cedars militia and political party (حراس الأرز, Horras Al-Arz in Arabic).
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Geneva
Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.
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Guardians of the Cedars
The Guardians of the Cedars (GoC') (Arabic: حراس الأرز; Ḥurrās al-Arz; French: Gardiens du Cedre or Gardiens des Cèdres, GdC) are a far-right ultranationalist Lebanese party and former Christian militia in Lebanon.
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Haifa
Haifa (חֵיפָה; حيفا) is the third-largest city in Israel – after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv– with a population of in.
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History of Lebanon under Ottoman rule
The Ottoman Empire at least nominally ruled Lebanon from its conquest in 1516 until the end of World War I in 1918.
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Hundred Days' War
The Hundred Days War (Arabic: حرب المئة يوم | Harb Al-Mia'at Yaoum), also known as 'La Guerre des Cent Jours' in French was a subconflict within the 1977–82 phase of the Lebanese Civil War which occurred at the Lebanese Capital Beirut.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Kataeb Party
The Lebanese Phalanges Party (حزب الكتائب اللبنانية), better known in English as the Phalange (الكتائب), is a Christian Democratic political party in Lebanon.
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Lausanne
Lausanne (Lausanne Losanna, Losanna) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud.
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League of Nations mandate
A League of Nations mandate was a legal status for certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I, or the legal instruments that contained the internationally agreed-upon terms for administering the territory on behalf of the League of Nations.
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Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) (Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية | Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya) or Forces Armées Libanaises (FAL) in French, also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني or "Armée libanaise" in French), is the military of the Lebanese Republic.
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Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.
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Lebanese Front
The Lebanese Front (الجبهة اللبنانية| al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya) or Front libanais in French, was a coalition of mainly Christian parties formed in 1976 during the Lebanese Civil War.
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Lebanese National Movement
The Lebanese National Movement (LNM) (Arabic: الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya) or Mouvement National Libanais (MNL) in French, was a front of leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
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Lebanese nationality law
Lebanese nationality law is the law governing the acquisition, transmission and loss of Lebanese citizenship.
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Lebanese people (Maronite Christians)
Lebanese Maronite Christians (Arabic: المسيحية المارونية في لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, which is the largest Christian denomination in the country.
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Lebanon
Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.
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List of Presidents of Lebanon
This is a list of Presidents of Lebanon since the creation of the office in 1926.
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Nadim Gemayel
Nadim Bashir Gemayel (born 1 May 1982), is a Lebanese politician and member of the Kataeb party.
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Nasserism
Nasserism (at-Tayyār an-Nāṣṣarī) is a socialist Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and Egypt's second President.
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National Pact
The National Pact (الميثاق الوطني) is an unwritten agreement that laid the foundation of Lebanon as a multiconfessional state, having shaped the country to this day.
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Nonsectarian
Nonsectarian institutions are secular institutions or other organizations not affiliated with or restricted to a particular religious group.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Palestinian refugees
The term "Palestine refugees" originally referred to both Arabs and Jews whose normal place of residence had been in Mandatory Palestine but were displaced and lost their livelihoods as a result of the 1948 Palestine war.
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Palestinian territories
Palestinian territories and occupied Palestinian territories (OPT or oPt) are terms often used to describe the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip, which are occupied or otherwise under the control of Israel.
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Palestinians
The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.
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Parliament of Lebanon
The Parliament of Lebanon (مجلس النواب Majlis an-Nuwwab; Chambre des députés) is the national parliament of Lebanon.
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Pierre Amine Gemayel
Pierre Amine Gemayel (Arabic: بيار أمين الجميّل; commonly known as Pierre Gemayel Jr., or simply Pierre Gemayel; 23 September 1972 – 21 November 2006) was a Lebanese politician in the Kataeb Party, also known as the Phalange Party in English.
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Politics of Lebanon
Lebanon is a semi-presidential parliamentary democratic republic within the overall framework of confessionalism, a form of consociationalism in which the highest offices are proportionately reserved for representatives from certain religious communities.
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Rashid Karami
Rashid Abdul Hamid Karami (30 December 1921 – 1 June 1987) (رشيد كرامي) was a Lebanese statesman.
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Saint Joseph University
Saint Joseph University (French: Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, "USJ") is a private Catholic research university in Beirut, Lebanon, founded in 1875 by the Jesuits.
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Samy Gemayel
Samy Gemayel (سامي الجميّل, born 3 December,1980) is a Lebanese politician and the president of the Phalange party.
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Sheikh
Sheikh (pronounced, or; شيخ, mostly pronounced, plural شيوخ)—also transliterated Sheik, Shykh, Shaik, Shayk, Shaykh, Cheikh, Shekh, and Shaikh—is an honorific title in the Arabic language.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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Sokol
The Sokol movement (falcon) is an all-age gymnastics organization first founded in Prague in the Czech region of Austria-Hungary in 1862 by Miroslav Tyrš and Jindřich Fügner.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Syrian Social Nationalist Party
The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) (الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي, transliterated: Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā'ī, often referred to in French as Parti populaire syrien or Parti social nationaliste syrien), is a nationalist political party operating in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine.
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William Hawi
William Amine Hawi (also written: William Haoui), – (September 5, 1908 – July 13, 1976), (وليم أمين حاوي) was a Lebanese-American businessman and a leader and militia commander of the Kataeb Party (الكتائب اللبنانية) better known in English as the Phalange, a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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1936 Summer Olympics
The 1936 Summer Olympics (German: Olympische Sommerspiele 1936), officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in 1936 in Berlin, Nazi Germany.
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1958 Lebanon crisis
The 1958 Lebanon crisis was a Lebanese political crisis caused by political and religious tensions in the country that included a U.S. military intervention.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Gemayel
